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30:
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3646:(CRRC)'s "Caucasus Barometer" found out that for around 25% of the citizens religion was "very important" and for 43% "rather important" but just two years later, in 2012, as per the same organization those who considered it "very important" rose to 33% while those who chose "rather important" rose to 47% (16% selecting "less important", 2% not important and 1% not knowing.)
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3546:, 25 kilometers northeast of central Baku, and was renowned for its thirteenth-century Shia shrine. Unlike the rest of the country which was staunchly secular and which can be considered religiously progressive, Nardaran was the only place in the whole of Azerbaijan where its inhabitants are devoutly religious and
3539:, there were 17 mosques functioning in the country. In the 1980s only two large and five smaller mosques held services in Baku, and only eleven others were operating in the rest of the country. Supplementing the officially sanctioned mosques were thousands of private houses of prayer and many secret Islamic sects.
3615:
After independence, the laws regarding religion are quite clear. In
Article 7 of the constitution, Azerbaijan is declared a secular state. This point is driven home in Article 19 with the statement of the separation of religion and state and the equality of all religions before the law as well as the
4449:
In 1922 Soviet officials and local intellectuals, living in the newly-created republic of Soviet
Azerbaijan, in order to reduce the influence of Islam and Iran, as well as to instill a much-needed national identity, introduced a Latin alphabet, similar to the new Latin alphabet created in Turkey for
3747:
As a result of this incident, the
Azerbaijani parliament passed laws prohibiting people with religious education received abroad to implement Islamic rites and ceremonies in Azerbaijan, as well as to preach in mosques and occupy leading positions in the country; as well as prohibiting the display of
3716:
Azerbaijan can rightly claim to be among the most progressive and secular
Islamic societies. Aside from having been the first Muslim country to have operas, theater plays, and a democratic republic, Azerbaijan today is among the Muslim countries where support for secularism is the highest, and where
3631:
A 1998 survey estimated the proportion of ardent believers in
Azerbaijan at close to 7 percent, slightly more than the number of declared atheists — almost 4 percent — with the largest numbers falling into the category of those who consider Islam above all as a way of life, without strict observance
4471:
In 1922, the
Soviets, in order to reduce the influence of Islam and Iran as well as to instill a much-needed national identity, replaced the Arabo-Persian script used by the Muslims in the South Caucasus with a Latin alphabet (slightly modified in 1933), similar to the new Latin alphabet created in
2214:
In the nineteenth century, many Sunni
Muslims emigrated from Russian-controlled Azerbaijan because of Russia's series of wars with their coreligionists in the Ottoman Empire. Thus, by the late nineteenth century, the Shi'a population was in the majority in Russian Azerbaijan. Antagonism between the
3733:
minorities in the north of
Azerbaijan to engage in insurgent activities". The Salafi movement has been "spurred by missionary activities using external funds and the establishment of mosques", and found support from those who the desire a return to more traditionalist values. As authorities have
3721:
Svante
Cornell believes that the radical groups remain weak, but have a potential to grow under the current domestic and international circumstances. To confront this, the Azerbaijani state needs to address the diarchy in terms of supervision of religious structures. He writes, that the Government
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quote:"While traditionally approximately 65% of local
Muslims are considered Shi'i and 35% Sunnis, due to a great success of international Sunni missionary organisations after the collapse of the Soviet Union, currently the estimated number of practicising Sunni and Shi'i Muslims in the big urban
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3531:
encouraged Muslim religious leaders in Azerbaijan to visit and host foreign Muslim leaders, with the goal of advertising the freedom of religion and superior living conditions reportedly enjoyed by Muslims under Soviet communism.
3611:
and religious instructors to the new Muslim states. A Muslim seminary has also been established since 1991. The growing number of religious Muslims resulted in the establishment of more than 2,000 mosques by 2014.
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and Muslim identity tends to be based more on culture and ethnicity than on religion. Shia Islam is prevalent in the western, central, and southern regions of the country. Traditionally, villages around
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Beginning in the late Gorbachev period, and especially after independence, the number of mosques rose dramatically. Many were built with the support of other Islamic countries, such as
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of prohibitions and requirements, or as a fundamental part of national identity. Another 1998 poll estimated the proportion of ardent believers in Azerbaijan at only 20 percent.
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3744:, a deadly incident broke out between Azerbaijan security forces and religious Shia residents in which two policemen and four suspected Shia Muslim militants were killed.
2129:. Various reports have estimated 97.3% (CIA, 2020) or 99.2% (Pew Research Center, 2006) of the population identifying as Muslim; with the majority being adherents of the
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According to 2011 SCWRA data (the most recent available), 96 percent of the population is Muslim, of which approximately 65 percent is Shia and 35 percent Sunni.
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commemorations in public have also been banned. The Azerbaijani government also passed a law to remove the citizenship of Azerbaijani citizens who fight abroad.
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The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia
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Sunnis and the Shi'a diminished in the late nineteenth century as Azerbaijani nationalism began to emphasize a common Turkic heritage and opposition to
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Islam, state, and society in independent Azerbaijan: between historical legacy and post-Soviet reality with special reference to Baku and its environs
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the country's population historically divided between the Shia (currently some 50-65 percent of the population) and the Sunni (about 35-50 percent).
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1990:
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3501:. The Soviet rule promoted an Azerbaijani national consciousness as a substitute for identification with the world Islamic community and Iran.
2196:(r. 1501-1524), established Shi'a Islam as the state religion, although a portion of people remained Sunni. The population of what is nowadays
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across Azerbaijan as a result of continued problems such as corruption, poverty, and government rule, combined with disillusionment with the
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of 1813 to Russia. However, all this only came to be confirmed in the aftermath of the next and last war between Russia and Iran, the
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1903:
546:
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4929:"В Азербайджане запрещают различные представления в дни Ашура (Azerbaijan will forbid various representations in the days of Ashura)"
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Ismayilov, Murad (2018). "1: Hybrid Intentionality and Exogenus Sources of Elite's Manifold Attitudes to Islam in Azerbaijan".
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In a 2010 survey only half of Azerbaijanis answering yes to the question, "Is religion an important part of your daily life?".
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ISLAMIC AND ETHNIC IDENTITIES IN AZERBAIJAN: EMERGING TRENDS AND TENSIONS, A Discussion Paper, by Hema Kotecha, OSCE, 2006
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Collins, Kathleen (October 2007). "Ideas, networks, and Islamist movements: Evidence from Central Asia and the Caucasus".
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Dragadze, Tamara (1994), "Islam in Azerbaijan: The position of women", in Fawzi El-Solh, Camillia; Mabro, Judy (eds.),
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quote:"Also, according to rough estimates, Shiites constitute 60-65% of the Muslim population, and Sunnis – 35-40%."
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2137:. Traditionally, the differences between these two branches of Islam have not been sharply defined in Azerbaijan.
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Karagiannis, Emmanuel (2010). "Political Islam in the former Soviet Union: Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan compared".
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3858:, Providence, Rhode Island New York: Berg Distributed in North America by New York University Press, pp.
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4943:"Террористов будут лишать азербайджанского гражданства (Terrorists will be deprived Azerbaijani citizenship)"
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as the state religion brought contention between the Safavid rulers and the ruling Sunnis of the neighboring
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were active in Azerbaijan. Most mosques were closed in the 1930s, then some were allowed to reopen during
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3967:"Soviet in public, Azeri in private: Gender, Islam, and nationality in Soviet and post-Soviet Azerbaijan"
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4889:"RUSSIA TO REDIRECT MASSIVE OIL VOLUMES FROM DRUZHBA TO BALTIC PIPELINE | the Jamestown Foundation"
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religious paraphernalia, flags and slogans, except in places of worship, religious centers and offices.
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4915:"В Азербайджане запретят мулл, обучавшихся за границей (Azerbaijan has banned mullahs studying abroad)"
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from different countries. However it works against a headwind of traditional secularism. According to
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4608:"Azerbaijani Jews worried over increasing radical Islamists, By Amiram Barkat, Haaretz - 02.15.2006"
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The Dialectics of Post-Soviet Modernity and the Changing Contours of Islamic Discourse in Azerbaijan
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are considered Shia strongholds. In contrast, Sunni Islam is dominant in the northern regions.
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As elsewhere in the Muslim world, the two branches of Islam came into conflict in Azerbaijan.
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policies toward Islam in general and Islamic radicalism in particular have been inadequate.
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and what is nowadays Azerbaijan were converted to Shia Islam at the same moment in history.
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4725:"The Clear Banner: The Forgotten Fighters: Azerbaijani Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq"
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Fereydoun Safizadeh, "On Dilemmas of Identity in the Post-Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan,"
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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4866:[The bodies of those killed in Nardaran were handed over to their relatives].
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Islam arrived in Azerbaijan with Arabs in the seventh century, gradually supplanting
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Islamic activism in Azerbaijan: repression and mobilization in a Post-Soviet context
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of 1828. In 1918, Azerbaijan declared independence from Russia and established the
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4128:"Azerbaijan a Destination Worthwhile. My week travel log in Azerbaijan - Day two"
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Bashirov, Galib (2020). "The Politics of the Hijab in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan".
4775:"Рамиль Усубов: В связи с событиями в Нардаране арестованы 32 человека – ВИДЕО"
4024:"Islam and Secularism: the Azerbaijani experience and its reflection in France"
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country and is often considered the most secularized Muslim-majority nation.
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1951:
4695:"The Rise of Militant Salafism in Azerbaijan and Its Regional Implications"
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The State Committee on Religious Associations of the Republic of Azerbaijan
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S. Nielsem, Jorgen; Balciz Goyushov, Bayram, Altay (2013). "Azerbaijan".
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3550:, where its streets display religious banners and where most women wear
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Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, Pathways Toward Terrorism and Genocide
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was forced to cede therefore almost all of Azerbaijan according to the
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Citizens of Azerbaijan have joined terrorist organizations in Syria.
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Azerbaijan: Islamic threat to religious harmony, Open Democracy News
4399:
The Caspian: politics, energy and security, By Shirin Akiner, pg.158
4942:
6376:
5012:
Azerbaijan: Islam in a post-soviet republic. By Anar Valiyev, CAEI
4928:
4914:
4774:
3579:
3568:
2144:
of Shia Islam, while Sunni Muslims typically adhere to either the
2114:
2079:
4789:"Дороги в Нардаран перекрыты бетонными плитами - [ВИДЕО]"
4351:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5969:
3701:
3600:
3596:
3574:
2216:
2197:
2162:
2130:
2107:
1829:
6917:
6380:
5973:
5032:
4515:"Svante E. Cornell. The Politicization of Islam in Azerbaijan"
3734:
repressed Salafis in the north they have become more radical.
3653:
4467:
Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900-1914
4005:
4108:"2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Azerbaijan"
4078:"Interactive Data Table: World Muslim Population by Country"
3542:
The lone center of conservative Shia Islam, was the town of
3855:
Muslim women's choices: Religious belief and social reality
4590:
Religious Revival and Secularism in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan
4006:"Muslim Population Growth in Europe Pew Research Center"
3558:
was founded in this town and its base was centered there.
3842:
Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Silk Road Studies Program
3504:
During World War II, Soviet authorities established the
4839:"МВД сообщает, что в доме Э.Гасымова обнаружено оружие"
4633:"BBC NEWS - Europe - Azeri poverty fuels rise of Islam"
4360:
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia : country studies
3717:
radical ideologies have met only very limited interest.
4509:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4052:"Middle East :: Azerbaijan — The World Factbook"
2156:
policy, religious affiliation in Azerbaijan is often
2133:(55-65%), while a significant minority (35-45%) are
7079:
7063:
7021:
6951:
6643:
6592:
6541:
6475:
6414:
6305:
6265:
6007:
5892:
5827:
5690:
5609:
5515:
5506:
5469:
5351:
5317:
5261:
5165:
5079:
5070:
4750:"GUEST POST: Azerbaijani Foreign Fighters in Syria"
3616:secular character of the state educational system.
4904:=44846&cHash=c3ba7363d698036659ab0e10c671aeaf
3493:Before Soviet power was established, about 2,000
3561:There is some evidence of Sufism in Azerbaijan.
2188:In the sixteenth century, the first shah of the
4164:. London SE11 4AB: Lexington Books. p. 2.
2121:, but the country is considered to be the most
4693:Souleimanov, Emil; Ehrmann, Maya (Fall 2013).
4578:August 31, 2010 - data accessed on 22 May 2015
4576:Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations
4200:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 65.
3508:in Baku as the governing body of Islam in the
6929:
6392:
5985:
5044:
3431:
2038:
1655:
8:
4224:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3638:Yet in 2017 Dobroslawa Wiktor-Mach noted an
3584:A stone-age cave converted into a Mosque in
3512:, in effect reviving the nineteenth-century
2140:Most Shia Muslims in the country follow the
4814:"Ситуация в Нардаране остается напряженной"
4669:"Azerbaijan: Does Wahhabism Pose A Threat?"
4145:"The Syrian Crisis: A View from Azerbaijan"
3913:Archives de sciences sociales des religions
3838:"The politicization of Islam in Azerbaijan"
3450:In 1806, Azerbaijan became occupied by the
6936:
6922:
6914:
6399:
6385:
6377:
5992:
5978:
5970:
5696:
5615:
5512:
5357:
5076:
5051:
5037:
5029:
4285:
4283:
4149:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
3729:and Maya Ehrmann, there is "a trend among
3438:
3424:
2226:
2045:
2031:
1673:
1662:
1648:
450:
6483:Reception of Islam in early modern Europe
3982:
3925:
2097:
28:
6625:Hijab and burka controversies in Europe
6615:Liberal and progressive Islam in Europe
4864:"Тела убитых в Нардаране выданы родным"
4548:Azerbaijan: The Hidden Faces of Islam.
4198:Yearbook of Muslims in Europe: Volume 5
4046:
4044:
3997:
3506:Muslim Spiritual Board of Transcaucasia
2229:
1977:
1959:
1916:
1843:
1775:
1692:
1685:
453:
6518:Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina
4945:(in Russian). Oxu.az. 2 December 2015.
4931:(in Russian). Oxu.az. 2 December 2015.
4917:(in Russian). Oxu.az. 2 December 2015.
4217:
4180:
3965:Tohidi, Nayereh (January–April 1996).
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4235:Whitaker's Shorts 2015: International
3906:Motika, Raoul (July–September 2001).
3486:party, but was incorporated into the
7:
6452:Medieval Christian views on Muhammad
5279:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
4330:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4437:. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. ix.
3971:Women's Studies International Forum
3836:Cornell, Svante E. (October 2006).
42:by percentage of country population
6533:Orientalism in early modern France
4363:(1st ed.). Washington, D.C.:
25:
7087:Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan
3908:"Islam in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan"
3644:Caucasus Research Resource Center
7012:
6360:
6351:
6350:
5342:
4588:Wiktor-Mach, Dobroslawa (2017).
4472:Turkey for much the same reason.
4469:. Routledge. pp. xiii–xiv.
4346:
3658:
3407:
2992:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2318:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2237:
1631:
1216:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
542:Democratic Republic of the Congo
461:
6574:Nazi Germany and the Arab world
6569:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
4292:"Islam and Youth in Azerbaijan"
4290:Mammadli, Nijat (7 June 2018).
4263:"Islam and Youth in Azerbaijan"
4261:Mammadli, Nijat (7 June 2018).
4143:Balci, Bayram (18 March 2013).
2223:Russian Empire and Soviet Union
1777:Traditional areas of settlement
6620:Religion in the European Union
6318:British Indian Ocean Territory
5325:History of the name Azerbaijan
5284:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
4870:(in Russian). December 5, 2015
4126:Greenger, Nurit (8 May 2017).
3480:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
18:Radical Islamism in Azerbaijan
1:
6447:Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture
5248:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
4552:, Volume XIX, No 3, Fall 2002
4396:Akiner, Shirin (2004-07-05).
4114:. 2 June 2022. Archived from
3642:in the country: In 2010, the
3472:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
3460:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
6437:Transmission of the Classics
4673:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
4667:Fuller, Liz (8 April 2008).
4008:. 2024-07-10. Archived from
3984:10.1016/0277-5395(95)00074-7
3891:10.1080/17467586.2010.514937
2117:is the majority religion in
5309:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
5238:Russo-Persian War (1804–13)
4484:ALESKEROVA, Nesrin (2007).
4057:Central Intelligence Agency
3696:There is a certain rise of
3556:Islamic Party of Azerbaijan
3517:Muslim Ecclesiastical Board
7134:
5294:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
4699:Middle East Policy Council
4564:Caucasian Regional Studies
3689:
3554:in public. The now banned
2205:Enforcement of Shi'a Islam
7010:
6346:
5924:
5699:
5618:
5360:
5340:
4365:Federal Research Division
4357:Curtis, Glenn E. (1995).
3725:According to researchers
3667:This section needs to be
3607:, which also contributed
2152:. Due to many decades of
2071:
2066:
2061:
1991:Deportations from Armenia
6067:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
5479:Administrative divisions
5269:Armenian–Tatar massacres
5223:Khanates of the Caucasus
4402:. Taylor & Francis.
4187:: CS1 maint: location (
4026:. PR Web. Archived from
3943:Sattarov, Rufat (2009).
3767:2007 Baku terrorist plot
3519:. During the tenures of
3361:Northern Mariana Islands
2303:Central African Republic
1585:Northern Mariana Islands
527:Central African Republic
6528:Islamization of Albania
6493:Anglo-Moroccan alliance
6488:Protestantism and Islam
6432:Islam in southern Italy
6328:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5112:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
5107:Khojaly–Gadabay culture
4296:Baku Research Institute
4267:Baku Research Institute
4213:areas are almost equal"
4112:U.S Department of State
3947:. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
3779:Bedford, Sofie (2009).
3692:Terrorism in Azerbaijan
3311:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1927:Pre-Abrahamic religions
1535:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6945:Religion in Azerbaijan
6686:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6549:Islam in the Far North
6498:Ottoman wars in Europe
5304:Independent Azerbaijan
4486:"SUFISM IN AZERBAIJAN"
4450:much the same reasons.
4431:Bournoutian, George A.
3719:
3624:Azerbaijan has been a
3592:
3577:
3565:After the Soviet Union
3454:as the latter invaded
3062:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2219:religious influences.
2111:
2095:
1286:Bosnia and Herzegovina
448:
112:Bosnia and Herzegovina
7118:Islam in the Caucasus
6503:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
6442:Cultural transmission
5253:Treaty of Turkmenchay
4566:, vol.3, no.1 (1998).
4545:Tadeusz Swietochowski
3714:
3583:
3572:
3476:Treaty of Turkmenchay
2982:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2480:São Tomé and Príncipe
2323:Republic of the Congo
2101:
2083:
1206:Saint Kitts and Nevis
704:São Tomé and Príncipe
547:Republic of the Congo
32:
6579:Islam and secularism
6422:Conquest of Hispania
6242:United Arab Emirates
5494:World Heritage Sites
4966:Nationalities Papers
4550:World Policy Journal
4367:. pp. 106–107.
4238:. Bloomsbury. 2014.
4030:on February 14, 2015
3787:Stockholm University
3462:. In the aftermath,
2807:United Arab Emirates
2243:World percentage of
1031:United Arab Emirates
467:World percentage of
7108:Islam in Azerbaijan
6985:Oriental Orthodoxy
6593:Contemporary issues
6559:Islam and modernity
6513:Barbary slave trade
6269:limited recognition
5097:Kura–Araxes culture
5092:Bronze and Iron age
4978:10.1017/nps.2018.81
4488:. CA & CC Press
4463:Bournoutian, George
4155:on 18 January 2022.
4138:on 19 January 2023.
4083:Pew Research Center
3698:religious extremism
3002:Trinidad and Tobago
2842:Antigua and Barbuda
2062:Islam in Azerbaijan
1226:Trinidad and Tobago
1066:Antigua and Barbuda
6994:Caucasian Albanian
6523:Russo-Turkish wars
5668:Telecommunications
5663:Petroleum industry
5243:Treaty of Gulistan
5127:Leyla-Tepe culture
5122:Jar-Burial Culture
5102:Nakhchivan culture
5022:2016-03-05 at the
5005:2009-03-05 at the
4777:. 2 December 2015.
4273:on 20 April 2023.
4132:The Jerusalem Post
3927:10.4000/assr.18423
3620:Religiosity levels
3593:
3578:
3482:under its leading
3474:and the resulting
3468:Treaty of Gulistan
2907:Dominican Republic
2112:
2104:Bibi-Heybat Mosque
2096:
1791:Iranian Azerbaijan
1131:Dominican Republic
449:
7095:
7094:
6969:Eastern Orthodoxy
6911:
6910:
6610:Islamic terrorism
6584:Islamic democracy
6564:Islam in the USSR
6374:
6373:
6311:other territories
5967:
5966:
5920:
5919:
5842:Ethnic minorities
5784:Novruz (New Year)
5754:National identity
5686:
5685:
5658:Natural resources
5605:
5604:
5577:Political parties
5572:National Assembly
5555:Children's rights
5540:Foreign relations
5502:
5501:
5338:
5337:
5289:Soviet Azerbaijan
5137:Caucasian Albania
5132:Achaemenid Empire
4596:. pp. 92–93.
4207:978-90-04-25456-5
3810:10.1353/wp.0.0002
3688:
3687:
3525:Mikhail Gorbachev
3448:
3447:
2338:Equatorial Guinea
2093:Ganja, Azerbaijan
2076:
2075:
2055:
2054:
2018:Azerbaijan Portal
1837:
1811:
1794:
1672:
1671:
562:Equatorial Guinea
447:
446:
16:(Redirected from
7125:
7113:Islam by country
7016:
6938:
6931:
6924:
6915:
6891:Northern Ireland
6401:
6394:
6387:
6378:
6364:
6354:
6353:
6323:Christmas Island
6009:Sovereign states
5994:
5987:
5980:
5971:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5697:
5653:Mineral industry
5643:Manat (currency)
5616:
5513:
5358:
5346:
5330:The Land of Fire
5178:Sallarid dynasty
5147:Arran (Caucasus)
5077:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5030:
4989:
4947:
4946:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4891:. Archived from
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4868:Кавказский узел
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4841:. Archived from
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4816:. Archived from
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4791:. Archived from
4785:
4779:
4778:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4610:. Archived from
4604:
4598:
4597:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4560:
4554:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4520:. Archived from
4519:
4511:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4287:
4278:
4277:
4269:. Archived from
4258:
4252:
4249:
4229:
4223:
4215:
4192:
4186:
4178:
4156:
4151:. Archived from
4139:
4134:. Archived from
4122:
4118:on 4 June 2022.
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:. 7 October 2009
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4002:
3988:
3986:
3977:(1–2): 111–123.
3958:
3939:
3929:
3920:(115): 111–124.
3902:
3873:
3845:
3829:
3790:
3727:Emil Souleimanov
3683:
3680:
3674:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3414:Islam portal
3412:
3411:
3410:
3371:Papua New Guinea
3336:Marshall Islands
3306:Christmas Island
3269:Northern Ireland
2241:
2231:Islam by country
2227:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2006:Khojaly massacre
1827:
1805:
1788:
1674:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1638:Islam portal
1636:
1635:
1634:
1595:Papua New Guinea
1560:Marshall Islands
1530:Christmas Island
1493:Northern Ireland
465:
455:Islam by country
451:
350:
319:
283:
257:
186:
145:
124:
98:
77:
51:
45:
44:
40:
21:
7133:
7132:
7128:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7091:
7075:
7059:
7022:Other religions
7017:
7008:
6952:Major religions
6947:
6942:
6912:
6907:
6811:North Macedonia
6639:
6600:Islam in Europe
6588:
6537:
6508:Barbary pirates
6471:
6410:
6408:Islam in Europe
6405:
6375:
6370:
6342:
6310:
6301:
6282:Northern Cyprus
6268:
6261:
6003:
5998:
5968:
5963:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5916:
5912:National emblem
5907:National anthem
5888:
5847:Gender equality
5823:
5789:Public holidays
5682:
5601:
5562:Law enforcement
5498:
5465:
5451:Protected areas
5365:Bodies of water
5347:
5334:
5313:
5257:
5161:
5152:Sasanian Empire
5142:Parthian Empire
5066:
5057:
5024:Wayback Machine
5007:Wayback Machine
4996:
4963:
4960:
4958:Further reading
4955:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4896:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4873:
4871:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4848:
4846:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4823:
4821:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4798:
4796:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4758:
4756:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4731:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4617:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4574:
4570:
4561:
4557:
4543:
4539:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4445:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4375:
4356:
4347:
4345:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4246:
4232:
4216:
4208:
4195:
4179:
4172:
4159:
4142:
4125:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4089:
4087:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4062:
4060:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4033:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3964:
3955:
3942:
3905:
3876:
3870:
3851:
3835:
3793:
3778:
3775:
3773:Further reading
3758:
3706:religious sects
3704:and support of
3694:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3640:Islamic revival
3622:
3567:
3537:Azerbaijani SSR
3521:Leonid Brezhnev
3444:
3408:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3381:Solomon Islands
3296:
3286:
3285:
3182:North Macedonia
3032:
3022:
3021:
2837:
2827:
2826:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2258:
2248:
2225:
2175:
2167:Lankaran region
2078:
2077:
2051:
1668:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1605:Solomon Islands
1520:
1510:
1509:
1406:North Macedonia
1256:
1246:
1245:
1061:
1051:
1050:
784:
774:
773:
482:
472:
443:
352:
348:
342:
321:
317:
311:
285:
281:
275:
259:
255:
249:
188:
184:
178:
147:
143:
137:
133:North Macedonia
126:
122:
116:
100:
96:
90:
79:
75:
69:
53:
49:
43:
41:
37:Islam in Europe
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7131:
7129:
7121:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7100:
7099:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7083:
7081:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7055:Zoroastrianism
7052:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7025:
7023:
7019:
7018:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7004:
7002:Roman Catholic
6999:
6998:
6997:
6991:
6983:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6961:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6918:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6881:United Kingdom
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
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6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5995:
5990:
5988:
5983:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5345:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5299:Black January
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:Afsharid Iran
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:Sajid dynasty
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5049:
5047:
5042:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4895:on 2016-02-13
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4845:on 2016-03-04
4844:
4840:
4834:
4831:
4820:on 2015-12-27
4819:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4795:on 2015-12-27
4794:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4686:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4614:on 2012-02-25
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4538:
4527:on 2013-04-18
4523:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4487:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4411:
4409:9780203641675
4405:
4401:
4400:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4374:0-8444-0848-4
4370:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4354:
4353:public domain
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4247:
4245:9781472914842
4241:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4177:
4173:
4171:9781498568364
4167:
4163:
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4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3992:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3954:9783895006920
3950:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3869:9780854968367
3865:
3861:
3857:
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3803:
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3768:
3765:
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3755:
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3745:
3743:
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3735:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3682:
3670:
3665:
3656:
3655:
3650:Radical Islam
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3591:
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3530:
3526:
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3518:
3515:
3511:
3507:
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3500:
3496:
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3489:
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3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3429:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3351:New Caledonia
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
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3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Liechtenstein
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:United States
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:French Guiana
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
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2755:
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2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
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2713:
2710:
2708:
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2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
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2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
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2503:
2501:
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2473:
2471:
2468:
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2458:
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2436:
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2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Guinea-Bissau
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Black January
1999:
1997:
1996:Gugark pogrom
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1909:United States
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:New Caledonia
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Liechtenstein
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:United States
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:French Guiana
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
783:
778:
777:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
668:
665:
664:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
602:Guinea-Bissau
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
481:
476:
475:
470:
464:
460:
459:
456:
452:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
354:
351: < 1%
346:
345:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
323:
315:
314:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
287:
279:
278:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
261:
253:
252:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
220:Liechtenstein
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
190:
182:
181:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
149:
141:
140:
134:
131:
130:
128:
120:
119:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
102:
94:
93:
87:
84:
83:
81:
73:
72:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
55:
52: 95–100%
47:
46:
39:
38:
31:
27:
19:
7029:Bahá'í Faith
6964:Christianity
6958:
6670:
6630:Islamophobia
6476:Early Modern
6307:Dependencies
6237:Turkmenistan
6202:Saudi Arabia
6026:
5945:Bibliography
5829:Demographics
5709:Architecture
5628:Central Bank
5545:Human rights
5530:Constitution
5471:Subdivisions
5228:Zand dynasty
5213:Safavid Iran
5203:Kara Koyunlu
5188:Shirvanshahs
4969:
4965:
4937:
4923:
4909:
4897:. Retrieved
4893:the original
4883:
4872:. Retrieved
4867:
4858:
4847:. Retrieved
4843:the original
4833:
4822:. Retrieved
4818:the original
4808:
4797:. Retrieved
4793:the original
4783:
4769:
4757:. Retrieved
4753:
4744:
4732:. Retrieved
4728:
4719:
4707:. Retrieved
4702:
4698:
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4672:
4662:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4627:
4616:. Retrieved
4612:the original
4602:
4589:
4583:
4571:
4563:
4558:
4549:
4540:
4529:. Retrieved
4522:the original
4490:. Retrieved
4479:
4470:
4466:
4457:
4448:
4434:
4425:
4413:. Retrieved
4398:
4391:
4359:
4299:. Retrieved
4295:
4274:
4271:the original
4266:
4256:
4234:
4211:
4197:
4175:
4161:
4153:the original
4148:
4136:the original
4131:
4119:
4116:the original
4111:
4099:
4088:. Retrieved
4081:
4072:
4061:. Retrieved
4055:
4032:. Retrieved
4028:the original
4018:
4010:the original
4000:
3974:
3970:
3944:
3917:
3911:
3885:(1): 46–61.
3882:
3878:
3854:
3841:
3804:(1): 64–96.
3801:
3795:
3781:
3746:
3739:
3736:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3695:
3676:
3668:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3614:
3605:Saudi Arabia
3594:
3573:A Mosque in
3560:
3541:
3534:
3503:
3499:World War II
3492:
3488:Soviet Union
3449:
3316:Cook Islands
2802:Turkmenistan
2762:Saudi Arabia
2574:
2505:South Africa
2495:Sierra Leone
2283:Burkina Faso
2213:
2202:
2187:
2179:Christianity
2176:
2139:
2127:Muslim world
2113:
2110:, Azerbaijan
2017:
1937:Christianity
1931:
1889:Turkmenistan
1703:Architecture
1687:Azerbaijanis
1540:Cook Islands
1026:Turkmenistan
986:Saudi Arabia
798:
729:South Africa
719:Sierra Leone
507:Burkina Faso
146: 10–20%
125: 30–35%
99: 50–55%
78: 90–95%
59:
35:
26:
6866:Switzerland
6806:Netherlands
6554:Orientalism
6462:Reconquista
6415:Middle Ages
6366:Asia portal
6267:States with
6187:Philippines
6127:South Korea
6122:North Korea
6017:Afghanistan
5867:LGBT rights
5809:Tea culture
5623:Agriculture
5392:Environment
5387:Earthquakes
5370:Caspian Sea
5166:Middle Ages
4415:17 December
3535:During the
3458:during the
3356:New Zealand
3249:Switzerland
3177:Netherlands
2987:Saint Lucia
2917:El Salvador
2752:Philippines
2680:South Korea
2675:North Korea
2565:Afghanistan
2510:South Sudan
2383:Ivory Coast
2131:Shia branch
1978:Persecution
1970:Azerbaijani
1580:New Zealand
1473:Switzerland
1401:Netherlands
1211:Saint Lucia
1141:El Salvador
976:Philippines
904:South Korea
899:North Korea
789:Afghanistan
734:South Sudan
607:Ivory Coast
230:Switzerland
225:Netherlands
187: 5–10%
7102:Categories
7044:Irreligion
6801:Montenegro
6786:Luxembourg
6671:Azerbaijan
6644:By country
6467:Tatar yoke
6427:Al-Andalus
6247:Uzbekistan
6222:Tajikistan
6137:Kyrgyzstan
6117:Kazakhstan
6037:Bangladesh
6027:Azerbaijan
5857:Healthcare
5764:Literature
5648:Metallurgy
5517:Government
5274:March Days
5233:Qajar Iran
5208:Aq Qoyunlu
5193:Eldiguzids
5183:Shaddadids
5060:Azerbaijan
4899:2010-04-05
4874:2022-03-23
4849:2015-12-26
4824:2015-12-26
4799:2015-12-26
4759:25 October
4754:JIHADOLOGY
4734:25 October
4729:JIHADOLOGY
4618:2009-10-31
4594:De Gruyter
4531:2009-05-15
4090:2020-08-09
4063:2023-07-09
4034:2013-08-16
3993:References
3590:Azerbaijan
3456:Qajar Iran
3341:Micronesia
3219:San Marino
3172:Montenegro
3152:Luxembourg
2892:Costa Rica
2812:Uzbekistan
2787:Tajikistan
2692:Kyrgyzstan
2665:Kazakhstan
2615:East Timor
2585:Bangladesh
2575:Azerbaijan
2490:Seychelles
2450:Mozambique
2423:Mauritania
2408:Madagascar
2298:Cape Verde
2247:by country
2119:Azerbaijan
2086:Shah Abbas
1986:March Days
1899:Uzbekistan
1879:Kyrgyzstan
1874:Kazakhstan
1798:Azerbaijan
1733:Literature
1565:Micronesia
1443:San Marino
1396:Montenegro
1376:Luxembourg
1116:Costa Rica
1036:Uzbekistan
1011:Tajikistan
916:Kyrgyzstan
889:Kazakhstan
839:East Timor
809:Bangladesh
799:Azerbaijan
714:Seychelles
674:Mozambique
647:Mauritania
632:Madagascar
522:Cape Verde
471:by country
434:San Marino
320: 1–2%
292:Luxembourg
284: 2–4%
258: 4–5%
169:Montenegro
60:Azerbaijan
7064:By region
6781:Lithuania
6333:Hong Kong
6287:Palestine
6212:Sri Lanka
6207:Singapore
6087:Indonesia
5862:Languages
5837:Education
5779:Mythology
5704:Animation
5678:Transport
5633:Companies
5597:Migration
5587:President
5535:Elections
5446:Orography
5429:Mountains
5353:Geography
5198:Ilkhanate
5087:Stone Age
4986:212928375
4220:cite book
4183:cite book
4103:Sources:
3899:143621102
3826:145601429
3785:(Ph.D.).
3731:Dagestani
3679:July 2021
3490:in 1920.
3301:Australia
3212:Tatarstan
3147:Lithuania
3017:Venezuela
2962:Nicaragua
2932:Guatemala
2847:Argentina
2772:Sri Lanka
2767:Singapore
2747:Palestine
2635:Indonesia
2625:Hong Kong
2428:Mauritius
2192:Dynasty,
1952:Yarsanism
1525:Australia
1436:Tatarstan
1371:Lithuania
1241:Venezuela
1186:Nicaragua
1156:Guatemala
1071:Argentina
996:Sri Lanka
991:Singapore
971:Palestine
859:Indonesia
849:Hong Kong
652:Mauritius
404:Lithuania
7049:Paganism
7039:Hinduism
6989:Armenian
6979:Georgian
6896:Scotland
6851:Slovenia
6846:Slovakia
6826:Portugal
6691:Bulgaria
6457:Crusades
6356:Category
6277:Abkhazia
6227:Thailand
6182:Pakistan
6162:Mongolia
6157:Maldives
6152:Malaysia
6052:Cambodia
5954:Category
5794:Religion
5759:Language
5749:Holidays
5744:Folklore
5582:Politics
5567:Military
5508:Politics
5461:Wildlife
5318:By topic
5064:articles
5020:Archived
5003:Archived
4678:22 March
4638:22 March
4465:(2018).
4433:(2016).
4383:31709972
4301:20 April
3936:30127240
3818:40060181
3756:See also
3742:Nardaran
3586:Gobustan
3544:Nardaran
3510:Caucasus
3331:Kiribati
3274:Scotland
3234:Slovenia
3229:Slovakia
3197:Portugal
3067:Bulgaria
2997:Suriname
2972:Paraguay
2947:Honduras
2902:Dominica
2887:Colombia
2857:Barbados
2835:Americas
2792:Thailand
2742:Pakistan
2722:Mongolia
2717:Maldives
2712:Malaysia
2600:Cambodia
2545:Zimbabwe
2520:Tanzania
2353:Ethiopia
2348:Eswatini
2328:Djibouti
2293:Cameroon
2278:Botswana
2194:Ismail I
2165:and the
1961:Language
1918:Religion
1845:Diaspora
1753:Religion
1748:Folklore
1679:a series
1677:Part of
1555:Kiribati
1498:Scotland
1458:Slovenia
1453:Slovakia
1421:Portugal
1291:Bulgaria
1221:Suriname
1196:Paraguay
1171:Honduras
1126:Dominica
1111:Colombia
1081:Barbados
1059:Americas
1016:Thailand
966:Pakistan
946:Mongolia
941:Maldives
936:Malaysia
824:Cambodia
769:Zimbabwe
744:Tanzania
577:Ethiopia
572:Eswatini
552:Djibouti
517:Cameroon
502:Botswana
439:Slovakia
424:Portugal
302:Slovenia
154:Bulgaria
7080:Related
7071:Artsakh
7034:Judaism
6974:Russian
6886:England
6876:Ukraine
6831:Romania
6796:Moldova
6756:Ireland
6751:Iceland
6746:Hungary
6736:Germany
6731:Georgia
6721:Finland
6716:Estonia
6711:Denmark
6696:Croatia
6681:Belgium
6676:Belarus
6666:Austria
6661:Armenia
6656:Andorra
6651:Albania
6252:Vietnam
6167:Myanmar
6147:Lebanon
6077:Georgia
6032:Bahrain
6022:Armenia
5931:Outline
5894:Symbols
5819:Wedding
5814:Theatre
5724:Cuisine
5692:Culture
5673:Tourism
5611:Economy
5525:Cabinet
5484:Borders
5419:Geology
5375:Climate
5157:Shirvan
5072:History
3860:152–163
3669:updated
3626:secular
3609:Qur'ans
3552:chadors
3514:tsarist
3495:mosques
3484:Musavat
3396:Vanuatu
3294:Oceania
3264:England
3254:Ukraine
3202:Romania
3162:Moldova
3122:Ireland
3117:Iceland
3112:Hungary
3102:Germany
3092:Finland
3087:Estonia
3082:Denmark
3077:Czechia
3072:Croatia
3057:Belgium
3052:Belarus
3047:Austria
3042:Andorra
3037:Albania
3012:Uruguay
2952:Jamaica
2927:Grenada
2912:Ecuador
2867:Bolivia
2852:Bahamas
2817:Vietnam
2727:Myanmar
2702:Lebanon
2620:Georgia
2580:Bahrain
2570:Armenia
2530:Tunisia
2500:Somalia
2485:Senegal
2470:Réunion
2465:Nigeria
2455:Namibia
2438:Morocco
2433:Mayotte
2398:Liberia
2393:Lesotho
2343:Eritrea
2313:Comoros
2288:Burundi
2263:Algeria
2245:Muslims
2217:Iranian
2190:Safavid
2185:cults.
2173:History
2158:nominal
2125:in the
2123:secular
2072:Percent
1942:Judaism
1894:Ukraine
1869:Germany
1854:Belarus
1820:Armenia
1815:Georgia
1808:Derbent
1768:Tourism
1763:Theatre
1718:Cuisine
1694:Culture
1620:Vanuatu
1518:Oceania
1488:England
1478:Ukraine
1426:Romania
1386:Moldova
1346:Ireland
1341:Iceland
1336:Hungary
1326:Germany
1316:Finland
1311:Estonia
1306:Denmark
1301:Czechia
1296:Croatia
1281:Belgium
1276:Belarus
1271:Austria
1266:Andorra
1261:Albania
1236:Uruguay
1176:Jamaica
1151:Grenada
1136:Ecuador
1091:Bolivia
1076:Bahamas
1041:Vietnam
951:Myanmar
926:Lebanon
844:Georgia
804:Bahrain
794:Armenia
754:Tunisia
724:Somalia
709:Senegal
694:Réunion
689:Nigeria
679:Namibia
662:Morocco
657:Mayotte
622:Liberia
617:Lesotho
567:Eritrea
537:Comoros
512:Burundi
487:Algeria
469:Muslims
429:Romania
409:Moldova
394:Iceland
389:Hungary
384:Finland
379:Estonia
369:Belarus
364:Armenia
359:Andorra
338:Ukraine
333:Ireland
328:Croatia
245:Denmark
210:Germany
205:Belgium
195:Austria
164:Georgia
107:Albania
6871:Turkey
6861:Sweden
6841:Serbia
6836:Russia
6821:Poland
6816:Norway
6771:Latvia
6766:Kosovo
6741:Greece
6726:France
6701:Cyprus
6542:Modern
6297:Taiwan
6232:Turkey
6197:Russia
6132:Kuwait
6112:Jordan
6102:Israel
6062:Cyprus
6047:Brunei
6042:Bhutan
5959:Portal
5872:People
5852:Health
5734:Dances
5719:Cinema
5638:Energy
5489:Cities
5397:issues
5262:Modern
5062:
4984:
4709:24 May
4654:"Home"
4492:24 May
4441:
4406:
4381:
4371:
4355::
4242:
4204:
4168:
3960:Online
3951:
3934:
3897:
3866:
3824:
3816:
3750:Ashura
3603:, and
3529:Moscow
3391:Tuvalu
3244:Sweden
3224:Serbia
3207:Russia
3192:Poland
3187:Norway
3167:Monaco
3137:Latvia
3132:Kosovo
3107:Greece
3097:France
3030:Europe
2967:Panama
2957:Mexico
2937:Guyana
2877:Canada
2872:Brazil
2862:Belize
2797:Turkey
2782:Taiwan
2687:Kuwait
2660:Jordan
2650:Israel
2610:Cyprus
2595:Brunei
2590:Bhutan
2540:Zambia
2535:Uganda
2475:Rwanda
2413:Malawi
2373:Guinea
2363:Gambia
2268:Angola
2256:Africa
2146:Hanafi
2135:Sunnis
2089:Mosque
1884:Russia
1864:France
1859:Canada
1825:Turkey
1803:Russia
1713:Cinema
1615:Tuvalu
1468:Sweden
1448:Serbia
1431:Russia
1416:Poland
1411:Norway
1391:Monaco
1361:Latvia
1356:Kosovo
1331:Greece
1321:France
1254:Europe
1191:Panama
1181:Mexico
1161:Guyana
1101:Canada
1096:Brazil
1086:Belize
1021:Turkey
1006:Taiwan
911:Kuwait
884:Jordan
874:Israel
834:Cyprus
819:Brunei
814:Bhutan
764:Zambia
759:Uganda
699:Rwanda
637:Malawi
597:Guinea
587:Gambia
492:Angola
480:Africa
419:Poland
414:Monaco
399:Latvia
349:
318:
282:
271:Serbia
256:
240:Norway
215:Greece
200:Sweden
185:
174:Russia
159:France
144:
123:
97:
86:Kosovo
76:
65:Turkey
50:
6959:Islam
6901:Wales
6856:Spain
6791:Malta
6761:Italy
6338:Macau
6257:Yemen
6217:Syria
6192:Qatar
6172:Nepal
6107:Japan
6082:India
6072:Egypt
6057:China
5938:Index
5884:Women
5804:Sport
5774:Music
5769:Media
5739:Dress
5436:Lakes
5424:Caves
5414:Flora
5409:Fauna
5080:Early
4982:S2CID
4953:Notes
4525:(PDF)
4518:(PDF)
3932:JSTOR
3895:S2CID
3822:S2CID
3814:JSTOR
3386:Tonga
3376:Samoa
3366:Palau
3346:Nauru
3279:Wales
3239:Spain
3157:Malta
3127:Italy
2942:Haiti
2882:Chile
2822:Yemen
2777:Syria
2757:Qatar
2732:Nepal
2707:Macau
2670:Korea
2655:Japan
2630:India
2605:China
2515:Sudan
2460:Niger
2403:Libya
2388:Kenya
2368:Ghana
2358:Gabon
2333:Egypt
2273:Benin
2183:pagan
2115:Islam
2067:Islam
1932:Islam
1834:Iğdır
1758:Sport
1743:Music
1738:Media
1728:Dress
1723:Dance
1610:Tonga
1600:Samoa
1590:Palau
1570:Nauru
1503:Wales
1463:Spain
1381:Malta
1351:Italy
1166:Haiti
1106:Chile
1046:Yemen
1001:Syria
981:Qatar
956:Nepal
931:Macau
894:Korea
879:Japan
854:India
829:China
739:Sudan
684:Niger
627:Libya
612:Kenya
592:Ghana
582:Gabon
557:Egypt
497:Benin
307:Spain
297:Malta
266:Italy
6177:Oman
6142:Laos
6097:Iraq
6092:Iran
5902:Flag
5877:list
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