265:
564:, is a form of the DNA duplex observed under dehydrating conditions. It is shorter and wider than B-DNA. RNA adopts this double helical form, and RNA-DNA duplexes are mostly A-form, but B-form RNA-DNA duplexes have been observed. In localized single strand dinucleotide contexts, RNA can also adopt the B-form without pairing to DNA. A-DNA has a deep, narrow major groove which does not make it easily accessible to proteins. On the other hand, its wide, shallow minor groove makes it accessible to proteins but with lower information content than the major groove. Its favored conformation is at low water concentrations. A-DNAs base pairs are tilted relative to the helix axis, and are displaced from the axis. The sugar pucker occurs at the C3'-endo and in RNA 2'-OH inhibits C2'-endo conformation. Long considered little more than a laboratory artifice,
575:
favored conformation occurs when there are high salt concentrations. There are some base substitutions but they require an alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence. The N2-amino of G H-bonds to 5' PO, which explains the slow exchange of protons and the need for the G purine. Z-DNA base pairs are nearly perpendicular to the helix axis. Z-DNA does not contain single base-pairs but rather a GpC repeat with P-P distances varying for GpC and CpG. On the GpC stack there is good base overlap, whereas on the CpG stack there is less overlap. Z-DNA's zigzag backbone is due to the C sugar conformation compensating for G glycosidic bond conformation. The conformation of G is syn, C2'-endo; for C it is anti, C3'-endo.
385:
33:
244:, hence the glycosidic bonds form between their 1 nitrogen and the 1' -OH of the deoxyribose. For both the purine and pyrimidine bases, the phosphate group forms a bond with the deoxyribose sugar through an ester bond between one of its negatively charged oxygen groups and the 5' -OH of the sugar. The polarity in DNA and RNA is derived from the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the backbone. Nucleic acids are formed when nucleotides come together through phosphodiester linkages between the 5' and 3' carbon atoms. A
590:, which is the tertiary structure of DNA. Supercoiling is characterized by the linking number, twist and writhe. The linking number (Lk) for circular DNA is defined as the number of times one strand would have to pass through the other strand to completely separate the two strands. The linking number for circular DNA can only be changed by breaking of a covalent bond in one of the two strands. Always an integer, the linking number of a cccDNA is the sum of two components: twists (Tw) and writhes (Wr).
467:. It is minimally composed of two helical segments connected by single-stranded regions or loops. H-type fold pseudoknots are best characterized. In H-type fold, nucleotides in the hairpin-loop pair with the bases outside the hairpin stem forming second stem and loop. This causes formation of pseudoknots with two stems and two loops. Pseudoknots are functional elements in RNA structure having diverse function and found in most classes of RNA.
486:
44:
494:
692:
141:
368:. Although the two strands are aligned by hydrogen bonds in base pairs, the stronger forces holding the two strands together are stacking interactions between the bases. These stacking interactions are stabilized by Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions, and show a large amount of local structural variability. There are also two grooves in the double helix, which are called
264:
664:. Although some of the concepts are not exactly the same, the quaternary structure refers to a higher-level of organization of nucleic acids. Moreover, it refers to interactions of the nucleic acids with other molecules. The most commonly seen form of higher-level organization of nucleic acids is seen in the form of
388:
An example of RNA secondary structure. This image includes several structural elements, including; single-stranded and double-stranded areas, bulges, internal loops and hairpin loops. Double-stranded RNA forms an A-type helical structure, unlike the common B-type conformation taken by double-stranded
470:
Secondary structure of RNA can be predicted by experimental data on the secondary structure elements, helices, loops, and bulges. DotKnot-PW method is used for comparative pseudoknots prediction. The main points in the DotKnot-PW method is scoring the similarities found in stems, secondary elements
637:
Twists are the number of times the two strands of DNA are twisted around each other. Writhes are number of times the DNA helix crosses over itself. DNA in cells is negatively supercoiled and has the tendency to unwind. Hence the separation of strands is easier in negatively supercoiled DNA than in
578:
A linear DNA molecule having free ends can rotate, to adjust to changes of various dynamic processes in the cell, by changing how many times the two chains of its double helix twist around each other. Some DNA molecules are circular and are topologically constrained. More recently circular RNA was
557:
is the most common form of DNA in vivo and is a more narrow, elongated helix than A-DNA. Its wide major groove makes it more accessible to proteins. On the other hand, it has a narrow minor groove. B-DNA's favored conformations occur at high water concentrations; the hydration of the minor groove
574:
is a relatively rare left-handed double-helix. Given the proper sequence and superhelical tension, it can be formed in vivo but its function is unclear. It has a more narrow, more elongated helix than A or B. Z-DNA's major groove is not really a groove, and it has a narrow minor groove. The most
505:
constraints. It is a higher order than the secondary structure, in which large-scale folding in a linear polymer occurs and the entire chain is folded into a specific 3-dimensional shape. There are 4 areas in which the structural forms of DNA can differ.
248:
is the order of nucleotides within a DNA (GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule that is determined by a series of letters. Sequences are presented from the 5' to 3' end and determine the covalent structure of the entire molecule. Sequences can be
951:
Katsuyuki, Aoki; Kazutaka, Murayama; Hu, Ning-Hai (2016). "Solid State
Structures of Alkali Metal Ion Complexes Formed by Low-Molecular-Weight Ligands of Biological Relevance". In Astrid, Sigel; Helmut, Sigel; Roland K.O., Sigel (eds.).
558:
appears to favor B-DNA. B-DNA base pairs are nearly perpendicular to the helix axis. The sugar pucker which determines the shape of the a-helix, whether the helix will exist in the A-form or in the B-form, occurs at the C2'-endo.
393:
The secondary structure of RNA consists of a single polynucleotide. Base pairing in RNA occurs when RNA folds between complementarity regions. Both single- and double-stranded regions are often found in RNA molecules.
422:
The antiparallel strands form a helical shape. Bulges and internal loops are formed by separation of the double helical tract on either one strand (bulge) or on both strands (internal loops) by unpaired nucleotides.
356:. It has a single ring structure, a six-membered ring containing nitrogen. A purine base always pairs with a pyrimidine base (guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) and adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) or
253:
to another sequence in that the base on each position is complementary as well as in the reverse order. An example of a complementary sequence to AGCT is TCGA. DNA is double-stranded containing both a
320:
Secondary structure is the set of interactions between bases, i.e., which parts of strands are bound to each other. In DNA double helix, the two strands of DNA are held together by
301:
There are three potential metal binding groups on nucleic acids: phosphate, sugar, and base moieties. Solid-state structure of complexes with alkali metal ions have been reviewed.
433:
is formed when the RNA chains fold back on themselves to form a double helical tract called the 'stem', the unpaired nucleotides forms single stranded region called the 'loop'. A
586:
A covalently closed, circular DNA (also known as cccDNA) is topologically constrained as the number of times the chains coiled around one other cannot change. This cccDNA can be
39:
37:
38:
1473:
632:
126:. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Nucleic acid structure is often divided into four different levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
36:
332:
with the nucleotide on the other strand. The secondary structure is responsible for the shape that the nucleic acid assumes. The bases in the DNA are classified as
969:
884:
859:
811:
1571:
1466:
746:
731:
250:
1063:
Hollyfield JG, Besharse JC, Rayborn ME (December 1976). "The effect of light on the quantity of phagosomes in the pigment epithelium".
1398:
1576:
1566:
752:
655:
1556:
310:
269:
1100:"The tRNA-like structure at the 3' terminus of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA. Differences and similarities with canonical tRNA"
1561:
1459:
480:
384:
348:. Purines consist of a double ring structure, a six-membered and a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. The pyrimidines are
501:
Tertiary structure refers to the locations of the atoms in three-dimensional space, taking into consideration geometrical and
272:
such as this four-arm junction. These four strands associate into this structure because it maximizes the number of correct
1295:
Chen X; Ramakrishnan B; Sundaralingam M (1995). "Crystal structures of B-form DNA-RNA chimers complexed with distamycin".
993:
Sedova A, Banavali NK (2017). "Geometric
Patterns for Neighboring Bases Near the Stacked State in Nucleic Acid Strands".
1523:
1513:
661:
1586:
1503:
758:
646:. The plectonemic supercoil is found in prokaryotes, while the solenoidal supercoiling is mostly seen in eukaryotes.
1508:
464:
1252:
Dickerson RE, Drew HR, Conner BN, Wing RM, Fratini AV, Kopka ML (April 1982). "The anatomy of A-, B-, and Z-DNA".
1642:
1498:
741:
254:
58:
437:
is a four-base pairs hairpin RNA structure. There are three common families of tetraloop in ribosomal RNA:
1533:
1482:
1338:
Sedova A, Banavali NK (2016). "RNA approaches the B-form in stacked single strand dinucleotide contexts".
706:
111:
1551:
827:
245:
135:
1261:
579:
described as well to be a natural pervasive class of nucleic acids, expressed in many organisms (see
240:
between their 9 nitrogen and the 1' -OH group of the deoxyribose. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are
1612:
1581:
1434:
773:
736:
711:
540:
153:
1408:
1363:
1320:
716:
794:
Krieger M, Scott MP, Matsudaira PT, Lodish HF, Darnell JE, Lawrence Z, Kaiser C, Berk A (2004).
1518:
1490:
1394:
1355:
1312:
1277:
1229:
1180:
1129:
1080:
1045:
1010:
975:
965:
933:
880:
855:
807:
763:
672:. Also, the quaternary structure refers to the interactions between separate RNA units in the
596:
75:
1637:
1386:
1347:
1304:
1269:
1219:
1211:
1170:
1160:
1119:
1111:
1072:
1037:
1002:
957:
923:
913:
1420:
237:
225:
1265:
485:
1607:
1528:
1224:
1199:
1175:
1148:
726:
697:
639:
544:
1124:
1099:
928:
901:
1657:
1076:
800:
768:
721:
587:
548:
321:
1367:
1215:
1668:
1663:
1622:
1324:
580:
524:
493:
373:
369:
365:
361:
115:
268:
Nucleic acid design can be used to create nucleic acid complexes with complicated
156:. It is this linear sequence of nucleotides that make up the primary structure of
1165:
918:
1006:
961:
677:
214:
62:
795:
691:
1617:
687:
643:
460:
337:
325:
241:
168:
149:
140:
70:
66:
17:
1390:
1273:
1115:
665:
434:
430:
426:
329:
273:
258:
1359:
1233:
1184:
1049:
1041:
1014:
979:
937:
261:
strand. Therefore, the complementary sequence will be to the sense strand.
1316:
1281:
1133:
1098:
Rietveld K, Van
Poelgeest R, Pleij CW, Van Boom JH, Bosch L (March 1982).
1084:
543:
structures have been demonstrated in repetitive polypurine:polypyrimidine
1451:
673:
349:
285:
183:
1308:
1602:
956:. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 16. Springer. pp. 43–66.
669:
429:
or hairpin loop is the most common element of RNA secondary structure.
353:
345:
341:
289:
281:
277:
210:
188:
178:
173:
1351:
364:
of the two polynucleotide strands wrapped around each other to form a
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
502:
357:
333:
233:
218:
198:
875:
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Wlater P (2002).
571:
565:
561:
554:
536:
532:
528:
492:
484:
383:
139:
850:
Anthony-Cahill SJ, Mathews CK, van Holde KE, Appling DR (2012).
660:
The quaternary structure of nucleic acids is similar to that of
43:
1455:
397:
The four basic elements in the secondary structure of RNA are:
360:(U)). DNA's secondary structure is predominantly determined by
31:
1632:
1627:
1200:"Predicting pseudoknotted structures across two RNA sequences"
202:
192:
161:
157:
123:
119:
42:
27:
Biomolecular structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA
1435:"Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/DNA/DNA structure"
1028:
Tinoco I, Bustamante C (October 1999). "How RNA folds".
668:
which leads to its interactions with the small proteins
638:
relaxed DNA. The two components of supercoiled DNA are
566:
A-DNA is now known to have several biological functions
854:(4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall.
519:
Difference in size between the major and minor grooves
845:
843:
841:
599:
57:(primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary) using
1149:"Pseudoknots: RNA structures with diverse functions"
1595:
1542:
1489:
1198:Sperschneider J, Datta A, Wise MJ (December 2012).
148:Primary structure consists of a linear sequence of
799:
626:
463:is an RNA secondary structure first identified in
457:is a purine). UNCG is the most stable tetraloop.
1247:
1245:
1243:
1381:Mirkin SM (2001). "DNA Topology: Fundamentals".
902:"The emergence of complexity: lessons from DNA"
35:
1467:
8:
232:The nitrogen bases adenine and guanine are
1474:
1460:
1452:
954:The Alkali Metal Ions: Their Role for Life
1223:
1174:
1164:
1123:
927:
917:
796:"Section 4.1: Structure of Nucleic Acids"
598:
263:
47:The image above contains clickable links
877:Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.)
786:
164:. Nucleotides consist of 3 components:
1416:
1406:
7:
747:Nucleic acid structure determination
1147:Staple DW, Butcher SE (June 2005).
732:Non-helical models of DNA structure
453:is one of the four nucleotides and
523:The tertiary arrangement of DNA's
25:
806:. New York: W.H. Freeman and CO.
753:Nucleic acid structure prediction
656:Nucleic acid quaternary structure
879:. New York NY: Garland Science.
690:
311:Nucleic acid secondary structure
297:Complexes with alkali metal ions
481:Nucleic acid tertiary structure
376:based on their relative size.
1:
1216:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts575
516:Number of base pairs per turn
1166:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030213
1077:10.1016/0014-4835(76)90221-9
1030:Journal of Molecular Biology
919:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020431
828:"Structure of Nucleic Acids"
662:protein quaternary structure
152:that are linked together by
1007:10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01101
962:10.1007/978-3-319-21756-7_3
759:Nucleic acid thermodynamics
1685:
653:
510:Handedness – right or left
478:
465:turnip yellow mosaic virus
308:
133:
1643:Nucleic acid double helix
1297:Nature Structural Biology
1065:Experimental Eye Research
742:Nucleic acid double helix
144:Chemical structure of DNA
627:{\displaystyle Lk=Tw+Wr}
513:Length of the helix turn
471:and H-type pseudoknots.
236:in structure and form a
1391:10.1038/npg.els.0001038
1274:10.1126/science.7071593
900:Mao C (December 2004).
489:DNA structure and bases
292:. Image from Mao, 2004.
1544:Nucleic acid structure
1483:Biomolecular structure
1104:Nucleic Acids Research
1042:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3001
802:Molecular cell biology
707:Biomolecular structure
628:
498:
490:
390:
293:
145:
108:Nucleic acid structure
104:
61:and examples from the
55:nucleic acid structure
48:
1116:10.1093/nar/10.6.1929
629:
496:
488:
387:
267:
246:nucleic acid sequence
143:
136:Nucleic acid sequence
46:
41:
650:Quaternary structure
597:
270:secondary structures
1613:Protein engineering
1309:10.1038/nsb0995-733
1266:1982Sci...216..475D
774:Triple-stranded DNA
737:Nucleic acid design
712:Crosslinking of DNA
541:Triple-stranded DNA
497:A-B-Z-DNA Side View
305:Secondary structure
217:(found in DNA) and
154:phosphodiester bond
717:DNA nanotechnology
624:
527:in space includes
499:
491:
475:Tertiary structure
391:
340:. The purines are
294:
146:
105:
49:
1651:
1650:
1491:Protein structure
1352:10.1002/bip.22750
1001:(10): 1426–1443.
971:978-3-319-21755-0
886:978-0-8153-3218-3
861:978-0-13-800464-4
813:978-0-7167-4366-8
764:Protein structure
130:Primary structure
51:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
1676:
1638:Structural motif
1476:
1469:
1462:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1260:(4545): 475–85.
1249:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1127:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1025:
1019:
1018:
990:
984:
983:
948:
942:
941:
931:
921:
897:
891:
890:
872:
866:
865:
847:
836:
835:
824:
818:
817:
805:
791:
700:
695:
694:
633:
631:
630:
625:
226:phosphate groups
213:which is called
169:Nitrogenous base
102:
45:
34:
21:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1591:
1538:
1485:
1480:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1415:
1405:
1401:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1251:
1250:
1241:
1210:(23): 3058–65.
1197:
1196:
1192:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1027:
1026:
1022:
992:
991:
987:
972:
950:
949:
945:
899:
898:
894:
887:
874:
873:
869:
862:
849:
848:
839:
826:
825:
821:
814:
793:
792:
788:
783:
778:
755:(computational)
696:
689:
686:
658:
652:
595:
594:
483:
477:
382:
318:
313:
307:
299:
238:glycosidic bond
221:(found in RNA).
138:
132:
74:
40:
32:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1608:Protein domain
1605:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1587:Thermodynamics
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1534:Thermodynamics
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1426:
1417:|journal=
1400:978-0470016176
1399:
1373:
1330:
1303:(9): 733–735.
1287:
1239:
1204:Bioinformatics
1190:
1139:
1110:(6): 1929–46.
1090:
1055:
1020:
985:
970:
943:
892:
885:
867:
860:
837:
819:
812:
785:
784:
782:
779:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
749:(experimental)
744:
739:
734:
729:
727:Gene structure
724:
719:
714:
709:
703:
702:
701:
698:Biology portal
685:
682:
654:Main article:
651:
648:
635:
634:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
547:sequences and
545:Microsatellite
521:
520:
517:
514:
511:
479:Main article:
476:
473:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
389:DNA molecules.
381:
378:
328:on one strand
322:hydrogen bonds
317:
314:
309:Main article:
306:
303:
298:
295:
257:strand and an
230:
229:
222:
211:5-carbon sugar
208:
207:
206:
196:
186:
181:
176:
134:Main article:
131:
128:
110:refers to the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1681:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:Determination
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Determination
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1410:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:(6): 623–35.
1070:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1036:(2): 271–81.
1035:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
986:
981:
977:
973:
967:
963:
959:
955:
947:
944:
939:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
896:
893:
888:
882:
878:
871:
868:
863:
857:
853:
846:
844:
842:
838:
833:
829:
823:
820:
815:
809:
804:
803:
797:
790:
787:
780:
775:
772:
770:
769:Satellite DNA
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
722:DNA supercoil
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
699:
693:
688:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
657:
649:
647:
645:
641:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
593:
592:
591:
589:
584:
582:
576:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
556:
552:
550:
549:Satellite DNA
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
518:
515:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
495:
487:
482:
474:
472:
468:
466:
462:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
395:
386:
379:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
315:
312:
304:
302:
296:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
251:complementary
247:
243:
239:
235:
227:
223:
220:
216:
212:
209:
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
170:
167:
166:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
142:
137:
129:
127:
125:
121:
117:
116:nucleic acids
113:
109:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
30:
19:
18:RNA structure
1623:Nucleic acid
1543:
1438:. Retrieved
1429:
1382:
1376:
1346:(2): 65–82.
1343:
1339:
1333:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1257:
1253:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1156:
1153:PLOS Biology
1152:
1142:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1033:
1029:
1023:
998:
995:Biochemistry
994:
988:
953:
946:
912:(12): e431.
909:
906:PLOS Biology
905:
895:
876:
870:
852:Biochemistry
851:
831:
822:
801:
789:
659:
636:
585:
577:
570:
560:
553:
525:double helix
522:
500:
469:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
425:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
392:
374:minor groove
370:major groove
366:double helix
362:base-pairing
319:
300:
231:
224:One or more
201:(present in
191:(present in
147:
107:
106:
54:
50:
29:
1440:11 December
1340:Biopolymers
1159:(6): e213.
678:spliceosome
644:plectonemic
588:supercoiled
338:pyrimidines
326:nucleotides
288:matched to
280:matched to
242:pyrimidines
215:deoxyribose
150:nucleotides
63:VS ribozyme
59:DNA helices
1658:Categories
1618:Proteasome
1577:Prediction
1567:Quaternary
1524:Prediction
1514:Quaternary
832:SparkNotes
781:References
461:Pseudoknot
330:base pairs
274:base pairs
71:nucleosome
67:telomerase
1557:Secondary
1504:Secondary
1419:ignored (
1409:cite book
666:chromatin
435:tetraloop
431:Stem-loop
427:Stem-loop
417:Junctions
259:antisense
112:structure
1596:See also
1562:Tertiary
1509:Tertiary
1368:35949700
1360:26443416
1234:23044552
1185:15941360
1050:10550208
1015:28187685
980:26860299
938:15597116
684:See also
674:ribosome
670:histones
640:solenoid
350:cytosine
184:Cytosine
118:such as
1603:Protein
1552:Primary
1499:Primary
1325:6886088
1317:7552741
1282:7071593
1262:Bibcode
1254:Science
1225:3516145
1176:1149493
1134:7079175
1085:1087245
581:CircRNA
402:Helices
354:thymine
346:guanine
342:adenine
334:purines
276:, with
189:Thymine
179:Guanine
174:Adenine
1582:Design
1529:Design
1397:
1366:
1358:
1323:
1315:
1280:
1232:
1222:
1183:
1173:
1132:
1125:320581
1122:
1083:
1048:
1013:
978:
968:
936:
929:535573
926:
883:
858:
810:
535:, and
503:steric
445:, and
407:Bulges
358:uracil
324:. The
234:purine
219:ribose
199:Uracil
1364:S2CID
1321:S2CID
572:Z-DNA
562:A-DNA
555:B-DNA
537:Z-DNA
533:A-DNA
529:B-DNA
412:Loops
255:sense
205:only)
195:only)
1442:2012
1421:help
1395:ISBN
1356:PMID
1313:PMID
1278:PMID
1230:PMID
1181:PMID
1130:PMID
1081:PMID
1046:PMID
1011:PMID
976:PMID
966:ISBN
934:PMID
881:ISBN
856:ISBN
808:ISBN
642:and
447:CUUG
443:GNRA
439:UNCG
372:and
352:and
344:and
336:and
284:and
122:and
100:1EQZ
96:1YMO
92:4R4V
88:4OCB
84:1BNA
80:ADNA
69:and
65:and
1669:RNA
1664:DNA
1633:RNA
1628:DNA
1387:doi
1383:eLS
1348:doi
1344:105
1305:doi
1270:doi
1258:216
1220:PMC
1212:doi
1171:PMC
1161:doi
1120:PMC
1112:doi
1073:doi
1038:doi
1034:293
1003:doi
958:doi
924:PMC
914:doi
676:or
583:).
539:.
380:RNA
316:DNA
203:RNA
193:DNA
162:RNA
160:or
158:DNA
124:RNA
120:DNA
114:of
76:PDB
73:. (
53:of
1660::
1413::
1411:}}
1407:{{
1393:.
1385:.
1362:.
1354:.
1342:.
1319:.
1311:.
1299:.
1276:.
1268:.
1256:.
1242:^
1228:.
1218:.
1208:28
1206:.
1202:.
1179:.
1169:.
1155:.
1151:.
1128:.
1118:.
1108:10
1106:.
1102:.
1079:.
1069:23
1067:.
1044:.
1032:.
1009:.
999:56
997:.
974:.
964:.
932:.
922:.
908:.
904:.
840:^
830:.
798:.
680:.
568:.
551:.
531:,
441:,
290:Gs
286:Cs
282:Ts
278:As
103:)
98:,
94:,
90:,
86:,
82:,
78::
1475:e
1468:t
1461:v
1444:.
1423:)
1403:.
1389::
1370:.
1350::
1327:.
1307::
1301:2
1284:.
1272::
1264::
1236:.
1214::
1187:.
1163::
1157:3
1136:.
1114::
1087:.
1075::
1052:.
1040::
1017:.
1005::
982:.
960::
940:.
916::
910:2
889:.
864:.
834:.
816:.
622:r
619:W
616:+
613:w
610:T
607:=
604:k
601:L
455:R
451:N
449:(
228:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
