471:, published by the Ministry of Justice, printed a vitriolic attack against members of some religious groups, describing the groups as foreign and implying they were dangerous. There, the government continues to restrict the freedom of parents of Jehovah's Witnesses to raise their children in accordance with their religious beliefs. Also, copies of Christian literature were confiscated by the government, including the Bible; the government claiming that it was not authentic Christian religious literature. In 2003, some Jehovah's Witnesses were denied exit visas. Other Witnesses who were able to obtain exit visas were stopped after crossing a border and forced to return. Others were stopped and prevented from boarding a flight to another country because their names were included on a "black list" of citizens prohibited from leaving the country.
778:, environmentalist and activist, citizen of Turkmenistan and Russia, was arrested on false charges for 46 days from December 2006 to January 2007. Due to international pressure, Andrey was released and the sentence was canceled. In June 2008, Andrey wrote a statement reporting that his and his friends' liberty could be in danger. He was being monitored and followed by the Turkmen authorities. On October 20, 2009, Andrey was arrested for the second time and sentenced to 5 years in prison for assault. In November 2009, after international pressure from environmental and human rights organisations and Russian authorities, Zatoka was released upon payment of a fine, relinquishing his
464:
conviction and the free expression of those convictions". The UN committee noted, "The State party should take all necessary measures to review its legislation with a view to providing for alternative military service. The State party should also ensure that the law clearly stipulates that individuals have the right to conscientious objection to military service. Furthermore, the State party should halt all prosecutions of individuals who refuse to perform military service on grounds of conscience and release those individuals who are currently serving prison sentences."
724:
712:
700:
43:
3387:
549:
3397:
537:. It is considered to be one of the ten most censored countries. Each broadcast under Niyazov began with a pledge that the broadcaster's tongue would shrivel if he slandered the country, flag, or president. While he was president, Niyazov controlled all Turkmen media outlets, and personally appointed journalists. Controversy surrounds the death of
760:, an opposition leader to Niyazov's government, was arrested in 1995 and released in 1999 after a presidential amnesty decree. He moved to Norway to live with refugee status. Back in Turkmenistan, he was arrested in June 2008 and sentenced to 11 years in jail following a closed-door trial; the charges against him are unknown. Similarly,
790:
Arbitrary arrests and mistreatment of detained persons are common in
Turkmenistan, as is torture to obtain confessions. In 2004, border guards shot and killed six people who were allegedly illegally crossing the border from Iran. There are reports of prisoners dying after having food and medical care
594:
It has been reported that journalists have been harassed by the government; some have been kept in prison and prosecuted with false accusations and unfair trials. Journalists frequently receive death threats. Activist Sazak
Durdymuradov was detained in 2005 for collaborating with a French TV channel
344:
were nullified, drastically limiting the people's access to work. At the same time, universities have been encouraged to reject applicants with non-Turkmen surnames, especially ethnic
Russians. Russian television is difficult to receive in Turkmenistan. The Russian-language radio station Mayak was
653:
Turkmenistan ranks among the most repressive and closed societies in the world. The
Internet is heavily regulated and available only to a small fraction of the population. Censorship is ubiquitous and extensive. An investigation published in 2023 reveals the country blocks at least 122,000 domain
670:
are not accessible through the
Turkmenet. Attempts to get around this censorship can lead to grave consequences. However, only Russian social networks Odnoklassniki and Mail Agent Chatting system are available. In addition to this, there is a newly founded (27 March 2012) local Turkmen social
657:
Websites run by human rights organizations and news agencies are blocked. Moreover, ordinary citizens have no access to the World Wide Web, and instead are limited to the use of the
Turkmenet, an online community in Turkmen language, but effectively a censored version of the Internet. Social
463:
has indicated that
Jehovah's Witness in Turkmenistan have been prosecuted and imprisoned for refusing to perform compulsory military service, despite Turkmenistan's Constitution guaranteeing the right to "practice any religion alone or in association with others" and the right to "freedom of
459:. Jehovah's Witnesses have been imprisoned and suffered beatings due to being conscientious objectors. For example, a 33-year-old member of the denomination was sentenced to a 4-year prison term after being found carrying religious literature at a train station in Dashoguz. The
641:
are under constant harassment and risk their life and liberty. On April 18, 2008, freelance journalist Sona Chuli Kuli was interrogated for several days under physiological pressure and forced to sign a statement agreeing not to collaborate with the international media.
806:, Turkmenistan was condemned for "alleged torture", arbitrary arrests and detentions, involuntary confinement, imprisonment of political prisoners, severe corruption, lack of free and fair elections, and restrictions on freedom of religion, assembly, and movement.
2464:
Nourin, Sadia; Tran, Van; Jiang, Xi; Bock, Kevin; Feamster, Nick; Hoang, Nguyen Phong; Levin, Dave (2023-04-10). "Measuring and
Evading Turkmenistan's Internet Censorship: A Case Study in Large-Scale Measurements of a Low-Penetration Country".
768:, former head of the State Security Council, had closed-door trials and remain in prison. Amnesty International suspects that the reason for the imprisonments lies in the fact that both were potential political rivals of the current President
521:
All mass media in
Turkmenistan is controlled by the State. In July 2010, President Berdimuhamedow announced plans to allow private newspapers in the country. Once launched, they were expected to focus on successful business stories.
440:, despite international pressure, the authorities severely repress all religious groups, and the legal framework is so constrictive that many prefer to exist underground rather than have to pass through all of the official hurdles.
329:. Many of those fleeing "in panic" reportedly feared being trapped in a state which has been widely criticised for human rights abuses and has imposed severe restrictions on foreign travel for its citizens. Those without Russian
482:(released November 8, 2005) indicates persistent restrictions on religious freedoms in Turkmenistan, while categorizing it among countries that had made "significant improvements in the promotion of religious freedom."
2220:
2188:
747:. They are not granted any access by the International Red Cross, OSCE, or any medical institutions. There have been rumours of their deaths, but these cannot be confirmed, and the whereabouts of most are unknown.
512:
In 2023, the country was scored zero out of 4 for religious freedom; it was noted that restrictions have tightened since 2016. In the same year it was ranked the 26th worst place in the world to be a
Christian.
489:
stated, however, "The reforms that were instituted by the Niyazov regime over the past year did not go far enough, and even the report itself states that serious violations of religious freedom continue."
509:, appealed to the government of Turkmenistan in June 2003 and again in 2005 for an invitation to visit the country; an invitation was issued in 2008 and a one-week visit was completed in September 2008.
391:. News anchors, both men and women, were prevented from wearing any sort of make-up after Niyazov discovered he was unable to tell the difference between them when the presenters wore it.
134:
3433:
298:'s human rights record has been heavily criticized by various countries and scholars worldwide. Standards in education and health declined markedly during the rule of President
3496:
2228:
2196:
3486:
282:
674:
Internet censorship in Turkmenistan was classified as pervasive in the political area and as selective in the social, conflict/security and internet tools areas by the
735:
Any opposition to the government is considered treason and punishable by life imprisonment. Turkmenistan has many political prisoners, the most well-known of whom are
101:
654:
names. Surveillance is significant, and the few citizens who benefit from access to the Internet are closely monitored by state agencies. Self-censorship is common.
3501:
3442:
456:
595:
for a report on Turkmenistan. He was sentenced to eight years in jail under the accusation of "illegal acquisition, possession or sale of ammunition or firearms".
4168:
4032:
387:. It has been speculated that the latter ban was enacted to enforce conformity of appearance. Niyazov ordered the closure of all libraries outside the capital of
3972:
2605:
2302:
4093:
3739:
3426:
2967:
2924:
1925:"Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant -Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee - Turkmenistan"
1467:
603:
2707:
2276:
1772:
2439:
4273:
3814:
2033:
1441:
Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.
799:
181:
2888:
3819:
3276:
637:
The freelance journalists collaborating with international media are being closely watched by the state's security departments. Correspondents for
4148:
3419:
3301:
2757:
164:
159:
154:
2067:
4203:
3321:
2943:
2808:
483:
340:
For these who remained, estimated at 100,000, all Soviet-time diplomas, certificates and other official documents that were issued outside the
275:
113:
614:
were arrested by Turkmen security forces on espionage charges, later changed to illegal firearm charges. Amnesty International considers them
4325:
4208:
4142:
2390:
1924:
1716:
1679:
460:
704:
Saparmurat Turkmenbashi sacks and arrests Prosecutor General Gurbanbibi Atajanova during live translation. She cries and pleads for her life
3586:
3026:
631:
2682:
3987:
3633:
3536:
3352:
2999:
2995:
1408:
486:
414:
186:
176:
90:
61:
2555:
1525:
309:, no significant improvements regarding human rights and civil liberty have been observed by international human rights organizations.
4304:
4299:
4258:
3997:
3957:
3623:
3471:
2329:"United Nations declares Turkmenistan's detention of Annakurban Amanklychev and Sapardurdy Khadzhiev a violation of international law"
1496:
1398:
4078:
4037:
3824:
3749:
3689:
3541:
3111:
2858:
1413:
803:
268:
224:
1927:. United Nations Human Rights Office of the high Commissioner - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 19 April 2012
4289:
4198:
3992:
3932:
3887:
3729:
3593:
3566:
3521:
3362:
1985:
128:
105:
4188:
4022:
3967:
3937:
3799:
3789:
3759:
3643:
3316:
3221:
849:
538:
2930:
4238:
4223:
4163:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4113:
4083:
4042:
3947:
3809:
3774:
3694:
3658:
3648:
3581:
3481:
2092:
214:
123:
2733:
4263:
4228:
4158:
4133:
4073:
4068:
4063:
3977:
3867:
3831:
3779:
3744:
3714:
3704:
3618:
3608:
3598:
3571:
3551:
3326:
2783:
2328:
1911:
1842:
1655:
4183:
4173:
4108:
4012:
4007:
3892:
3877:
3794:
3764:
3699:
3663:
3613:
3531:
3506:
3236:
3191:
2963:
423:
255:
196:
56:
3902:
3769:
3734:
3684:
3638:
3603:
3561:
3546:
3526:
3357:
3161:
3156:
3051:
1418:
229:
2612:
2170:
4294:
3942:
3907:
3872:
3804:
3653:
3576:
3491:
3281:
3256:
3171:
3151:
3101:
3071:
3061:
1946:
1475:
498:
3628:
3556:
3476:
3367:
3246:
3241:
3121:
2951:
2934:
2280:
1142:
769:
679:
623:
529:' 2006 World Press Freedom Index, Turkmenistan had the third-worst press freedom conditions in the world, behind
526:
395:
306:
209:
145:
76:
68:
2711:
2414:
1579:
715:
3311:
3261:
3216:
3196:
3186:
3086:
3043:
3019:
2971:
2636:
1799:
475:
322:
118:
95:
33:
1776:
1580:"The New Humanitatian | TURKMENISTAN: Focus on ethnic minorities | Turkmenistan | Human Rights"
751:
4002:
3857:
3852:
3836:
3286:
3201:
3181:
3066:
3056:
1629:
1554:
634:
also called for their immediate release, stating that their detention was a violation of international law.
502:
204:
4178:
4017:
3927:
3922:
3882:
3862:
3331:
3266:
3231:
3166:
3146:
3136:
3096:
3081:
3076:
740:
615:
607:
448:
779:
3897:
3754:
3719:
3372:
3291:
3251:
3226:
3206:
3141:
3116:
3106:
3091:
2661:
2496:
2224:
2192:
2071:
1529:
596:
82:
2761:
765:
452:
4243:
4218:
4098:
3962:
3724:
3709:
3668:
3516:
3466:
3211:
3176:
3131:
3126:
3035:
2985:
1403:
815:
761:
757:
611:
491:
2940:
2812:
2380:"Alternative Report on the Human Rights situation in Turkmenistan for the Universal Periodic Review"
1706:"Alternative report on the Human Rights situation in Turkmenistan for the Universal Periodic Review"
4268:
4193:
4123:
4103:
4088:
3511:
3456:
3341:
3012:
2055:
775:
744:
419:
3411:
3396:
2379:
1817:
1705:
1683:
352:, an ethnic minority. The same happened to Uzbeks, whose language is no longer taught in schools.
4253:
4233:
4213:
4153:
3912:
3784:
3461:
2737:
2484:
2466:
2358:
2306:
1423:
868:
792:
675:
627:
542:
427:
364:
361:
299:
2303:"Letter to President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov regarding human rights concerns in Turkmenistan"
650:
Individual access to the Internet was first authorized in 2008, and access has since increased.
2686:
4248:
4047:
3982:
3952:
3917:
2096:
2016:. United States Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 21 May 2015
1846:
736:
638:
2833:
1533:
2563:
2476:
2254:
1504:
619:
318:
2009:
2947:
2657:
2509:
1867:
380:
2991:
1961:"TURKMENISTAN: Torture and jail for one 4 year and 14 short-term prisoners of conscience"
2354:
334:
42:
2138:
1960:
1751:
1604:
795:, a journalist and human rights activist, died violently in prison in September 2006.
17:
4319:
3390:
2884:
2488:
819:
506:
494:
402:
349:
2526:
426:. However, like other human rights, in practice it does not exist. Former President
405:
on land mines, setting it apart from many of its neighbors (excluding Afghanistan).
545:, who was apparently tortured to death in September 2006 while in state detention.
295:
2957:
2440:"New study finds internet censorship in Turkmenistan reaches over 122,000 domains"
548:
2976:
1891:
3400:
2277:"Reporters Without Borders Concerned Over Conditions Faced by Turkmen Prisoners"
1555:"The EU should obtain significant improvements in the field of the human Rights"
530:
384:
341:
2787:
2585:"The signal of freedom, part 4: Berdimuhammedov knows why the caged bird sings"
2332:
2044:
727:
703:
444:
441:
394:
In 2008, the bans of circuses and operas were reversed, but the former leader
368:
2250:
1868:"International Campaign to Ban Landmines - Treaty Status | The Treaty | ICBL"
2480:
1821:
1468:"Turkmenistan | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2009"
2584:
1630:"Institute for War and Peace Reporting | Giving Voice, Driving Change"
716:
Turkmen president Berdymuhammedow oversees the arrests of Turkmen officials
2221:"ANNAKURBAN AMANKLYCHEV AND SAPARDURDY KHADZHIEV, PRISONERS OF CONSCIENCE"
2980:
2189:"Annakurban Amanklychev and Sapardurdy Khadzhiev prisoners of conscience"
2117:
1912:"Mother of Four-Year-Old Receives Unjust Prison Sentence in Turkmenistan"
1608:
659:
437:
388:
330:
326:
3004:
2859:"U.S. Charges Russia, Iran With Serious Rights Abuses In Annual Report"
667:
663:
630:
have all described the charges as fabricated. On 11 December 2010, the
534:
432:
242:
501:
have clearly received more credit than the facts would warrant." The
376:
2920:
2471:
2251:"Fears for three Turkmen human rights defenders held incommunicado"
814:
The following chart shows Turkmenistan's ratings since 1991 in the
345:
taken off the air. and the Russian newspapers were banned earlier.
2658:"Individuals continue to be at risk of violations in Turkmenistan"
2415:"5 Places Where Internet Access is REALLY Expensive | UN Dispatch"
2152:
1914:, Jehovah's Witnesses, 27 August 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
1656:"Turkmenistan: OSCE Visit Briefly Highlights Plight Of Minorities"
678:
in December 2010. Turkmenistan was listed as an internet enemy by
372:
2386:
1712:
1558:
398:
banned the importation of cars and trucks produced before 2000.
3415:
3008:
2914:
2834:"2005 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Turkmenistan"
2758:"Turkmenistan: Russian Government Working for Zatoka's Release"
2556:"Ennemis d'Internet - Turkmenistan - Reporters Without Borders"
2045:
United Nations News website, article dated September 10, 20098
337:, and fear that they may never be able to return to Russia.
2889:"Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses, FIW 1973-2022"
2010:"Turkmenistan: International Religious Freedom Report 2004"
1800:"Obituaries: Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan"
348:
It is forbidden to teach the customs and language of the
2921:
Turkmenistan: Spotlight, Highlights, At a Glance, Latest
1752:"BBC NEWS - Asia-Pacific - Young Turkmen face beard ban"
436:, is imposed on all religious communities. According to
2034:
United Nations website, article dated September 2, 2008
833:
305:
Since December 2006, under the Government of President
447:
adherents are affected, in addition to groups such as
2611:. Crudeaccountability.org. 2010-02-24. Archived from
2521:
2519:
480:
2005 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom
321:
agreement with Russia in 2003 prompted thousands of
4282:
4056:
3845:
3677:
3449:
3340:
3300:
3042:
2093:"Turkmenistan plans to allow privately owned media"
692:
671:network, E-Dostluk, which is currently accessible.
632:
United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
2811:. Crude Accountability. 2009-11-10. Archived from
2784:"Andrei Zatoka's Long and Winding Road to Russia?"
1605:"Asia-Pacific | Russians 'flee' Turkmenistan"
1947:"One Year of Unjust Imprisonment in Turkmenistan"
1526:"Turkmenistan -Amnesty International Report 2007"
2171:"Turkmenistan: Death Threats Against Journalist"
3443:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
2331:. Freedom Now. 11 December 2010. Archived from
383:in public, long hair on men, and even growing
317:The Turkmen government's decision to cancel a
3427:
3020:
2550:
2548:
2546:
1986:"Turkmenistan 2015/2016: Freedom of religion"
276:
8:
2968:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2925:International Freedom of Expression Exchange
782:and immediate emigration from Turkmenistan.
604:Turkmen Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
2056:Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-08
754:was freed after he completed his sentence.
728:Second wave of arrests of Turkmen officials
467:A July 2003 issue of state-owned newspaper
3434:
3420:
3412:
3027:
3013:
3005:
2068:"Open Doors website, retrieved 2023-08-08"
824:
822:. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free".
283:
269:
28:
2685:. Crudeaccountability.org. Archived from
2470:
1818:"Opera circus bans in Turkmenistan ended"
1680:"Assessment for Russians in Turkmenistan"
800:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
325:to leave Turkmenistan as they lost their
2760:. Eurasianet. 2009-10-29. Archived from
2527:"Turkmenistan | OpenNet Initiative"
1843:"Turkmenistan bans import of older cars"
1497:"2008 Human Rights Report: Turkmenistan"
599:considers the accusations to be forged.
547:
401:As of 2017, Turkmenistan has signed the
313:Discrimination against ethnic minorities
2986:Turkmenistan: Beard Ban Angers Students
1458:
618:and named them a 2011 "priority case."
31:
2710:. Crude Accountability. Archived from
2505:
2494:
1426:– famous Turkmen prison for dissidents
689:
371:, listening to car radios, performing
2977:Turkmenistan Religious Freedom Survey
2964:Turkmenistan 2012 Human Rights Report
2917:- Turkmen Initiative for Human Rights
2215:
2213:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
461:United Nations Human Rights Committee
7:
764:, former Speaker of Parliament, and
2996:United Nations Human Rights Council
2941:Internet Enemies 2012: Turkmenistan
1409:Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan
430:'s book of spiritual writings, the
422:is guaranteed by article 11 of the
415:Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan
1654:Pannier, Bruce (2 February 2012).
1399:Capital punishment in Turkmenistan
505:on Freedom of Religion or Belief,
25:
2139:"Journalist dies in Turkmen jail"
1892:"Forum 18 Analyses: Turkmenistan"
1414:Human trafficking in Turkmenistan
3395:
3386:
3385:
2153:"2022 World Press Freedom Index"
722:
710:
698:
41:
2863:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2782:Maria Yanovskaya (2009-11-11).
2396:from the original on 2009-04-30
1722:from the original on 2009-04-30
1660:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
818:reports, published annually by
539:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3353:British Indian Ocean Territory
2734:"Statement from Andrei Zatoka"
589: Not classified / No data
1:
4326:Human rights in Turkmenistan
2915:“Chronicles of Turkmenistan”
2732:Andrei Zatoka (2009-10-29).
2118:"10 Most Censored Countries"
1798:Andrew Osborn (2006-12-22).
1368:
1351:
1334:
1317:
1300:
1283:
1266:
1249:
1232:
1215:
1198:
1181:
1164:
1147:
1128:
1111:
1094:
1077:
1060:
1043:
1026:
1009:
992:
975:
958:
941:
924:
907:
890:
873:
854:
583: Very serious situation
565: Satisfactory situation
424:Constitution of Turkmenistan
1967:. Felix Corley. 21 May 2015
1773:"Turkmenistan daily digest"
1466:Turkmenistan (2012-01-13).
1419:LGBT rights in Turkmenistan
135:Party of Industrialists and
4342:
2786:. Ferghana. Archived from
2708:"Organizations for Zatoka"
1382:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1369:
1365:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1352:
1348:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1335:
1331:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1318:
1314:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1301:
1297:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1284:
1280:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1267:
1263:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1250:
1246:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1233:
1229:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1216:
1212:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1199:
1195:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1182:
1178:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1165:
1161:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1148:
1129:
1112:
1095:
1078:
1061:
1044:
1027:
1010:
993:
976:
959:
942:
925:
908:
891:
874:
855:
412:
3381:
3000:Universal Periodic Review
2952:Reporters Without Borders
2935:Reporters Without Borders
2587:. New Eurasia. 2010-05-24
2281:Reporters Without Borders
2157:Reporters Without Borders
1143:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
770:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
721:
709:
697:
680:Reporters Without Borders
624:Reporters Without Borders
577: Difficult situation
571: Noticeable problems
527:Reporters Without Borders
497:noted, "Turkmenistan and
396:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
307:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
69:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
3487:Central African Republic
3102:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2972:U.S. Department of State
2838:U.S. Department of State
1804:The Independent (London)
553:2022 Press Freedom Index
476:U.S. Department of State
333:may be forced to become
197:Administrative divisions
34:Politics of Turkmenistan
3973:Palestinian territories
3363:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2637:"Statement Annaniyazov"
2481:10.1145/3543507.3583189
752:Muhammertguly Aýmyradow
616:prisoners of conscience
503:U.N. Special Rapporteur
4143:YouTube video blocking
4094:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2992:Review of Turkmenistan
2683:"Crude Accountability"
2504:Cite journal requires
1584:thenewhumanitarian.org
1532:. 2007. Archived from
608:Annakurban Amanklychev
591:
367:banned the playing of
114:State Security Council
18:Racism in Turkmenistan
3036:Human rights in Asia
2981:Forum 18 News Service
2662:Amnesty International
2606:"Crude Accontability"
2225:Amnesty International
2193:Amnesty International
1530:Amnesty international
597:Amnesty International
551:
517:Freedom of expression
83:Serdar Berdimuhamedow
4033:United Arab Emirates
3277:United Arab Emirates
2994:, 9 December 2008 -
2958:Turkmenistan Project
1779:on September 4, 2008
1686:on November 20, 2006
1404:Human rights in Asia
816:Freedom in the World
810:Historical situation
758:Gulgeldy Annaniyazov
741:Ýazgeldi Gündogdyýew
612:Sapardurdy Khadzhiev
559: Good situation
106:Dünýägözel Gulmanowa
3815:Trinidad and Tobago
3304:limited recognition
1125:Saparmurat Niyazov
1108:Saparmurat Niyazov
1091:Saparmurat Niyazov
1074:Saparmurat Niyazov
1057:Saparmurat Niyazov
1040:Saparmurat Niyazov
1023:Saparmurat Niyazov
1006:Saparmurat Niyazov
989:Saparmurat Niyazov
972:Saparmurat Niyazov
955:Saparmurat Niyazov
938:Saparmurat Niyazov
921:Saparmurat Niyazov
904:Saparmurat Niyazov
887:Saparmurat Niyazov
828:Historical ratings
804:US State Department
780:Turkmen citizenship
484:U.S. Representative
449:Jehovah's Witnesses
420:Freedom of religion
409:Freedom of religion
3740:Dominican Republic
2988:, 21 February 2005
2946:2016-03-13 at the
2738:Human rights Watch
2359:Human rights Watch
2307:Human Rights Watch
2283:. 19 February 2009
2175:Human Rights Watch
2141:. BBC. 2006-09-14.
869:Saparmurat Niyazov
793:Ogulsapar Myradowa
676:OpenNet Initiative
628:Human Rights Watch
592:
543:Ogulsapar Myradowa
428:Saparmurat Niyazov
365:Saparmurat Niyazov
300:Saparmurat Niyazov
4313:
4312:
3409:
3408:
3346:other territories
2639:. NHC. 2008-11-19
2097:Radio Free Europe
1847:Radio Free Europe
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
840:Political Rights
766:Akmurad Redzhepov
733:
732:
686:Political freedom
658:networks such as
639:Radio Free Europe
293:
292:
225:Foreign relations
119:Political parties
16:(Redirected from
4333:
4305:Papua New Guinea
3589:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3358:Christmas Island
3044:Sovereign states
3029:
3022:
3015:
3006:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:on June 26, 2008
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:on July 25, 2011
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:on July 25, 2011
2617:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2562:. Archived from
2552:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2492:
2474:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2231:on 29 April 2011
2227:. Archived from
2217:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2195:. Archived from
2185:
2179:
2178:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2070:. Archived from
2064:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1775:. Archived from
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1748:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1682:. Archived from
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1503:. Archived from
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1474:. Archived from
1472:Freedomhouse.org
1463:
1449:As of January 1.
1448:
1440:
843:Civil Liberties
834:
825:
786:Police brutality
745:Boris Şyhmyradow
726:
725:
714:
713:
702:
701:
690:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
319:dual-citizenship
285:
278:
271:
129:Democratic Party
108:
71:
62:People's Council
45:
29:
21:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4278:
4209:North Macedonia
4052:
3841:
3673:
3585:
3445:
3440:
3410:
3405:
3377:
3345:
3336:
3317:Northern Cyprus
3303:
3296:
3038:
3033:
2979:, March 2012 -
2948:Wayback Machine
2911:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2865:. 13 March 2019
2857:
2856:
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2831:
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2807:
2806:
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2742:
2740:
2731:
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2717:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2667:
2665:
2664:. February 2009
2656:
2655:
2651:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2590:
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2578:
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2517:
2503:
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2433:
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2382:
2378:
2377:
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2362:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2335:on 8 April 2011
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2309:. 12 March 2009
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2257:. 3 August 2008
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2202:
2200:
2187:
2186:
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2169:
2168:
2164:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1990:www.amnesty.org
1984:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1841:
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1836:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1797:
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1770:
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1723:
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1479:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1456:
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1437:
1433:
1395:
812:
788:
762:Ovezgeldy Ataev
723:
711:
699:
693:External videos
688:
648:
590:
586:
584:
580:
578:
574:
572:
568:
566:
562:
560:
556:
519:
417:
411:
358:
323:ethnic Russians
315:
289:
260:
256:Other countries
219:
191:
175:Parliamentary:
169:
139:
136:
100:
85:
66:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4339:
4337:
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4328:
4318:
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4308:
4307:
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4284:
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4276:
4274:United Kingdom
4271:
4266:
4261:
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4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
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4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4114:Czech Republic
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4054:
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3712:
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3672:
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3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3587:Western Sahara
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
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3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
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3229:
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3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
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3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2989:
2983:
2974:
2961:
2955:
2938:
2928:
2918:
2910:
2909:External links
2907:
2905:
2904:
2876:
2850:
2825:
2815:on May 3, 2009
2809:"Zatoka Freed"
2800:
2774:
2749:
2724:
2699:
2674:
2649:
2628:
2597:
2576:
2542:
2515:
2506:|journal=
2456:
2431:
2406:
2371:
2355:"Turkmenistan"
2346:
2320:
2294:
2268:
2242:
2209:
2180:
2162:
2144:
2130:
2109:
2084:
2059:
2048:
2037:
2026:
2014:www.state.gov/
2001:
1977:
1952:
1938:
1916:
1904:
1883:
1859:
1834:
1809:
1790:
1764:
1732:
1697:
1671:
1646:
1621:
1596:
1571:
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1038:
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1021:
1018:
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1007:
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984:
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964:
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947:
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860:
857:
853:
852:
847:
844:
841:
838:
830:
829:
811:
808:
787:
784:
737:Batyr Berdiýew
731:
730:
719:
718:
707:
706:
695:
694:
687:
684:
647:
644:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
518:
515:
413:Main article:
410:
407:
357:
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314:
311:
291:
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157:
153:Presidential:
150:
142:
141:
140:
133:
131:
126:
124:Agrarian Party
116:
111:
110:
109:
93:
88:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
72:
59:
51:
50:
47:
46:
38:
37:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4338:
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3820:United States
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3537:Guinea-Bissau
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3328:
3327:South Ossetia
3325:
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3309:
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2908:
2890:
2886:
2885:Freedom House
2880:
2877:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2790:on 2010-08-15
2789:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2764:on 2009-11-02
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2739:
2735:
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2650:
2638:
2632:
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2614:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2566:on 2016-02-01
2565:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
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2528:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2511:
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2460:
2457:
2445:
2444:Global Voices
2441:
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2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2392:
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2272:
2269:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2199:on 2011-04-29
2198:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2177:. 2017-08-08.
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2074:on 2023-06-03
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1894:. Forum18.org
1893:
1887:
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1873:
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1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1536:on 2010-05-09
1535:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1507:on 2009-02-26
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1478:on 2011-10-23
1477:
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823:
821:
820:Freedom House
817:
809:
807:
805:
801:
796:
794:
785:
783:
781:
777:
776:Andrey Zatoka
773:
771:
767:
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748:
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729:
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554:
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546:
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536:
532:
528:
525:According to
523:
516:
514:
510:
508:
507:Asma Jahangir
504:
500:
496:
495:Sam Brownback
493:
488:
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481:
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454:
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403:Ottawa Treaty
399:
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138:
137:Entrepreneurs
132:
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107:
103:
99:
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67:Chairperson:
65:
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58:
55:
54:
53:
52:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
35:
30:
27:
19:
4028:Turkmenistan
4027:
3988:Saudi Arabia
3634:South Africa
3624:Sierra Leone
3472:Burkina Faso
3342:Dependencies
3272:Turkmenistan
3271:
3237:Saudi Arabia
2960:- EurasiaNet
2931:Turkmenistan
2895:. Retrieved
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2837:
2828:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:the original
2803:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:the original
2777:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:the original
2752:
2741:. Retrieved
2727:
2716:. Retrieved
2712:the original
2702:
2691:. Retrieved
2687:the original
2677:
2666:. Retrieved
2652:
2641:. Retrieved
2631:
2620:. Retrieved
2613:the original
2600:
2589:. Retrieved
2579:
2568:. Retrieved
2564:the original
2559:
2534:. Retrieved
2530:
2497:cite journal
2459:
2448:. Retrieved
2446:. 2023-04-12
2443:
2434:
2423:. Retrieved
2421:. 2012-06-08
2418:
2409:
2398:. Retrieved
2374:
2363:. Retrieved
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:the original
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2229:the original
2201:. Retrieved
2197:the original
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2112:
2101:. Retrieved
2099:. 2010-07-10
2087:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:the original
2062:
2051:
2040:
2029:
2018:. Retrieved
2013:
2004:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1969:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1919:
1907:
1896:. Retrieved
1886:
1875:. Retrieved
1872:www.icbl.org
1871:
1862:
1851:. Retrieved
1849:. 2009-12-09
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1824:. 2008-01-20
1812:
1803:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1724:. Retrieved
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1674:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1636:. 2015-10-13
1633:
1624:
1613:. Retrieved
1611:. 2003-06-20
1599:
1588:. Retrieved
1586:. 2005-08-18
1583:
1574:
1563:. Retrieved
1561:. 2007-11-05
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:the original
1520:
1509:. Retrieved
1505:the original
1500:
1491:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1471:
1461:
1446:
1438:
865:Partly Free
813:
797:
789:
774:
756:
749:
734:
673:
656:
652:
649:
636:
601:
593:
552:
524:
520:
511:
492:U.S. Senator
479:
473:
468:
466:
457:Hare Krishna
431:
418:
400:
393:
362:Turkmenbashi
359:
356:Notable bans
347:
339:
316:
304:
296:Turkmenistan
294:
241:
237:Human rights
236:
57:Constitution
26:
4300:New Zealand
4259:Switzerland
4204:Netherlands
3998:South Korea
3978:Philippines
3958:North Korea
3853:Afghanistan
3825:Puerto Rico
3750:El Salvador
3542:Ivory Coast
3401:Asia portal
3302:States with
3222:Philippines
3162:South Korea
3157:North Korea
3052:Afghanistan
2843:14 February
2531:Opennet.net
2419:UN Dispatch
2123:14 February
1965:forum18.org
1783:February 9,
1757:14 February
1690:February 9,
1424:Owadan-Depe
541:journalist
531:North Korea
487:Chris Smith
385:facial hair
369:video games
342:Turkmen SSR
230:Visa policy
4199:Montenegro
4179:Kazakhstan
4079:Azerbaijan
4038:Uzbekistan
4018:Tajikistan
3933:Kyrgyzstan
3883:East Timor
3863:Bangladesh
3730:Costa Rica
3594:Mozambique
3577:Mauritania
3567:Madagascar
3282:Uzbekistan
3257:Tajikistan
3172:Kyrgyzstan
3152:Kazakhstan
3072:Bangladesh
3062:Azerbaijan
2819:2010-07-23
2794:2010-07-23
2768:2010-07-23
2743:2010-07-23
2718:2010-07-23
2693:2010-07-23
2668:2010-07-23
2643:2010-07-23
2622:2010-07-23
2591:2010-07-23
2570:2016-02-14
2560:En.rsf.org
2536:2016-02-14
2472:2304.04835
2450:2023-04-15
2425:2017-03-22
2400:2010-07-23
2365:2010-07-23
2255:Front Line
2203:2010-07-23
2103:2010-07-23
2078:2023-08-23
2020:2016-03-15
1995:2016-03-15
1971:2016-03-12
1898:2016-02-14
1877:2019-06-17
1853:2010-07-23
1828:2010-07-23
1726:2010-07-23
1665:2016-02-14
1640:2016-02-14
1615:2016-02-14
1590:2021-06-06
1565:2010-07-23
1540:2010-07-23
1511:2016-02-14
1482:2016-02-14
1454:References
798:In 2018's
791:withheld.
620:Front Line
606:activists
499:Uzbekistan
442:Protestant
4290:Australia
4189:Lithuania
4003:Sri Lanka
3993:Singapore
3898:Indonesia
3888:Hong Kong
3837:Venezuela
3790:Nicaragua
3760:Guatemala
3755:Greenland
3685:Argentina
3644:Swaziland
3368:Hong Kong
3322:Palestine
3247:Sri Lanka
3242:Singapore
3122:Indonesia
2489:258059692
1949:. jw.org.
1822:USA Today
1501:State.gov
1379:Not Free
1362:Not Free
1345:Not Free
1328:Not Free
1311:Not Free
1294:Not Free
1277:Not Free
1260:Not Free
1243:Not Free
1226:Not Free
1209:Not Free
1192:Not Free
1175:Not Free
1158:Not Free
1139:Not Free
1122:Not Free
1105:Not Free
1088:Not Free
1071:Not Free
1054:Not Free
1037:Not Free
1020:Not Free
1003:Not Free
986:Not Free
969:Not Free
952:Not Free
935:Not Free
918:Not Free
901:Not Free
884:Not Free
850:President
750:In 2009,
682:in 2011.
602:In 2006,
445:Christian
331:passports
210:Districts
146:elections
77:President
4320:Category
4244:Slovenia
4239:Slovakia
4219:Portugal
4099:Bulgaria
4023:Thailand
3968:Pakistan
3943:Mongolia
3938:Malaysia
3873:Cambodia
3810:Suriname
3800:Paraguay
3775:Honduras
3725:Colombia
3695:Barbados
3678:Americas
3669:Zimbabwe
3649:Tanzania
3517:Ethiopia
3502:Congo RO
3497:Congo DR
3482:Cameroon
3467:Botswana
3391:Category
3312:Abkhazia
3262:Thailand
3217:Pakistan
3197:Mongolia
3192:Maldives
3187:Malaysia
3087:Cambodia
2944:Archived
2887:(2022).
2869:13 March
2391:Archived
2339:18 April
2313:18 April
2287:18 April
2261:18 April
2235:18 April
1931:12 March
1717:Archived
1634:Iwpr.net
1609:BBC News
1393:See also
660:Facebook
646:Internet
438:Forum 18
389:Ashgabat
335:Turkmens
327:property
96:Assembly
4283:Oceania
4269:Ukraine
4224:Romania
4194:Moldova
4169:Ireland
4164:Iceland
4159:Hungary
4149:Georgia
4139:Germany
4129:Finland
4124:Estonia
4119:Denmark
4104:Croatia
4089:Belgium
4084:Belarus
4074:Austria
4069:Armenia
4064:Albania
4043:Vietnam
3948:Myanmar
3858:Bahrain
3832:Uruguay
3780:Jamaica
3745:Ecuador
3705:Bolivia
3690:Bahamas
3659:Tunisia
3629:Somalia
3619:Senegal
3609:Nigeria
3599:Namibia
3582:Morocco
3557:Liberia
3552:Lesotho
3512:Eritrea
3477:Burundi
3457:Algeria
3287:Vietnam
3202:Myanmar
3182:Lebanon
3112:Georgia
3067:Bahrain
3057:Armenia
2897:8 March
2159:. 2022.
846:Status
802:by the
668:Twitter
664:YouTube
535:Myanmar
433:Ruhnama
381:smoking
360:Former
243:Ruhnama
144:Recent
102:Speaker
91:Cabinet
4264:Turkey
4254:Sweden
4234:Serbia
4229:Russia
4214:Poland
4184:Latvia
4154:Greece
4134:France
4109:Cyprus
4057:Europe
4013:Taiwan
3928:Kuwait
3923:Jordan
3913:Israel
3868:Bhutan
3795:Panama
3785:Mexico
3765:Guyana
3715:Canada
3710:Brazil
3700:Belize
3664:Zambia
3614:Rwanda
3572:Malawi
3532:Guinea
3522:Gambia
3462:Angola
3450:Africa
3332:Taiwan
3267:Turkey
3232:Russia
3167:Kuwait
3147:Jordan
3137:Israel
3097:Cyprus
3082:Brunei
3077:Bhutan
2927:(IFEX)
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215:Cities
205:Region
4249:Spain
4174:Italy
4048:Yemen
4008:Syria
3983:Qatar
3953:Nepal
3918:Japan
3893:India
3878:China
3770:Haiti
3720:Chile
3639:Sudan
3604:Niger
3562:Libya
3547:Kenya
3527:Ghana
3507:Egypt
3373:Macau
3292:Yemen
3252:Syria
3227:Qatar
3207:Nepal
3142:Japan
3117:India
3107:Egypt
3092:China
2954:(RWB)
2937:(RWB)
2892:(XLS)
2616:(PDF)
2609:(PDF)
2485:S2CID
2467:arXiv
2394:(PDF)
2383:(PDF)
1720:(PDF)
1709:(PDF)
1431:Notes
1370:2021
1353:2020
1336:2019
1319:2018
1302:2017
1285:2016
1268:2015
1251:2014
1234:2013
1217:2012
1200:2011
1183:2010
1166:2009
1149:2008
1130:2007
1113:2006
1096:2005
1079:2004
1062:2003
1045:2002
1028:2001
1011:2000
994:1999
977:1998
960:1997
943:1996
926:1995
909:1994
892:1993
875:1992
856:1991
837:Year
373:opera
4295:Fiji
3963:Oman
3908:Iraq
3903:Iran
3846:Asia
3805:Peru
3735:Cuba
3654:Togo
3492:Chad
3212:Oman
3177:Laos
3132:Iraq
3127:Iran
2899:2022
2871:2019
2845:2016
2510:help
2387:FIDH
2341:2011
2315:2011
2289:2011
2263:2011
2237:2011
2125:2016
1933:2016
1785:2016
1759:2016
1713:FIDH
1692:2016
1559:FIDH
666:and
610:and
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