692:
924:, while the Higgs arises from a 10 dimensional vector representation. In order to make an SO(10) invariant coupling, one must have an even number of spinor fields (i.e. there is a spinor parity). After GUT symmetry breaking, this spinor parity descends into R-parity so long as no spinor fields were used to break the GUT symmetry. Explicit examples of such SO(10) theories have been constructed.
741:
Because proton decay involves violating both lepton and baryon number simultaneously, no single renormalizable R-parity violating coupling leads to proton decay. This has motivated the study of R-parity violation where only one set of the R-parity violating couplings are non-zero which is sometimes
737:
is assumed the proton lifetime can be extended to 1 year. Since the proton lifetime is observed to be greater than 10 to 10 years (depending on the exact decay channel), this would highly disfavour the model. R-parity sets all of the renormalizable baryon and lepton number violating
53:
couplings in the theory. Since baryon number and lepton number conservation have been tested very precisely, these couplings need to be very small in order not to be in conflict with experimental data. R-parity is a
427:
604:
502:
860:(the supersymmetric partner of neutrino), which is odd under R-parity, develops a vacuum expectation value. It can be shown, on phenomenological grounds, that this cannot happen in any theory where
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couplings to zero and the proton is stable at the renormalizable level and the lifetime of the proton is increased to 10 years and is nearly consistent with current observational data.
730:
81:
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900:
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1709:
280:) cannot decay. This lightest particle (if it exists) may therefore account for the observed missing mass of the universe that is generally called
856:, then there exist an exactly conserved discrete remnant subgroup which has the desired properties. The crucial issue is to determine whether the
1423:
Farrar, G.R.; Fayet, P. (1978). "Phenomenology of the production, decay, and detection of new hadronic states associated with supersymmetry".
1682:
983:
38:
1349:
Farrar, G.R.; Weinberg, S. (1983). "Supersymmetry at ordinary energies. II. R invariance, Goldstone bosons, and gauge-fermion masses".
614:
The strongest constraint involving this coupling alone is the violation universality of Fermi constant in leptonic charged current decays.
313:
357:
920:. This natural occurrence of R-parity is possible because in SO(10) the Standard Model fermions arise from the 16 dimensional
1687:
277:
83:
symmetry acting on the
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) fields that forbids these couplings and can be defined as
548:
446:
264:
Note that there are different forms of parity with different effects and principles, one should not confuse this parity with
261:
is lepton number. All
Standard Model particles have R-parity of +1 while supersymmetric particles have R-parity of −1.
679:
While the constraints on single couplings are reasonably strong, if multiple couplings are combined together, they lead to
1570:
Aulakh, C.S.; Bajc, B.; Melfo, A.; Senjanović, G.; Vissani, F. (2004). "The minimal supersymmetric grand unified theory".
1275:
Fayet, P. (1975). "Supergauge invariant extension of the Higgs mechanism and a model for the electron and its neutrino".
620:
167:
89:
756:
continuous gauge symmetry which is spontaneously broken at a scale inaccessible to current experiments. A continuous
1515:
Aulakh, C.S.; Bajc, B.; Melfo, A.; Rašin, A.; Senjanović, G. (2001). "SO(10) theory of R-parity and neutrino mass".
1386:
Fayet, P. (1977). "Spontaneously broken supersymmetric theories of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions".
1704:
848:
is only broken by scalar vacuum expectation values (or other order parameters) that carry even integer values of
1460:
Aulakh, C.S.; Melfo, A.; Rašin, A.; Senjanović, G. (1998). "Supersymmetry and large scale left-right symmetry".
734:
683:. Thus there are further maximal bounds on values of the couplings from maximal bounds on proton decay rate.
733:
couplings for the R-parity violating couplings, the proton can decay in approximately 10 seconds or if
513:
1060:
Mohapatra, R.N. (1986). "New contributions to neutrinoless double-beta decay in supersymmetric theories".
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The strongest constraint involving this coupling alone is that it leads to a large neutrino mass.
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1223:
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Martin, S.P. (1996). "Implications of supersymmetric models with natural R-parity conservation".
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The strongest constraint involving this coupling alone is the violation universality of
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The strongest constraint involving this coupling alone is from the non-observation of
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Salam, A.; Strathdee, J. (1975). "Supersymmetry and fermion-number conservation".
1007:
Jungman, G.; Kamionkowski, M.; Griest, K. (1996). "Supersymmetric dark matter".
903:
438:
340:
319:
Typically the dark matter candidate of the MSSM is a mixture of the electroweak
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281:
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284:. In order to fit observations, it is assumed that this particle has a mass of
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328:
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910:. As a consequence, in such theories R-parity remains exact at all energies.
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17:
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320:
1149:
Martin, S.P. (1992). "Some simple criteria for gauged R parity".
1628:
Barbier, R.; et al. (2005). "R-parity violating supersymmetry".
914:
276:
With R-parity being preserved, the lightest supersymmetric particle (
690:
422:{\displaystyle \int d^{2}\theta \;\lambda _{1}\;U^{c}D^{c}D^{c}}
351:
The renormalizable R-parity violating couplings of the MSSM are
708:
698:
Without baryon and lepton number being conserved and taking
1107:"Does proton stability imply the existence of an extra Z?"
335:
be the dark matter candidate. Another possibility is the
599:{\displaystyle \int d^{2}\theta \;\lambda _{3}\;LE^{c}L}
497:{\displaystyle \int d^{2}\theta \;\lambda _{2}\;QD^{c}L}
906:
one. This is true in any theory based on a large-scale
952:
Martin, S. P. (6 Sep 2011). "A Supersymmetry Primer".
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This phenomenon can arise as an automatic symmetry in
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812:
762:
750:
A very attractive way to motivate R-parity is with a
705:
623:
551:
521:
449:
360:
331:. In extensions to the MSSM it is possible to have a
170:
92:
60:
954:
Advanced Series on
Directions in High Energy Physics
894:
840:
790:
724:
661:{\displaystyle \int d^{2}\theta \;\kappa \;LH_{u}}
660:
598:
534:
496:
421:
235:{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {R} }=(-1)^{3(B-L)+2s},}
234:
150:
75:
27:Discrete symmetry in certain supersymmetric models
742:called the single coupling dominance hypothesis.
151:{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {R} }=(-1)^{3B+L+2s},}
542:in quark and leptonic charged current decays.
8:
1105:Font, A.; Ibáñez, L.E.; Quevedo, F. (1989).
798:forbids renormalizable terms which violate
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347:R-parity violating couplings of the MSSM
304:, is neutral and only interacts through
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343:and does not require strict R-parity.
49:are no longer conserved by all of the
39:Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
7:
902:is broken at a scale much above the
1710:Supersymmetric quantum field theory
314:weakly interacting massive particle
177:
99:
25:
725:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}(1)}
439:neutron–antineutron oscillations.
76:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
1604:10.1016/j.physletb.2004.03.031
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1:
1660:10.1016/j.physrep.2005.08.006
1549:10.1016/S0550-3213(00)00721-5
1447:10.1016/0370-2693(78)90858-4
1410:10.1016/0370-2693(77)90852-8
1336:10.1016/0550-3213(75)90253-9
1299:10.1016/0550-3213(75)90636-7
1136:10.1016/0370-2693(89)90529-7
1039:10.1016/0370-1573(95)00058-5
746:Possible origins of R-parity
339:, which only interacts via
1726:
1494:10.1103/PhysRevD.58.115007
976:10.1142/9789812839657_0001
895:{\displaystyle U(1)_{B-L}}
841:{\displaystyle U(1)_{B-L}}
791:{\displaystyle U(1)_{B-L}}
341:gravitational interactions
310:gravitational interactions
1183:10.1103/PhysRevD.46.R2769
1679:"R-parity violating ..."
1668:"R-parity violating ..."
1373:10.1103/PhysRevD.27.2732
1246:10.1103/PhysRevD.54.2340
1084:10.1103/PhysRevD.34.3457
735:minimal flavor violation
312:. It is often called a
918:grand unified theories
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423:
257:is baryon number, and
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152:
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922:spinor representation
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535:{\displaystyle G_{F}}
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272:Dark matter candidate
237:
161:or, equivalently, as
153:
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1671:xstructure.inr.ac.ru
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58:
1652:2005PhR...420....1B
1596:2004PhLB..588..196A
1541:2001NuPhB.597...89A
1486:1998PhRvD..58k5007A
1439:1978PhLB...76..575F
1402:1977PhLB...69..489F
1365:1983PhRvD..27.2732F
1328:1975NuPhB..87...85S
1291:1975NuPhB..90..104F
1238:1996PhRvD..54.2340M
1175:1992PhRvD..46.2769M
1128:1989PhLB..228...79F
1076:1986PhRvD..34.3457M
1031:1996PhR...267..195J
1159:(7): R2769–R2772.
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1573:Physics Letters B
1518:Nuclear Physics B
1463:Physical Review D
1426:Physics Letters B
1389:Physics Letters B
1352:Physical Review D
1315:Nuclear Physics B
1278:Nuclear Physics B
1215:Physical Review D
1152:Physical Review D
1115:Physics Letters B
1070:(11): 3457–3461.
1063:Physical Review D
985:978-981-02-3553-6
306:weak interactions
16:(Redirected from
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1705:Particle physics
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1686:. Archived from
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1580:(3–4): 196–202.
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1690:on 2010-05-28.
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1622:External links
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1359:(11): 2732.
1356:
1350:
1344:
1322:(1): 85–92.
1319:
1313:
1307:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1122:(1): 79–88.
1119:
1113:
1100:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1012:
1008:
1002:
957:
953:
947:
912:
749:
740:
697:
687:Proton decay
681:proton decay
678:
675:
613:
511:
436:
350:
318:
299:
289:
275:
263:
244:
160:
30:
29:
1285:: 104–124.
904:electroweak
282:dark matter
1699:Categories
1433:(5): 575.
940:References
934:R-symmetry
329:neutralino
1612:119401374
1557:119100803
1047:119067698
994:118973381
885:−
858:sneutrino
831:−
781:−
672:by 1 unit
668:violates
642:κ
638:θ
625:∫
610:by 1 unit
606:violates
571:λ
566:θ
553:∫
508:by 1 unit
504:violates
469:λ
464:θ
451:∫
433:by 1 unit
429:violates
380:λ
375:θ
362:∫
337:gravitino
333:sneutrino
325:Higgsinos
316:or WIMP.
286:100
210:−
190:−
112:−
37:. In the
1502:43296921
1254:10020912
1199:14821065
1191:10015267
960:: 1–98.
928:See also
321:gauginos
31:R-parity
18:R parity
1648:Bibcode
1592:Bibcode
1537:Bibcode
1482:Bibcode
1435:Bibcode
1398:Bibcode
1361:Bibcode
1324:Bibcode
1287:Bibcode
1262:5751474
1234:Bibcode
1171:Bibcode
1124:Bibcode
1092:9957083
1072:Bibcode
1027:Bibcode
296:1
1610:
1555:
1500:
1260:
1252:
1197:
1189:
1090:
1045:
992:
982:
915:SO(10)
245:where
1638:arXiv
1608:S2CID
1582:arXiv
1553:S2CID
1527:arXiv
1498:S2CID
1472:arXiv
1258:S2CID
1224:arXiv
1195:S2CID
1161:arXiv
1110:(PDF)
1043:S2CID
1017:arXiv
990:S2CID
962:arXiv
852:B − L
806:. If
753:B − L
1683:FNAL
1250:PMID
1187:PMID
1088:PMID
980:ISBN
802:and
323:and
308:and
298:TeV/
288:GeV/
251:spin
45:and
1656:doi
1634:420
1600:doi
1578:588
1545:doi
1523:597
1490:doi
1443:doi
1406:doi
1369:doi
1332:doi
1295:doi
1242:doi
1179:doi
1132:doi
1120:228
1080:doi
1035:doi
1013:267
972:doi
294:to
278:LSP
249:is
1701::
1654:.
1646:.
1632:.
1606:.
1598:.
1590:.
1576:.
1551:.
1543:.
1535:.
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1488:.
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1429:.
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1394:69
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1367:.
1357:27
1355:.
1330:.
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1318:.
1293:.
1283:90
1281:.
1256:.
1248:.
1240:.
1232:.
1220:54
1218:.
1193:.
1185:.
1177:.
1169:.
1157:46
1155:.
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1112:.
1086:.
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1041:.
1033:.
1025:.
1011:.
988:.
978:.
970:.
958:18
956:.
850:3(
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41:,
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996:.
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874:1
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868:U
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828:B
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814:U
804:L
800:B
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778:B
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764:U
720:)
717:1
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709:O
670:L
654:u
650:H
646:L
633:2
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608:L
594:L
589:c
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575:3
561:2
557:d
528:F
524:G
506:L
492:L
487:c
483:D
479:Q
473:2
459:2
455:d
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415:c
411:D
405:c
401:D
395:c
391:U
384:1
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366:d
300:c
290:c
259:L
255:B
247:s
230:,
225:s
222:2
219:+
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207:B
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201:3
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193:1
187:(
184:=
178:R
173:P
146:,
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132:L
129:+
126:B
123:3
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115:1
109:(
106:=
100:R
95:P
69:2
64:Z
20:)
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