2812:, which their platform inherently supported, they were often considered the primary feminist movement. Revolutionary feminists, on the other hand, included Black and LGBTQ issues in their platform, wanting not to work within the current system simply to improve the rights of already privileged women, but to rework the system to be more supportive of all women from other marginalized groups. The American feminist movement was polarized by these two groups. Many women, and often privileged white women, forgot about the promise of revolutionary feminism when they began to gain economic power as a result of the reformist movements partial success. This further set back those who wished to fight sexism and other kinds of oppression at the same time. Revolutionary feminist thinking was further pushed aside as even academic circles would not discuss it easily. Furthermore, reformist feminists, upon finding a route to class mobility, refused to acknowledge the now niche revolutionary feminist movement, as they had found a way to live in an economically powerful way in the current social system.
2699:. Restrictions on women's access to and participation in the workforce like the wage gap is an "inequality most identified with industrialized nations with nominal equal opportunity laws; legal and cultural restrictions on access to education and jobs, inequities most identified with developing nations; and unequal access to capital, variable but identified as a difficulty in both industrialized and developing nations". In the United States, the median weekly earnings for women were 82 percent of the median weekly earnings for men in 2016. Some argue women are prevented from achieving complete gender equality in the workplace because of the "ideal-worker norm," which "defines the committed worker as someone who works full-time and full force for forty years straight," a situation designed for the male sex.
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based on their income, wealth, property ownership, job status, education, skills, or power in the economic and political sphere. The most commonly used class categories include upper class, middle class, working class, and poor class. Class is also experienced differently depending on race, gender, ethnicity, global location, disability, and more. Class oppression of the poor and working class can lead to deprivation of basic needs and a feeling of inferiority to higher-class people, as well as shame towards one's traditional class, race, gender, or ethnic heritage. In the United States, class has become racialized leaving the greater percentage of people of color living in poverty.
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but not exclusively— racial minorities". For example, "blacks are: approximately four times more likely to be targeted for police use of force than their white counterparts; arrested and convicted for drug-related criminal activities at higher rates than their overall representation in the U.S. population; and are more likely to fear unlawful and harsh treatment by law enforcement officials". The
International Association of Chiefs of Police collected data from police departments between the years 1995 and 2000 and found that 83% of incidents involving use-of-force against subjects of different races than the officer executing it involved a white officer and a Black subject.
2281:, one of the most common characteristics of social oppression is the "double-bind", a situation where the oppressed are exposed to limited options, all of which incurring social penalty. An example of said situation exists for young women in the 21st century regarding sexual activity. Both sexual inactivity and sexual activity might incur a penalty. If a woman is sexually inactive, her parents might worry that she is abnormal, and men will complain that she is "frigid" and "uptight", while in the latter situation she may be condemned for being a whore. This scenario reveals how oppression may not necessarily be caused by individual oppressors, following Young's conclusions.
2264:, due to its pluralistic character, it is difficult to construct a definition that applies to all forms of oppression. Therefore, she argues one should focus on the characteristics different forms of oppression might exhibit or have in common. In order to do so, Young develops five characteristics or 'faces' of oppression. Each form of oppression possesses at least one of these characteristics which are: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. Young's conception of oppression does not involve an "active oppressor". This means that oppression can occur without people actively oppressing others. Specifically, Young argues that
2288:, as defined by Lynn Weber, is "an individual's or a group's social 'place' in the race, class, gender and sexuality hierarchies, as well as in other critical social hierarchies such as age, ethnicity, and nation". An individual's social location often determines how they will be perceived and treated by others in society. Three elements shape whether a group or individual can exercise power: the power to design or manipulate the rules and regulations, the capacity to win competitions through the exercise of political or economic force, and the ability to write and document social and political history.
2183:, psychology, philosophy, and political science. Nonetheless, more fully understanding the problem remains an extremely complicated challenge for scholars. Improved understanding will require, for example, comprehending more completely the historical antecedents of current social oppression; the commonalities — and lack thereof — among the various social groups damaged by social oppression and the individual human beings who make up those groups; and the complex interplay between and amongst sociocultural, political, economic, psychological, and legal forces that cause and support oppression.
2298:, on the other hand, believes that there cannot be any hierarchy of oppression due to her experiences as both a Black and lesbian woman. In "There is no Hierarchy of Oppressions," she suggests that all oppressed groups share the same issue. She writes that "any attack against black people is a lesbian and gay issue", promoting the idea that due to intersectionality within a given group, all of its members and their respective groups are under threat, viewing the concept of oppression as originating from a root source which seeks to alienate all groups not in power.
2688:, and governmental corruption". This allows for a dominant social group to maintain and maximize its wealth through the intentional exploitation of economically inferior subordinates. With indirect forces (also known as oppression by choice), "the oppressed are co-opted into making individual choices that add to their own oppression". The oppressed are faced with having to decide to go against their social good, and even against their own good. If they choose otherwise, they have to choose against their interests, which may lead to resentment by their group.
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not fighting the presuppositions of racism, these actors in the women's movement failed to address their oppression at its root, simultaneously fighting for the issues of white women and accepting the societal structures which held Black women down. Even when Black feminists bring up issues of both gender and class, they often fail to account for heterosexual privilege amidst Black women, still supporting homophobic assumptions about sexuality and leaving many members of the movement behind.
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oppression, where an identifiable oppressing group is assumed. Another example of social oppression given by Young is when a specific social group is denied access to education that may hinder their lives in later life. Economic oppression is the divide between two classes of society. These were once determined by factors such slavery, property rights, disenfranchisement, and forced displacement of livelihood. Each divide yielded various treatments and attitudes towards each group.
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to capture the macro-level systemic nature of intersectional oppression. In other words, Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality captures the individual experiences of oppressed persons that do not solely fall under one header of sexism, racism, or something else. However, it is not suited to capture the way, for example, sexism and racism work together at a (macro) societal level. Both conjoin to influence the unique experience of oppression as felt by, for example, Black women.
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affects social groups. ... occurs when a particular social group is unjustly subordinated, and where that subordination is not necessarily deliberate but instead results from a complex network of social restrictions, ranging from laws and institutions to implicit biases and stereotypes. In such cases, there may be no deliberate attempt to subordinate the relevant group, but the group is nonetheless unjustly subordinated by this network of social constraints.
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2321:" refers to a sociopolitical immunity one group has over others derived from particular societal benefits. Many of the groups who have privilege over gender, race, or sexuality, for example, can be unaware of the power their privilege holds. These inequalities further perpetuate themselves because those who are oppressed rarely have access to resources that would allow them to escape their maltreatment. This can lead to
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2832:, and interpersonal domains. Each of these domains works to sustain current inequalities faced by marginalized, excluded, or oppressed groups. The structural, disciplinary, and hegemonic domains all operate on a macro level, creating social oppression through macro structures such as education, or the criminal justice system, which play out in the interpersonal sphere of everyday life through micro-oppressions.
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for any one woman, the interweaving of many of said actions through each day and each year eventually builds a net which very well might hold a woman in place, and keep her in the role she is ordered to maintain. One simple example the custom of men holding the door for woman, which is well-intentioned, but also implies that women are unable to do this a simple thing themselves.
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several different contexts (such as racism, classism, and sexism) ... Analyzing what is involved in civilized oppression includes analyzing the kinds of mechanisms used, the power relations at work, the systems controlling perceptions and information, the kinds of harms inflicted on the victims, and the reasons why this oppression is so hard to see even by contributing agents.
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2727:: she may enter work under conditions of constraint; her work may bear no part of reflectively held life goals; and she may not even have the: freedom of bodily movement at work. Her work may also fail to permit a meaningful measure of economic independence or to help her support herself or her family, which she identifies as the very purpose of her working.
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home. Others believe that this difference in wage earnings is likely due to the supply and demand for women in the market because of family obligations. Eber and
Weichselbaumer argue that "over time, raw wage differentials worldwide have fallen substantially. Most of this decrease is due to better labor market endowments of females".
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be done consciously or even intentionally. As Young argues, oppression can occur without an active "oppressor". This definition of oppression attempts to address the concern that feminist theories unjustly blame men for the oppression of women. Men can sympathize with feminism, but still be complicit in the oppression of women.
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intersect with each other and with the privileges held by others. Racial, economic, class-based, religious, gender-based, authoritarian, and social oppression in general often intersect in many different ways and co-exist with opposited forms of privilege to create novel and unique forms of oppression.
2460:, and after doing so they eventually passed laws in order to prevent other religions from prospering in their colony. The Pilgrims and the leaders of other communities where Protestants were in the majority used their power over legislatures to oppress followers of other religions in the United States.
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discusses the intersectional challenges of the early feminist movements in the 20th century. She divides female activists into groups labeled the "reformist" and "revolutionary" feminists. Reformist feminists were often at the forefront of the media, primarily as a result of their unspoken support of
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employees, working abroad generally little to no bargaining power not only with their employers, but with immigration authorities as well. They could be forced to accept low wages and work in poor living conditions. And by working abroad, an outsourced employee contributes to the economy of a foreign
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are "employed to control a population thought to be undesirable, undeserving, and under punished by established law". In both situations, police officers "rely on legal authority to exonerate their extralegal use of force; both respond to perceived threats and fears aroused by out-groups, especially—
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amendments freed
African Americans, gave them citizenship, and provided them the right to vote, institutions such as some police departments continue to use oppressive systems against minorities. They train their officers to profile individuals based upon their racial heritage, and to exert excessive
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Institutional oppression occurs when established laws, customs, and practices systemically reflect and produce inequities based on one's membership in targeted social identity groups. If oppressive consequences accrue to institutional laws, customs, or practices, the institution is oppressive whether
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relationship, women often take care of unpaid households chores and child care labor, which benefits both the man as the woman. In this sense, women are performing labor from which the man benefits and thus at least part of the value of this labor is transferred to the man. This exploitation need not
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Class oppression, sometimes referred to as classism, can be defined as prejudice and discrimination based on social class. Class is a social ranking system which is based on income, wealth, education, status, and power. A class is a large group of people who share similar economic or social positions
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This description of authoritarian governments is somewhat simplistic in that it describes the epitome of authoritarianism, i.e., the worst-case scenario, which still exists in some countries today, but has gradually become less prevalent over the last two centuries or so. See the five books cited at
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Women, in contrast, are still expected to fulfill the caretaker role and take time off for domestic needs such as pregnancy and ill family members, preventing them from conforming to the "ideal-worker norm". With the current norm in place, women are forced to juggle full-time jobs and family care at
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Young argues that women in particular suffer from gender-based exploitation, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. To illustrate, gender exploitation relates to how the common labor division between men and women can be exploitative. She argues that "gender exploitation has two aspects,
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A common conception of social oppression is seen as when a single group in society unjustly takes advantage of, and exercises power over, another group using dominance and subordination. This then results in the socially supported mistreatment and exploitation of a group of individuals by those with
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Oppression is a form of injustice that occurs when one social group is subordinated while another is privileged, and oppression is maintained by a variety of different mechanisms including social norms, stereotypes and institutional rules. A key feature of oppression is that it is perpetrated by and
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This intersectional approach has been influential in academic fields studying different forms of social oppression. However, although
Crenshaw argues her intersectional approach captures important differences within certain oppressed groups, Patricia Hill Collins objects that her approach is unable
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In her article on oppression, Marilyn Frye suggests a myopic approach is necessary to understand how in society at large, women are sequestered to a second class role. Though individual barriers, such as small actions resulting of social roles and expectations, may not provide too much of a barrier
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Race or racial oppression is defined as "burdening a specific race with unjust or cruel restraints or impositions. Racial oppression may be social, systematic, institutionalized, or internalized. Social forms of racial oppression include exploitation and mistreatment that is socially supported." In
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disproportionately focused on white women and their respective issues rather than women as a whole. This led to Black women and the higher level of economic challenges they were faced with being unaddressed, and often uplifted women only in a racially privileged position. According to
Saraswati, by
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One aspect of social oppression's effectiveness is the stigmatization of "resistance": Resistance to oppression has been linked to a moral obligation, an act deemed necessary for the preservation of self and society. Resistance is sometimes labeled as "lawlessness, belligerence, envy, or laziness".
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It is harder still to become aware of what I call 'civilized
Oppression,' that involves neither physical violence nor the use of law. Yet these subtle forms are by far the most prevalent in Western industrialized societies. This work will focus on issues that are common to such subtle oppression in
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to refer to the various ways in which race and gender interact to shape the multiple dimensions of Black women's employment experiences. Elena Ruiz defines intersectionality as a form of oppression containing multiple social vectors and overlapping identity categories such as sex, race, and class
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The second category of oppression, exploitation, has been seen in many different forms around the world when it comes to religion. The definition of exploitation is the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work. For example, during, and particularly after, the
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Gender oppression is a form of social oppression, which occurs due to belonging or seeming to belong to a specific gender. Historically, gender oppression occurred through actual legal domination and subordination of men over women. Even key aspects of social life traditionally seen as "neutral",
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oppression is the inhibition of a group through a vast network of everyday practices, attitudes, assumptions, behaviors, and institutional rules. Oppression is structural or systemic. The systemic character of oppression implies that an oppressed group need not have a correlate oppressing group.
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Structural or systemic refers to "the rules that constitute and regulate the major sectors of life such as family relations, property ownership and exchange, political powers and responsibilities, and so on". Young's conception of oppression is therefore in contrast with other common notions of
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An intersectional approach to oppression requires attending to the differential ways different grounds for oppression such as gender, race, sexuality, class, religion, and so forth work together to create a unique situation for certain oppressed people. Crenshaw argues that viewing feminism as
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use oppression to subjugate the people, they want their citizenry to feel that "pressing down", and to live in fear that if they displease the authorities they will, in a metaphorical sense, be "squeezed" and "suffocated". Such governments oppress the people using restriction, control, terror,
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Jennifer Nash also argues that so far, intersectional approaches have focused either on intersections between forms or grounds for oppression or privilege, whereas the two can also work together. The value of an intersectional approach on oppression is to see how different forms of oppression
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describes the main forces of economic oppression as oppressive economic systems and direct and indirect forces. Even though capitalism and socialism are not inherently oppressive, they "lend themselves to oppression in characteristic ways". She defines direct forces of economic oppression as
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explore what the limits of intersectionality. For instance, does this approach only concern marginalized groups, or is everyone intersectional in some way. Guiding questions in this regard concern in what way an intersectional approach might bring to the surface certain previously obscured
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No universally accepted model or terminology has yet emerged to describe oppression in its entirety, although some scholars cite evidence of different types of oppression, such as social oppression, cultural, political, religious/belief, institutional oppression, and
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Institutionalized oppression allows for government, religious, and business organizations and their employees to systematically favor specific groups of people based upon group identity. Dating back to colonization, the United States implemented the annihilation of
2380:. Blauner states that even after civil rights legislation abolished legally-sanctioned segregation, racial oppression remained a reality in the United States and "racial groups and racial oppression are central features of the American social dynamic".
2488:, because of this the Chinese were considered different and therefore not equal to white Americans. Due to this view Chinese workers were denied equal pay, and they also suffered many hardships during the time which they spent working on the railroad.
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over, a group of individuals, often in the form of governmental authority or cultural opprobrium. It is related to regimentation, class, society, and punishment. Oppression may be overt or covert, depending on how it is practiced. Oppression refers to
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such as language, can sustain gender oppression according to
Gertrude Postl. This is due to sexist language and the lack of terms that relate to experiences specific to women. For example, the term "sexual harassment" was only coined in 1975.
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Research and theory development on social oppression has advanced apace since the 1980s with the publication of seminal books and articles, and the cross-pollination of ideas and discussion among diverse disciplines, such as
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Lynn Weber, among some other political theorists, argues that oppression persists because most individuals fail to recognize it; that is, discrimination is often not visible to those who are not in the midst of it.
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is the systematic mistreatment of individuals because of their religious beliefs. According to Iris Young oppression can be divided into different categories such as powerlessness, exploitation, and violence.
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2998:(Revised & Updated ed.). K Dictionaries Ltd, by arrangement with Random House Information Group, an imprint of The Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc. 2010. Archived from
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categorizing all women as one cohesive category of oppressed people obscures differences of experiences of oppression within such groups. A Black woman is not just the sum of the two categories.
2684:"restrictions on opportunities that are applied from the outside on the oppressed, including enslavement, segregation, employment discrimination, group-based harassment, opportunity inequality,
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Magnusson, Charlotta. (2010). "Why Is There A Gender Wage Gap
According To Occupational Prestige?" Acta Sociologica (Sage Publications, Ltd.) 53.2: 99-117. Academic Search Complete.
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Weichselbaumer, D. and Winter-Ebmer, R. (2005). A Meta-Analysis of the
International Gender Wage Gap. Journal of Economic Surveys, 19: 479–511. Doi: 10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00256.x
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because they felt that
Muslims "'push their beliefs on everyone else'". Acts of religious violence are also committed against practitioners of other religions in addition to Islam.
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Blumenfeld, Warren. "Christian Privilege and the Promotion of "Secular" and Not-So "Secular" Mainline Christianity in Public Schooling and in the Larger Society".
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Institutionalized oppression is not only experienced by people of racial minorities, but can also affect those in the LGBT community. In April 1953, US President
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other forms of oppression, and more easily met requests. The reformists represented the white female population, and as a result of existing within a world of
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hopelessness, and despair. The tyrant's tools of oppression include, for example, extremely harsh punishments for "unpatriotic" statements; developing a
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relative power. In a social group setting, oppression may be based on many ideas, such as poverty, gender, class, race, caste, or other categories.
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Scholar L. Ayu Saraswati highlights the potency of privilege hidden within groups generally considered oppressed. Such can occur within women, as
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does not target and may not directly afflict everyone in society, but instead targets or disproportionately impacts specific groups of people.
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suggests that there are four predominant social hierarchies, race, class, gender and sexuality, that contribute to social oppression.
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There is no single, widely accepted definition of social oppression. Philosopher Elanor Taylor defines social oppression in this way:
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Mupepi, Mambo (Ed.). (2016). Effective Talent Management Strategies for Organizational Success. Hershey: Business Science Reference.
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By deciding to work abroad, laborers are "reinforcing the forces of economic oppression that presented them with such poor options".
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Oppression also refers to the subjugation and marginalization of specific groups of people within a country or society, such as
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Kirst-Ashman, K. K., & Hull, G. H. (2012). Understanding Generalist Practice. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
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passed laws in 2014 giving religious-based businesses "the right to refuse service to LGBT customers". In 2018 and 2023, the
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that are not ready visible in single identities, but have to be taken into account as an integral, robust human experience.
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because students are denied access to resources and the privileged class is signaled that its denial of goods is justified.
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transfer of the fruits of material labor to men and transfer of nurturing and sexual energies to men". Specifically, in a
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3849:"Stop Blaming me for What Others Did to you: New Alternative Masculinity's Communicative Acts Against Blaming Discourses"
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Social oppression derives from power dynamics and imbalances related to the social location of a group or individual.
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Collins, P. H. (1995). Symposium On West and Fenstermaker's "Doing Difference." Gender & Society, 9(4), 491–513.
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country instead of their own. Veltman and Piper describe the effects of outsourcing on female laborers abroad:
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Fiel, Jeremy E. “Decomposing School Resegregation: Social Closure, Racial Imbalance, and Racial Isolation.”
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Violence against Queer People : Race, Class, Gender, and the Persistence of Anti-LGBT Discrimination
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Saraswati, L. Ayu, and Barbara L. Shaw. "Introduction to Women', Gender & Sexuality Studies." (2018).
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Seabrook, Renita; Wyatt-Nichol, Heather. "The Ugly Side of America: Institutional Oppression and Race".
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Veltman, A., & Piper, M. (Eds.). (2014). Autonomy, Oppression, and Gender. Oxford University Press.
2677:, employment discrimination, and economic discrimination based on sex, nationality, race, or religion.
3592:
Freibach-Heifetz, Dana; Stopler, Gila (June 2008). "On conceptual dichotomies and social oppression".
7032:
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2714:
Indirect economic oppression is exemplified when individuals work abroad to support their families.
7352:
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5695:
5210:
5137:
5112:
4979:
3826:
2828:". The matrix maps the interrelated nature of four domains of power: the structural, disciplinary,
2650:
2165:
Philosopher Jean Harvey, suggests the term "civilized oppression", which he introduces as follows:
2102:
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1957:
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1439:
1335:
1315:
1104:
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963:
943:
913:
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4344:""Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color""
4281:
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6821:
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4371:
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2500:
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1514:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1320:
605:
4501:
4495:
4428:"Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color"
4213:
Lawrence, Charles R. III. (2005) "Forbidden conversations: On race, privacy, and community..."
3906:
2938:
the end of this paragraph for a more nuanced discussion. Also see the Knowledge (XXG) article,
7240:
7151:
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6806:
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3888:
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3800:
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3427:
3387:
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Human behavior and the social environment, macro level: Groups, communities, and organizations
3245:
3222:
3212:
3170:
3160:
3137:
3127:
3104:
3094:
3068:
3058:
3035:
3025:
2969:
2917:
2902:
2882:
2781:
2746:
2740:
2670:
2499:, violence is "the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage, or destroy". Acts of
2449:
2261:
2192:
2130:
2106:
1989:
1900:
1830:
1815:
1598:
1541:
1340:
1248:
1139:
1059:
898:
179:
7286:
2519:
has greatly increased. One such incident occurred on August 5, 2017, when three men bombed a
7569:
7203:
7188:
7116:
7037:
7007:
6838:
6674:
6380:
5946:
5941:
5792:
5690:
5177:
5152:
5063:
5058:
4944:
4439:
4398:
4355:
4152:
Law and the Gay Rights Story : The Long Search for Equal Justice in a Divided Democracy
3988:
3878:
3860:
3773:
3601:
2939:
2872:
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2702:
2624:
2600:
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2311:
2093:
1952:
1937:
1865:
1788:
1758:
1573:
1409:
1109:
667:
662:
505:
395:
4196:
Lane, Ginny G., and Amy E. White. “The Roots of Resegregation: Analysis and Implications.”
3937:
3931:
3124:
The Protestant ethic and the spirit of authoritarianism: Puritanism, democracy, and society
7218:
7126:
7022:
6971:
6831:
6816:
6796:
6761:
6474:
6385:
6320:
6120:
6070:
5715:
5245:
5162:
4935:
Deutsch, Morton (March 2006). "A Framework for Thinking about Oppression and Its Change".
4566:
Confronting injustice and oppression: Concepts and strategies for social workers (2nd ed.)
4285:
3549:
2809:
2469:
2415:
2285:
2225:
2126:
1967:
1875:
1773:
1714:
1566:
1551:
1531:
1496:
1203:
1114:
1049:
841:
791:
420:
5856:
4742:
4297:
Kinnear, Karen L. (2011). Women in Developing Countries: a Reference Handbook. ABC-Clio.
569:
4882:
The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79
2503:
which are committed against people who practice a particular religion are classified as
7590:
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7171:
7141:
7131:
7049:
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7017:
6853:
6789:
6731:
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6494:
6489:
6484:
6370:
6305:
5834:
5807:
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5372:
5320:
5250:
5235:
5225:
5215:
5142:
5046:
4972:
4803:
4773:
4645:(2011 reissue; foreword by Danielle Allen). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
3883:
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2685:
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1962:
1920:
1890:
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1223:
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547:
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365:
49:
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6784:
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6631:
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6447:
6390:
6325:
5737:
5640:
5325:
5031:
4956:
4880:
4860:
2766:
2674:
2666:
2476:
During this time it was common for the Chinese immigrants to follow the religions of
2457:
2453:
2098:
1974:
1583:
1519:
1504:
1360:
1325:
1305:
1176:
1119:
1054:
442:
345:
4459:
4375:
3613:
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7362:
7337:
7321:
7059:
6946:
6774:
6741:
6721:
6651:
6641:
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6237:
6135:
6130:
5866:
5841:
5705:
5645:
5610:
5580:
5255:
5187:
5167:
5157:
5147:
5117:
2575:
wanted, and condoned the institution of slavery where Africans were brought to the
2551:
2485:
2291:
2278:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2044:
1810:
1689:
1509:
1476:
1456:
1380:
1370:
1350:
1330:
958:
856:
851:
579:
554:
410:
350:
315:
285:
3055:
Non-democratic politics : authoritarianism, dictatorship, and democratization
4497:
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment
17:
7347:
6961:
6921:
6889:
6756:
6716:
6556:
6469:
6420:
6395:
6295:
5988:
5727:
5710:
5665:
5585:
5330:
5305:
5127:
5102:
5092:
5075:
5026:
4862:
The Gulag Archipelago, 1918–1956: An Experiment in Literary Investigation, I–VII
3456:
Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Social Class: Dimensions of Inequality and Identity
2887:
2877:
2715:
2544:
or not the individuals maintaining those practices have oppressive intentions."
2353:
2295:
1704:
1664:
1632:
1491:
1451:
1285:
1198:
1149:
1124:
1024:
709:
432:
415:
370:
290:
3471:
Social dominance : an intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression
3299:
Five Faces of Oppression (Chapter 2). In Justice and the politics of difference
2530:
2444:
An example of religious powerlessness existed during the 17th century when the
7541:
7235:
7230:
7106:
7002:
6986:
6843:
6736:
6694:
6656:
6464:
6452:
6425:
6415:
6335:
5754:
5749:
5720:
5655:
5504:
5285:
5107:
5097:
4948:
4554:
Deutsch, M. (2006). A framework for thinking about oppression and its change.
3865:
3765:
2804:
2724:
2512:
2504:
1984:
1979:
1857:
1753:
1729:
1578:
1471:
1429:
1385:
1193:
1181:
1154:
1144:
1064:
459:
454:
425:
360:
201:
4927:
4900:
4823:
4794:
4763:
4705:
4519:
4481:
Nash, J. C. (2008). Re-thinking Intersectionality. Feminist Review, 89, 1–15.
4402:
3981:"exploitation | Definition of exploitation in English by Oxford Dictionaries"
3874:
3777:
3605:
3441:
3174:
3141:
3108:
3072:
3039:
7136:
7084:
6801:
6400:
5530:
4850:
4779:. Translated by Bennett, Arnold. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
4732:
3489:
3391:
3376:. Anne Minas (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. 2000.
3226:
2857:
2576:
2555:
2524:
2180:
2150:
2061:
2048:
1885:
1835:
1536:
1129:
235:
57:
4871:
3892:
4671:
4653:
4607:
4597:
Connected by commitment: Oppression and our responsibility to undermine it
4576:
7423:
7101:
6931:
6858:
6509:
6435:
6340:
6300:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5600:
5595:
5540:
5172:
5021:
4625:
3469:
3371:
2829:
2798:
2680:
2628:
2492:
2477:
2176:
1852:
1674:
1593:
1238:
1164:
1069:
1029:
390:
385:
380:
305:
300:
245:
3424:
Understanding Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality: A Conceptual Framework
2661:
Economic oppression can take many forms, including, but not limited to,
2579:
to be a source of free labor to expand the cotton and tobacco industry.
5605:
5509:
5489:
5462:
5437:
5122:
4451:
4367:
4343:
4240:
Cudd, Ann E. (2006). Analyzing Oppression. Oxford University Press US.
4201:
4184:
3710:
2820:
Addressing social oppression on both a macro and micro level, feminist
2662:
2616:
2134:
2117:
Socioeconomic, political, legal, cultural, and institutional oppression
310:
206:
186:
159:
134:
4058:
Cheney, Carol; LaFrance, Jeannie; Quinteros, Terrie (25 August 2006).
3847:
Schubert, Tinka; Aguilar, Consol; Kim, Kyung Hi; Gómez, Aitor (2021).
3126:. New York City, NY: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 15–18.
6561:
5590:
5494:
5472:
5467:
5417:
5240:
2897:
2620:
2520:
2481:
2456:. The Pilgrims created their own religion, which was another form of
2404:
2342:
1290:
295:
191:
169:
164:
114:
4616:(Intolerance: a general survey). Montréal (Québec), Canada: Boréal.
4443:
4359:
3531:
Cudd, Ann. "Strikes, Housework, and the Moral Obligation to Resist".
4912:. Studies in feminist philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4866:. Translated by Whitney, Thoman P. (1st ed.). Harper and Row.
4631:
Opotow, S. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: an introduction.
3747:(Fall 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
7477:
7370:
7332:
6571:
5422:
5193:
5003:
4995:
4805:
Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s
4427:
2772:
2701:
2546:
2529:
2122:
1300:
119:
5341:
2092:, ("to press against", "to squeeze", "to suffocate"). Thus, when
7559:
7385:
7183:
7012:
4035:"3 Suspects in Bombing of Minnesota Mosque Face Weapons Charges"
3024:. New York City, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 5–13.
1932:
1763:
7290:
5345:
4968:
4690:. Critical studies in racism and migration. London: Routledge.
3022:
Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War
7459:
7405:
5270:
2196:
3474:. Felicia Pratto. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3244:. United States of America: Sage Publication Inc. p. 1.
3057:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1–21, 39–61, 130–141.
2212:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
3157:
The new authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa
3373:
Gender basics : feminist perspectives on women and men
3242:
Political Sociology: Oppression, Resistance, and the State
3091:
Democracy and authoritarianism in the post-communist world
2558:- The Monroe Doctrine (1823), plus a quote from President
4964:
2634:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
4010:"Chinese immigration and the Transcontinental railroad"
3093:. Cambridge, England (UK): Cambridge University Press.
2221:
4278:
3502:
Lorde, Audre. "There is no hierarchy of oppressions."
2723:
Her work may be oppressive first in respects of being
2691:
An example of direct forces of economic oppression is
4256:
4254:
2491:
The third and most extreme category of oppression is
4123:
Above the Law: Police and the Excessive Use of Force
3323:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 41.
2965:
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2356:
proposes five primary forms of racial oppression in
7550:
7532:
7509:
7486:
7468:
7450:
7432:
7414:
7361:
6995:
6872:
6665:
6276:
5916:
5763:
5523:
5410:
5379:
5203:
5002:
3516:Hay, Carol. "The Obligation to Resist Oppression".
3426:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
2995:
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
4859:
4772:
4741:
4715:Dismantling Privilege: An Ethics of Accountability
3211:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 1–2.
2706:A mother taking care of her child by feeding them.
27:Malicious or unjust treatment or exercise of power
7386:People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD)
7147:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
3301:. NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 39–65.
2968:(5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2016.
1896:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
4568:. New York City, NY: Columbia University Press.
4101:Journal of Public Management & Social Policy
3822:"Who came up with the term 'sexual harassment'?"
7396:People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB)
6807:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
2745:A different approach on oppression, called the
2649:is observed by some educators as oppression or
1542:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
6289:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
4599:. New York City, NY: Oxford University Press.
3770:The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy
3278:Van Wormer, K., & Besthorn, F. H. (2010).
1018:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
7302:
5357:
4980:
4500:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. p.
4395:The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Race
3338:(2nd ed.). MA: Polity Press. p. 37.
3159:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
2210:The examples and perspective in this section
2021:
8:
4121:Skolnick, Jerome H.; Fyfe, James J. (1994).
3264:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
6505:List of people killed for being transgender
4748:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4662:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4183:, vol. 78, no. 5, 2013, pp. 828–48. JSTOR,
3766:"Language, Writing, and Gender Differences"
3089:; McFaul, Michael; Stoner, Kathryn (2010).
1234:List of people killed for being transgender
7309:
7295:
7287:
5364:
5350:
5342:
4987:
4973:
4965:
4135:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4060:"Institutionalized Oppression Definitions"
2228:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2028:
2014:
36:
7542:Department of State Security (Securitate)
7391:Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB)
4614:L'Intolérance. Une problématique générale
3882:
3864:
3240:Glasberg, Shannon, Davita, Deric (2011).
3192:sfn error: no target: CITEREFTaylor2016 (
2244:Learn how and when to remove this message
7424:Directorate of State Security (Sigurimi)
7381:Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU)
5621:Social determinants of health in poverty
4585:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
4200:, vol. 17, no. 3/4, 2010, p. 84. JSTOR,
3417:
3415:
3353:. Princeton University Press. p. 1.
3020:Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A. (2010).
326:Social determinants of health in poverty
4154:. Rutgers University Press. p. 14.
3936:. Princeton University Press. pp.
3907:"What does religious persecution mean?"
3745:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2955:
2930:
2647:School segregation in the United States
2448:, who wanted to escape the rule of the
48:
7560:Department of National Security (OZNA)
5231:Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
4643:Justice and the politics of difference
4637:doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00268.x
4128:
3933:Justice and the Politics of Difference
3798:
3545:
3534:
3397:
3351:Justice and the Politics of Difference
3321:Justice and the Politics of Difference
3257:
3187:
7616:Power (social and political) concepts
7565:Directorate for State Security (UDBA)
7343:Telephone tapping in the Eastern Bloc
4831:Feagin, Joe R.; Vera, Hernan (1995).
4802:Omi, Michael; Winant, Howard (1994).
4236:
4234:
4232:
4116:
4114:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4076:from the original on 7 September 2012
3663:
3661:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3292:
3290:
3288:
2472:used Chinese immigrants to build the
7:
7519:Ministry of Public Security (UB/MBP)
7271:
6311:Capital punishment for homosexuality
5626:Social determinants of mental health
4885:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
4342:Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams (2008).
4202:http://www.jstor.org/stable/41674753
4185:http://www.jstor.org/stable/43187507
2803:In her article "Feminist Politics,"
2534:Different types of religious symbols
1040:Capital punishment for homosexuality
331:Social determinants of mental health
7478:Ministry for State Security (Stasi)
6431:Genital modification and mutilation
3820:Swenson, Kyle (November 22, 2017).
1160:Genital modification and mutilation
7406:Committee for State Security (KGB)
4858:Solzhenitsyn, Alexandr I. (1973).
4688:Racism, Sexism, Power and Ideology
3963:Equity and Excellence in Education
3504:Bulletin: Homophobia and education
2515:which have been committed against
25:
7570:Counterintelligence Service (KOS)
7442:Committee for State Security (DS)
7376:State Political Directorate (GPU)
3711:"Class Action » About Class"
2376:, non-citizen labor, and diffuse
7501:Ministry of Internal Affairs III
7496:State Protection Authority (ÁVH)
7401:Ministry of State Security (MGB)
7371:Extraordinary Commission (Cheka)
7270:
7261:
7260:
6910:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
6747:Law for Protection of the Nation
6647:White genocide conspiracy theory
4740:Young-Bruehl, Elisabeth (1996).
4717:. Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press.
4713:Hobgood, Mary Elizabeth (2000).
4658:Young-Bruehl, Elisabeth (1996).
3654:from the original on 2017-04-25.
2982:from the original on 2017-11-25.
2735:Oppression and intersectionality
2201:
1653:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1482:Law for Protection of the Nation
1376:White genocide conspiracy theory
56:
6752:MSM blood donation restrictions
6500:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
4033:Stevens, Matt (14 March 2018).
3721:from the original on 2017-07-03
3692:from the original on 2017-04-25
3594:Philosophy and Social Criticism
3574:from the original on 2017-09-20
3454:Ferguson, S. J. (Ed.). (2015).
2631:'s anti-discrimination laws in
2452:came to what is now called the
1487:MSM blood donation restrictions
1229:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
6765:(as religious or racial quota)
4543:. Oxford University Press US.
4348:The Feminist Philosophy Reader
4069:. Portland Community College.
3764:Postl, Gertrude (2017-09-19),
3336:World Poverty and Human Rights
2824:discusses what she calls the "
1500:(as religious or racial quota)
1:
7179:Second-generation gender bias
6895:Constitutional colorblindness
5616:Social determinants of health
5012:Adverse childhood experiences
4775:Intolerance, A General Survey
4560:doi:10.1007/s11211-006-9998-3
3985:Oxford Dictionaries | English
3743:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
2908:Privilege (social inequality)
2051:treatment of, or exercise of
1928:Second-generation gender bias
1638:Constitutional colorblindness
321:Social determinants of health
4686:Guillaumin, Colette (1995).
4633:Journal of Social Issues, 46
4181:American Sociological Review
3671:. Harpercollins College Div.
3669:Racial oppression in America
3644:"What is Racial Oppression?"
3518:Journal of Social Philosophy
2539:Institutionalized oppression
2517:Muslims in the United States
2497:Merriam-Webster's dictionary
2350:Racial Oppression in America
7606:Majority–minority relations
7090:Medical model of disability
6942:Hate speech laws by country
4556:Social Justice Research, 19
4426:Crenshaw, Kimberle (1991).
4391:"Framing Intersectionality"
4169:. Rutgers University Press.
3319:Young, Iris Marion (1990).
3297:Young, Iris Marion (1990).
2780:introducing her concept of
2474:transcontinental railroads.
2224:, discuss the issue on the
1841:Medical model of disability
1685:Hate speech laws by country
32:Oppression (disambiguation)
7647:
7199:Social model of disability
5671:Discrimination against men
3282:. Oxford University Press.
3122:Zafirovski, Milan (2007).
2796:
2770:experiences of oppression.
2738:
2640:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
2430:
2402:
2387:
2340:
2309:
2190:
1948:Social model of disability
376:Discrimination against men
29:
7328:
7256:
6552:Opposition to immigration
5473:Race / Ethnicity
5221:Abusive power and control
4949:10.1007/s11211-006-9998-3
4744:The Anatomy of Prejudices
4660:The anatomy of prejudices
3866:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673900
3564:"Definition of PRIVILEGE"
3155:King, Stephen J. (2009).
2848:Abusive power and control
2793:Feminism and equal rights
2693:employment discrimination
2366:geographical displacement
2094:authoritarian governments
1281:Opposition to immigration
170:Race / Ethnicity
6547:Occupational segregation
6316:Compulsory sterilization
5296:Psychological projection
5158:Referee and umpire abuse
4833:White Racism: The Basics
4403:10.4324/9781315884424-24
4288:(visited April 21, 2017)
4198:Race, Gender & Class
4067:The Illumination Project
3805:: CS1 maint: location (
3778:10.4324/9781315758152-25
3682:"Definition of CLASSISM"
3606:10.1177/0191453708089197
3053:Xavier, Márquez (2017).
2853:Anti-oppressive practice
2595:force to restrain them.
2374:second-class citizenship
2076:Authoritarian oppression
1276:Occupational segregation
1045:Compulsory sterilization
7075:Internalized oppression
6937:Fighting Discrimination
6927:Fat acceptance movement
6885:Anti-discrimination law
6525:Native American mascots
4937:Social Justice Research
4835:. New York: Routledge.
4808:. New York: Routledge.
4204:. Accessed 6 Feb. 2024.
4187:. Accessed 6 Feb. 2024.
4125:. New York. p. 24.
3853:Frontiers in Psychology
3739:McAfee, Noëlle (2018),
3568:www.merriam-webster.com
2747:intersectional approach
2669:, low wages, denial of
2323:internalized oppression
1826:Internalized oppression
1680:Fighting Discrimination
1670:Fat acceptance movement
1628:Anti-discrimination law
1254:Native American mascots
7194:Social identity threat
7167:Reverse discrimination
7157:Racial color blindness
6637:Violence against women
6617:Sex-selective abortion
4564:Gil, David G. (2013).
4492:Collins, Patricia Hill
4150:Walker, Frank (2014).
4014:www.uscitizenship.info
3969:– via Ebscohost.
3544:Cite journal requires
3468:Sidanius, Jim (1999).
3404:: CS1 maint: others (
3334:Pogge, Thomas (2008).
2785:
2784:at one of her lectures
2729:
2707:
2563:
2535:
2271:
2172:
2163:
1943:Social identity threat
1916:Reverse discrimination
1906:Racial color blindness
1366:Violence against women
1346:Sex-selective abortion
7524:Security Service (SB)
7162:Religious intolerance
7122:Political correctness
6952:Intersex human rights
6900:Cultural assimilation
6582:Religious persecution
6346:Disability hate crime
6131:Jewish / Antisemitism
5266:Just-world hypothesis
5017:Anti-social behaviour
4908:Cudd, Ann E. (2006).
4879:Kiernan, Ben (1996).
4539:Cudd, Ann E. (2006).
3991:on September 29, 2016
3741:"Feminist Philosophy"
3207:Harvey, Jean (1999).
2868:Civil rights movement
2822:Patricia Hill Collins
2776:
2721:
2705:
2613:Executive Order 10450
2560:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2550:
2533:
2438:Religious persecution
2433:Religious persecution
2427:Religious persecution
2378:racial discrimination
2358:United States history
2266:
2167:
2158:
2131:religious communities
2088:, past participle of
2084:comes from the Latin
1911:Religious intolerance
1871:Political correctness
1695:Intersex human rights
1643:Cultural assimilation
1311:Religious persecution
1075:Disability hate crime
852:Jewish / Antisemitism
7460:State Security (StB)
6567:Political repression
5576:Anti-left handedness
5566:Anti-intellectualism
5301:Psychological trauma
4910:Analyzing Oppression
4641:Young, Iris (1990).
4595:Marin, Mara (2017).
4583:Civilized oppression
4541:Analyzing oppression
4389:Ruiz, Elena (2017).
4165:Meyer, Doug (2015).
3930:Young, Iris (1990).
3667:Blauner, B. (1972).
3458:. SAGE Publications.
3422:Weber, Lynn (2010).
3349:Young, Iris (1990).
3209:Civilized oppression
2893:Political repression
2826:matrix of domination
2609:Dwight D. Eisenhower
2509:September 11th, 2001
2390:Class discrimination
2384:Class discrimination
2330:second-wave feminism
2222:improve this section
2111:freedom of the press
1296:Political repression
281:Anti-left handedness
271:Anti-intellectualism
30:For other uses, see
7353:Inner German border
7070:Historical eugenics
6607:Segregation academy
6587:Religious terrorism
6376:Enemy of the people
6284:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
5803:Jehovah's Witnesses
5696:Perpetual foreigner
5211:Abusive supervision
5138:Psychological abuse
5113:Institutional abuse
4771:Noël, Lise (1994).
4612:Noël, Lise (1989).
4581:Harvey, J. (1999).
4432:Stanford Law Review
4279:https://www.bls.gov
3911:www.definitions.net
3827:The Washington Post
3686:merriam-webster.com
3190:, pp. 520–521.
2695:in the form of the
2657:Economic oppression
2495:. According to the
2135:citizens in poverty
2103:freedom of assembly
2101:force; prohibiting
2070:economic oppression
1821:Historical eugenics
1336:Segregation academy
1316:Religious terrorism
1105:Enemy of the people
1013:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
516:Jehovah's Witnesses
401:Perpetual foreigner
6982:Social integration
6977:Self-determination
6967:Racial integration
6915:Diversity training
6905:Cultural pluralism
6880:Affirmative action
6780:Racial segregation
6690:Crime of apartheid
6592:Religious violence
6095:Indigenous people
5500:Sexual orientation
5291:Playing the victim
5183:Surveillance abuse
5133:Professional abuse
5054:Cruelty to animals
4378:– via JSTOR.
4284:2017-11-23 at the
4039:The New York Times
2913:Racial segregation
2786:
2749:was introduced by
2708:
2564:
2554:- oil painting by
2536:
2501:religious violence
2466:American Civil War
2143:youth and children
1725:Social integration
1720:Self-determination
1710:Racial integration
1658:Diversity training
1648:Cultural pluralism
1623:Affirmative action
1515:Racial segregation
1425:Crime of apartheid
1321:Religious violence
816:Indigenous people
197:Sexual orientation
7631:Social inequality
7578:
7577:
7284:
7283:
7152:Racism by country
7080:Intersectionality
7065:Heteronormativity
6864:Voter suppression
6612:Sexual harassment
6411:Forced conversion
6331:Cultural genocide
5994:African Americans
5813:post–Cold War era
5798:Eastern Orthodoxy
5561:Anti-drug addicts
5556:Anti-homelessness
5483:Scientific racism
5339:
5338:
5316:Traumatic bonding
4919:978-0-19-518743-4
4892:978-0-300-06113-0
4842:978-0-415-90918-1
4815:978-0-415-90864-1
4786:978-0-7735-1160-6
4755:978-0-674-03190-6
4724:978-0-8298-1374-6
4697:978-0-415-09385-9
4668:978-0-674-03190-6
4511:978-0-415-92483-2
3787:978-1-315-75815-2
3650:. 4 August 2015.
3506:14.3/4 (1983): 9.
3433:978-0-19-538024-8
2918:Triple oppression
2903:Police oppression
2883:Intersectionality
2816:Domination theory
2782:intersectionality
2778:Kimberlé Crenshaw
2751:Kimberlé Crenshaw
2741:Intersectionality
2671:equal opportunity
2450:Church of England
2399:Gender oppression
2337:Racial oppression
2262:Iris Marion Young
2254:
2253:
2246:
2193:Infrahumanisation
2187:Social oppression
2145:, and more. This
2107:freedom of speech
2038:
2037:
1901:Racism by country
1831:Intersectionality
1816:Heteronormativity
1599:Voter suppression
1341:Sexual harassment
1140:Forced conversion
1060:Cultural genocide
715:African Americans
526:post–Cold War era
511:Eastern Orthodoxy
266:Anti-drug addicts
261:Anti-homelessness
180:Scientific racism
18:Racial oppression
16:(Redirected from
7638:
7621:Social privilege
7320:agencies in the
7311:
7304:
7297:
7288:
7274:
7273:
7264:
7263:
7204:Social privilege
7189:Social exclusion
7117:Police brutality
7038:Multiculturalism
7008:Amatonormativity
6839:Social exclusion
6675:Age of candidacy
6475:Homeless dumping
6381:Ethnic cleansing
5366:
5359:
5352:
5343:
5178:Structural abuse
5153:Police brutality
5059:Disability abuse
4989:
4982:
4975:
4966:
4960:
4931:
4904:
4875:
4865:
4854:
4827:
4798:
4778:
4767:
4747:
4736:
4709:
4524:
4523:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4438:(6): 1241–1299.
4423:
4417:
4416:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4306:
4295:
4289:
4275:
4269:
4258:
4249:
4238:
4227:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4205:
4194:
4188:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4096:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4075:
4064:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3987:. Archived from
3977:
3971:
3970:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3886:
3868:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3804:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3678:
3672:
3665:
3656:
3655:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3618:
3617:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3513:
3507:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3465:
3459:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3403:
3395:
3368:
3355:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3316:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3283:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2960:
2943:
2940:Authoritarianism
2935:
2873:Ethnic cleansing
2863:Authoritarianism
2765:Authors such as
2625:US Supreme Court
2601:police brutality
2597:Racial profiling
2571:from lands that
2569:Native Americans
2511:, the number of
2312:Social privilege
2249:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2030:
2023:
2016:
1953:Social privilege
1938:Social exclusion
1866:Police brutality
1789:Multiculturalism
1759:Amatonormativity
1574:Social exclusion
1410:Age of candidacy
1204:Homeless dumping
1110:Ethnic cleansing
60:
37:
21:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7626:Social concepts
7581:
7580:
7579:
7574:
7546:
7528:
7505:
7482:
7464:
7446:
7428:
7410:
7357:
7324:
7315:
7285:
7280:
7252:
7127:Polyculturalism
7023:Civil liberties
6991:
6972:Reappropriation
6873:Countermeasures
6868:
6797:Racial steering
6763:Numerus clausus
6667:
6661:
6386:Ethnic conflict
6321:Corrective rape
6272:
5912:
5759:
5651:HIV/AIDS stigma
5519:
5468:Mental disorder
5406:
5375:
5370:
5340:
5335:
5311:Rationalization
5246:Destabilisation
5199:
5163:Religious abuse
4998:
4993:
4963:
4934:
4920:
4907:
4893:
4878:
4857:
4843:
4830:
4816:
4801:
4787:
4770:
4756:
4739:
4725:
4712:
4698:
4685:
4681:
4679:Further reading
4536:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4512:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4471:
4467:
4444:10.2307/1229039
4425:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4360:10.2307/1229039
4341:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4296:
4292:
4286:Wayback Machine
4276:
4272:
4259:
4252:
4239:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4215:Yale Law Review
4212:
4208:
4195:
4191:
4178:
4174:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4127:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4098:
4097:
4088:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4018:
4016:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3994:
3992:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3915:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3832:
3830:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3797:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3750:
3748:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3724:
3722:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3695:
3693:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3666:
3659:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3621:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3577:
3575:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3543:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3501:
3497:
3482:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3453:
3449:
3434:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3396:
3384:
3370:
3369:
3358:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3306:
3296:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3256:
3252:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3219:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3167:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3134:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3101:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3065:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3032:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3005:
3003:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2976:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2838:
2818:
2810:white supremacy
2801:
2795:
2743:
2737:
2659:
2541:
2470:white Americans
2435:
2429:
2407:
2401:
2392:
2386:
2348:his 1972 work,
2345:
2339:
2314:
2308:
2286:Social location
2250:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2219:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2127:people of color
2119:
2078:
2034:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1876:Polyculturalism
1774:Civil liberties
1746:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1715:Reappropriation
1615:
1614:Countermeasures
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1532:Racial steering
1498:Numerus clausus
1402:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1115:Ethnic conflict
1050:Corrective rape
1005:
997:
996:
995:
994:
993:
640:
629:
628:
627:
626:
625:
478:
468:
467:
466:
465:
464:
356:HIV/AIDS stigma
228:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
165:Mental disorder
107:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
68:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7644:
7642:
7634:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7596:Discrimination
7593:
7583:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7556:
7554:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7538:
7536:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7526:
7521:
7515:
7513:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7492:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7474:
7472:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7462:
7456:
7454:
7452:Czechoslovakia
7448:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7438:
7436:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7420:
7418:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7367:
7365:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7316:
7314:
7313:
7306:
7299:
7291:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7268:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7172:Reverse racism
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7142:Prisoner abuse
7139:
7134:
7132:Power distance
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7050:Ethnic penalty
7047:
7046:
7045:
7043:Neurodiversity
7040:
7030:
7028:Dehumanization
7025:
7020:
7018:Cisnormativity
7015:
7010:
7005:
6999:
6997:
6996:Related topics
6993:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6854:State religion
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6790:Nuremberg Laws
6787:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6732:Ghetto benches
6729:
6727:Gerrymandering
6724:
6719:
6714:
6712:Gender pay gap
6709:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6666:Discriminatory
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6495:Lavender scare
6492:
6490:Kill Haole Day
6487:
6485:Indian rolling
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6450:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6371:Eliminationism
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6306:Cancel culture
6303:
6298:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6280:
6278:
6277:Manifestations
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6173:Middle Eastern
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5908:Zoroastrianism
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5835:Untouchability
5832:
5822:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5661:Leprosy stigma
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5373:Discrimination
5371:
5369:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5346:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5321:Victim blaming
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5251:Discrimination
5248:
5243:
5238:
5236:Dehumanization
5233:
5228:
5226:Child grooming
5223:
5218:
5216:Abuse of power
5213:
5207:
5205:
5204:Related topics
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5143:Physical abuse
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5073:
5071:Domestic abuse
5068:
5067:
5066:
5064:military draft
5056:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5008:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4969:
4962:
4961:
4932:
4918:
4905:
4891:
4876:
4855:
4841:
4828:
4814:
4799:
4785:
4768:
4754:
4737:
4723:
4710:
4696:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:OCLC 442469051
4656:
4654:OCLC 778811811
4639:
4629:
4610:
4608:OCLC 989519441
4593:
4579:
4577:OCLC 846740522
4562:
4552:
4535:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4510:
4483:
4474:
4465:
4418:
4411:
4381:
4354:(6): 279–309.
4334:
4325:
4316:
4307:
4290:
4270:
4250:
4228:
4219:
4217:. 114, p. 377.
4206:
4189:
4172:
4157:
4142:
4110:
4086:
4050:
4025:
4001:
3972:
3953:
3947:978-0691078328
3946:
3922:
3898:
3839:
3812:
3786:
3756:
3731:
3702:
3673:
3657:
3635:
3619:
3584:
3555:
3546:|journal=
3523:
3508:
3495:
3480:
3460:
3447:
3432:
3411:
3382:
3356:
3341:
3326:
3304:
3284:
3271:
3250:
3232:
3218:978-0847692743
3217:
3199:
3180:
3165:
3147:
3132:
3114:
3099:
3087:Bunce, Valerie
3078:
3063:
3045:
3030:
3012:
2985:
2974:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2843:Abuse of power
2839:
2837:
2834:
2817:
2814:
2797:Main article:
2794:
2791:
2739:Main article:
2736:
2733:
2697:gender pay gap
2686:neocolonialism
2658:
2655:
2643:respectively.
2627:ruled against
2573:Euro-Americans
2540:
2537:
2431:Main article:
2428:
2425:
2403:Main article:
2400:
2397:
2388:Main article:
2385:
2382:
2352:, sociologist
2341:Main article:
2338:
2335:
2310:Main article:
2307:
2304:
2252:
2251:
2216:of the subject
2214:worldwide view
2209:
2207:
2200:
2188:
2185:
2118:
2115:
2077:
2074:
2058:discrimination
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1921:Reverse racism
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1891:Prisoner abuse
1888:
1883:
1881:Power distance
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Ethnic penalty
1798:
1797:
1796:
1794:Neurodiversity
1791:
1781:
1779:Dehumanization
1776:
1771:
1769:Cisnormativity
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1745:Related topics
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:State religion
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1525:Nuremberg Laws
1522:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:Ghetto benches
1464:
1462:Gerrymandering
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Gender pay gap
1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1224:Lavender scare
1221:
1219:Kill Haole Day
1216:
1214:Indian rolling
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1100:Eliminationism
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1035:Cancel culture
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:Manifestations
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
894:Middle Eastern
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
860:
859:
849:
844:
839:
834:
833:
832:
827:
822:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
728:
727:
722:
717:
707:
702:
697:
696:
695:
690:
685:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
644:
643:
642:
641:
635:
634:
631:
630:
624:
623:
621:Zoroastrianism
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
597:
596:
586:
585:
584:
583:
582:
577:
572:
567:
552:
551:
550:
548:Untouchability
545:
535:
530:
529:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
498:
493:
488:
482:
481:
480:
479:
474:
473:
470:
469:
463:
462:
457:
452:
451:
450:
445:
440:
430:
429:
428:
423:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:Leprosy stigma
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
232:
231:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
183:
182:
177:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
111:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
94:
93:
88:
83:
78:
72:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
62:
61:
53:
52:
50:Discrimination
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7643:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7611:Neuroethology
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7531:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7485:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7471:
7467:
7461:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7453:
7449:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7425:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7413:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7360:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7318:Secret police
7312:
7307:
7305:
7300:
7298:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7277:
7269:
7267:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7249:
7246:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7226:Social stigma
7224:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6871:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6849:State atheism
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6785:Jim Crow laws
6783:
6782:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6770:One-drop rule
6768:
6766:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6685:Blood quantum
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6664:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6632:Victimisation
6630:
6628:
6627:Trans bashing
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6597:Religious war
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6577:Racialization
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6448:Glass ceiling
6446:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6391:Ethnic hatred
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6326:Counter-jihad
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6109:United States
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5972:United States
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5915:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5893:Protestantism
5891:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5808:LDS or Mormon
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5738:Transmisogyny
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5641:Gerontophobia
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5571:Anti-intersex
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5546:Anti-albinism
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5387:Institutional
5385:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5362:
5360:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5326:Victimisation
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4990:
4985:
4983:
4978:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4864:
4863:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:9780691152622
4648:
4644:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4626:OCLC 20723090
4623:
4622:9782890522718
4619:
4615:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:9780190498627
4602:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:9780231163996
4571:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4549:0-19-518744-X
4546:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4531:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4419:
4414:
4412:9781315884424
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4303:9781598844252
4300:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4246:0-19-518744-X
4243:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4168:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4124:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4072:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4051:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4026:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3926:
3923:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3840:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3757:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3732:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3648:Reference.com
3645:
3639:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3600:(5): 515–35.
3599:
3595:
3588:
3585:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3538:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3481:0-521-62290-5
3477:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3383:0-534-52839-2
3379:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3253:
3251:9781452238081
3247:
3243:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3166:9780253353979
3162:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3133:9780387493206
3129:
3125:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3100:9780521115988
3096:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3064:9781137486318
3060:
3056:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3031:9780521882521
3027:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3002:on 2014-10-06
3001:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2975:9780544454453
2971:
2967:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2792:
2790:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:Jennifer Nash
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2667:forced labour
2664:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:Although the
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2458:Protestantism
2455:
2454:United States
2451:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2406:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2277:According to
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2260:According to
2258:
2248:
2245:
2237:
2234:December 2023
2227:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:socioeconomic
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:secret police
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Social stigma
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:State atheism
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Jim Crow laws
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:One-drop rule
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:Blood quantum
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:Victimisation
1359:
1357:
1356:Trans bashing
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:Religious war
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Racialization
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:Glass ceiling
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Ethnic hatred
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Counter-jihad
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1001:
1000:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
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7470:East Germany
7363:Soviet Union
7338:Iron Curtain
7322:Eastern Bloc
7111:
7060:Gender-blind
6947:Human rights
6775:Racial quota
6762:
6742:Jewish quota
6722:Gerontocracy
6717:Gender roles
6695:Disabilities
6680:Blood purity
6652:Wife selling
6642:White flight
6622:Slut-shaming
6602:Scapegoating
6520:Murder music
6193:Palestinians
6136:Anti-Zionism
6004:South Africa
5989:Black people
5967:South Africa
5788:Christianity
5778:Baháʼí Faith
5706:Sectarianism
5646:Heterosexism
5611:Ephebiphobia
5581:Anti-Masonry
5448:Hair texture
5281:Minimisation
5276:Manipulation
5256:Exaggeration
5192:
5188:Verbal abuse
5168:Sexual abuse
5148:Social abuse
5118:Intimidation
4940:
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4909:
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4166:
4160:
4151:
4145:
4122:
4104:
4100:
4078:. Retrieved
4066:
4053:
4042:. Retrieved
4038:
4028:
4017:. Retrieved
4013:
4004:
3993:. Retrieved
3989:the original
3984:
3975:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3932:
3925:
3914:. Retrieved
3910:
3901:
3856:
3852:
3842:
3831:. Retrieved
3825:
3815:
3791:, retrieved
3769:
3759:
3749:, retrieved
3744:
3734:
3723:. Retrieved
3715:classism.org
3714:
3705:
3694:. Retrieved
3685:
3676:
3668:
3647:
3638:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3576:. Retrieved
3567:
3558:
3537:cite journal
3526:
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3156:
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3117:
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3021:
3015:
3004:. Retrieved
3000:the original
2994:
2988:
2964:
2958:
2933:
2819:
2802:
2787:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2744:
2730:
2725:heteronomous
2722:
2713:
2709:
2690:
2679:
2675:bonded labor
2660:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2606:
2581:
2565:
2552:U.S. Capitol
2542:
2490:
2486:Confucianism
2462:
2443:
2436:
2421:
2416:heterosexual
2412:
2408:
2393:
2349:
2346:
2327:
2315:
2300:
2292:Jim Sidanius
2290:
2283:
2279:Marilyn Frye
2276:
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2259:
2255:
2240:
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2211:
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2168:
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2159:
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2120:
2089:
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2079:
2066:
2040:
2039:
1811:Gender-blind
1690:Human rights
1510:Racial quota
1497:
1477:Jewish quota
1457:Gerontocracy
1452:Gender roles
1430:Disabilities
1415:Blood purity
1381:Wife selling
1371:White flight
1351:Slut-shaming
1331:Scapegoating
1249:Murder music
914:Palestinians
857:Anti-Zionism
725:South Africa
710:Black people
688:South Africa
501:Christianity
491:Baháʼí Faith
411:Sectarianism
351:Heterosexism
316:Ephebiphobia
286:Anti-Masonry
145:Hair texture
7348:Berlin Wall
6962:Nonviolence
6957:LGBT rights
6922:Empowerment
6890:Anti-racism
6812:Segregation
6757:No kid zone
6557:Persecution
6470:Hate speech
6421:Gay bashing
6396:Ethnic joke
6351:Dog whistle
6296:Blood libel
5984:Azerbaijani
5888:Neopaganism
5881:Persecution
5847:Persecution
5830:Persecution
5793:Catholicism
5728:Transphobia
5711:Supremacism
5666:Lesbophobia
5586:Aporophobia
5551:Anti-autism
5402:Taste-based
5397:Statistical
5331:Victimology
5306:Psychopathy
5128:Persecution
5103:Humiliation
5093:Gaslighting
5076:Elder abuse
5027:Child abuse
4943:(1): 7–41.
4635:(1), 1–20.
4558:(1), 7–41.
4397:: 335–348.
3188:Taylor 2016
2888:Persecution
2878:Humiliation
2513:hate crimes
2505:hate crimes
2354:Bob Blauner
2296:Audre Lorde
2151:democracies
2139:LGBT people
1705:Nonviolence
1700:LGBT rights
1665:Empowerment
1633:Anti-racism
1547:Segregation
1492:No kid zone
1286:Persecution
1199:Hate speech
1150:Gay bashing
1125:Ethnic joke
1080:Dog whistle
1025:Blood libel
705:Azerbaijani
601:Neopaganism
594:Persecution
560:Persecution
543:Persecution
506:Catholicism
433:Transphobia
416:Supremacism
371:Lesbophobia
291:Aporophobia
256:Anti-autism
91:Taste-based
86:Statistical
7585:Categories
7552:Yugoslavia
7236:Stereotype
7231:Speciesism
7112:Oppression
7107:Oikophobia
7003:Allophilia
6987:Toleration
6844:Sodomy law
6737:Internment
6657:Witch-hunt
6535:Blackhawks
6465:Hate group
6453:Hate crime
6426:Gendercide
6416:Freak show
6406:Excellence
6366:Employment
6336:Defamation
6268:Vietnamese
6263:Venezuelan
6153:Lithuanian
5820:Falun Gong
5755:Xenophobia
5750:Vegaphobia
5733:Non-binary
5691:Pedophobia
5656:Homophobia
5478:Skin color
5438:Disability
5411:Attributes
5392:Structural
5286:Narcissism
5108:Incivility
5098:Harassment
4591:0847692744
4266:1522519610
4080:2012-08-08
4044:2018-11-19
4019:2018-11-05
3995:2018-11-05
3916:2018-11-04
3859:: 673900.
3833:2022-12-08
3793:2022-12-08
3751:2022-12-08
3725:2017-04-24
3696:2017-04-24
3578:2017-11-18
3006:2017-11-23
2950:References
2805:bell hooks
2716:Outsourced
2588:fourteenth
2584:thirteenth
2191:See also:
2041:Oppression
1985:Stereotype
1980:Speciesism
1862:Oppression
1858:Oikophobia
1754:Allophilia
1730:Toleration
1579:Sodomy law
1472:Internment
1386:Witch-hunt
1264:Blackhawks
1194:Hate group
1182:Hate crime
1155:Gendercide
1145:Freak show
1135:Excellence
1095:Employment
1065:Defamation
989:Vietnamese
984:Venezuelan
874:Lithuanian
533:Falun Gong
460:Xenophobia
455:Vegaphobia
438:Non-binary
396:Pedophobia
361:Homophobia
175:Skin color
135:Disability
106:Attributes
81:Structural
7601:Injustice
7209:Christian
7137:Prejudice
7085:Masculism
7033:Diversity
6827:religious
6802:Redlining
6401:Ethnocide
6361:Education
6253:Ukrainian
6188:Pakistani
6178:Mongolian
6099:Australia
6081:Hungarian
6036:Colombian
6016:Bulgarian
5898:Rastafari
5852:Ahmadiyya
5765:Religious
5743:Trans men
5701:Pregnancy
5636:Gayphobia
5631:Fatphobia
5536:Acephobia
5531:Arophobia
5515:Viewpoint
5261:Isolation
5081:Financial
4957:145564250
4928:702181996
4901:845153793
4824:963325772
4795:832466622
4764:442469051
4706:441154357
4520:491072106
4131:cite book
3875:1664-1078
3442:699188746
3400:cite book
3260:cite book
3175:607553768
3142:191465180
3109:340983053
3073:967148718
3040:968631692
2858:Anarchism
2830:hegemonic
2592:fifteenth
2577:New World
2556:Allyn Cox
2525:Minnesota
2319:Privilege
2306:Privilege
2226:talk page
2181:sociology
2090:opprimere
2086:oppressus
2080:The word
2062:injustice
2060:when the
2045:malicious
1958:Christian
1886:Prejudice
1836:Masculism
1784:Diversity
1562:religious
1537:Redlining
1130:Ethnocide
1090:Education
974:Ukrainian
909:Pakistani
899:Mongolian
820:Australia
802:Hungarian
757:Colombian
737:Bulgarian
611:Rastafari
565:Ahmadiyya
476:Religious
448:Trans men
406:Pregnancy
341:Gayphobia
336:Fatphobia
241:Acephobia
236:Arophobia
212:Viewpoint
7434:Bulgaria
7266:Category
7248:The talk
7184:Snobbery
7102:Net bias
6932:Feminism
6859:Ugly law
6700:Catholic
6668:policies
6515:Mortgage
6510:Lynching
6441:examples
6436:Genocide
6356:Economic
6341:Democide
6301:Bullying
6218:Romanian
6183:Nigerian
6126:Japanese
6061:Georgian
6046:Filipino
5979:Assyrian
5952:Armenian
5942:American
5937:Albanian
5919:National
5903:Yazidism
5825:Hinduism
5783:Buddhism
5686:Nepotism
5681:Misogyny
5676:Misandry
5601:Clannism
5596:Biphobia
5541:Adultism
5458:Language
5173:Stalking
5086:Marriage
5047:marriage
5042:military
5022:Bullying
4851:30399203
4733:42849654
4494:(2000).
4460:24661090
4376:24661090
4282:Archived
4071:Archived
3893:33986714
3801:citation
3719:Archived
3690:Archived
3652:Archived
3614:54587410
3572:Archived
3490:39875228
3392:43311710
3227:41528208
2980:Archived
2836:See also
2799:Feminism
2681:Ann Cudd
2629:Colorado
2507:. Since
2493:violence
2478:Buddhism
2446:Pilgrims
2362:genocide
2220:You may
2177:feminism
2082:oppress
1997:The talk
1933:Snobbery
1853:Net bias
1675:Feminism
1594:Ugly law
1435:Catholic
1401:Policies
1244:Mortgage
1239:Lynching
1170:examples
1165:Genocide
1085:Economic
1070:Democide
1030:Bullying
939:Romanian
904:Nigerian
847:Japanese
782:Georgian
767:Filipino
700:Assyrian
673:Armenian
663:American
658:Albanian
638:national
616:Yazidism
538:Hinduism
496:Buddhism
391:Nepotism
386:Misogyny
381:Misandry
306:Clannism
301:Biphobia
246:Adultism
155:Language
42:a series
40:Part of
7534:Romania
7488:Hungary
7416:Albania
7276:Commons
7055:Figleaf
6480:Housing
6248:Turkish
6198:Pashtun
6168:Mexican
6148:Kurdish
6121:Italian
6071:Haitian
6056:Finnish
6031:Chinese
6026:Chechen
6021:Catalan
6011:Bengali
5932:African
5917:Ethnic/
5876:Judaism
5867:Sunnism
5857:Shi'ism
5773:Atheism
5606:Elitism
5505:Species
5443:Genetic
5433:Dialect
5194:more...
5123:Neglect
5032:neglect
4872:3953706
4534:Sources
4452:1229039
4368:1229039
4107:: 1–28.
3884:8111297
2663:serfdom
2651:closure
2617:Arizona
2611:issued
2562:(1940).
2370:slavery
1806:Figleaf
1209:Housing
969:Turkish
919:Pashtun
889:Mexican
869:Kurdish
842:Italian
792:Haitian
777:Finnish
752:Chinese
747:Chechen
742:Catalan
732:Bengali
653:African
636:Ethnic/
589:Judaism
580:Sunnism
570:Shi'ism
486:Atheism
311:Elitism
202:Species
140:Genetic
130:Dialect
7511:Poland
7241:threat
7095:autism
6832:sexual
6822:racial
6705:Jewish
6562:Pogrom
6540:Chiefs
6530:Braves
6258:Uyghur
6233:Somali
6228:Slavic
6213:Romani
6208:Quebec
6203:Polish
6143:Korean
6104:Canada
6091:Indian
6076:Hazara
6051:Fulani
5962:France
5927:Afghan
5862:Sufism
5591:Audism
5524:Social
5453:Height
5241:Denial
5037:sexual
4955:
4926:
4916:
4899:
4889:
4870:
4849:
4839:
4822:
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4793:
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4752:
4731:
4721:
4704:
4694:
4666:
4649:
4620:
4603:
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4508:
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4409:
4374:
4366:
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3612:
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3478:
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3248:
3225:
3215:
3173:
3163:
3140:
3130:
3107:
3097:
3071:
3061:
3038:
3028:
2972:
2898:Sexism
2621:Kansas
2590:, and
2521:mosque
2484:, and
2482:Taoism
2405:Sexism
2343:Racism
2109:, and
2049:unjust
1990:threat
1846:autism
1567:sexual
1557:racial
1440:Jewish
1291:Pogrom
1269:Chiefs
1259:Braves
979:Uyghur
954:Somali
949:Slavic
934:Romani
929:Quebec
924:Polish
864:Korean
825:Canada
812:Indian
797:Hazara
772:Fulani
683:France
648:Afghan
575:Sufism
296:Audism
227:Social
150:Height
7591:Abuse
7333:Gulag
7219:white
6572:Purge
6238:Tatar
6163:Māori
6158:Malay
6116:Irish
6066:Greek
6041:Croat
5999:China
5957:Asian
5842:Islam
5716:White
5463:Looks
5428:Class
5423:Caste
5380:Forms
5271:Lying
5004:Types
4996:Abuse
4953:S2CID
4456:S2CID
4448:JSTOR
4372:S2CID
4364:JSTOR
4074:(PDF)
4063:(PDF)
3610:S2CID
2925:Notes
2123:women
2053:power
1968:white
1301:Purge
959:Tatar
884:Māori
879:Malay
837:Irish
787:Greek
762:Croat
720:China
678:Asian
555:Islam
421:White
160:Looks
125:Class
120:Caste
67:Forms
7214:male
7013:Bias
6458:LGBT
6243:Thai
6223:Serb
6086:Igbo
5947:Arab
5721:Male
5510:Size
5490:Rank
4924:OCLC
4914:ISBN
4897:OCLC
4887:ISBN
4868:OCLC
4847:OCLC
4837:ISBN
4820:OCLC
4810:ISBN
4791:OCLC
4781:ISBN
4760:OCLC
4750:ISBN
4729:OCLC
4719:ISBN
4702:OCLC
4692:ISBN
4664:ISBN
4647:ISBN
4618:ISBN
4601:ISBN
4587:ISBN
4570:ISBN
4545:ISBN
4516:OCLC
4506:ISBN
4407:ISBN
4299:ISBN
4262:ISBN
4242:ISBN
4137:link
3942:ISBN
3889:PMID
3871:ISSN
3807:link
3782:ISBN
3550:help
3486:OCLC
3476:ISBN
3438:OCLC
3428:ISBN
3406:link
3388:OCLC
3378:ISBN
3266:link
3246:ISBN
3223:OCLC
3213:ISBN
3194:help
3171:OCLC
3161:ISBN
3138:OCLC
3128:ISBN
3105:OCLC
3095:ISBN
3069:OCLC
3059:ISBN
3036:OCLC
3026:ISBN
2970:ISBN
2637:and
2619:and
2599:and
2364:and
1963:male
1764:Bias
1187:LGBT
964:Thai
944:Serb
807:Igbo
668:Arab
426:Male
207:Size
187:Rank
6817:age
5495:Sex
5418:Age
4945:doi
4502:295
4440:doi
4399:doi
4356:doi
3879:PMC
3861:doi
3774:doi
3602:doi
2523:in
2047:or
2043:is
1552:age
192:Sex
115:Age
7587::
4951:.
4941:19
4939:.
4922:.
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4504:.
4454:.
4446:.
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4434:.
4430:.
4405:.
4393:.
4370:.
4362:.
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4350:.
4346:.
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4133:}}
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4089:^
4065:.
4037:.
4012:.
3983:.
3967:39
3965:.
3940:.
3938:40
3909:.
3887:.
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3869:.
3857:12
3855:.
3851:.
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3803:}}
3799:{{
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3768:,
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3688:.
3684:.
3660:^
3646:.
3622:^
3608:.
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