496:. NASA chose the RS-68 because of its lower cost, about $ 20 million per engine including the cost of NASA's upgrades. The upgrades included a different ablative nozzle to accommodate a longer burn, a shorter start sequence, hardware changes to limit free hydrogen at ignition, and a reduction in the amount of helium used during countdown and flight. Thrust and specific impulse increases would occur under a separate upgrade program for the Delta IV rocket. Later, the Ares V was changed to use six RS-68 engines, designated the RS-68B. Ares V was dropped as part of the cancellation of the
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40:
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RS-68B was a proposed upgrade to be used in the Ares V launch vehicle for NASA's
Constellation program. The Ares V was to use six RS-68B engines on a 10 metres (33 ft) diameter core stage, along with two 5.5-segment solid rocket boosters. It was later determined that the ablative nozzle of the
540:
RS-68A is an improved version. It produces 705,000 lbf (3,140 kN) thrust at sea level and 800,000 lbf (3,560 kN) thrust in a vacuum. Its specific impulse in a vacuum is 411.9 seconds (4.039 km/s). Certification was completed in April
397:
Space
Shuttle Main Engine (SSME). The adverse consequences of this simplicity were a significantly lower thrust-to-weight ratio and a 10% lower specific impulse compared to the SSME. The benefit of this simplicity is the RS-68's reduced construction cost.
838:
Currently, the RS-68 engine can deliver more than 660,000 pounds of sea level thrust and the upgraded RS-68A will increase this to more than 700,000 pounds. The RS-68A also improves on the specific impulse, or fuel efficiency, of the
392:
One of the main goals of the RS-68 program was to produce a simple engine that would be cost-effective when used for a single launch. To achieve this, the RS-68 has 80% fewer parts than the multi-launch
1044:
473:
The RS-68A is an updated version of the RS-68, with increased specific impulse and thrust (to over 700,000 pounds-force (3,100 kN) at sea level). The first launch on 29 June 2012, from the
462:) in a vacuum and 663,000 pounds-force (2,950 kN) at sea level. The engine's mass was 14,560 pounds (6,600 kg). With this thrust, the engine had a thrust-to-weight ratio of 51.2 and a
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520:. NASA has stated that those changes include health monitoring, removal of the fuel-rich environment at liftoff, and improving the robustness of its subsystems.
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launch system. Two versions of the engine have been produced: the original RS-68 and the improved RS-68A. A third version, the RS-68B, was planned for the
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987:
2712:
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852:"United Launch Alliance Upgraded Delta IV Heavy rocket successfully Launches Second Payload in Nine Days for the National Reconnaissance Office"
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736:
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555:
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RS-68 was poorly suited to this multi-engine environment, causing reduced engine efficiency and extreme heating at the base of the vehicle.
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engines were developed and tested for the Apollo missions to the Moon. The initial testing of the RS-68 occurred at the
194:
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368:). Development started in the 1990s with the goal of producing a simpler, less costly, heavy-lift engine for the
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of 410 seconds (4.0 km/s) in a vacuum and 365 seconds (3.58 km/s) at sea level. The RS-68 was
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667:"ATK Propulsion and Composite Technologies Help Launch National Reconnaissance Office Satellite"
492:
In 2006, NASA announced an intention to use five RS-68 engines instead of SSMEs on the planned
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1205:. 38th Joint Liquid Propulsion Conference. Indianapolis, Indiana: AIAA. Archived from
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872:(Press release). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 18 May 2006.
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In 2008, it was reported that the RS-68 needed over 200 changes to receive a
1989:
409:, California, where the SSME was manufactured. It was designed to power the
484:
The RS-68 was retired as of the last Delta IV Heavy flight in April 2024.
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hydraulically and was capable of throttling between 58% and 102% thrust.
421:
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369:
262:
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2580:* Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations
440:. The RS-68 was certified in December 2001 for use on Delta IV rockets.
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737:"Boeing Delta IV CBC/RS-68 Engine Successfully Completes Test Program"
17:
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1164:"The engines that refused to retire – RS-25s prepare for SLS testing"
585:
493:
467:
416:(EELV). The initial development engines were assembled at the nearby
377:
27:
A large hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine that powers the Delta IV rocket
1019:
Bearden, David A.; Skratt, John P.; Hart, Matthew J. (1 June 2009).
980:"United Launch Alliance First RS-68A Hot-Fire Engine Test a Success"
826:"United Launch Alliance First RS-68A Hot-Fire Engine Test a Success"
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1077:"P&W Successfully Completes Hot-Fire Test on 2nd RS-68A Certi"
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953:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from
901:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from
353:. It was the largest hydrogen-fueled rocket engine ever flown.
2480:
2475:
2470:
2460:
1050:. Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. October 2005. Archived from
175:
1026:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 8.
828:(Press release). United Launch Alliance. 25 September 2008
500:
in 2010. NASA's current successor heavy-lift vehicle, the
761:(Press release). Boeing. 19 December 2001. Archived from
1021:"Human Rated Delta IV Heavy Study Constellation Impacts"
854:(Press release). United Launch Alliance. 29 June 2012.
759:"Rocketdyne RS-68 Engine Certified for Boeing Delta IV"
691:"AIAA 2002-4324, Propulsion for the 21st Century—RS-68"
1004:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ESMD.
44:
An RS-68 engine undergoing hot-fire testing at NASA's
380:
rocket before the cancellation of the rocket and the
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529:RS-68 is the original version. It produces 663,000
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356:Designed and manufactured in the United States by
2612:
1232:
374:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
8:
2930:Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle
870:"NASA's Exploration Systems Progress Report"
711:"Boeing Tests RS-68 Rocket Engine (Apr. 24)"
686:
684:
603:
601:
32:
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1913:
1637:
1295:
1286:
1239:
1225:
1217:
447:. The largest of the launch vehicles, the
38:
2713:Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle
2920:Rocket engines using hydrogen propellant
1002:"Frequently Asked Questions, question 3"
777:"Atlas V and Delta IV Technical Summary"
182:
899:"Overview: Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle"
893:
891:
807:Boeing white paper on RS-68 development
794:"United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy"
597:
477:used three RS-68A engines mounted in a
2842:Exploration Systems Architecture Study
1033:from the original on 28 February 2017.
677:from the original on 22 February 2014.
137:
31:
1202:Propulsion for the 21st Century—RS-68
1112:. United Launch Alliance. June 2013.
1008:from the original on 12 January 2010.
640:. United Launch Alliance. June 2013.
7:
2892:
1270:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
1174:from the original on 30 August 2017.
858:from the original on 20 August 2016.
556:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
451:, used three CBCs mounted together.
2935:Rocket engines of the United States
990:from the original on 28 March 2018.
926:"Obama signs Nasa up to new future"
739:(Press release). Boeing. 9 May 2001
443:An RS-68 was part of each Delta IV
1139:"RS-68A | L3Harris® Fast. Forward"
924:Amos, Jonathan (11 October 2010).
436:, California, and later at NASA's
25:
1119:from the original on 10 July 2014
1087:from the original on 25 July 2011
876:from the original on 5 April 2012
647:from the original on 10 July 2014
615:from the original on 20 July 2014
414:Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle
405:Propulsion and Power, located in
307:2.43 m (8 ft 0 in)
2891:
2880:
2879:
2281:
475:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
323:: 6,740 kg (14,870 lb)
318:: 6,600 kg (14,560 lb)
286:: 411.9 s (4.039 km/s)
234:: 3,137 kN (705,000 lb
225:: 2,950 kN (660,000 lb
1189:Aerojet Rocketdyne's RS-68 page
948:"Space Launch System Factsheet"
267:1,488 psi (10.26 MPa)
48:during its developmental phase.
2857:NASA Authorization Act of 2005
2821:Max Launch Abort System (MLAS)
362:Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
112:Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
1:
2066:RD-0202 to 0206, 0208 to 0213
1194:RS-68 page on Astronautix.com
430:Air Force Research Laboratory
418:Santa Susana Field Laboratory
2837:Vision for Space Exploration
454:The engine produced 758,000
281:: 410 s (4.0 km/s)
401:The RS-68 was developed at
2951:
611:. United Launch Alliance.
518:human-rating certification
349:(LOX) as propellants in a
299:5.20 m (17.1 ft)
65:20 November 2002
2875:
2816:Launch Abort System (LAS)
2672:
2634:
2576:
2279:
1265:
1045:"RS-68 Propulsion System"
333:(Rocket System-68) was a
37:
2852:Constellation Space Suit
2734:Crew Exploration Vehicle
407:Canoga Park, Los Angeles
2111:RD-250 to 252, 261, 262
1107:"Delta IV User's Guide"
700:. AIAA, 8–10 July 2002.
635:"Delta IV User's Guide"
581:Space Launch Initiative
2795:Mission Control Center
566:National Launch System
537:) thrust at sea level.
434:Edwards Air Force Base
388:Design and development
244:Thrust-to-weight ratio
108:Rocketdyne (2002–2005)
80:9 April 2024
2628:Constellation program
2587:are under development
1975:YF-20, 21, 22, 24, 25
1754:RD-107, 108, 117, 118
986:. 27 September 2008.
812:15 April 2007 at the
696:19 March 2009 at the
498:Constellation program
382:Constellation Program
2862:Augustine Commission
2790:Kennedy Space Center
905:on 26 September 2008
438:Stennis Space Center
46:Stennis Space Center
2076:RD-0216, 0217, 0235
1739:RD-0107, 0108, 0110
1199:Wood, B.K. (2002).
1168:nasaspaceflight.com
984:NASAspaceflight.com
765:on 10 October 2012.
673:. 19 January 2009.
671:Alliant Techsystems
561:M-1 (rocket engine)
502:Space Launch System
445:Common Booster Core
351:gas-generator cycle
34:
2925:Rocketdyne engines
366:Aerojet Rocketdyne
335:liquid-fuel rocket
166:Liquid-fuel engine
131:First stage engine
118:Aerojet Rocketdyne
2907:
2906:
2811:Orion abort modes
2783:Ground facilities
2762:Launch Complex 39
2594:
2593:
2536:Space Shuttle SRB
2277:
2276:
2215:
2214:
1905:
1904:
1627:
1626:
1212:on 19 March 2009.
715:Defense Aerospace
669:(Press release).
508:engines instead.
337:engine that used
327:
326:
219:Thrust, sea-level
54:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
2942:
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2667:
2659:
2639:List of missions
2621:
2614:
2607:
2598:
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2121:RD-263, 268, 273
2052:along other LREs
1914:
1774:RD-191, 151, 181
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1143:www.l3harris.com
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464:specific impulse
273:Specific impulse
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2867:Artemis program
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2684:Launch vehicles
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2101:RD-0255 to 0257
2096:RD-0243 to 0245
1958:
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1057:on 14 July 2018
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814:Wayback Machine
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717:. 23 April 2001
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1726:
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1620:
1619:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1556:United States
1554:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1496:
1494:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1436:United States
1434:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1388:
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1373:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1354:
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1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1304:
1293:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1248:Rocket engines
1246:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1183:External links
1181:
1178:
1177:
1155:
1130:
1098:
1068:
1036:
1011:
993:
971:
960:on 13 May 2019
939:
916:
887:
861:
843:
817:
799:
785:
768:
750:
728:
702:
680:
658:
626:
596:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
583:
578:
573:
571:Rocketdyne J-2
568:
563:
558:
551:
548:
547:
546:
542:
538:
525:
522:
513:
510:
489:
486:
479:Delta IV Heavy
449:Delta IV Heavy
426:Rocketdyne F-1
389:
386:
342:
325:
324:
313:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
297:
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202:
198:
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173:
169:
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161:
158:
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151:Delta IV Heavy
140:
133:
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125:
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115:
109:
105:
103:
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93:
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63:
59:
58:
55:
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50:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2947:
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2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:Abort systems
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
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2760:
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2757:
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2599:
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2258:
2256:
2253:
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2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:RD-211 to 214
2233:
2231:
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2227:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2205:
2202:
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2197:
2194:
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2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:RD-215 to 219
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:RD-0233, 0234
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:RD-0207, 0214
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2050:Paektusan LRE
2048:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
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1760:
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1735:
1734:RD-0105, 0109
1732:
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1727:
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1705:
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1442:
1438:
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1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
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1421:
1419:
1418:KVD-1 (RD-56)
1416:
1415:
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1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
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1393:
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1208:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1170:. June 2013.
1169:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1115:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1086:
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1007:
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994:
989:
985:
981:
975:
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949:
943:
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917:
904:
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894:
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888:
875:
871:
865:
862:
857:
853:
847:
844:
840:
827:
821:
818:
815:
811:
808:
803:
800:
795:
789:
786:
778:
772:
769:
764:
760:
754:
751:
738:
732:
729:
716:
712:
706:
703:
699:
695:
692:
687:
685:
681:
676:
672:
668:
662:
659:
643:
636:
630:
627:
614:
610:
604:
602:
598:
591:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
549:
543:
539:
536:
532:
528:
527:
523:
521:
519:
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
488:Proposed uses
487:
485:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
399:
396:
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
347:liquid oxygen
340:
336:
332:
322:
317:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
280:
277:
274:
270:
266:
264:
259:
255:
250:
247:
245:
241:
233:
224:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
201:Configuration
199:
196:
195:Gas-generator
193:
189:
185:
177:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
141:
134:
130:
126:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
79:
75:
64:
60:
57:United States
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2897:
2885:
2755:Launch sites
2648:Test flights
2584:
2125:
2046:North Korea
1817:
1810:
1778:
1706:
1694:
1687:
1665:
1614:
1607:
1595:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1468:
1446:
1439:
1427:
1405:
1348:
1341:
1252:solid motors
1207:the original
1201:
1167:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1080:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1052:the original
1039:
1014:
996:
983:
974:
962:. Retrieved
955:the original
942:
930:. Retrieved
919:
909:30 September
907:. Retrieved
903:the original
878:. Retrieved
864:
846:
837:
830:. Retrieved
820:
802:
788:
771:
763:the original
753:
741:. Retrieved
731:
719:. Retrieved
714:
705:
661:
649:. Retrieved
629:
617:. Retrieved
533:(2,950
531:pounds-force
515:
512:Human-rating
504:, uses four
491:
483:
472:
458:(3,370
456:pounds-force
453:
442:
400:
391:
355:
330:
328:
320:
315:
283:
278:
253:
248:
231:
222:
206:Nozzle ratio
146:
102:Manufacturer
62:First flight
29:
2583:Engines in
2230:RD-109, 119
2168:RD-864, 869
2153:RD-854, 861
2116:RD-253, 275
1764:RD-170, 171
1081:asdnews.com
214:Performance
136:Associated
128:Application
120:(2013–2024)
114:(2005–2013)
77:Last flight
2914:Categories
2727:Spacecraft
2666:(Oct 2009)
2658:(Jul 2009)
1970:YF-1, 2, 3
1918:Hypergolic
1890:Rutherford
1609:Prometheus
1571:Archimedes
1148:6 February
928:. BBC news
609:"DELTA IV"
592:References
420:where the
403:Rocketdyne
376:'s (NASA)
358:Rocketdyne
291:Dimensions
172:Propellant
96:Rocketdyne
84:2024-04-09
69:2002-11-20
2511:Castor 30
2391:Zefiro 40
2386:Zefiro 23
2327:SpaB-140C
1724:NK-33, 44
1634:cryogenic
1480:Methalox
1299:Hydrolox
1291:Cryogenic
384:in 2010.
2886:Category
2663:Ares I-X
2526:Orbus-21
2381:Zefiro 9
2144:Ukraine
1922:Aerozine
1910:Storable
1802:Ukraine
1744:RD-0110R
1641:Kerolox
1172:Archived
1114:Archived
1091:25 April
1085:Archived
1028:Archived
1006:Archived
988:Archived
874:Archived
856:Archived
832:10 April
810:Archived
694:Archived
675:Archived
642:Archived
613:Archived
550:See also
524:Variants
481:rocket.
468:gimbaled
432:(AFRL),
422:Saturn V
411:Delta IV
370:Delta IV
312:Dry mass
304:Diameter
275:, vacuum
263:pressure
261:Chamber
256:: 47.4:1
251:: 45.3:1
143:Delta IV
92:Designer
2898:Commons
2718:Jupiter
2696:Ares IV
2585:italics
2546:Star 48
2541:Star 37
2521:Orbus-6
2442:Israel
2376:Waxwing
2332:Europe
2324:SpaB-65
2226:Russia
2091:RD-0237
2086:RD-0236
2057:Russia
2036:Israel
1996:Europe
1840:Kestrel
1786:S1.5400
1749:RD-0124
1715:Russia
1708:SCE-200
1604:Europe
1597:RD-0169
1592:Russia
1518:Longyun
1511:Lingyun
1429:RD-0146
1423:RD-0120
1414:Russia
1371:Vulcain
1357:Europe
1280:Liquid
1256:orbital
1123:13 July
1061:7 April
743:26 June
721:26 June
651:13 July
619:13 July
360:(later
160:Retired
82: (
67: (
2847:DIRECT
2746:Altair
2701:Ares V
2691:Ares I
2501:AJ-60A
2466:KM-V2b
2457:Japan
2431:Salman
2397:India
2371:Topaze
2336:Mage 1
2301:China
2292:Solid
2199:TR-201
2163:RD-856
2158:RD-855
2148:RD-843
2138:S5.98M
2127:RD-270
2021:India
2015:Viking
2005:Astris
2000:Aestus
1990:YF-50D
1966:China
1875:RS-27A
1865:Merlin
1855:LR-105
1819:RD-810
1812:RD-801
1796:TEPREL
1792:Spain
1780:RD-193
1769:RD-180
1759:RD-120
1703:India
1696:Welkin
1689:YF-130
1683:YF-115
1678:YF-102
1673:YF-100
1657:China
1585:Aeon R
1578:Aeon 1
1565:Raptor
1549:YF-215
1542:YF-209
1535:TQ-15A
1499:China
1392:Japan
1381:CE-7.5
1377:India
1332:YF-75D
1318:China
964:7 June
932:7 June
880:30 May
839:RS-68.
586:TR-106
494:Ares V
378:Ares V
345:) and
321:RS-68A
296:Length
284:RS-68A
254:RS-68A
232:RS-68A
209:21.5:1
157:Status
147:·
145:
18:RS-68A
2739:Orion
2566:X-254
2561:X-248
2551:UA120
2531:Orion
2506:Algol
2491:SRB-A
2486:M-34c
2461:KM-V1
2451:RSA-3
2427:Iran
2320:FG-47
2315:FG-46
2310:FG-36
2305:FG-02
2266:XLR81
2260:RS-88
2255:Curie
2245:Gamma
2220:Other
2204:XLR81
2193:RS-88
2188:LR-91
2183:LR-87
2133:S5.92
2061:17D61
2030:Vikas
2010:Vexin
1985:YF-40
1980:YF-23
1953:, or
1933:, or
1927:UH 25
1895:XLR50
1880:RS-56
1870:RS-27
1850:LR-89
1845:LR-79
1729:RD-58
1719:NK-15
1667:TH-12
1661:TH-11
1632:Semi-
1529:TQ-12
1524:TQ-11
1504:BF-20
1469:RS-68
1464:RS-25
1441:BE-3U
1386:CE-20
1366:Vinci
1350:YF-90
1343:YF-79
1337:YF-77
1327:YF-75
1322:YF-73
1210:(doc)
1117:(PDF)
1110:(PDF)
1055:(PDF)
1048:(PDF)
1031:(PDF)
1024:(PDF)
958:(PDF)
951:(PDF)
780:(PDF)
645:(PDF)
638:(PDF)
576:RS-83
541:2011.
506:RS-25
395:RS-25
331:RS-68
316:RS-68
279:RS-68
249:RS-68
223:RS-68
191:Cycle
149:
33:RS-68
2706:Lite
2655:MLAS
2556:SRMU
2481:M-34
2476:M-24
2471:M-14
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2416:S139
2366:P230
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2294:fuel
2178:AJ10
2040:LK-4
1935:UDMH
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1560:BE-4
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1448:BE-7
1407:LE-9
1401:LE-7
1396:LE-5
1361:HM7B
1282:fuel
1254:for
1250:and
1150:2024
1125:2014
1093:2018
1063:2019
966:2019
934:2019
911:2008
882:2006
834:2023
745:2023
723:2023
653:2014
621:2014
364:and
329:The
2516:GEM
2411:S12
2356:P80
2351:PAP
2346:P-6
2341:P-4
2241:UK
2025:PS4
1955:HNO
1951:MON
1931:MMH
1835:H-1
1830:F-1
1649:LOX
1491:LOX
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