318:
295:
1422:. The two Ku proteins, one on each broken end, bind to each other and form a bridge. This protects the DNA ends and forms a platform for further DNA repair enzymes to operate. After the broken ends are rejoined, the two Ku proteins still encircle the now intact DNA and can no longer slip off an end. The Ku proteins must be removed or they cause loss of cell viability. The removal of Ku protein is performed either by RNF8 ubiquitination of Ku80, allowing it to be released from the Ku protein ring, or else by
192:
217:
3092:
576:
569:
324:
223:
29:
2952:
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P,
55:
1437:-induced formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA can lead to cell death unless the lesions are repaired. Most repair of these lesions is by nucleotide excision repair. After UV-irradiation, RNF8 is recruited to sites of UV-induced DNA damage and ubiquitinates
1382:
RNF8 appears to have other roles in HRR as well. RNF8, acting as a ubiquitin ligase, mono-ubiquitinates Ξ³H2AX to tether DNA repair molecules at DNA lesions. In particular, RNF8 activity is required to recruit BRCA1 for homologous recombination repair.
1375:(both before and after DNA damage occurs), and this ubiquitination is required for effective homologous recombinational repair. Ubiquitination of NBS1 by RNF8 is, however, not required for the role of NBS1 in another DNA repair process, the error-prone
2953:
Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (Oct 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network".
1321:
variant H2AX constitutes about 10% of the H2A histones in human chromatin. At the site of a DNA double-strand break, the extent of chromatin with phosphorylated Ξ³H2AX is about two million base pairs.
2810:
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library".
1609:"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. X. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro"
331:
230:
3091:
2384:"RNF8 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Stimulates Ubc13 E2 Conjugating Activity That Is Essential for DNA Double Strand Break Signaling and BRCA1 Tumor Suppressor Recruitment"
2998:
Kolas NK, Chapman JR, Nakada S, Ylanko J, Chahwan R, Sweeney FD, Panier S, Mendez M, Wildenhain J, Thomson TM, Pelletier L, Jackson SP, Durocher D (Dec 2007).
934:
915:
153:
1324:Ξ³H2AX does not, by itself, cause chromatin decondensation, but within seconds of irradiation the protein βMediator of the DNA damage checkpoint 1β (
2874:
Takano Y, Adachi S, Okuno M, Muto Y, Yoshioka T, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Tsurumi H, Ito K, Friedman SL, Moriwaki H, Kojima S, Okano Y (Apr 2004).
2700:
Takano Y, Adachi S, Okuno M, Muto Y, Yoshioka T, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Tsurumi H, Ito K, Friedman SL, Moriwaki H, Kojima S, Okano Y (Apr 2004).
2474:
Rulten SL, Grundy GJ (2017). "Non-homologous end joining: Common interaction sites and exchange of multiple factors in the DNA repair process".
2746:
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides".
3071:
1589:
1571:
3137:
317:
1376:
2243:
Luijsterburg MS, Acs K, Ackermann L, Wiegant WW, Bekker-Jensen S, Larsen DH, Khanna KK, van
Attikum H, Mailand N, Dantuma NP (2012).
1149:
1142:
294:
2841:"N-Terminally extended human ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) mediate the ubiquitination of RING-finger proteins, ARA54 and RNF8"
1355:
is a pivotal step in HRR repair that produces 3β overhangs that provide a platform to recruit proteins involved in HRR repair. The
1828:"Nucleotide excision repair-induced H2A ubiquitination is dependent on MDC1 and RNF8 and reveals a universal DNA damage response"
1692:
1328:) specifically attaches to Ξ³H2AX. This is accompanied by simultaneous accumulation of RNF8 protein and the DNA repair protein
1650:"Isolation, tissue expression, and chromosomal assignment of a novel human gene which encodes a protein with RING finger motif"
1558:
1537:
2876:"The RING finger protein, RNF8, interacts with retinoid X receptor alpha and enhances its transcription-stimulating activity"
2702:"The RING finger protein, RNF8, interacts with retinoid X receptor alpha and enhances its transcription-stimulating activity"
2196:"Phospho-dependent interactions between NBS1 and MDC1 mediate chromatin retention of the MRN complex at sites of DNA damage"
1554:
216:
191:
52:
3142:
1968:
Li L, Halaby MJ, Hakem A, Cardoso R, El
Ghamrasni S, Harding S, Chan N, Bristow R, Sanchez O, Durocher D, Hakem R (2010).
1533:
2343:"Interaction between RNF8 and DYRK2 is required for the recruitment of DNA repair molecules to DNA double-strand breaks"
1232:
133:
1970:"Rnf8 deficiency impairs class switch recombination, spermatogenesis, and genomic integrity and predisposes for cancer"
1772:"The RING finger protein RNF8 ubiquitinates Nbs1 to promote DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination"
1493:
1255:
of certain nuclear proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
1826:
Marteijn JA, Bekker-Jensen S, Mailand N, Lans H, Schwertman P, Gourdin AM, Dantuma NP, Lukas J, Vermeulen W (2009).
1706:
Ramachandran S, Chahwan R, Nepal RM, Frieder D, Panier S, Roa S, Zaheen A, Durocher D, Scharff MD, Martin A (2010).
330:
229:
1411:
1299:
1267:
1263:
1228:
2520:
Brown JS, Lukashchuk N, Sczaniecka-Clift M, Britton S, le Sage C, Calsou P, Beli P, Galanty Y, Jackson SP (2015).
3064:
1497:
1461:
323:
222:
1414:
DNA repair of a double-strand break is the slipping of a Ku protein (with its ring protein structure) over each
3121:
1473:
1295:
1259:
979:
141:
2155:"MDC1 directly binds phosphorylated histone H2AX to regulate cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks"
1480:
DNA. RNF8 plays an essential role in signaling the presence of DNA double-strand breaks. Male mice with a
960:
2019:"Synergistic interaction of Rnf8 and p53 in the protection against genomic instability and tumorigenesis"
1770:
Lu CS, Truong LN, Aslanian A, Shi LZ, Li Y, Hwang PY, Koh KH, Hunter T, Yates JR, Berns MW, Wu X (2012).
1484:
for RNF8 have impaired spermatogenesis, apparently due to a defect in homologous recombinational repair.
1926:"DNA damage responses: mechanisms and roles in human disease: 2007 G.H.A. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture"
1648:
Seki N, Hattori A, Sugano S, Suzuki Y, Nakagawara A, Ohhira M, Muramatsu M, Hori T, Saito T (Jan 1999).
1415:
3057:
3011:
2962:
1719:
1311:
1291:
205:
120:
2245:"A new non-catalytic role for ubiquitin ligase RNF8 in unfolding higher-order chromatin structure"
2114:"RNF8 ubiquitylates histones at DNA double-strand breaks and promotes assembly of repair proteins"
3117:
2986:
2499:
1509:
1224:
165:
1125:
1104:
1100:
1074:
1053:
1049:
3037:
2978:
2940:
2897:
2862:
2827:
2798:
2763:
2723:
2682:
2641:
2600:
2551:
2491:
2456:
2415:
2364:
2323:
2274:
2225:
2176:
2135:
2094:
2050:
1999:
1947:
1906:
1857:
1803:
1747:
1671:
1630:
1607:
Ishikawa K, Nagase T, Suyama M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O (Jun 1998).
1352:
1341:
113:
45:
2017:
Halaby MJ, Hakem A, Li L, El
Ghamrasni S, Venkatesan S, Hande PM, Sanchez O, Hakem R (2013).
3027:
3019:
2970:
2930:
2922:
2887:
2852:
2819:
2788:
2755:
2713:
2672:
2631:
2590:
2582:
2541:
2533:
2483:
2446:
2405:
2395:
2382:
Hodge CD, Ismail IH, Edwards RA, Hura GL, Xiao AT, Tainer JA, Hendzel MJ, Glover JN (2016).
2354:
2313:
2305:
2264:
2256:
2215:
2207:
2166:
2125:
2084:
2040:
2030:
1989:
1981:
1937:
1896:
1888:
1847:
1839:
1793:
1783:
1737:
1727:
1661:
1620:
1336:. RNF8 mediates extensive chromatin decondensation through its subsequent interaction with
1248:
575:
568:
410:
341:
285:
240:
1453:
385:
161:
3015:
2966:
2341:
Yamamoto T, Taira Nihira N, Yogosawa S, Aoki K, Takeda H, Sawasaki T, Yoshida K (2017).
1723:
3032:
2999:
2595:
2570:
2546:
2521:
2410:
2383:
2318:
2293:
2269:
2244:
2220:
2195:
2112:
Mailand N, Bekker-Jensen S, Faustrup H, Melander F, Bartek J, Lukas C, Lukas J (2007).
2045:
2018:
1994:
1969:
1901:
1876:
1852:
1827:
1798:
1771:
1742:
1707:
1271:
2935:
2910:
2823:
2451:
2434:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
28:
3131:
2857:
2840:
2759:
2503:
1481:
604:
145:
2990:
2661:"RNF8-dependent and RNF8-independent regulation of 53BP1 in response to DNA damage"
1399:
1391:
403:
182:
2620:"Insight in DNA Repair of UV-induced Pyrimidine Dimers by Chromatographic Methods"
1942:
1925:
2537:
2035:
1708:"The RNF8/RNF168 ubiquitin ligase cascade facilitates class switch recombination"
1314:). Chromatin remodeling initiated by Ξ³H2AX depends on RNF8, as described below.
169:
1594:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1576:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1457:
1434:
1395:
1356:
1302:. There are two pathways that result in chromatin relaxation, one initiated by
2171:
2154:
2130:
2113:
780:
negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
486:
2309:
2153:
Stucki M, Clapperton JA, Mohammad D, Yaffe MB, Smerdon SJ, Jackson SP (2005).
2073:"DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139"
302:
199:
149:
3100:: Solution structure of the FHA domain of human ubiquitin ligase protein RNF8
2522:"Neddylation promotes ubiquitylation and release of Ku from DNA-damage sites"
1625:
1608:
3023:
2777:"Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery"
2400:
2359:
2342:
2089:
2072:
1788:
1732:
1438:
1287:
1252:
879:
546:
424:
369:
356:
268:
255:
157:
3041:
2982:
2944:
2901:
2892:
2875:
2866:
2727:
2718:
2701:
2686:
2677:
2660:
2645:
2604:
2555:
2495:
2487:
2460:
2419:
2368:
2327:
2278:
2260:
2229:
2211:
2180:
2139:
2054:
2003:
1951:
1910:
1861:
1807:
1751:
1371:, carries out the initial steps of this end resection. RNF8 ubiquitinates
2839:
Ito K, Adachi S, Iwakami R, Yasuda H, Muto Y, Seki N, Okano Y (May 2001).
2831:
2802:
2767:
2586:
2571:"Ku80 removal from DNA through double strand break-induced ubiquitylation"
2569:
Postow L, Ghenoiu C, Woo EM, Krutchinsky AN, Chait BT, Funabiki H (2008).
2098:
1843:
1675:
1666:
1649:
1634:
1340:
protein, a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex
1189:
1184:
1985:
1477:
1275:
1173:
1024:
1005:
2974:
1445:
H2A. These responses provide partial protection against UV irradiation.
1215:. RNF8 has activity both in immune system functions and in DNA repair.
3000:"Orchestration of the DNA-damage response by the RNF8 ubiquitin ligase"
2926:
2793:
2776:
1469:
1465:
1442:
1318:
991:
946:
2636:
2619:
1892:
1258:
RNF8 promotes repair of DNA damage through three DNA repair pathways:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
1426:
promoted ubiquitination of Ku protein, causing its release from DNA.
1372:
1368:
1360:
1329:
1278:
leading to cancer. A deficiency in RNF8 predisposes mice to cancer.
1244:
1240:
1236:
1205:
1157:
901:
1423:
1364:
1307:
1303:
864:
860:
1407:
1403:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1231:. This protein has been shown to interact with several class II
1212:
137:
3053:
584:
3049:
1419:
2911:"A protein interaction framework for human mRNA degradation"
2071:
Rogakou EP, Pilch DR, Orr AH, Ivanova VS, Bonner WM (1998).
1270:(NER). DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of
1877:"The E3 ligase RNF8 regulates KU80 removal and NHEJ repair"
1306:
and one initiated by Ξ³H2AX (the phosphorylated form of the
1286:
After the occurrence of a double-strand break in DNA, the
1410:. Ku protein forms a ring structure. An early step in
825:
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
393:
558:
1118:
1093:
1067:
1042:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1529:
1527:
1525:
340:
239:
2066:
2064:
1821:
1819:
1817:
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1555:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000090083
3065:
760:ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
8:
2775:Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996).
2618:Douki T, von Koschembahr A, Cadet J (2017).
1223:The protein encoded by this gene contains a
1534:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000112130
3072:
3058:
3050:
875:
600:
381:
280:
177:
63:
3120:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3031:
2934:
2891:
2856:
2792:
2717:
2676:
2635:
2594:
2545:
2450:
2409:
2399:
2358:
2317:
2294:"DNA End Resection: Facts and Mechanisms"
2268:
2219:
2170:
2129:
2088:
2044:
2034:
1993:
1941:
1900:
1851:
1797:
1787:
1741:
1731:
1693:"Entrez Gene: RNF8 ring finger protein 8"
1665:
1624:
1348:RNF8 in Homologous Recombinational Repair
1274:, and deficiency in DNA repair can cause
513:fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell
2515:
2513:
1687:
1685:
785:cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
3087:
1521:
638:ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
18:
1963:
1961:
775:histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
345:
306:
301:
244:
203:
198:
7:
2433:Jones JM, Gellert M, Yang W (2001).
1765:
1763:
1761:
2909:Lehner B, Sanderson CM (Jul 2004).
2880:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2706:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2298:Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics
1472:. A major function of meiosis is
1430:RNF8 in Nucleotide Excision Repair
1387:RNF8 in Non-Homologous End Joining
1377:microhomology-mediated end joining
1115:
1090:
1064:
1039:
1015:
996:
970:
951:
925:
906:
563:
481:
419:
398:
14:
1208:that in humans is encoded by the
795:protein K48-linked ubiquitination
770:positive regulation of DNA repair
765:protein K63-linked ubiquitination
673:ubiquitin protein ligase activity
618:protein homodimerization activity
3090:
2858:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02169.x
2845:European Journal of Biochemistry
1394:is a dimeric protein complex, a
1202:E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF8
648:ubiquitin protein ligase binding
574:
567:
329:
322:
316:
293:
228:
221:
215:
190:
27:
2194:Chapman JR, Jackson SP (2008).
1294:to allow DNA repair, either by
2659:Sakasai R, Tibbetts R (2008).
745:response to ionizing radiation
585:More reference expression data
547:More reference expression data
467:right hemisphere of cerebellum
1:
2824:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3
2452:10.1016/s0969-2126(01)00658-x
2435:"A Ku bridge over broken DNA"
1943:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0020
1233:ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes
755:interstrand cross-link repair
314:
213:
2760:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8
2538:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.058
2036:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003259
1712:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
3138:Genes on human chromosome 6
689:site of double-strand break
3159:
2172:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.038
2131:10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.040
1474:homologous recombinational
1412:non-homologous end joining
1268:nucleotide excision repair
1264:non-homologous end joining
1260:homologous recombinational
840:double-strand break repair
835:protein autoubiquitination
820:histone H2B ubiquitination
750:histone H2A ubiquitination
533:superior cervical ganglion
3085:
2310:10.1016/j.gpb.2016.05.002
1930:Molecular Cancer Research
1654:Journal of Human Genetics
1590:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1572:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1498:Retinoid X receptor alpha
1462:spermatogonial stem cells
1188:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1156:
1137:
1122:
1097:
1086:
1071:
1046:
1035:
1022:
1018:
1003:
999:
990:
977:
973:
958:
954:
945:
932:
928:
913:
909:
900:
885:
878:
874:
858:
658:identical protein binding
603:
599:
582:
566:
557:
544:
493:
484:
431:
422:
392:
384:
380:
363:
350:
313:
292:
283:
279:
262:
249:
212:
189:
180:
176:
131:
128:
118:
111:
106:
71:
66:
49:
44:
39:
35:
26:
21:
3122:Medical Subject Headings
1924:Kastan MB (April 2008).
1456:is the process in which
1449:Impaired spermatogenesis
1150:Chr 17: 29.83 β 29.86 Mb
694:ubiquitin ligase complex
124:, hring finger protein 8
3024:10.1126/science.1150034
2401:10.1074/jbc.M116.715698
2360:10.1002/1873-3468.12596
2292:Liu T, Huang J (2016).
2090:10.1074/jbc.273.10.5858
1875:Feng L, Chen J (2012).
1789:10.1074/jbc.M112.421545
1733:10.1073/pnas.0913790107
1492:RNF8 has been shown to
1143:Chr 6: 37.35 β 37.39 Mb
2893:10.1074/jbc.M309148200
2719:10.1074/jbc.M309148200
2678:10.1074/jbc.M710197200
2488:10.1002/bies.201600209
2261:10.1038/emboj.2012.104
2212:10.1038/embor.2008.103
1881:Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol
1626:10.1093/dnares/5.3.169
850:chromatin organization
805:protein ubiquitination
521:neural layer of retina
2587:10.1083/jcb.200802146
1844:10.1083/jcb.200902150
1667:10.1007/s100380050088
810:spermatid development
529:mandibular prominence
439:cerebellar hemisphere
308:Chromosome 17 (mouse)
3143:RING finger proteins
2624:Photochem. Photobiol
1986:10.1084/jem.20092437
1312:Chromatin remodeling
1282:Chromatin remodeling
653:transferase activity
517:maxillary prominence
206:Chromosome 6 (human)
67:List of PDB id codes
40:Available structures
3118:RNF8+protein,+human
3016:2007Sci...318.1637K
2975:10.1038/nature04209
2967:2005Natur.437.1173R
1724:2010PNAS..107..809R
1247:, and may act as a
525:endocardial cushion
471:mucosa of esophagus
455:islet of Langerhans
435:ganglionic eminence
2927:10.1101/gr.2122004
2794:10.1101/gr.6.9.791
1510:RING finger domain
1460:are produced from
980:ENSMUSG00000090083
738:Biological process
682:Cellular component
611:Molecular function
3108:
3107:
3010:(5856): 1637β40.
2637:10.1111/php.12685
1893:10.1038/nsmb.2211
1353:DNA end resection
1225:RING finger motif
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1168:
1167:
1133:
1132:
1112:
1111:
1082:
1081:
1061:
1060:
1031:
1030:
1012:
1011:
986:
985:
967:
966:
941:
940:
922:
921:
870:
869:
800:isotype switching
668:ubiquitin binding
633:metal ion binding
628:chromatin binding
595:
594:
591:
590:
553:
552:
540:
539:
478:
477:
459:prefrontal cortex
376:
375:
275:
274:
102:
101:
98:
97:
50:Ortholog search:
3150:
3094:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3051:
3045:
3035:
2994:
2961:(7062): 1173β8.
2948:
2938:
2905:
2895:
2886:(18): 18926β34.
2870:
2860:
2835:
2806:
2796:
2771:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2712:(18): 18926β34.
2697:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2671:(20): 13549β55.
2656:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2403:
2394:(18): 9396β410.
2379:
2373:
2372:
2362:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2321:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2272:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1823:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1791:
1782:(52): 43984β94.
1767:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1568:
1562:
1552:
1541:
1531:
1359:, consisting of
1249:ubiquitin ligase
1235:(E2), including
1181:
1180:
1152:
1145:
1128:
1116:
1107:
1091:
1087:RefSeq (protein)
1077:
1065:
1056:
1040:
1016:
997:
971:
952:
926:
907:
876:
830:histone exchange
663:zinc ion binding
601:
587:
578:
571:
564:
549:
501:secondary oocyte
489:
487:Top expressed in
482:
451:ventricular zone
427:
425:Top expressed in
420:
399:
382:
372:
359:
348:
333:
326:
320:
309:
297:
281:
271:
258:
247:
232:
225:
219:
208:
194:
178:
172:
170:RNF8 - orthologs
123:
116:
93:
64:
58:
37:
36:
31:
19:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3128:
3127:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3081:
3078:
3048:
2997:
2951:
2915:Genome Research
2908:
2873:
2838:
2818:(1β2): 149β56.
2809:
2781:Genome Research
2774:
2745:
2741:
2739:Further reading
2736:
2735:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2255:(11): 2511β27.
2242:
2241:
2237:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2083:(10): 5858β68.
2070:
2069:
2062:
2029:(1): e1003259.
2016:
2015:
2011:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1553:
1544:
1532:
1523:
1518:
1506:
1490:
1476:repair of this
1454:Spermatogenesis
1451:
1432:
1389:
1350:
1284:
1262:repair (HRR),
1221:
1190:View/Edit Mouse
1185:View/Edit Human
1148:
1141:
1138:Location (UCSC)
1124:
1103:
1099:
1073:
1052:
1048:
961:ENSG00000112130
854:
733:
677:
643:protein binding
623:histone binding
583:
573:
572:
545:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
485:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
423:
367:
354:
347:17|17 A3.3
346:
336:
335:
334:
327:
307:
284:Gene location (
266:
253:
245:
235:
234:
233:
226:
204:
181:Gene location (
132:
119:
112:
73:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3156:
3154:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:External links
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3047:
3046:
2995:
2949:
2921:(7): 1315β23.
2906:
2871:
2851:(9): 2725β32.
2836:
2807:
2787:(9): 791β806.
2772:
2754:(1β2): 171β4.
2742:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2692:
2651:
2630:(1): 207β215.
2610:
2561:
2509:
2482:(3): 1600209.
2466:
2425:
2374:
2353:(6): 842β853.
2333:
2284:
2235:
2206:(8): 795β801.
2186:
2165:(7): 1213β26.
2145:
2124:(5): 887β900.
2104:
2060:
2009:
1957:
1916:
1867:
1813:
1757:
1698:
1681:
1640:
1599:
1581:
1563:
1542:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1489:
1486:
1450:
1447:
1431:
1428:
1418:of the broken
1388:
1385:
1349:
1346:
1332:which bind to
1310:protein) (see
1283:
1280:
1253:ubiquitination
1220:
1217:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
994:
988:
987:
984:
983:
975:
974:
968:
965:
964:
956:
955:
949:
943:
942:
939:
938:
930:
929:
923:
920:
919:
911:
910:
904:
898:
897:
892:
887:
883:
882:
872:
871:
868:
867:
856:
855:
853:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
739:
735:
734:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
685:
683:
679:
678:
676:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
614:
612:
608:
607:
597:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
580:
579:
561:
555:
554:
551:
550:
542:
541:
538:
537:
535:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:tail of embryo
506:
502:
498:
497:primary oocyte
494:
491:
490:
479:
476:
475:
473:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
428:
416:
415:
407:
396:
390:
389:
386:RNA expression
378:
377:
374:
373:
365:
361:
360:
352:
349:
344:
338:
337:
328:
321:
315:
311:
310:
305:
299:
298:
290:
289:
277:
276:
273:
272:
264:
260:
259:
251:
248:
243:
237:
236:
227:
220:
214:
210:
209:
202:
196:
195:
187:
186:
174:
173:
130:
126:
125:
117:
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
69:
68:
60:
59:
48:
42:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3155:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3099:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:J. Biol. Chem
2662:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2581:(3): 467β79.
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2532:(5): 704β14.
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2445:(10): 881β4.
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2388:J. Biol. Chem
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:(3): 126β30.
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:J. Biol. Chem
2074:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1980:(5): 983β97.
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1936:(4): 517β24.
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:(6): 835β47.
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:J. Biol. Chem
1773:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:(2): 809β14.
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1619:(3): 169β76.
1618:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1482:gene knockout
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1036:RefSeq (mRNA)
1034:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
995:
993:
989:
982:
981:
976:
972:
969:
963:
962:
957:
953:
950:
948:
944:
937:
936:
931:
927:
924:
918:
917:
912:
908:
905:
903:
899:
896:
893:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
873:
866:
862:
857:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:cell division
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
737:
736:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
684:
681:
680:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:Gene ontology
602:
598:
586:
581:
577:
570:
565:
562:
560:
556:
548:
543:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:
492:
488:
483:
480:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
430:
426:
421:
418:
417:
414:
412:
408:
406:
405:
401:
400:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
366:
362:
358:
353:
343:
339:
332:
325:
319:
312:
304:
300:
296:
291:
287:
282:
278:
270:
265:
261:
257:
252:
242:
238:
231:
224:
218:
211:
207:
201:
197:
193:
188:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
70:
65:
62:
61:
57:
54:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3097:
3007:
3003:
2958:
2954:
2918:
2914:
2883:
2879:
2848:
2844:
2815:
2811:
2784:
2780:
2751:
2747:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2578:
2575:J. Cell Biol
2574:
2564:
2529:
2525:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2080:
2076:
2026:
2022:
2012:
1977:
1973:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1887:(2): 201β6.
1884:
1880:
1870:
1835:
1832:J. Cell Biol
1831:
1779:
1775:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1660:(4): 272β4.
1657:
1653:
1643:
1616:
1613:DNA Research
1612:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1491:
1488:Interactions
1452:
1433:
1400:polypeptides
1390:
1381:
1379:DNA repair.
1351:
1323:
1316:
1290:needs to be
1285:
1266:(NHEJ), and
1257:
1251:(E3) in the
1222:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1123:
1098:
1072:
1047:
1023:
1004:
978:
959:
933:
914:
894:
889:
447:right testis
409:
402:
129:External IDs
72:
3080:PDB gallery
1974:J. Exp. Med
1458:spermatozoa
1396:heterodimer
1357:MRN complex
699:nucleoplasm
443:left testis
368:29,863,965
355:29,833,764
267:37,394,734
254:37,353,979
107:Identifiers
3132:Categories
2023:PLOS Genet
1561:, May 2017
1540:, May 2017
1516:References
1464:by way of
1441:component
1392:Ku protein
1229:FHA domain
845:DNA repair
815:cell cycle
704:chromosome
413:(ortholog)
150:HomoloGene
2504:205477344
2476:BioEssays
2439:Structure
2347:FEBS Lett
1439:chromatin
1288:chromatin
1276:mutations
1126:NP_067394
1105:NP_898901
1101:NP_003949
1075:NM_021419
1054:NM_183078
1050:NM_003958
880:Orthologs
729:cytoplasm
158:GeneCards
3042:18006705
2983:16189514
2945:15231747
2902:14981089
2867:11322894
2728:14981089
2687:18337245
2646:27935042
2605:18678709
2556:25921528
2526:Cell Rep
2496:28133776
2461:11591342
2420:26903517
2369:28194753
2328:27240470
2279:22531782
2230:18583988
2200:EMBO Rep
2181:16377563
2140:18001824
2055:23382699
2004:20385750
1952:18403632
1911:22266820
1862:19797077
1808:23115235
1752:20080757
1557:–
1536:–
1504:See also
1494:interact
1478:germline
1239:/UBCH6,
1219:Function
1174:Wikidata
859:Sources:
709:telomere
3033:2430610
3012:Bibcode
3004:Science
2991:4427026
2963:Bibcode
2832:9373149
2803:8889548
2768:8125298
2596:2500133
2547:4431666
2411:4850281
2319:4936662
2270:3365417
2221:2442910
2099:9488723
2046:3561120
1995:2867283
1902:3888515
1853:2753161
1799:3527981
1743:2818930
1720:Bibcode
1676:9852682
1635:9734811
1559:Ensembl
1538:Ensembl
1470:meiosis
1466:mitosis
1443:histone
1398:of two
1319:histone
1292:relaxed
1227:and an
992:UniProt
947:Ensembl
886:Species
865:QuickGO
724:cytosol
719:nucleus
714:midbody
388:pattern
146:1929069
114:Aliases
3124:(MeSH)
3040:
3030:
2989:
2981:
2955:Nature
2943:
2936:442147
2933:
2900:
2865:
2830:
2801:
2766:
2726:
2685:
2644:
2603:
2593:
2554:
2544:
2502:
2494:
2459:
2418:
2408:
2367:
2326:
2316:
2277:
2267:
2249:EMBO J
2228:
2218:
2179:
2138:
2097:
2053:
2043:
2002:
1992:
1950:
1909:
1899:
1860:
1850:
1806:
1796:
1750:
1740:
1674:
1633:
1298:or by
1272:cancer
1245:UBE2E3
1243:, and
1241:UBE2E2
1237:UBE2E1
1206:enzyme
1204:is an
1160:search
1158:PubMed
1025:Q8VC56
1006:O76064
902:Entrez
559:BioGPS
505:zygote
246:6p21.2
138:611685
2987:S2CID
2500:S2CID
1496:with
1424:NEDD8
1365:Rad50
1361:Mre11
1304:PARP1
935:58230
895:Mouse
890:Human
861:Amigo
463:gonad
411:Mouse
404:Human
351:Start
286:Mouse
250:Start
183:Human
3098:2csw
3038:PMID
2979:PMID
2941:PMID
2898:PMID
2863:PMID
2828:PMID
2812:Gene
2799:PMID
2764:PMID
2748:Gene
2724:PMID
2683:PMID
2642:PMID
2601:PMID
2552:PMID
2492:PMID
2457:PMID
2416:PMID
2365:PMID
2324:PMID
2275:PMID
2226:PMID
2177:PMID
2159:Cell
2136:PMID
2118:Cell
2095:PMID
2051:PMID
2000:PMID
1948:PMID
1907:PMID
1858:PMID
1804:PMID
1748:PMID
1672:PMID
1631:PMID
1468:and
1408:Ku80
1406:and
1404:Ku70
1373:NBS1
1369:NBS1
1367:and
1342:NuRD
1338:CHD4
1334:MDC1
1330:NBS1
1326:MDC1
1317:The
1308:H2AX
1300:NHEJ
1213:gene
1210:RNF8
916:9025
394:Bgee
342:Band
303:Chr.
241:Band
200:Chr.
162:RNF8
154:2944
134:OMIM
121:RNF8
91:4WHV
87:4ORH
83:4AYC
79:2PIE
75:2CSW
56:RCSB
53:PDBe
22:RNF8
3028:PMC
3020:doi
3008:318
2971:doi
2959:437
2931:PMC
2923:doi
2888:doi
2884:279
2853:doi
2849:268
2820:doi
2816:200
2789:doi
2756:doi
2752:138
2714:doi
2710:279
2673:doi
2669:283
2632:doi
2591:PMC
2583:doi
2579:182
2542:PMC
2534:doi
2484:doi
2447:doi
2406:PMC
2396:doi
2392:291
2355:doi
2351:591
2314:PMC
2306:doi
2265:PMC
2257:doi
2216:PMC
2208:doi
2167:doi
2163:123
2126:doi
2122:131
2085:doi
2081:273
2041:PMC
2031:doi
1990:PMC
1982:doi
1978:207
1938:doi
1897:PMC
1889:doi
1848:PMC
1840:doi
1836:186
1794:PMC
1784:doi
1780:287
1738:PMC
1728:doi
1716:107
1662:doi
1621:doi
1420:DNA
1416:end
1296:HRR
364:End
263:End
166:OMA
142:MGI
46:PDB
3134::
3036:.
3026:.
3018:.
3006:.
3002:.
2985:.
2977:.
2969:.
2957:.
2939:.
2929:.
2919:14
2917:.
2913:.
2896:.
2882:.
2878:.
2861:.
2847:.
2843:.
2826:.
2814:.
2797:.
2783:.
2779:.
2762:.
2750:.
2722:.
2708:.
2704:.
2681:.
2667:.
2663:.
2640:.
2628:93
2626:.
2622:.
2599:.
2589:.
2577:.
2573:.
2550:.
2540:.
2530:11
2528:.
2524:.
2512:^
2498:.
2490:.
2480:39
2478:.
2455:.
2441:.
2437:.
2414:.
2404:.
2390:.
2386:.
2363:.
2349:.
2345:.
2322:.
2312:.
2302:14
2300:.
2296:.
2273:.
2263:.
2253:31
2251:.
2247:.
2224:.
2214:.
2202:.
2198:.
2175:.
2161:.
2157:.
2134:.
2120:.
2116:.
2093:.
2079:.
2075:.
2063:^
2049:.
2039:.
2025:.
2021:.
1998:.
1988:.
1976:.
1972:.
1960:^
1946:.
1932:.
1928:.
1905:.
1895:.
1885:19
1883:.
1879:.
1856:.
1846:.
1834:.
1830:.
1816:^
1802:.
1792:.
1778:.
1774:.
1760:^
1746:.
1736:.
1726:.
1714:.
1710:.
1684:^
1670:.
1658:43
1656:.
1652:.
1629:.
1615:.
1611:.
1592:.
1574:.
1545:^
1524:^
1500:.
1435:UV
1402:,
1363:,
1344:.
863:/
370:bp
357:bp
269:bp
256:bp
164:;
160::
156:;
152::
148:;
144::
140:;
136::
89:,
85:,
81:,
77:,
3073:e
3066:t
3059:v
3044:.
3022::
3014::
2993:.
2973::
2965::
2947:.
2925::
2904:.
2890::
2869:.
2855::
2834:.
2822::
2805:.
2791::
2785:6
2770:.
2758::
2730:.
2716::
2689:.
2675::
2648:.
2634::
2607:.
2585::
2558:.
2536::
2506:.
2486::
2463:.
2449::
2443:9
2422:.
2398::
2371:.
2357::
2330:.
2308::
2281:.
2259::
2232:.
2210::
2204:9
2183:.
2169::
2142:.
2128::
2101:.
2087::
2057:.
2033::
2027:9
2006:.
1984::
1954:.
1940::
1934:6
1913:.
1891::
1864:.
1842::
1810:.
1786::
1754:.
1730::
1722::
1695:.
1678:.
1664::
1637:.
1623::
1617:5
1596:.
1578:.
288:)
185:)
168::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
