414:: Rabbits, especially neutered females and those that are kept indoors without adequate natural sunlight, can suffer from osteoporosis, in which holes appear in the skull by X-Ray imaging. This reflects the general thinning of the bone, and teeth will start to become looser in the sockets, making it uncomfortable and painful for the animal to chew hay. The inability to properly chew hay can result in molar spurs, as described above, and weight loss, leading into a downward spiral if not treated promptly. This can be reversible and treatable. A veterinary formulated liquid
584:
261:
908:) lay their eggs where rabbits live. The eggs hatch into larvae which enter the rabbit through the nose, mouth or open wound. The larvae migrate within the rabbit to just under the skin, where it forms a visible bump with breathing hole. It feeds off of the rabbit's flesh and bodily fluids for up to 30 days, reaching up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long. It then exits through the hole, pupates in the ground & emerges as an adult. These bot flies live in the eastern US and Canada and as far west as Arizona.
228:(TI) is sometimes called "trancing" or "playing dead". Physiological and behavioral responses to human-induced TI have been found to indicate a fear-motivated stress state in rabbits. Accordingly, even though people think the rabbits enjoy it, the promotion of TI to try to increase a bond between rabbits and their owners is misplaced. However, some researchers conclude that inducing TI in rabbits is appropriate for certain medical procedures, as it holds less risk than anesthesia.
20:
357:
924:
Overall prevalence of neoplasia continuously increases with age and may affect up to 45% of rabbits older than 6 years. Histologic criteria of malignancy is present in most tumor specimens and distant spread to other organs is common for lymphoma and uterine adenocarcinoma. Lymphoma commonly occur in younger rabbits and frequently affect lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, spleen, and liver.
178:. These vaccinations are usually given annually, two weeks apart. If there is an outbreak of myxomatosis locally, this vaccine can be administered every six months for extra protection. Myxomatosis immunizations are not available in all countries, including Australia, due to fears that immunity will pass on to feral rabbits. However, they are recommended by some veterinarians as
758:). Note that: "despite approximately half of all pet rabbits carrying the infection, only a small proportion of these cases ever show any illness". Symptoms may include drinking more water than usual, frequent peeing, seizures and even complete paralysis. Stressful situations may worsen the symptoms. There is a precedent for antibiotic treatment against
318:
ingestion. Stress factors can include changes in housing, transportation, or medical procedures under anesthesia. As many of these factors may occur together (poor dental structure leading to decreased food intake, followed by a stressful veterinary dental procedure to correct the dental problem), establishing a root cause may be difficult.
803:. It causes severe scabbing and inflammation on the ears and is very painful. Infected rabbits scratch a lot, which causes secondary bacterial infections. Rabbits should be treated as soon as possible, as the mites & infections can cause severe complications. It can also cause Wry neck (as described above).
843:). Symptoms are beige crusts around the borders of the ears, edges of the eyelids, the nose, mouth and toes. Also loss of fur. Scratching can lead to secondary bacterial infection. If untreated, the crusts can cover extensive areas of the body. Even mild cases should be treated as soon a possible.
923:
The most common tumor type of rabbits is uterine adenomcarcinoma, followed by neoplasia in hematopoietic organs, skin, mammary gland, testes, and the digestive system. Subsequently, female intact rabbits have highest prevalence of neoplasia (19.7%) as compared to all sex combined (prevalence: 14.4%).
890:
and death. The most susceptible rabbits are those in unsanitary conditions, sedentary ones, and those unable to clean their excretory areas. Rabbits with diarrhea should be inspected often for fly strike, especially during the summer months. The topical treatment
Rearguard (from Novartis) is approved
679:
RHD has been found in the United States as recently as 2010, and was detected in Canada in 2011. Thus far, outbreaks have been controlled quickly through quarantine, depopulation, disease tracing, and cleaning and disinfection; however, rabbit losses have been in the thousands. An RHD vaccine exists,
384:
and will generally show within the first few months of a rabbit's life. Any dental problems that start appearing in adult rabbits, however, cannot be inborn. The most common secondary causes of malocclusion are trauma (e.g., falls on the nose, nibbling on cage grids, clipping the teeth with unsuited
375:
is the hardest substance in the body and much harder than anything a rabbit could chew, wearing down the teeth can only happen through chewing movements, i.e., by the teeth wearing down each other. If the teeth are not properly aligned, a condition called malocclusion, the necessary abrasion cannot
153:
However, castration of male pet rabbits is necessary, if they are to be kept species-appropriate (together with at least one other rabbit), which wouldn't otherwise be possible. Uncastrated male rabbits will engage in severe and often bloody fights with each other upon reaching adulthood, which can
313:
of a balanced electrolyte solution), pain control, possible careful massage to promote gas expulsion and comfort, drugs to promote gut motility, and careful monitoring of all inputs and outputs. The rabbit's diet may also be changed as part of treatment, to include force-feeding to ensure adequate
655:
known as rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) or rabbit calicivirus (RCV). Discovered in 1983, RHD is highly infectious and usually fatal. Initial signs of the disease may be limited to fever and lethargy, until significant internal organ damage results in labored breathing, squealing, bloody
321:
GI stasis is sometimes misdiagnosed as "hair balls" by veterinarians or rabbit keepers not familiar with the condition. While fur is commonly found in the stomach following a fatal case of GI stasis, it is also found in healthy rabbits. Molting and chewing fur can be a predisposing factor in the
251:
The condition results when, over the course of time, the protective bristle-like fur on the rabbit's hocks thins down. Standing urine or other unsanitary cage conditions can exacerbate the problem by irritating the sensitive skin. The exposed skin in turn can result in tender areas or, in severe
613:
rabbits between 1950 and 1952. The
Australian government will not allow veterinarians to purchase and use the myxomatosis vaccine that would protect domestic rabbits, for fear that this immunity would be spread into the wild via escaped livestock and pets. This potential consequence is also one
395:
and/or cheek causing severe pain. They can develop into a secondary malocclusion and need to be filed down by an experienced veterinarian. If left untreated, molar spurs can be fatal. The underlying cause of molar spurs in rabbits without (inborn) malocclusion is usually a wrong diet. Since, as
911:
Whereas flystrike occurs in rabbits with soiled fur, bot flies can infect even very clean rabbits. Even before the bump and hole are visible, the larvae are very painful and the rabbit may become depressed, weak, lose weight or even go into shock. The hole may become moist and cause secondary
317:
Some rabbits are more prone to GI stasis than others. The causes of GI stasis are not completely understood, but common contributing factors are thought to include stress, reduced food intake, low fiber in the diet, dehydration, reduction in exercise or blockage caused by excess fur or carpet
150:, or unusually aggressive behavior, which cannot be attributed to environmental factors, e.g., a lack of exercise. As of today, assertions of female rabbits near inevitably developing cancer if left unneutered, as well as neutered females living longer, have no scientific foundation.
667:
reported in
Bolivia, Mexico, South Korea, and continental Europe. Rabbit populations in New Zealand have bounced back after developing a genetic immunity to RHD, and the disease has, so far, had no effect on the genetically divergent native wild rabbits and hares in the Americas.
154:
even end fatally. To prevent uncontrolled reproduction, it is advised to castrate males instead of females, as the necessary procedure, which requires only a small incision, has proven to be relatively safe and to have far less adverse effects on the rabbit's overall health.
248:, is a problem that commonly afflicts mostly heavy-weight rabbits kept in cages with wire flooring or soiled solid flooring. The problem is most prevalent in rex-furred rabbits and heavy-weight rabbits (over 4 kg (9 lb)), as well as those with thin foot bristles.
426:
can be given mixed with the rabbit's drinking water, once or twice per week, according to the veterinarian's instructions. The molar spurs should also be trimmed down by an experienced exotic veterinarian specialised in rabbit care, once every 1–2 months, depending on the
408:, to keep their teeth in shape. Some industrially produced ready-made rabbit foods, especially pellets and muesli, are very low-fiber and therefore are known to be one of the main causes of molar spurs and secondary malocclusion if fed over an extended period of time.
784:
in oral paste form as a nine-day treatment. Fenbendazole is particularly recommended for rabbits kept in colonies and as a preventive before mixing new rabbits with each other, and there have been anecdotal reports of successful treatments with
50:
is rare when they are raised in sanitary conditions and provided with adequate care, but the wider population of wild and feral rabbits is susceptible to various diseases and disorders, which has been taken advantage of in research and
866:
All mites that infect rabbits can be treated by drugs given orally, by injection or applied on the skin (most common treatment), at intervals, as dictated by a veterinarian. The environment must also be treated.
822:
do not burrow into the skin but rather live in the keratin layer. They can cause dandruff, itching and fur loss. Diagnosis is not easy & it might take several tries to determine if mites are present.
1051:
Guzman, David
Sanchez-Migallon; Graham, Jennifer E.; Keller, Krista; Hunt, Geraldine; Tong, Nathan; Morrisey, James K. (2015-01-01). "Colonic Obstruction Following Ovariohysterectomy in Rabbits: 3 Cases".
2212:
680:
but it is not recommended for use where the disease is not widespread in wildlife, as it may hide signs of disease and is not considered a practical response for such a rapidly spreading disease.
882:) strike, is a condition that occurs when flies lay their eggs in a rabbit's damp or soiled fur, or in an open wound. Within 12 hours, the eggs hatch into the larval stage of the fly, known as
852:) (and pigeon mites) cause severe itching. While rabbits can be easily treated (described below), to prevent reinfection, the host species (e.g., rat, pigeon) must also be treated or removed.
1179:"Increased lubricin/proteoglycan 4 gene expression and decreased modulus in medial collateral ligaments following ovariohysterectomy in the adult rabbit: Evidence consistent with aging"
376:
happen naturally and needs to be done manually by an experienced veterinarian. Malocclusion can be either inborn or have a secondary cause. Inborn malocclusion usually presents as
2803:
Bertram, Christof A.; Bertram, Beate; Bartel, Alexander; Ewringmann, Anja; Fragoso-Garcia, Marco A.; Erickson, Nancy A.; Müller, Kerstin; Klopfleisch, Robert (20 November 2020).
210:. In rabbits, it is released as part of a coping mechanism while in a heightened state of fear or stress, and has a calming effect. Dopamine has also been found in the rabbit's
745:), cancer (in brain, neck, ear), cervical muscle contractions, ingestion of lead or toxic plants, or diseases or injuries affecting the brain (stroke, abscess, tumor, trauma).
915:
Larvae are typically treated through careful removal by a veterinarian when they are identified. If the larvae are damaged, the rabbit can die from an anaphylactic reaction.
659:
RHD, like myxomatosis, has been intentionally introduced to control feral rabbit populations in
Australia and (illegally) in New Zealand, and RHD has, in some areas, escaped
656:
mucus, and eventual coma and death. Internally, the infection causes necrosis of the liver and damages other organs, especially the spleen, kidneys, and small intestine.
2269:
519:
or dental disorders. Options for treating this is removing the pollutant, lowering or raising the temperature accordingly, and medical treatment for sinus infections.
1417:
1597:"An electrophysiological characterization of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons during differential pavlovian fear conditioning in the awake rabbit"
2150:
94:. In addition, spaying is known to have severe negative effects on a female rabbit's health. One particularly dangerous consequence is the development of
728:
that causes the animal to stop eating, drinking or performing other tasks, or through other afflictions causing the condition, such as pasteurellosis.
1012:
Southard, Thomas E.; Southard, Karin A.; Krizan, Kenneth E.; Hillis, Stephen L.; Haller, John W.; Keller, John; Vannier, Michael W. (February 2000).
886:. Initially small but quickly growing to 15 mm (0.59 in) long, maggots can burrow into skin and feed on an animal's tissue, leading to
672:
301:
The first noticeable symptom of GI stasis may be that the rabbit suddenly stops eating. Treatment frequently includes intravenous or subcutaneous
1652:
499:
among rabbits and is not always the cause of respiratory disease. A runny nose, for instance, can have several causes, among those being high
2561:
2124:
2022:
1754:
1729:
1521:
275:
is severely reduced and possibly completely stopped. When untreated or improperly treated, GI stasis can be fatal in as little as 24 hours.
194:. Lacking pads on the bottoms of its feet, a rabbit requires its claws for traction. Removing its claws would render it unable to stand.
1876:
2472:
1452:
1228:"Influence of timing (pre-puberty or skeletal maturity) of ovariohysterectomy on mRNA levels in corneal tissues of female rabbits"
2503:
2280:
1476:
130:. In general, due to the wide range and severity of possible negative health effects and the high risk for complications from
2366:"Experimental West Nile Virus Infection in Rabbits: An Alternative Model for Studying Induction of Disease and Virus Control"
2238:
Center for Food
Security & Public Health; Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics (September 2007).
371:: Rabbit teeth are open-rooted and continue to grow throughout their lives, which is why they need constant abrasion. Since
1428:
1089:"Influence of ovariohysterectomy and deslorelin acetate on the spontaneous activity of the rabbit urinary bladder in vitro"
260:
487:, was historically misdiagnosed as the main cause of respiratory disease in rabbits, as the bacterium is present in the
396:
mentioned above, teeth cannot wear down on food, rabbits need high-fiber and other chewing intensive food, particularly
2689:
1906:
291:
271:
Gastrointestinal stasis (GI stasis) is a serious and potentially fatal condition that occurs in some rabbits in which
2779:
1566:
1537:
692:
638:
583:
171:
70:
is possible for both female and male rabbits; however, spaying females can pose significant risks. This is because
1679:
McBride, Anne; Day, Simone; McAdie, Tina; Meredith, Anna; Barley, Jasmine; Hickman, Janice; Lawes, Lesley (2006).
605:
Myxomatosis is a virulent threat to all rabbits but not to humans. The intentional introduction of myxomatosis in
1859:
663:. The disease has killed tens of millions of rabbits in China (unintentionally) as well as Australia, with other
134:
and the surgery itself, spaying female rabbits should only be considered in case of acute medical reasons (e.g.,
2161:
750:
467:
211:
2239:
1688:
1177:
Lemmex, Devin B.; Ono, Yohei; Reno, Carol R.; Hart, David A.; Lo, Ian K. Y.; Thornton, Gail M. (2016-02-08).
2581:
2187:"A Statement from the Chief Veterinary Officer (Australia) on myxomatosis vaccine availability in Australia"
1834:
741:
512:
202:
Coping with stress is a key aspect of rabbit behavior, and this can be traced to part of the brain known as
2639:
2331:
491:
of most adult rabbits. The bacterium may, under poor conditions, reproduce rapidly and produce symptoms of
2860:
912:
bacterial or fungal infections. The larvae can also migrate to the nasal cavity, eyes, trachea and brain.
685:
203:
163:
2528:
564:
of the eyes are also causes. Some conjunctival problems are effectively treated with topical or systemic
1425:
Proceedings of the
British Veterinary Zoological Society Conference, March 2015, Loughborough University
808:
773:(also used as a deworming agent in other animal species). In the UK, fenbendazole (under the brand name
709:
West Nile virus is another threat to domestic as well as wild rabbits. It is a fatal disease, and while
314:
nutrition. Surgery to remove the blockage is not generally recommended and comes with a poor prognosis.
2160:(Lagomorpha (Chapter 2.6)). World Organization for Animal Health (OIE): 1–18. May 2014. Archived from
1135:
1088:
1659:
848:
606:
450:), potentially poisonous plants, and material like carpet and fabric that may cause life-threatening
310:
115:
762:
in rabbits exhibiting symptoms of torticollis. The usual drugs for treatment and prevention are the
1276:
887:
451:
237:
32:
19:
2747:
2186:
1418:"'80% of entire female rabbits get uterine adenocarcinoma.' A case report of a veterinary factoid"
966:
2865:
2836:
1964:
1745:
Jenkins, Jeffery (1997). "Gastrointestinal
Diseases". In Hillyer, E. V.; Quesenberry, K. (eds.).
1627:
1398:
1351:
1304:
1013:
994:
52:
36:
2270:"Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease: Standard Operating Procedures: 1. Overview of Etiology and Ecology"
1947:
863:) are rare in rabbits but can cause such painful itching that the rabbit can become aggressive.
724:(or head tilt or torticollis) is a condition in rabbits that can be fatal, due to the resulting
356:
102:
caused by the removal of the ovaries, which, among other things, greatly increases the risk of
2828:
2557:
2397:
2339:
2240:"Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease: Viral Hemorrhagic Disease of Rabbits, Rabbit Calicivirus Disease"
2120:
2018:
1750:
1725:
1619:
1517:
1390:
1343:
1296:
1257:
1239:
1208:
1200:
1159:
1116:
1108:
1069:
1033:
986:
904:
835:
688:'s online "Notice Board". Vaccines for RHD are available—and mandatory—in the UK.
508:
488:
306:
215:
119:
111:
1884:
1226:
Achari, Yamini; Reno, Carol R.; Tsao, Helen; Morck, Douglas W.; Hart, David A. (2008-03-06).
2820:
2804:
2387:
2377:
2130:
2112:
2028:
2010:
1976:
1611:
1382:
1335:
1288:
1247:
1190:
1151:
1100:
1061:
1025:
978:
781:
610:
338:
56:
2158:
Manual of
Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals ("Terrestrial Manual 2014")
2052:
252:
cases, open sores, which may then become infected and abscessed if not properly cared for.
2719:
1596:
826:
710:
704:
691:
A new strain of the virus has been discovered, called rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (
516:
322:
occurrence of GI stasis; however, the primary cause is the change in motility of the gut.
287:
147:
40:
1104:
391:
spurs: These are caused by improper abrasion of the molars and can dig into the rabbit's
2480:
1685:
Proceedings of the VDWE International
Congress on Companion Animal Behaviour and Welfare
2392:
2365:
2135:
2116:
2104:
2033:
2014:
2002:
1459:
1252:
1227:
725:
541:
492:
401:
377:
330:
295:
241:
225:
139:
135:
79:
1925:
1615:
446:
Rabbits will gnaw on almost anything, including electrical cords (possibly leading to
2854:
2840:
1510:
1308:
998:
766:
763:
652:
447:
388:
302:
279:
143:
107:
1631:
1402:
1355:
1087:
Bujok, Jolanta; Wincewicz, Edyta; Czerski, Albert; Zawadzki, Wojciech (2016-02-01).
1014:"Mandibular bone density and fractal dimension in rabbits with induced osteoporosis"
941:
Streicher, Michael; Hach, Volker (2006). "Das Uterus-Adenokarzinom des Kaninchens".
684:
In the UK, reports of RHD (as recently as February 2018) have been submitted to the
2078:
1483:
1195:
1178:
813:
770:
561:
557:
411:
372:
368:
360:
272:
162:
In most jurisdictions, including the United States (except where required by local
95:
2664:
2268:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Veterinary Services (October 2013).
1292:
2445:
982:
626:
600:
537:
500:
479:
432:
381:
283:
191:
179:
175:
167:
1980:
1810:
1155:
1065:
1018:
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology
660:
618:
565:
496:
419:
131:
2824:
2611:
2382:
2343:
1300:
1243:
1204:
1163:
1112:
1073:
990:
1545:
1029:
891:
in the United Kingdom for 10-week-per-application prevention of fly strike.
798:
786:
664:
553:
545:
484:
470:
463:
423:
346:
67:
2832:
2401:
1785:
1623:
1394:
1347:
1261:
1212:
1120:
1037:
142:), if they show signs of hormonal problems, like overly frequent phases of
82:(during or in relation to the procedure) compared to males, as their lower
713:
for other species, there are none yet specifically indicated for rabbits.
206:(VTA). Dopaminergic neurons in this part of the brain release the hormone
2690:"Summary of [Rearguard] Product Characteristics (AN. 01134/2015)"
1574:
732:
721:
504:
474:
440:
334:
219:
207:
123:
99:
23:
Engraving of a wild rabbit and its skeleton by Johann Daniel Meyer (1752)
1770:
1687:. Sint-Niklaas, Belgium: Vlaamse Dierenartsenvereniging (VDV): 135–137.
1370:
748:
However, the most common cause is a parasitic microscopic fungus called
2421:
1771:"House Rabbit Society: Sluggish Motility in the Gastrointestinal Tract"
1323:
883:
875:
830:
775:
577:
530:
415:
83:
75:
71:
47:
2305:
2191:
Australian Government - Department of Agriculture and Water Resources
1386:
899:
549:
522:
439:
and visibly overgrown teeth. However, there are many other causes of
392:
350:
127:
91:
1339:
286:
and compact into a hard, immobile mass (impacted gut), blocking the
617:
In Australia, rabbits caged outdoors in areas with high numbers of
1680:
1134:
Duhamelle, Alexis; Tessier, Emilie; Larrat, Sylvain (2017-04-01).
856:
436:
355:
259:
87:
18:
1702:
110:. Other negative health outcomes that have been reported include
2277:
Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP)
1277:"Human-directed aggression in rabbits: a behavioural case study"
622:
526:
405:
2279:. United States Department of Agriculture: 1–11. Archived from
1724:(5th ed.). Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 306–308.
731:
The causes of wry neck can be middle- or inner-ear infections,
397:
342:
2699:. Government of the United Kingdom (gov.uk). 15 December 2015
2554:
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
1136:"Ureteral Stenosis Following Ovariohysterectomy in a Rabbit (
454:, so areas to which they have access need to be pet-proofed.
2640:"Mange: burrowing mites Sarcoptes scabiei or Notoedres cati"
2809:): A Retrospective Analysis of Cases Between 1995 and 2019"
1747:
Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery
625:
are the carriers of myxomatosis. In some countries, annual
525:
can be a sign of environmental pollution, such as too much
278:
GI stasis is the condition of food not moving through the
59:, and need support on the bottom when they are picked up.
2552:
Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (2011-01-25).
1681:"Trancing rabbits: Relaxed hypnosis or a state of fear?"
495:, though this is known to be a factor in the overuse of
806:
Fur mites can be any of a variety of species including
2249:. Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine
1453:"British Veterinary Association Rabbit Care Downloads"
431:
Signs of dental difficulty include difficulty eating,
2773:
2771:
2415:
2413:
2411:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
2473:"Rabbits and E. cuniculi (Encephalatizoon cuniculi)"
1749:. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. pp. 178–179.
1369:
Bradbury, A. G.; Dickens, G. J. E. (December 2016).
2633:
2631:
1674:
1672:
1371:"Should we advocate neutering for all pet rabbits?"
2805:"Neoplasia and Tumor-Like Lesions in Pet Rabbits (
1946:A differently formatted version is also available
1509:
266:by Ruth Lawson, Otago Polytechnic 26 November 2007
55:. Rabbits have fragile bones, especially in their
614:motivation for the pet-rabbit ban in Queensland.
576:Rabbits are subject to infection by a variety of
2605:
2603:
2601:
643:Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), also known as
385:tools), bacterial infection, and low-fiber diet.
290:of the rabbit. Food in an immobile gut may also
2575:
2573:
1482:. Intervet UK Limited. May 2006. Archived from
1477:"The importance of vaccination for your rabbit"
797:Ear Canker is caused by nonburrowing ear mites
677:
298:buildup and resultant gas pain for the rabbit.
2105:"Ophthalmologic Diseases in Small Pet Mammals"
580:. Some have had deadly and widespread impact.
8:
2556:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 560.
2217:Queensland Government - Business Queensland
2053:"Runny Eyes, Runny Nose. What do They Mean?"
1786:"Gastrointestinal Stasis, The Silent Killer"
1722:Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents
282:as quickly as normal. The gut contents may
833:) is usually caused by the burrowing mite
621:are vulnerable to myxomatosis. In Europe,
2391:
2381:
2134:
2084:. Midwest Bird and Exotic Animal Hospital
2032:
1963:Crowell-Davis, Sharon L. (January 2007).
1790:University of Miami Department of Biology
1251:
1194:
86:needs to be opened up in order to remove
2330:Mancinelli, Elisabetta; Cousquer, Glen.
582:
35:, owing to the importance of rabbits as
2612:"Fur Loss and Skin Problems in Rabbits"
2467:
2465:
933:
2213:"Restricted Invasive Animals - Rabbit"
1322:Whitehead, Martin L. (February 2017).
671:In the United States, an October 2013
651:(RCD), is caused by a rabbit-specific
443:, including pain due to other causes.
2582:"Common Fur Mites or Cheyletiellosis"
2477:Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund
2422:"Head Tilt in Rabbits: Don't Give Up"
2046:
2044:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1958:
1956:
1907:"Differential diagnosis for ptyalism"
458:Respiratory and conjunctival problems
74:female rabbits requires a far bigger
7:
2756:Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources
2364:Suen, Willy W.; et al. (2015).
1538:"Why Rabbits Should Not Be Declawed"
1105:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.018
960:
958:
956:
182:, where they are legally available.
166:ordinances), rabbits do not require
103:
2332:"West Nile virus infection (Lapis)"
629:against myxomatosis are available.
2117:10.1016/B978-1-4160-6621-7.00037-3
2103:van der Woerdt, Alexandra (2012).
2015:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4979-8.00011-X
1965:"Behavior Problems in Pet Rabbits"
1926:"Dealing with Medical Emergencies"
1691:from the original on 12 July 2016.
1658:. 24 November 2010. Archived from
126:, and alterations of the rabbit's
14:
2697:Veterinary Medicines Directorate
1924:Dawson, Bronwyn (10 July 2011).
1595:Guarraci, F.; Knapp, B. (1999).
1567:"Rabbit Care: Rabbit Never Do's"
633:Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD)
609:killed an estimated 500 million
264:Digestive system of the rabbit,
1275:Fry, Deborah J N (2018-11-02).
902:that infect rabbits (generally
589:Wardang Island (Australia) 1938
477:or colloquially as "snuffles".
2529:"Ear mite: Psoroptes cuniculi"
1969:Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
1784:Dana M. Krempels (July 1997).
1196:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.026
1144:Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
1054:Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
965:Perpiñán, David (2019-04-02).
170:. Vaccinations exist for both
1:
2780:"Myiasis (botfly) in rabbits"
2151:"Myxomatosis (Chapter 2.6.1)"
2109:Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents
1616:10.1016/S0166-4328(98)00102-8
1416:Whitehead, Martin L. (2015).
717:Wry neck and parasitic fungus
515:(like perfume or incense), a
2479:. 4 May 2013. Archived from
2057:Georgia House Rabbit Society
1293:10.12968/coan.2018.23.11.644
2504:"Lagomorpha, Ectoparasites"
2007:Textbook of Rabbit Medicine
2003:"Cardiorespiratory Disease"
983:10.12968/coan.2019.24.4.217
739:), nematodes (roundworms,
548:. Environmental pollution,
466:ailment amongst rabbits is
333:has several causes, namely
2882:
2728:Animal Diversity Web (ADW)
2310:The British Rabbit Council
1981:10.1053/j.jepm.2006.11.022
1811:"When Teeth Turn to Tusks"
1720:Harkness, John E. (2010).
1604:Behavioural Brain Research
1324:"Neutering of pet rabbits"
1156:10.1053/j.jepm.2017.01.022
1066:10.1053/j.jepm.2014.11.006
815:Cheyletiella parasitivorax
702:
649:rabbit calicivirus disease
639:Rabbit hemorrhagic disease
636:
598:
540:problems can be caused by
172:rabbit hemorrhagic disease
1936:(4). House Rabbit Society
1877:"Zolcal D liquid calcium"
645:viral hemorrhagic disease
2825:10.1177/0300985820973460
2383:10.3390/pathogens4030529
751:Encephalitozoon cuniculi
607:rabbit-ravaged Australia
212:medial prefrontal cortex
1709:. House Rabbit Society.
1183:Journal of Biomechanics
1030:10.1067/moe.2000.102223
742:Baylisascaris procyonis
513:environmental pollution
256:Gastrointestinal stasis
2446:"Head Tilt in Rabbits"
1508:Pavia, Audrey (2003).
711:vaccines are available
686:British Rabbit Council
682:
591:
364:
294:, causing significant
268:
204:ventral tegmental area
122:, increased ageing of
24:
2807:Oryctolagus cuniculus
2001:Varga, Molly (2014).
1138:Oryctolagus cuniculus
586:
544:or a blockage of the
536:Runny eyes and other
359:
263:
63:Spaying and neutering
22:
2813:Veterinary Pathology
2669:House Rabbit Society
2663:Harriman, Marinell.
2426:House Rabbit Society
1930:House Rabbit Journal
1427:: 37. Archived from
849:Ornithonyssus bacoti
846:Tropical rat mites (
812:, but most commonly
452:intestinal blockages
116:urinary incontinence
2778:van Praag, Esther.
2638:van Praag, Esther.
2580:van Praag, Esther.
2527:van Praag, Esther.
2483:on 19 February 2018
2193:. 12 September 2017
1887:on 20 December 2016
1516:. New York: Wiley.
1512:Rabbits for Dummies
1489:on 25 February 2009
587:Myxomatosis Trial,
190:A rabbit cannot be
112:colonic obstruction
98:due to the lack of
33:veterinary medicine
31:is well studied in
2693:(MS Word document)
2286:on 1 February 2017
2219:. 22 November 2017
1911:www.medirabbit.com
1860:"Rabbit dentistry"
1839:www.medirabbit.com
1571:www.rabbitwise.org
967:"Rabbit neutering"
809:Leporacarus gibbus
800:Psoroptes cuniculi
737:Psoroptes cuniculi
592:
365:
269:
244:, commonly called
53:population control
43:for fur and meat.
37:laboratory animals
25:
2722:Cuterebra buccata
2563:978-0-8138-1596-1
2502:Delaney, Martha.
2247:CFSPH.IAState.edu
2126:978-1-4160-6621-7
2079:"Care of Rabbits"
2024:978-0-7020-4979-8
1756:978-0-7216-4023-5
1731:978-0-8138-1531-2
1523:978-0-7645-0861-5
1375:Veterinary Record
1328:Veterinary Record
905:Cuterebra buccata
861:Trixacarus caviae
836:Sarcoptes scabiei
489:respiratory tract
236:The formation of
216:nucleus accumbens
148:pseudopregnancies
120:ureteral stenosis
39:and centuries of
29:health of rabbits
16:Health of rabbits
2873:
2845:
2844:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2694:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2616:Kremples website
2610:Kremples, Dana.
2607:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2450:Disabled Rabbits
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2420:Krempels, Dana.
2417:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2274:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2244:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2167:on 15 March 2018
2166:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2051:Krempels, Dana.
2048:
2039:
2038:
2036:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1960:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1883:. Archived from
1881:www.vetark.co.uk
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1858:Meredith, Anna.
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1636:
1635:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1573:. Archived from
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1544:. Archived from
1534:
1528:
1527:
1515:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1458:. Archived from
1457:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1422:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1387:10.1136/vr.i6680
1366:
1360:
1359:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1281:Companion Animal
1272:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1232:Molecular Vision
1223:
1217:
1216:
1198:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1009:
1003:
1002:
971:Companion Animal
962:
951:
950:
938:
880:Lucilia sericata
820:C. parasitivorax
782:over-the-counter
760:E. cuniculi
756:E. cuniculi
675:document stated:
418:supplement with
341:, injury to the
337:, inappropriate
240:on the rabbit's
226:Tonic immobility
198:Tonic immobility
2881:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2758:
2752:Botfly Larvae)"
2746:
2745:
2741:
2732:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2409:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2127:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2025:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1939:
1937:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1381:(25): 654–655.
1368:
1367:
1363:
1340:10.1136/vr.j826
1321:
1320:
1316:
1287:(11): 644–648.
1274:
1273:
1269:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1011:
1010:
1006:
964:
963:
954:
943:Kleintierpraxis
940:
939:
935:
930:
921:
897:
873:
839:(also known as
829:(also known as
827:Sarcoptic mange
795:
769:, particularly
719:
707:
705:West Nile virus
701:
699:West Nile virus
641:
635:
603:
597:
574:
517:sinus infection
460:
328:
326:Dental problems
288:digestive tract
258:
234:
200:
188:
160:
104:dental problems
65:
46:Disease in pet
17:
12:
11:
5:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2819:(5): 901–911.
2795:
2767:
2739:
2710:
2681:
2655:
2627:
2597:
2569:
2562:
2544:
2519:
2508:Science Direct
2494:
2461:
2437:
2407:
2376:(3): 529–558.
2356:
2322:
2306:"Notice Board"
2297:
2260:
2230:
2204:
2178:
2142:
2125:
2095:
2077:Brown, Susan.
2069:
2040:
2023:
1986:
1952:
1916:
1898:
1868:
1850:
1826:
1815:www.rabbit.org
1802:
1776:
1762:
1755:
1737:
1730:
1712:
1694:
1668:
1665:on 2010-11-24.
1637:
1610:(2): 169–179.
1587:
1558:
1542:www.rabbit.org
1529:
1522:
1500:
1468:
1465:on 2005-01-25.
1444:
1408:
1361:
1334:(8): 204–205.
1314:
1267:
1218:
1189:(3): 382–387.
1169:
1150:(2): 132–136.
1126:
1099:(3): 441–446.
1093:Theriogenology
1079:
1060:(1): 112–119.
1043:
1024:(2): 244–249.
1004:
977:(4): 217–225.
952:
932:
931:
929:
926:
920:
917:
896:
893:
878:, or blowfly (
872:
869:
794:
791:
726:disorientation
718:
715:
703:Main article:
700:
697:
637:Main article:
634:
631:
599:Main article:
596:
593:
573:
572:Viral diseases
570:
542:dental disease
493:pasteurellosis
459:
456:
429:
428:
409:
386:
378:brachygnathism
331:Dental disease
327:
324:
257:
254:
233:
230:
199:
196:
187:
184:
164:animal control
159:
156:
140:uterine cancer
108:bone fractures
80:mortality rate
78:with a higher
64:
61:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2878:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Mammal health
2859:
2858:
2856:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2799:
2796:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2743:
2740:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2718:Brown, Dave.
2714:
2711:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2545:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2495:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2357:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1577:on 2017-02-04
1576:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1548:on 2018-02-20
1547:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1501:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1434:on 2023-01-21
1430:
1426:
1419:
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1404:
1400:
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1380:
1376:
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1210:
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1188:
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1130:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:. Neurology.
1055:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
961:
959:
957:
953:
948:
944:
937:
934:
927:
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918:
916:
913:
909:
907:
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901:
894:
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889:
885:
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877:
870:
868:
864:
862:
858:
853:
851:
850:
844:
842:
838:
837:
832:
828:
824:
821:
817:
816:
811:
810:
804:
802:
801:
792:
790:
788:
783:
779:
777:
772:
768:
767:anthelmintics
765:
764:benzimidazole
761:
757:
753:
752:
746:
744:
743:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
716:
714:
712:
706:
698:
696:
694:
689:
687:
681:
676:
674:
669:
666:
662:
657:
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640:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
615:
612:
608:
602:
594:
590:
585:
581:
579:
571:
569:
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563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
518:
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510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:
476:
472:
469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
449:
448:electrocution
444:
442:
438:
434:
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:
407:
403:
399:
394:
390:
387:
383:
379:
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473:, known as
468:respiratory
433:weight loss
382:prognathism
363:in a rabbit
307:rehydration
176:myxomatosis
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2855:Categories
2789:2024-01-06
2784:MediRabbit
2761:2024-01-06
2748:"Warbles (
2733:2024-01-06
2649:2024-01-02
2644:MediRabbit
2621:2023-12-31
2591:2023-12-30
2586:MediRabbit
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2533:MediRabbit
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2455:2023-12-31
2431:2024-03-20
1844:2022-04-15
1820:2022-04-15
1707:Rabbit.org
1581:2017-04-06
1552:2017-04-06
1438:2023-01-21
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871:Fly strike
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661:quarantine
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787:ponazuril
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552:disease,
546:tear duct
485:bacterium
471:infection
464:diagnosed
424:magnesium
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347:infection
311:injection
284:dehydrate
186:Declawing
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220:amygdala
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