260:, Rachel published her first paper in 1911, "Calcite as a Primary Constituent of Igneous Rock". Active within the geology research community, Rachel attended the International Geological Congress in 1910 and 1913. At her attendance in 1913 at the Annual General Meeting of the Royal Geological Society an attempt was made to eject her; it did not succeed. As one of the many women to make great academic and social strides in the field of geology, Rachel played a key role in the formal integration of women as Fellows of the
235:
widow, albeit a rich one, with three boys aged five, seven and ten. Legal difficulties arose over the settlement of Sir
Alexander's will due to unrest in India combined with a lengthy acrimonious disagreement with tax inspectors in the UK. His British assets after the payment of death duties amounted to £264,000, the equivalent of over £13.7 million as of 2016. By 1920 Sir Alexander had built up a portfolio of six companies; he had amalgamated these to form the
161:
234:
Sir
Alexander was raised to a baronet at the beginning of 1922, choosing to be named Sir Alexander MacRobert of Cawnpore and Cromar of the County of Aberdeen. He returned to Scotland in April that year but was in poor health; he had a fatal heart attack on 22 June 1922 at Douneside. Rachel was left a
212:
The couple had three children, all boys: Alasdair, the eldest was born on 11 July 1912; Roderic on 8 May 1915; and the youngest, Iain, on 19 April 1917. The birth of the children did not curtail Sir
Alexander's commitment and time spent in India resulting in Rachel being left to care for the children
225:
as it is now known, were readily accepted and Rachel hosted luncheon parties for suffragette coordinators. When suffragettes were involved in violent protests in
Aberdeen during 1913 against the conditions imposed on women Rachel justified actions like explosives being thrown by stating: "Girls have
118:
when Rachel was five years old in 1889 claiming it would be beneficial to
William's "debilitating" health issues. Following the move, he made a prompt return to good health and the couple escalated their interests in travelling and exploring the world. Rachel and her brother were left in Dresden to
196:
in
Scotland and Sweden, publishing papers on the subject in 1911. She further enhanced her education by attending the Christiania Mineralogisk Institutet, undertaking a post-graduate research course. Her husband devoted most of his time continuing to build his conglomerate in India but eventually
119:
be cared for by nurses during their parents' frequent trips away. Siegfried died on 26 June 1893 after contracting pneumonia. Fanny's preference for travelling over the responsibilities of motherhood intensified a few months after the funeral and Rachel was despatched to
England to be educated at
52:, a wealthy self-made Scottish millionaire, and had three sons with him. He was endowed with a knighthood in 1910 and a baronetcy in 1922 but died later that year. Lady MacRobert's sons all pre-deceased her: the eldest in a flying accident in 1938, and the other two died in action during the
151:
as it is now known, where he had worked since early 1884. MacRobert received a knighthood in the New Year's
Honours list in 1910 by which time the pair had an established relationship; Rachel refused to attend the ceremony with him at Buckingham Palace declaring: "I will bow to no man."
146:
to working class parents. He left school when he was twelve but continued his education by attending evening classes. Thirty years older than Rachel, he was born in 1854; when they met he was a widower who had already made a significant fortune building up woollen mills in
Cawnpore, or
251:
During her academic career Rachel took a particular interest in glacial geomorphology and petrology. She studied the occurrence of calcite in the igneous rocks on the Alno Island of southern Norway, and also studied the petrography of
36:(23 March 1884 – 1 September 1954) was a geologist, cattle breeder and an active feminist. Born in Massachusetts to an influential family, she was educated in England and Scotland. She was elected to Fellowship of the
239:. After his death Rachel assumed the role of director, a position she held until her eldest son, Alasdair, became chairman in 1937. The three boys did not enjoy robust health; this led to Rachel founding a herd of
220:
Rachel's mother was a strong proponent of women's rights and the suffragette movement, an advocacy Rachel shared. Invitations to garden parties in support of the
National Union of Women Workers, or the
205:
in Aberdeenshire, which Sir Alexander had acquired in 1905 to complement the small farm he bought nearby in 1888. Rachel did reluctantly travel to India to attend ceremonial events like the
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and her husband William Hunter Workman; the couple also had a son, Siegfried, born in 1889. Fanny and William were well educated and from prominent, wealthy
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Pauly describes Bullock as one of the wealthiest persons in Massachusetts following receipt of the dowry from his wife, Elvira Hazard, the daughter of
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Rachel would not live there and referred to it as "that nasty land". While she was in India she continued her geological research at the
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114:, died in 1882 and the family fortune was further boosted by a significant bequest from William's father in 1885. The family moved to
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1883 for year of birth whereas Rachel's headstone at Douneside reads 23 March 1884, the same year stated by the MacRobert Trust.
82:
In 1943 she created the MacRobert Trust, a charity that continues to support the RAF among other institutions. It created the
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184:. Neither of Rachel's parents attended the ceremony. Marriage did not prevent her continuing her studies as she attended the
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138:. Rachel remained in contact with her parents and while returning to England from a trip to India with them in 1909 she met
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130:, an institution founded to provide a university education for women. In 1911 she graduated with a second class
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1168:
The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives from Ancient Times to the mid-20th Century
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139:
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49:
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201:. She soon predominantly divided her time between her studies, European travel and managing the estate at
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Strolling About on the Roof of the World: The First Hundred Years of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs
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It was when the baronetcy was awarded that Sir Alexander changed the spelling of McRobert to MacRobert.
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alone. Despite this, she managed to continue her scientific investigations undertaking research at the
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72:
172:" : an aircraft sponsored by Lady MacRobert in memory of her three sons killed in RAF service.
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in geology having spent a year, 1907 until 1908, undertaking a special study of the subject at the
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Fallen Giants: A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes
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Pauly infers the marriage was in 1912; the ceremony was reported in the New York Times in 1911.
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no sort of life under present social conditions and the wickedness of men at large".
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in Sweden and her first academic paper was published in 1911. She married
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40:, one of the first three women admitted. Her scientific studies included
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Game Faces: Five Early American Champions and the Sports They Changed
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dairy cattle at Douneside to produce better quality milk for them.
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20:
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International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950
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814:"National Union of Women Workers of Great Britain and Ireland"
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families. Fanny received a large inheritance when her father,
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Coronation Durbar, Delhi 1911: Official Directory with Maps
60:. On the death of her husband she became a director of the
1085:
Isserman, Maurice; Weaver, Stewart; Molenaar, Dee (2008),
934:, no. 21172, p. 6, 4 November 1922 – via
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in 1919. In 1938 she was elected as a life fellow of the
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in the Scottish borders which was published in 1914.
188:in London. While there she undertook research into
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377:, p. 137 (photo on opposite unnumbered page)
176:Rachel and MacRobert married on 7 July 1911 at a
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1233:Alumni of Royal Holloway, University of London
1109:The Making of the Geological Society of London
164:Propaganda poster showing crew embarking on a
142:. Commonly referred to as Mac, he was born in
1238:People educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College
1147:, vol. 3, Lewist Historical Publishing,
1107:Lewis, Cherry; Knell, Simon J. Knell (2009),
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707:, no. 53026, p. 8, 2 September 1954
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67:To commemorate her sons, Rachel paid for a
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890:, no. 43065, p. 11, 23 June 1922
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223:National Council of Women of Great Britain
927:"British estate valued at fully £260,000"
591:"The Man Behind the MacRobert Fortune",
1045:Farrington, Susan; Leach, Hugh (2003),
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86:for engineering, today awarded by the
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429:Pauly, Thomas H. (March–April 2012),
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7:
1268:20th-century British philanthropists
1223:People from Worcester, Massachusetts
536:Journal of the Royal Society of Arts
470:
458:
1145:History of Worcester and its People
593:Press & Journal (YL supplement)
256:, Scotland. Soon after her time at
247:Additional contributions to geology
64:, the conglomerate he had founded.
820:from the original on 25 March 2016
740:from the original on 15 March 2016
126:After Cheltenham, Rachel attended
16:Geologist and feminist (1884–1954)
14:
441:from the original on 4 March 2016
102:, Rachel was the eldest child of
1188:, University of Nebraska Press,
1111:, Geological Society of London,
1063:Haines, Catharine M. C. (2001),
1253:American emigrants to Scotland
121:The Cheltenham Ladies' College
1:
1258:American emigrants to England
635:Farrington & Leach (2003)
431:"Vita: Fanny Bullock Workman"
306:, the gunpowder manufacturer.
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886:"Death of Sir A. McRobert",
595:, pp. 4–6, 5 March 2016
262:Geological Society of London
88:Royal Academy of Engineering
38:Geological Society of London
1017:Ogilvie & Harvey (2000)
1289:
98:Born on 23 March 1884, in
1243:Scottish women geologists
1184:Pauly, Thomas H. (2012),
1093:, Yale University Press,
949:"UK inflation calculator"
936:British Newspaper Archive
237:British India Corporation
94:Background and early life
62:British India Corporation
1248:Scottish philanthropists
1170:, New York: Routeledge,
1029:Lewis & Knell (2009)
100:Worcester, Massachusetts
1125:Miller, Marion (2014),
542:(4934): 875–876, 1954,
140:Sir Alexander MacRobert
136:University of Edinburgh
50:Sir Alexander MacRobert
1143:Nutt, Charles (1919),
304:Augustus George Hazard
209:in mid-December 1911.
173:
128:Royal Holloway College
30:Rachel, Lady MacRobert
26:
736:, Historic Scotland,
266:Royal Society of Arts
163:
104:Fanny Bullock Workman
24:
1273:People from Tarland
663:"Miss Workman weds"
156:Marriage and family
1127:Cawnpore to Cromar
864:, pp. 117–118
703:"Lady MacRobert",
667:The New York Times
174:
27:
1263:Wives of baronets
1195:978-0-8032-3817-6
1136:978-1-909238-09-1
1118:978-1-86239-277-9
1100:978-0-300-11501-7
1078:978-1-57607-090-1
951:, Bank of England
760:, pp. 87–88.
734:"Alastrean House"
390:, MacRobert Trust
388:"About the Trust"
199:Kolar Gold Fields
180:Meeting House in
170:MacRobert's Reply
77:Hawker Hurricanes
73:MacRobert's Reply
56:serving with the
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686:Pauly (2012)
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534:"Obituary",
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500:, p. 36
498:Pauly (2012)
483:Pauly (2012)
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392:, retrieved
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230:Middle years
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207:Delhi Durbar
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75:", and four
66:
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28:
18:
1218:1954 deaths
1213:1884 births
1164:Harvey, Joy
903:, p. 9
471:Nutt (1919)
459:Nutt (1919)
254:Eildon Hill
108:New England
1207:Categories
1177:0415920388
272:References
194:mineralogy
46:mineralogy
888:The Times
705:The Times
332:Citations
190:petrology
112:Alexander
42:petrology
1166:(2000),
824:18 March
818:archived
744:18 March
738:archived
548:41365797
445:12 March
439:archived
394:12 March
241:Friesian
168:bomber "
144:Aberdeen
1153:3257562
203:Tarland
116:Dresden
34:Workman
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1097:
1075:
1053:
546:
178:Quaker
149:Kanpur
32:, née
955:3 May
544:JSTOR
277:Notes
1190:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1149:OCLC
1131:ISBN
1113:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1051:ISBN
957:2017
826:2016
746:2016
447:2016
396:2016
192:and
182:York
44:and
540:102
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1162:;
930:,
781:^
713:^
693:^
678:^
665:,
654:^
613:^
579:^
538:,
526:^
505:^
490:^
437:,
433:,
403:^
351:^
291:c.
268:.
123:.
90:.
79:.
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