165:
heterochromatin. Once incorporated into the heterochromatin, the RITS complex is also known to play a role in the recruitment of other RNAi complexes as well as other chromatin modifying enzymes to specific genomic regions. Heterochromatin formation, but possibly not maintenance, is dependent on the
190:
are highly conserved and play some role in heterochromatin formation in mammals as well. In higher eukaryotes, RNAi-dependent heterochromatic silencing appears to play a larger role in germline cells than in primary cells or cell lines, and is only one of the many different forms of gene silencing
164:
substrates to replenish the complement of siRNA molecules to form more RITS complexes. The RITS complex localizes to heterochromatic regions through the base pairing of the nascent heterochromatic transcripts as well as through the Chp chromodomain which recognizes methylated histones found in
185:
is not clear, as some evidence suggests that heterochromatin maintenance in mammalian cells is independent of the components of the RNAi pathway. It is known, however, that plants and animals have analogous mechanism for small RNA-guided heterochromatin formation, and it is believed that the
198:
pathway. In this process, which is distinct from the process described above, argonaut-bound siRNA recognizes nascent RNA transcripts or the target DNA to guide the methylation and silencing of the target genomic region.
31:
272:
Irvine D, Zaratiegui M, Tolia N, Goto D, Chitwood D, Vaughn M, Joshua-Tor L, Martienssen R (2006). "Argonaute slicing is required for heterochromatic silencing and spreading".
156:, in which RITS complexes stably bind the methylated histones of a heterochromatin region using the Chp1 protein and induce co-transcriptional degradation of any nascent
124:
protein Chp1, and an argonaute interacting protein Tas3 which can also bind to Chp1, while heterochromatin formation has been shown to require at least argonaute and an
380:
Volpe T, Schramke V, Hamilton G, White S, Teng G, Martienssen R, Allshire R (2003). "RNA interference is required for normal centromere function in fission yeast".
743:
Matzke, Marjori; Kanno, Tatsuo; Daxinger, Lucia; Huettel, Bruno; Matzke, Antonius J. M. (2009-06-01). "RNA-mediated chromatin-based silencing in plants".
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The role of RNAi in transcriptional gene silencing in plants has been characterized fairly well, and functions primarily through DNA methylation via the
639:"The assembly and maintenance of heterochromatin initiated by transgene repeats are independent of the RNA interference pathway in mammalian cells"
425:"RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an essential component of a self-enforcing loop coupling heterochromatin assembly to siRNA production"
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125:
92:
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598:"RITS acts in cis to promote RNA interference-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing"
53:
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The maintenance of heterochromatin regions by RITS complexes has been described as a self-reinforcing
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The relevance of observations from fission yeast mating-type regions and centromeres to
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that binds to siRNAs and interacts with the methylated lysine 9 residue of histones H3 (
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tails (e.g. methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3) which target the genomic region for
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325:"Regulation of heterochromatic silencing and histone H3 lysine-9 methylation by RNAi"
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Noma K, Sugiyama T, Cam H, Verdel A, Zofall M, Jia S, Moazed D, Grewal S (2004).
30:"RITS" redirects here. For the juvenile prison Rhode Island Training School, see
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Verdel A, Jia S, Gerber S, Sugiyama T, Gygi S, Grewal S, Moazed D (2004).
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region. This is usually accomplished by posttranslational modification of
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Wang F, Koyama N, Nishida H, Haraguchi T, Reith W, Tsukamoto T (2006).
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Volpe T, Kidner C, Hall I, Teng G, Grewal S, Martienssen R (2002).
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results in abnormal heterochromatin organization and impairment of
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533:"Small RNAs in transcriptional gene silencing and genome defence"
217:"RNAi-mediated targeting of heterochromatin by the RITS complex"
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used throughout the genome, making it more difficult to study.
173:, which is used to generate the initial complement of siRNAs.
49:
32:
Rhode Island
Department of Children, Youth & Families
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Sugiyama T, Cam H, Verdel A, Moazed D, Grewal S (2005).
686:Volpe, Tom; Martienssen, Robert A. (2011-09-01).
474:Volpe, Tom; Martienssen, Robert A. (2011-09-01).
688:"RNA Interference and Heterochromatin Assembly"
476:"RNA Interference and Heterochromatin Assembly"
136:function, resulting in lagging chromosomes on
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160:(mRNA) transcripts, which are then used as
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480:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
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56:(siRNA) – trigger the downregulation of
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38:RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
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745:Current Opinion in Cell Biology
186:mechanisms described above for
104:formation. The RITS complex in
1:
531:Moazed, Danesh (2009-01-22).
162:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
126:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
704:10.1101/cshperspect.a003731
492:10.1101/cshperspect.a003731
177:Importance in other species
87:RITS was discovered in the
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29:
757:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.01.025
128:. Loss of these genes in
93:Schizosaccharomyces pombe
27:Form of RNA interference
442:10.1073/pnas.0407641102
394:10.1023/A:1022815931524
350:10.1126/science.1074973
294:10.1126/science.1128813
241:10.1126/science.1093686
148:Function and mechanisms
84:) is the RITS complex.
429:Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
54:small interfering RNA
655:10.1128/MCB.02189-05
108:contains at least a
52:molecules – such as
557:10.1038/nature07756
549:2009Natur.457..413M
341:2002Sci...297.1833V
286:2006Sci...313.1134I
233:2004Sci...303..672V
98:mating-type region
543:(7228): 413–420.
16:(Redirected from
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60:of a particular
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76:formation. The
74:heterochromatin
48:by which short
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167:ribonuclease
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122:chromodomain
112:-containing
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110:piwi domain
786:Categories
203:References
134:centromere
102:centromere
765:1879-0410
712:1943-0264
602:Nat Genet
565:0028-0836
500:1943-0264
118:argonaute
773:19243928
730:21441597
673:16705157
624:15475954
583:19158787
518:21441597
461:15615848
410:23813417
402:12733640
359:12193640
310:42997104
302:16931764
259:14704433
188:S. pombe
169:protein
138:anaphase
130:S. pombe
106:S. pombe
721:3181039
664:1489094
574:3246369
545:Bibcode
509:3181039
367:2613813
337:Bibcode
329:Science
282:Bibcode
274:Science
250:3244756
229:Bibcode
221:Science
183:mammals
140:during
114:RNase H
100:and in
82:H3K9me2
70:histone
66:genomic
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116:-like
406:S2CID
363:S2CID
306:S2CID
171:dicer
769:PMID
761:ISSN
726:PMID
708:ISSN
669:PMID
620:PMID
579:PMID
561:ISSN
514:PMID
496:ISSN
457:PMID
398:PMID
355:PMID
298:PMID
255:PMID
196:RdDM
120:, a
62:gene
42:RITS
18:RITS
797:RNA
753:doi
716:PMC
700:doi
659:PMC
651:doi
610:doi
569:PMC
553:doi
541:457
504:PMC
488:doi
447:PMC
437:doi
433:102
390:doi
345:doi
333:297
290:doi
278:313
245:PMC
237:doi
225:303
64:or
50:RNA
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