163:, and production was curtailed. About 1,500 of the two systems were delivered in total, with deliveries continuing to the end of the war. An advanced auto-tracking system that could be used with the Mk. 3 was developed in 1944 under the code name "Glaxo". Radars equipped with Glaxo were assigned the name AA No. 3 Mk. 4, but it was not taken into service due to the arrival of the SCR-584 which had similar features.
373:. Short-range AA is a very difficult task to automate because the aircraft appear only for moments, have high crossing speeds, and are often close to the ground so clutter is a significant issue. Number 6 was designed to make a rapid line-of-sight range measurement while pointing the gun was handled manually as before. There were three entries, Mark 1 through 3, differing primarily in detail.
274:, or ZPI. Although the British Army already had similar units, these tended to be larger and less mobile, so the ZPI was adopted into British service as the AA No. 4 Mk. 1. The ZPI also interfered with signals from other 1.5 m units, which were used in a wide variety of roles, so the ZPIs were used primarily on the continent. Several UK-built versions followed, the Mk. 2 and Mk. 3.
381:
AA Number 7 was part of a combined Fire
Control System (FCS) for the Bofors guns. It included a rapidly scanning tactical control radar and a separate gun laying radar in a second cabin. The operator of the scanner would select targets, causing the gun laying cabin to slew onto the right bearing. The
289:
Similar adaptations made by the NRC in Canada led to the
Microwave Zone Position Indicator, or MZPI, which also found use in the UK as the No. 4 Mk. 6. The Mk. 6 proved to be the best of all of these designs, and became the standard UK medium-range radar from the end of 1945 on. A UK-built copy was
189:
Further development of the Glaxo concept along with improved electronics led to the "Blue Cedar" experiments, which entered service after the war as AA No. 3 Mk. 7. This was even smaller and lighter than the SCR-584, while offering better range and accuracy. The Mk. 7 was the standard AA radar from
76:
battery. The Mk. 1 version provided only range information, but these were modified to provide elevation and bearing in the Mk. I*, and then redesigned completely for the more accurate Mk. II version. The name AA No. 1 was assigned after the systems were already being replaced, and they were never
352:
To improve the operation of the AA system as a whole, the AA No. 5 PPI radars were used at the Anti-Aircraft
Operations Rooms (AAOR) to allow them to see aircraft movements over a large area and assign gun units to particular targets. This avoided the same target being attacked by two or more gun
111:
in order to reduce the required antenna size. For the SLC role the system was greatly simplified and built inexpensively. Over 10,000 of these early SLC radars were built in a production run spanning from June 1940 to
December 1943. These Marks were all identical electronically, differing only on
159:. There were two primary versions of this system, the Mk. III(C) from Canada, and the Mk. III(B) from Britain. These became the No.3 Mk. 1 and Mk. 2, respectively. These units had long development periods and only began widespread deployment in 1943, when they were quickly overtaken by the US
382:
operator would then find the target, and begin a lock-follow. From then the data from the radar was sent into a predictor in the same cabin as the gun laying radar, which in turn controlled motorized systems on the guns. There were three entries, differing in detail.
27:
radars introduced in 1943 and used into the 1960s when these systems were replaced by missiles with their own integral radar systems. The classification included subcategories, Number 1 through 8, as well as the many individual systems which were assigned Marks.
77:
widely referred to by the new name, remaining better known as GL Mk. I both during and after the war. The microwave-frequency systems that replaced them were assigned Number 3. There were three entries in the Number 1 classification:
123:
band, allowing the antennas to be greatly reduced in size. These were given very low priority due to the arrival of larger microwave radars that could directly guide guns without searchlight assistance, and ongoing improvements to
166:
As the delays with both the
Canadian and UK versions of the Mk. III were growing, the Army began a rush effort to introduce a greatly improved AA radar operating on well-understood electronics adapted from the 1.5 m
104:, providing their operators with enough directional information that the target aircraft could be picked up in the beam of the light. Once lit up, gunners could use their optical sighting equipment for the final aiming.
152:, mostly following the Marks of the earlier Gun Laying category. This was one of the few categories that was used extensively in the post-war era, and thus one of the few that contains entries without a former GL name.
31:
Some of the Army radars pre-date the introduction of this classification system and had their own nomenclature that tended to remain in use even after they officially received new names. Notable among these are the
277:
Developments in the UK led to similar medium-range systems using the magnetron in place of the 1.5 m equipment. These entered service UK as the AA No. 4 Mk. 4. Modifications of this unit to provide a
186:, were able to easily hit the V-1 and shot them down in large numbers. The name AA No.3 Mk. 8 was apparently assigned to the larger SCR-545, but it does not appear this was ever used in practice.
107:
The first system, in versions Mk. 1 through 7, operated on the widely used 1.5 m band. This frequency was originally developed for airborne radar systems, using shorter wavelengths than
423:
282:
display allowed it to be used for medium-range tactical control, producing the Mk. 5, also known as the "Gorgonzola" due to its antenna shape. The
Gorgonzola was developed for the
174:
The SCR-584 arrived in early 1944 and entered service as the AA No.3 Mk. 5. It saw widespread service during the late stages of the war, and was especially valuable during the
418:
262:
systems of their own, whereas their
British counterparts had a variety of systems that could be used in this role. To address this problem, the Canadian
353:
sites. The initial Mk. 1 set was a 1.5 m band unit operating on 209 MHz, while the Mk. 2 was a microwave unit on the 10 cm band.
136:. The first examples of the Mk. 9 arrived in September 1944, with 350 delivered in total by the end of the run in the immediate post-war era.
263:
370:
125:
305:
168:
129:
413:
298:
electronics. Widely used with GL Mk. III systems and later. Known in Canada as the Zone
Position Indicator, or ZPI.
97:
271:
171:
sets. Known as "Baby Maggie", 176 AA No.3 Mk. 3's were produced, and 50 of these were supplied to the USSR.
369:
AA Number 6 was a special-purpose system dedicated to rangefinding for light anti-aircraft guns, namely the
279:
252:
195:
191:
216:
AA No. 3 Mark 3 - Expedient portable AA radar based on the SLC electronics. Also known as "Baby Maggie".
308:
frequencies. Two sub-versions, (V) which was
Vehicle mounted (on a truck) and (P) which was Portable.
295:
190:
just after WWII into the late 1950s when the UK stood down its last long-range AA guns in favour of
259:
235:- Post-war version of AA No. 3 Mk. 4, standard AA radar into the 1960s. Also known as "Blue Cedar".
179:
329:
development, highly portable. Known in Canada as the
Microwave Zone Position Indicator, or MZPI.
213:
AA No. 3 Mark 2 - GL Mk. III(B), the UK-designed version of Mk. III. Sub-versions /1 through /5.
255:, whose main purpose was to provide cueing support to the AA Number 3 radars, or "putting on".
73:
239:
267:
219:
AA No. 3 Mark 4 - Early versions of what would become AA No. 3 Mk. 7. Also known as "GLAXO".
207:
156:
149:
116:
65:
283:
270:
units they had been sent and used these as the basis for a simple medium-range radar, the
232:
175:
45:
40:
categories. Additionally, equipment introduced after the classification system often have
344:
was Mark 7, but it is more likely that would have been Mk. 8 or part of Number 5 series.
96:
AA No.2 grouped together a number of otherwise unrelated radar systems formerly known as
333:
183:
61:
322:, only small numbers used. Also known as "Gorgonzola" due to the shape of its antenna.
407:
341:
133:
258:
The GL Mk. III(C) was hampered by the fact that the Canadian Army did not have any
41:
24:
392:
101:
49:
229:
AA No. 3 Mark 6 - Post-war Canadian lock-follow design, not taken into service.
108:
251:
AA Number 4 was a wide collection of short and medium-range systems known as
199:
145:
120:
84:
AA No. 1 Mark 1* - GL Mk. I*, a slightly upgraded version of the original
223:
194:(SAM). Blue Cedar also served as the guidance radar for the UK's first
160:
326:
319:
115:
AA No. 2 also included the entirely new Mk. 8 and 9, which used a
100:, or SLC for short. These radars were associated with individual
332:
AA No. 4 Mark 7 - UK system similar to the Mark 6 but using a
312:
69:
132:
that meant that searchlights were no longer needed to assist
304:
AA No. 4 Mark 3 - Similar to Mark 1 and 2, but operating on
155:
The first entries into this group were originally known as
294:
AA No. 4 Mark 1 - Canadian design rapidly developed from
44:
that they are well known by. Some were also used by the
318:
AA No. 4 Mark 5 - Expedient development working in the
301:AA No. 4 Mark 2 - UK-built versions of the Mark 1.
178:campaign of 1944. Mk. 5's, along with their M10
424:Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944
315:set working at 600 MHz, not taken into service.
8:
112:what they searchlight they were mounted on.
210:, the Canadian-designed version of Mk. III.
23:for short, was a classification system for
340:Some sources state an early name for the
144:AA Number 3 collected a wide variety of
238:AA No. 3 Mark 8 - UK name for US-built
222:AA No. 3 Mark 5 - UK name for US-built
72:band used to provide information for a
419:Military radars of the United Kingdom
7:
360:AA No. 5 Mark 2 - 600 MHz (UHF)
357:AA No. 5 Mark 1 - 209 MHz (VHF)
14:
130:aircraft interception (AI) radars
126:ground controlled interception
1:
68:operating in the 1.5 m
325:AA No. 4 Mark 6 - Canadian
306:aircraft interception radar
169:aircraft interception radar
87:AA No. 1 Mark 2 - GL Mk. II
64:, AA No.1 were short range
440:
286:and was used in Normandy.
119:to work in the 10 cm
81:AA No. 1 Mark 1 - GL Mk. I
264:National Research Council
242:, not taken into service.
393:"List of AA Radar Types"
280:plan-position indicator
272:Zone Position Indicator
266:(NRC) took some of the
253:tactical control radars
226:used from 1944 onwards.
192:surface-to-air missiles
196:surface-to-air missile
48:and thus also had an
296:Air-Sea Vessel radar
290:known as the Mk. 7.
60:Originally known as
17:Radar, Anti-Aircraft
260:early warning radar
98:Searchlight Control
38:Searchlight Control
311:AA No. 4 Mark 4 -
206:AA No. 3 Mark 1 -
414:Gun laying radars
184:VT proximity fuse
150:gun laying radars
74:anti-aircraft gun
66:gun laying radars
431:
400:
268:ASV Mk. II radar
157:GL Mk. III radar
117:cavity magnetron
439:
438:
434:
433:
432:
430:
429:
428:
404:
403:
391:
388:
379:
367:
350:
284:21st Army Group
249:
233:AA No. 3 Mark 7
176:V-1 flying bomb
142:
94:
58:
46:Royal Air Force
12:
11:
5:
437:
435:
427:
426:
421:
416:
406:
405:
402:
401:
387:
384:
378:
375:
366:
363:
362:
361:
358:
349:
346:
338:
337:
334:cheese antenna
330:
323:
316:
309:
302:
299:
248:
245:
244:
243:
236:
230:
227:
220:
217:
214:
211:
141:
138:
134:night fighters
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
82:
62:GL Mk. I radar
57:
54:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
436:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
409:
398:
397:Anti-Aircraft
394:
390:
389:
385:
383:
376:
374:
372:
364:
359:
356:
355:
354:
347:
345:
343:
342:Orange Yeoman
335:
331:
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
293:
292:
291:
287:
285:
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275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
246:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:GL Mk. III(C)
205:
204:
203:
201:
197:
193:
187:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
164:
162:
158:
153:
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147:
139:
137:
135:
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127:
122:
118:
113:
110:
105:
103:
99:
91:
86:
83:
80:
79:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
55:
53:
51:
47:
43:
42:rainbow codes
39:
35:
29:
26:
22:
18:
396:
380:
368:
351:
339:
288:
276:
257:
250:
188:
173:
165:
154:
143:
114:
106:
102:searchlights
95:
59:
37:
33:
30:
25:British Army
20:
19:, or simply
16:
15:
148:-frequency
50:AMES number
408:Categories
386:References
371:Bofors gun
180:predictors
109:Chain Home
34:Gun Laying
200:Brakemine
146:microwave
121:microwave
377:Number 7
365:Number 6
348:Number 5
247:Number 4
182:and the
140:Number 3
92:Number 2
56:Number 1
21:AA radar
240:SCR-545
224:SCR-584
161:SCR-584
327:S band
320:S band
198:, the
128:and
36:and
313:UHF
70:VHF
410::
395:.
202:.
52:.
399:.
336:.
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