375:
432:. This contrasts with the other natural isotopes that decay far more quickly (half-lives less than 1 minute) and thus do not contribute significantly to radiation exposure. At higher concentrations, gaseous Rn may be inhaled and decay before exhalation, which leads to a buildup of its daughters Po and Po in the lungs, whose high-energy alpha and
436:
radiation damages cells. Extended periods of exposure to Rn and its progeny ultimately induce lung cancer. Alternatively, radon may enter the body through contaminated drinking water or through the decay of ingested radium – making radon diffusion one of the greatest dangers of radium. Thus, Rn is a
365:
to refer to the element rather than just Rn; this was done under a new rule concerning isotope naming conventions. This decision was controversial because it was believed to give undue credit to Dorn's identification of radon-222 over
Rutherford's identification of radon-220, and the historical use
427:
All radon isotopes are hazardous owing to their radioactivity, gaseous nature, chemical inertness, and radioactivity of their decay products (progeny). Radon-222 is especially dangerous because its longer half-life allows it to permeate soil and rocks, where it is produced in trace quantities from
829:
Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Cappella, C.; Caracciolo, V.; Cerulli, R.; Danevich, F.A.; Di Marco, A.; Incicchitti, A.; Poda, D.V.; Polischuk, O.G.; Tretyak, V.I. (2014). "Investigation of rare nuclear decays with
477:
AME2016 gives Rn a lower mass than Fr, which would forbid single beta decay, though it is possible within the given error margin and is explicitly predicted by Belli et al.
358:
278:, formerly the name of only radon-222, became the name of the element. Owing to its gaseous nature and high radioactivity, radon-222 is one of the leading causes of
707:
322:
extensively studied these emanations in the early 1900s and attributed them to a new gaseous element, radon. In particular, he studied the product in the
682:
306:
observed a new radioactive substance emanating from radium in 1899 that was strongly radioactive for several days. Around the same time,
409:
limits of 8 years for both transitions. If the beta decay of Rn is possible, it is predicted to have a very low decay energy (24 ± 21
909:
413:) and thus a half-life on the order of 10 years, also resulting in a very low branching probability relative to alpha decay.
390:
with a half-life of approximately 3.82 days, making it the most stable isotope of radon. Its final decay product is stable
963:
748:
549:
892:
378:
The decay chain of uranium-238, known as the uranium series or radium series, of which radon-222 is a member.
422:
260:
151:
730:
374:
968:
853:
790:
722:
631:
519:
366:
of the name radon created confusion as to whether the element or the isotope Rn was being discussed.
319:
735:
612:
Fry, C.; Thoennessen, M. (2013). "Discovery of the astatine, radon, francium, and radium isotopes".
898:(Report). Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2003.
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843:
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104:
97:
41:
861:
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564:
527:
271:
51:
333:
In the early 20th century, the element radon was known by several different names. Chemist
433:
311:
913:
857:
794:
726:
635:
568:
531:
523:
504:
429:
334:
323:
161:
80:
957:
873:
442:
386:
of radium-226, which has a half-life of 1600 years. Radon-222 itself alpha decays to
178:
144:
63:
651:
405:
to Fr may also be allowed. These decay modes have been searched for, yielding lower
410:
387:
303:
204:
200:
183:
270:. Radon-222 was first observed in 1899, and was identified as an isotope of a new
865:
383:
337:, who extensively studied the element's chemical properties, suggested the name
299:
295:
279:
263:
256:
213:
170:
138:
17:
708:"World History of Radon Research and Measurement from the Early 1900s to Today"
674:
643:
438:
402:
267:
195:
166:
587:
449:, with over 20,000 deaths per year attributed to radon-induced lung cancer.
252:
116:
812:
548:
Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017).
550:"The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references"
391:
803:
778:
315:
244:
744:
935:
593:(Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. pp. 1–3
291:
503:
Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017).
848:
692:
626:
373:
248:
936:"Radon Fact Sheet: What it is, how it affects us, why it matters"
441:; in fact, it is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the
912:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from
428:
decays of uranium-238, and concentrate in buildings and
314:
observed a similar (though shorter-lived) emission from
382:
Radon-222 is generated in the uranium series from the
401:
to Ra, and depending on the mass measurement, single
349:only referred to the isotope Rn, whereas the names
211:
194:
189:
177:
160:
150:
137:
115:
103:
96:
79:
62:
50:
40:
35:
255:of approximately 3.8 days. It is transient in the
667:The Discovery of Isotopes: A Complete Compilation
505:"The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties"
359:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
834:crystal scintillator contaminated by radium".
772:
770:
768:
357:denoted Rn and Rn, respectively. In 1957, the
8:
543:
541:
498:
496:
494:
30:
893:EPA assessment of risks from radon in homes
824:
822:
847:
802:
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625:
887:
885:
883:
777:Thornton, B.F.; Burdette, S.C. (2013).
582:
580:
578:
490:
470:
274:several years later. In 1957, the name
341:, and Rutherford originally suggested
266:and is the immediate decay product of
29:
7:
614:Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables
25:
290:Following the 1898 discovery of
779:"Recalling radon's recognition"
910:"Radiation protection: Radium"
1:
569:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003
532:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001
326:, radon-222, which he called
294:through chemical analysis of
243:or radon) is the most stable
397:In theory, Rn is capable of
318:compounds. German physicist
27:Most stable isotope of radon
836:European Physical Journal A
985:
866:10.1140/epja/i2014-14134-6
715:AIP Conference Proceedings
563:(3): 030003-1–030003-442.
420:
361:(IUPAC) promoted the name
239:(Rn, Rn-222, historically
229:Complete table of nuclides
675:10.1007/978-3-319-31763-2
644:10.1016/j.adt.2012.05.003
223:
56:radon-222, 222Rn, Rn-222,
665:Thoennessen, M. (2016).
669:. Springer. p. 8.
423:Health effects of radon
417:Occurrence and hazards
379:
706:George, A.C. (2008).
588:EPA Facts about Radon
377:
320:Friedrich Ernst Dorn
916:on 11 February 2015
858:2014EPJA...50..134B
795:2013NatCh...5..804T
727:2008AIPC.1034...20G
636:2013ADNDT..99..497F
524:2017ChPhC..41c0001A
32:
804:10.1038/nchem.1731
380:
31:Radon-222, Rn
964:Isotopes of radon
745:10.1063/1.2991210
684:978-3-319-31761-8
557:Chinese Physics C
512:Chinese Physics C
459:Isotopes of radon
447:cigarette smoking
407:partial half-life
399:double beta decay
308:Ernest Rutherford
234:
233:
225:Isotopes of radon
105:Natural abundance
16:(Redirected from
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370:Decay properties
345:. At that time,
328:radium emanation
241:radium emanation
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58:Radium emanation
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18:Radium emanation
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162:Parent isotopes
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842:(9): 134–143.
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620:(5): 497–519.
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335:William Ramsay
324:uranium series
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179:Decay products
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754:on 2016-08-24
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518:(3): 030001.
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443:United States
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430:uranium mines
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940:. Retrieved
930:
918:. Retrieved
914:the original
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835:
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782:
756:. Retrieved
749:the original
721:(1): 20–36.
718:
714:
701:
666:
660:
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607:
595:. Retrieved
560:
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388:polonium-218
381:
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354:
350:
346:
342:
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304:Pierre Curie
289:
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236:
235:
201:Decay energy
143:222.0175763
139:Isotope mass
121:
98:Nuclide data
85:
68:
969:Carcinogens
942:22 February
920:22 February
597:22 February
384:alpha decay
296:radioactive
280:lung cancer
264:uranium-238
257:decay chain
214:Alpha decay
190:Decay modes
958:Categories
789:(9): 804.
758:2019-02-22
693:2016935977
485:References
439:carcinogen
403:beta decay
268:radium-226
261:primordial
196:Decay mode
874:118513731
849:1407.5844
731:CiteSeerX
627:1205.5841
343:emanation
253:half-life
251:, with a
237:Radon-222
117:Half-life
813:23965684
652:12590893
453:See also
392:lead-206
81:Neutrons
854:Bibcode
791:Bibcode
723:Bibcode
632:Bibcode
520:Bibcode
351:actinon
316:thorium
286:History
272:element
245:isotope
169: (
64:Protons
36:General
872:
811:
733:
691:
681:
650:
445:after
355:thoron
292:radium
219:5.5904
171:α
42:Symbol
896:(PDF)
870:S2CID
844:arXiv
752:(PDF)
711:(PDF)
648:S2CID
622:arXiv
591:(PDF)
553:(PDF)
508:(PDF)
465:Notes
434:gamma
363:radon
347:radon
339:niton
300:Marie
298:ore,
276:radon
249:radon
110:Trace
52:Names
944:2019
922:2019
809:PMID
719:1034
689:LCCN
679:ISBN
599:2019
353:and
310:and
302:and
152:Spin
862:doi
830:BaF
799:doi
741:doi
671:doi
640:doi
565:doi
528:doi
411:keV
259:of
247:of
205:MeV
125:1/2
92:136
960::
882:^
868:.
860:.
852:.
840:50
838:.
821:^
807:.
797:.
785:.
781:.
767:^
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717:.
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687:.
677:.
646:.
638:.
630:.
618:99
616:.
577:^
561:41
559:.
555:.
540:^
526:.
516:41
514:.
510:.
493:^
394:.
330:.
282:.
184:Po
167:Ra
145:Da
75:86
46:Rn
946:.
924:.
876:.
864::
856::
846::
832:2
815:.
801::
793::
787:5
761:.
743::
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522::
207:)
203:(
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156:0
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122:t
120:(
88:)
86:N
84:(
71:)
69:Z
67:(
20:)
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