31:
239:). It is often cleft at the tip, implying that it may be a double structure derived from the union of two separate organs. This has led to suggestions that it may be what remains of the grass sepals (outer perianth whorl): specifically the two adaxial members of the three membered whorl typical of
369:
Prasad, K, et al. (2005) OsMADS1, a rice MADS-box factor, controls differentiation of specific cell types in the lemma and palea and is an early-acting regulator of inner floral organs. The Plant
Journal 43,
319:
34:
Parts of a single grass spikelet, consisting of two glumes, four fertile florets, with one additional central floret that may or may not be sterile
176:, which are chaffy bracts at the base of each spikelet. It is usually interpreted as a bract but it has also been interpreted as one remnant (the
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The lemmas' shape, their number of veins, whether they are awned or not, and the presence or absence of hairs are particularly important
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is the structure that consists of between one and three small scales at the base of the ovary in a grass flower that represent the
243:. The third member may be absent or it may be represented by the lemma, according to different botanical interpretations.
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119:, that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals.
103:, followed by one or more florets. A floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external (the
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The palea is the uppermost of the two chaff-like bracts that enclose the grass floret (the other being the
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The perianth interpretation of the palea is supported by the expression of
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term referring to a part of the spikelet. It is the lowermost of two
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genes in this organ during development, as is the case in sepals of
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This article is about Palea in
Poaceae. For receptacular bracts in
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may represent the other two members, having been joined together).
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73:. The part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the
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or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role.
46:, describes the typical arrangement of the inflorescences of
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95:, a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer)
168:. The lemma often bears a long bristle called an
27:Part of a spike inflorescence of a grass or sedge
278:, exposing the flower's reproductive organs.
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130:being an important exception — and mainly
65:. The spikelets are further grouped into
320:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
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314:Cope, T.; Gray, A. (30 October 2009).
7:
172:, and may be similar in form to the
216:Asteraceae § Floral structures
357:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1964.tb00625.x
228:, refers to one of the bract-like
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343:"Insect Pollination of Grasses".
115:is reduced to two scales, called
345:Australian Journal of Entomology
180:) of the three members of outer
270:, believed to be a rudimentary
61:Each spikelet has one or more
1:
316:Grasses of the British Isles
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209:
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122:The flowers are usually
107:) and one internal (the
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18:Rachilla (floral axis)
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164:enclosing the grass
142:For other uses, see
99:at the base, called
154:phytomorphological
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232:in the spikelet.
16:(Redirected from
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389:Plant morphology
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318:. London, U.K.:
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288:Law of Spikelets
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351:: 74. 1964.
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132:anemophilous
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383:Categories
294:References
212:Asteraceae
196:characters
83:In grasses
198:in grass
117:lodicules
282:See also
272:perianth
264:lodicule
258:Lodicule
254:plants.
248:MADS-box
241:monocots
200:taxonomy
182:perianth
113:perianth
76:rachilla
67:panicles
56:monocots
40:spikelet
394:Poaceae
370:915–928
268:corolla
252:eudicot
226:Poaceae
178:abaxial
111:). The
89:Poaceae
63:florets
48:grasses
326:
276:bracts
230:organs
214:, see
174:glumes
166:floret
162:bracts
160:-like
101:glumes
97:bracts
93:family
71:spikes
52:sedges
44:botany
237:lemma
224:, in
222:Palea
206:Palea
189:palea
187:(the
185:whorl
158:chaff
152:is a
150:Lemma
144:Lemma
138:Lemma
128:maize
109:palea
105:lemma
42:, in
324:ISBN
353:doi
170:awn
87:In
69:or
385::
347:.
322:.
302:^
262:A
202:.
126:—
79:.
58:.
50:,
38:A
359:.
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349:3
332:.
218:.
146:.
20:)
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