607:. The balloon-based radiofrequency procedure was invented by Robert A. Ganz, Roger Stern and Brian Zelickson in 1999 (System and Method for Treating Abnormal Tissue in the Human Esophagus). While the person is sedated, a catheter is inserted into the esophagus and radiofrequency energy is delivered to the diseased tissue. This outpatient procedure typically lasts from fifteen to thirty minutes. Two months after the procedure, the physician performs an upper endoscopic examination to assess the esophagus for residual Barrett's esophagus. If any Barrett's esophagus is found, the disease can be treated with a focal RFA device. Between 80 and 90% or greater of people in numerous clinical trials have shown complete eradication of Barrett's esophagus in approximately two to three treatments with a favorable safety profile. The treatment of Barrett's esophagus by RFA is durable for up to 5 years.
363:
meditation. Inhibition of the neural impulses that are believed to cause or worsen hypertension has been tried for a few decades. Surgical sympathectomy has helped but not without significant side effects. Therefore, the introduction of non-surgical means of renal denervation using a radiofrequency ablation catheter was enthusiastically welcomed. Although the initial use of radiofrequency-generated heat to ablate nerve endings in the renal arteries to aid in management of 'resistant hypertension' were encouraging, the most recent phase 3 studying looking at catheter-based renal denervation for the treatment of resistant hypertension failed to show any significant reduction in systolic blood pressure.
254:. Since the procedure was first introduced for the treatment of osteoid osteomas in the 1990s, it has been shown in numerous studies to be less invasive and expensive, to result in less bone destruction and to have equivalent safety and efficacy to surgical techniques, with 66 to 95% of people reporting freedom from symptoms. While initial success rates with RFA are high, symptom recurrence after RFA treatment has been reported, with some studies demonstrating a recurrence rate similar to that of surgical treatment. RFA is also increasingly used in the palliative treatment of painful
344:
using a coolant which flows through the catheter) which avoids the risk of complete heart block – a potential complication of radiofrequency ablation in this condition. Recurrence rates with cryoablation are higher, though. Microwave ablation, where tissue is ablated by the microwave energy "cooking" the adjacent tissue, and ultrasonic ablation, creating a heating effect by mechanical vibration, or laser ablation have also been developed but are not in widespread use.
285:
42:
3644:
227:
516:
RFA is a minimally invasive procedure which can usually be done in day-surgery clinics, going home shortly after completion of the procedure. The person is awake during the procedure, so risks associated with general anesthesia are avoided. Whether for back or knee pain, a drawback for this procedure
234:
RFA may be performed to treat tumors in the lung, liver, kidney, and bone, as well as other body organs less commonly. Once the diagnosis of tumor is confirmed, a needle-like RFA probe is placed inside the tumor. The radiofrequency waves passing through the probe increase the temperature within tumor
414:
The possibility of skin burn during the procedure is very small, because the large volumes (500 cc) of dilute
Lidocaine (0.1%) tumescent anesthesia injected along the entire vein prior to the application of radiofrequency provide a heat sink that absorbs the heat created by the device. Early studies
343:
Ablation is now the standard treatment for SVT and typical atrial flutter, In some conditions, especially forms of intra-nodal re-entry (the most common type of SVT), also called atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia or AVNRT, ablation can also be accomplished by cryoablation (tissue freezing
685:
using the heat energy of radio frequency waves to ablate the fibroid tissue. The Acessa device obtained FDA approval in 2012. The device is inserted via a laparoscopic probe and guided inside the fibroid tissue using an ultrasound probe. The heat shrinks the fibroids. Clinical data on the procedure
594:
knees indicated that ultrasound-guided bony landmarks could be used to effectively target the superior medial geniculate nerve, superior lateral geniculate nerve, and inferior medial geniculate nerve – the three nerves commonly targeted for knee RFA – with average nerve-to-needle distances of 1.7,
374:
ablation is a dermatosurgical procedure by using various forms of alternating current. Types of radiofrequency are electrosection, electrocoagulation, electrodessication and fulguration. The use of radiofrequency ablation has obtained importance as it can be used to treat most of the skin lesions
615:
Radiofrequency ablation has been used successfully on benign thyroid nodules for decades, most notably in Europe, South
America and Korea. In the United States, the FDA approved the use of RFA techniques for thyroid nodules in 2018. Since then, professional guidelines reflect its use as a viable
460:
that avoids collateral damage, which is crucial in the head and neck region due to its high density of major nerves and blood vessels. RFA also does not require high temperatures. However, overheating from misapplication of RFA can cause harmful effects such as coagulation on the surface of the
362:
is a very common condition, with about 1 billion people over the world, nearly 75 million in the US alone. Complications of inadequately controlled hypertension are many and have both individual and global impact. Treatment options include medications, diet, exercise, weight reduction and
340:. Radiofrequency ablation for AF can be unipolar (one electrode) or bipolar (two electrodes). Although bipolar can be more successful, it is technically more difficult, resulting in unipolar being used more often. But bipolar is more effective in preventing recurrent atrial arrhythmias.
242:
RFA can usually be administered as an outpatient procedure, though may at times require a brief hospital stay. RFA may be combined with locally delivered chemotherapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). A method currently in phase III trials uses the low-level heat
387:. It is an alternative to the traditional stripping operation. Under ultrasound guidance, a radiofrequency catheter is inserted into the abnormal vein and the vessel treated with radio-energy, resulting in closure of the involved vein. Radiofrequency ablation is used to treat the
2665:
Jasim S, Patel KN, Randolph G, et al. (April 2022). "American
Association of Clinical Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review: The Clinical Utility of Minimally Invasive Interventional Procedures in the Management of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Lesions".
1209:
Weber MA, Sprengel SD, Omlor GW, et al. (April 25, 2015). "Clinical long-term outcome, technical success, and cost analysis of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of osteoblastomas and spinal osteoid osteomas in comparison to open surgical resection".
636:
published an update in
Endocrine Practice, stating that the "new image-guided minimally invasive approaches appear safe and effective alternatives when used appropriately and by trained professionals to treat symptomatic or enlarging thyroid masses".
584:). Other sources indicate 4-5 genicular nerve targets may be justified for ablation to optimize pain relief, while a 2022 analysis indicated that as many as 10 genicular nerve targets for RFA would produce better long-term relief of knee pain.
2572:
Van
Vilsteren FG, Pouw RE, Seewald S, et al. (June 2011). "Stepwise radical endoscopic resection versus radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's oesophagus with high grade dysplasia or early cancer: a multicentre randomised trial".
670:
RFA is also used in radiofrequency lesioning for vein closure in areas where intrusive surgery is contraindicated by trauma, and in liver resection to control bleeding (hemostasis) and facilitate the transection process.
628:
issued the position statement "Thyroid ablative procedures provide valid alternative treatment strategies to conventional surgical management for a subset of patients with symptomatic benign thyroid nodules.
438:
399:. The latter are connecting veins that transport blood from the superficial veins to the deep veins. Branch varicose veins are then usually treated with other minimally invasive procedures, such as
288:
Schematic view of a pulmonary vein ablation. The catheter reaches (from below) through the inferior vena cava, the right atrium and the left atrium, to the orifice of the left upper pulmonary vein.
1594:"Cryoablation Versus Radiofrequency Energy for the Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (the CYRANO Study) : Results From a Large Multicenter Prospective Randomized Trial"
543:. Genicular nerve block is a short (10-30 minutes), outpatient procedure usually performed weeks before genicular RFA. The extent of pain reduction by injecting a local anesthetic, such as
243:(hyperthermia) created by the RFA probe to trigger release of concentrated chemotherapeutic drugs from heat-sensitive liposomes in the margins around the ablated tissue as a treatment for
513:
injections provide temporary pain relief, the injection is repeated a second time to confirm the diagnosis. Then RFA is performed on the nerve(s) that responded well to the injections.
648:
The procedure is similar to a thyroid biopsy, although instead of using a needle to remove cells from the nodule, a probe delivers heat to the interior of the nodule that effectively
558:) to each target genicular nerve, then the radiofrequency electrode is passed through the cannula, and the electrode tip is heated to about 80 °C (176 °F) for one minute to
547:, at specific locations of the target genicular nerves, is self-assessed by the person for hours after the procedure, leading to confirmation with the physician of the need for RFA.
183:
current (over previously used low frequency AC or pulses of DC) are that it does not directly stimulate nerves or heart muscle, and therefore can often be used without the need for
678:
in multiple gestation pregnancies. This has an acceptable success rate for saving the 'pump' twin in recent studies compared to previous methods including laser photocoagulation.
2323:
2431:
Fleischer DE, Overholt BF, Sharma VK, et al. (2010). "Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for
Barrett's esophagus: 5-year outcomes from a prospective multicenter trial".
576:. As of 2023, reviews of clinical outcomes indicated that efficacy for reducing knee pain was achieved by ablating three or more branches of the genicular nerve (one of the
1083:
587:
Knee pain relief of 50% or more following genicular RFA may last from several months to two years, and can be repeated by the same outpatient procedure when pain recurs.
633:
961:
2347:"Can ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves of the knee, be performed without locating corresponding arterial pulsations – a cadaveric study"
235:
tissue, which results in destruction of the tumor. RFA can be used with small tumors, whether these arose within the organ (primary tumors) or spread to the organ (
187:, and that it is specific for treating the desired tissue without significant collateral damage. Due to this, RFA is an alternative for eligible patients who have
2618:"General Principles for the Safe Performance, Training, and Adoption of Ablation Techniques for Benign Thyroid Nodules: An American Thyroid Association Statement"
2214:
1058:
2779:
Chuter GS, Chua YP, Connell DA, et al. (January 2013). "Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in the management of interdigital (Morton's) neuroma".
1166:
Rosenthal DI, Alexander A, Rosenberg AE, et al. (April 1, 1992). "Ablation of osteoid osteomas with a percutaneously placed electrode: a new procedure".
194:
Documented benefits have led to RFA becoming widely used during the 21st century. RFA procedures are performed under image guidance (such as X-ray screening,
2883:
3592:
2918:
565:
As of 2019, several hundred publications showed promise for substantial, long-term (6 months or longer) reduction of knee pain following genicular RFA.
320:. The energy-emitting probe (electrode) is at the tip of a catheter which is placed into the heart, usually through a vein. This catheter is called the
3014:
130:
655:
In order to qualify for an RFA procedure, a person must have a clearly benign thyroid nodule, usually proven by two fine needle aspiration biopsies.
995:
2765:
2283:"Comparative Effectiveness Review of Cooled Versus Pulsed Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review"
85:
81:
77:
69:
3412:
3002:
73:
3287:
1545:"Minimally Invasive Epicardial Surgical Ablation Alone Versus Hybrid Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
1304:
Rimondi E, Mavrogenis AF, Rossi G, et al. (August 14, 2011). "Radiofrequency ablation for non-spinal osteoid osteomas in 557 patients".
763:
1261:
Rosenthal DI, Hornicek FJ, Torriani M, et al. (October 1, 2003). "Osteoid
Osteoma: Percutaneous Treatment with Radiofrequency Energy".
2241:"Review of cooled radiofrequency ablation utilization for the treatment of symptomatic advanced knee arthritis and total knee arthroplasty"
3537:
3213:
3118:
1019:"Long-term results of radiofrequency ablation treatment of stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective intention-to-treat study"
562:
a small segment of the nerve. The heat destroys that segment of the nerve, which is prevented from sending pain signals to the brain.
3666:
3418:
2396:
Ganz R, Utley D, Stern R, et al. (2004). "Complete
Ablation of Esophageal Epithelium Using a Balloon-based Bipolar Electrode".
411:. Currently, the VNUS ClosureRFS stylet is the only device specifically cleared by FDA for endovenous ablation of perforator veins.
652:
the tissue. Over the course of 3-6 months, the nodule will continue to shrink, typically achieving a 50-80% reduction total size.
2166:"Indications of the Neurotomy of Genicular Nerves by Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Literature Review"
2099:"Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Evidence and Future Directions"
2876:
675:
539:, is clinically preceded by confirming pain reduction upon anesthetizing the main knee sensory nerves in a test procedure called
292:
Radiofrequency energy is used in heart tissue or normal parts to destroy abnormal electrical pathways that are contributing to a
3425:
3232:
301:
3525:
3222:
442:
517:
is that nerves recover function over time, so the pain relief achieved lasts only temporarily (3–15 months) in most people.
502:. By generating heat around the nerve, the nerve is ablated, thus destroying its ability to transmit signals to the brain.
3547:
855:
456:. Unlike other electrosurgical devices, RFA allows very specific treatment targeting of the desired tissue with a precise
353:
313:
3048:
3681:
3671:
3532:
3520:
3401:
1823:"Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians"
625:
569:
499:
328:) before the responsible tissue is eliminated. Radiofrequency ablation technique can be used in AF, either to block the
305:
2282:
3647:
2869:
1796:
572:
had approved in 2017 a commercial device using cooled RFA, with effects lasting for up to a year of pain relief from
1062:
904:"Safety and Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Nodules-Expanding Treatment Options in the United States"
3676:
1498:
3172:
3479:
3369:
3123:
2913:
2018:
880:
211:
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732:
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2139:
702:
244:
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92:
57:
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1106:
Phase 3 Study of ThermoDox With
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
449:
430:
424:
325:
3600:
1368:
604:
550:
In the procedure for genicular RFA, a guide cannula is first directed under local anesthesia and imaging (
400:
317:
3631:
3435:
3356:
329:
2822:
Gurdezi S, White T, Ramesh P (2013). "Alcohol injection for Morton's neuroma: a five-year follow-up".
3605:
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324:. The practitioner first "maps" an area of the heart to locate the abnormal electrical activity (
309:
293:
1732:
2240:
1357:"Percutaneous Radiofrequency Coagulation of Osteoid Osteoma Compared with Operative Treatment*"
509:) around the medial branches prior to the RFA procedure to first confirm the diagnosis. If the
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is reviewed in that main article, including controversies and potential advantages in selected
358:
A new indication for the use of radiofrequency technology has made news in the last few years.
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1995:
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173:
64:
52:
1864:"Electrosurgery in aesthetic and restorative dentistry: A literature review and case reports"
1635:"A Controlled Trial of Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension (SYMPLICITY HTN-3 Trial)"
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2215:"FDA Green Lights Halyard Health's Coolief for the Management of Osteoarthritis Knee Pain"
707:
491:
461:
electrode, boiling within tissue that can leave "a gaping hole", tears, or even charring.
396:
337:
284:
255:
251:
180:
1494:"Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias"
808:"Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for Painful Knee Arthritis: The Why and the How"
17:
2642:
2617:
2373:
2346:
505:
The nerves to be ablated are identified through injections of local anesthesia (such as
41:
3489:
3474:
3270:
3247:
3078:
3062:
2997:
2727:
2702:
2549:
2524:
2190:
2165:
2069:
2044:
1990:
1955:
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1710:
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1433:
1143:
1118:
938:
903:
832:
807:
573:
479:
384:
371:
297:
267:
247:(HCC). Radiofrequency ablation is also used in pancreatic cancer and bile duct cancer.
207:
2409:
1610:
1593:
1511:
250:
RFA has become increasingly important in the care of benign bone tumors, most notably
3660:
3626:
3346:
2965:
1382:
649:
559:
404:
138:
2808:
2602:
2509:
2460:
1779:
1406:
1341:
1247:
1179:
975:
756:
Sabiston textbook of surgery : the biological basis of modern surgical practice
616:
treatment modality for thyroid nodules, and the procedure is increasingly applied.
3391:
2851:
1668:
581:
383:
Radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive procedure used in the treatment of
359:
263:
2540:
1035:
1018:
258:
in people who are not eligible or do not respond to traditional therapies ( i.e.
98:
3568:
3311:
3275:
2955:
2940:
2679:
640:- 2018: FDA approved the RFA procedure for treatment of benign thyroid nodules.
603:
Radiofrequency ablation has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for
555:
544:
526:
483:
434:
333:
188:
2718:
2363:
2256:
1762:
1745:
226:
3563:
3430:
3335:
3103:
2792:
1317:
1274:
1223:
1134:
659:
551:
239:). The suitability of RFA for a particular tumor depends on multiple factors.
236:
215:
199:
157:
2835:
1981:
1560:
1457:
1390:
1325:
1282:
1231:
1187:
1084:
Daily
Telegraph – June 2008 – Lung cancer radiation treatment offers new hope
929:
920:
823:
2586:
2331:
2045:"Genicular Nerve Ablation Review Using Cooled-Radiofrequency Nerve Ablation"
1880:
506:
475:
2843:
2800:
2736:
2687:
2651:
2594:
2558:
2501:
2452:
2444:
2417:
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2308:
2264:
2199:
2181:
2122:
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1999:
1940:
1899:
1848:
1771:
1719:
1660:
1619:
1578:
1529:
1475:
1333:
1290:
1239:
1152:
1044:
947:
841:
494:
are used to produce heat on specifically identified nerves surrounding the
2633:
2492:
2475:
2299:
1651:
1634:
1398:
1195:
2114:
453:
169:
146:
1972:
1700:
108:
2766:"Brentwood medical company obtains FDA approval for new medical device"
1449:
693:
where the outcome appears to be more reliable than alcohol injections.
591:
195:
202:) by an interventional pain specialist (such as an anesthesiologist),
156:(in the range of 350–500 kHz). RFA is generally conducted in the
3227:
487:
1434:"Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of painful osseous metastases"
332:
after implantation of a pacemaker or to block conduction within the
1746:"Radiofrequency ablation as first-line treatment of varicose veins"
1410:
758:(19th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. p. 236.
531:
Radiofrequency ablation of sensory nerves in the knee, also called
3576:
3406:
3237:
3082:
2897:
2164:
Ariel de Lima D, Gonçalves MC, Grando ST, et al. (May 2019).
1821:
Qaseem A, Holty, JE, Owens, DK, et al. (September 24, 2013).
577:
283:
225:
134:
1355:
Rosenthal DI, Hornicek FJ, Wolfe MW, et al. (June 1, 1998).
996:"'Cool' New Knee Procedure Eases Arthritis Pain Without Surgery"
415:
have shown a high success rate with low rates of complications.
2865:
2750:
2476:"Radiofrequency Ablation in Barrett's Esophagus with Dysplasia"
1117:
Hadjicostas P, Malakounides N, Varianos C, et al. (2006).
662:
thyroid nodules, although research into this topic is ongoing.
2703:"Radiofrequency Ablation of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas"
2525:"Durability of Ablation in Barrett's Esophagus with Dysplasia"
1862:
Bashetty K, Gururaj Nadig Sandhya Kapoor (November 19, 2009).
1432:
Dupuy DE, Liu D, Hartfeil D, et al. (February 15, 2010).
2345:
Kolakkanni C, Gonnade NM, Gaur R, et al. (August 2023).
2616:
Sinclair CF, Baek JH, Hands KE, et al. (October 2023).
2097:
Conger A, Gililland J, Anderson L, et al. (July 2021).
2523:
Shaheen NJ, Overholt BF, Sampliner RE, et al. (2011).
1095:
BBC News- 16 January 2009 – Liver tumours 'microwaved away'
902:
Hussain I, Zulfiqar F, Li X, et al. (August 1, 2021).
1956:"A History of the Development of Radiofrequency Neurotomy"
1801:
American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
1059:"NHS, June 2008 – Radiofrequency ablation for lung cancer"
230:
CT scan showing radiofrequency ablation of a liver lesion
658:
As of 2020, RFA is not recommended for the treatment of
2474:
Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF, et al. (2009).
1684:"Skin resurfacing procedures: new and emerging options"
1682:
Loesch MM, Somani AK, Kingsley MM, et al. (2014).
1633:
Bhatt DL, Kandzari KE, O'Neill WW, et al. (2014).
806:
Kidd VD, Strum SR, Strum DS, et al. (March 2019).
2768:. San Jose, CA: The Mercury News, Digital First Media.
2324:"How I Do It: Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation"
2043:
Tran A, Reiter DA, Cruz AR, et al. (April 2022).
1592:
Deisenhofer I, Zrenner B, Yin YH, et al. (2010).
425:
Obstructive sleep apnea § Radiofrequency ablation
1954:
Russo M, Santarelli D, Wright R, et al. (2021).
1017:
Ambrogi MC, Fanucchi O, Cioni R, et al. (2011).
3619:
3591:
3448:
3303:
3199:
2939:
2932:
2701:Rangel LG, Steck JH, Volpi EM, et al. (2022).
433:(OSA) in a pig model. RFA has been recognized as a
210:, a gastrointestinal or surgical endoscopist, or a
91:
63:
51:
34:
1797:"Submucosal Ablation of the Tongue Base for OSAS"
634:American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
1915:"Temperature Controlled Radiofrequency Ablation"
1744:Avery J, Kumar K, Thakur V, et al. (2014).
1487:
1485:
437:treatment option in selected situations by the
1119:"Radiofrequency ablation in pancreatic cancer"
994:Dunn, Lauren, Gussone, Felix (June 13, 2017).
129:, is a medical procedure in which part of the
2877:
2019:"Radiofrequency ablation for pain management"
1791:
1789:
881:"Radiofrequency Ablation for Pain Management"
735:. National Cancer Institute. February 2, 2011
733:"Fulguration: NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms"
375:with minimal side effects and complications.
8:
441:but was not endorsed for general use in the
2936:
2919:Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
2884:
2870:
2862:
2234:
2232:
2038:
2036:
40:
3015:Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
2726:
2641:
2548:
2491:
2372:
2362:
2298:
2281:Gupta A, Huettner DP, Dukewich M (2017).
2189:
2134:
2132:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2068:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1989:
1971:
1930:
1889:
1879:
1838:
1761:
1709:
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1609:
1568:
1549:Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review
1519:
1465:
1372:
1142:
1034:
937:
919:
831:
674:This process has also been used to treat
498:called the lumbar medial branches of the
131:electrical conduction system of the heart
3058:shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel
2276:
2274:
2159:
2157:
527:Nerve block § Genicular nerve block
3158:shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel
1840:10.7326/0003-4819-159-7-201310010-00704
1733:Endovenous ablation of perforator veins
801:
799:
797:
795:
724:
482:to treat chronic pain arising from the
875:
873:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
31:
3288:Valve-sparing aortic root replacement
3027:enlargement of existing septal defect
1543:Pearman CM, Poon SS, Gupta D (2017).
989:
987:
985:
689:RFA is also used in the treatment of
46:Tissue ablation using radiofrequency.
7:
3022:production of septal defect in heart
2049:Seminars in Interventional Radiology
976:"Radiofrequency ablation for cancer"
2322:Greco G, Torres J, Kohan L (2022).
964:. American Heart Association. 2017.
191:or do not want to undergo surgery.
104:
3119:transposition of the great vessels
3044:creation of septal defect in heart
2213:Jessup, Cynthia (April 21, 2017).
2142:. Cleveland Clinic. March 17, 2023
2021:. Cleveland Clinic. March 14, 2022
883:. Cleveland Clinic. March 14, 2022
812:JBJS Essential Surgical Techniques
686:show an average of 45% shrinkage.
439:American Academy of Otolaryngology
25:
3419:Cardiac resynchronization therapy
2764:King, Paula (December 10, 2012).
1868:Journal of Conservative Dentistry
1611:10.1161/circulationaha.110.970350
1512:10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608
500:dorsal ramus of the spinal nerves
3643:
3642:
2326:. ASRA Pain Medicine News, #47.
1383:10.2106/00004623-199806000-00005
908:Journal of the Endocrine Society
3426:Left atrial appendage occlusion
2480:New England Journal of Medicine
2170:Revista Brasileira De Ortopedia
1180:10.1148/radiology.183.1.1549690
595:3.2, and 1.8 mm, respectively.
450:RFA in obstructive sleep apnea
443:American College of Physicians
172:, it is called radiofrequency
149:using the heat generated from
1:
3548:Radionuclide ventriculography
2410:10.1016/s0016-5107(04)02220-5
2351:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
1688:Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol
754:Courtney M. Townsend (2012).
620:Timeline in the United States
354:Renal sympathetic denervation
348:Renal sympathetic denervation
314:Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
3533:Myocardial perfusion imaging
2541:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.061
2239:Tran A, Gonzalez FM (2023).
1919:Indian Pacing Electrophysiol
1036:10.1097/JTO.0b013e31822d538d
858:. Mayo Clinic. April 6, 2024
626:American Thyroid Association
570:Food and Drug Administration
448:The clinical application of
306:supraventricular tachycardia
2680:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.02.011
1827:Annals of Internal Medicine
1492:Soucek F, Starek Z (2018).
270:or analgesic medications).
212:cardiac electrophysiologist
168:. When it is delivered via
3698:
3140:for univentricular defect
2719:10.1016/j.aace.2022.02.005
2707:AACE Clinical Case Reports
2398:Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
2364:10.1186/s12891-023-06761-8
2257:10.1007/s00256-022-04058-w
1763:10.1177/000313481408000316
1499:Current Cardiology Reviews
962:"Ablation for Arrhythmias"
856:"Radiofrequency neurotomy"
524:
422:
351:
296:. It is used in recurrent
277:
204:interventional radiologist
3640:
3480:Implantable loop recorder
3124:Arterial switch operation
2914:Interventional cardiology
2904:
2793:10.1007/s00256-012-1527-x
2751:"Acessa Health Procedure"
1318:10.1007/s00330-011-2240-1
1275:10.1148/radiol.2291021053
1224:10.1007/s00256-015-2139-z
1135:10.1080/13651820500466673
598:
429:RFA was first studied in
105:
39:
18:Radio frequency lesioning
3667:Interventional radiology
3559:Coronary catheterization
3049:Blalock–Hanlon procedure
3010:Mitral valve replacement
2993:Aortic valve replacement
2836:10.1177/1071100713489555
1960:Journal of Pain Research
1913:Eick OJ (July 1, 2002).
824:10.2106/JBJS.ST.18.00016
703:Interventional radiology
336:, especially around the
316:(MAT) and some types of
245:hepatocellular carcinoma
160:setting, using either a
58:Interventional radiology
27:Interventional procedure
3555:Cardiac catheterization
3497:Electrophysiology study
3397:Radiofrequency ablation
3362:Alcohol septal ablation
2587:10.1136/gut.2010.229310
2332:10.52211/asra020122.006
2140:"Genicular nerve block"
1881:10.4103/0972-0707.58332
590:An anatomical study of
431:obstructive sleep apnea
419:Obstructive sleep apnea
326:electrophysiology study
256:metastatic bone disease
119:Radiofrequency ablation
35:Radiofrequency ablation
3601:Impedance cardiography
3223:Coronary artery bypass
2445:10.1055/s-0030-1255779
2182:10.1055/s-0039-1692121
2061:10.1055/s-0042-1745797
1561:10.15420/aer/2017.29.2
921:10.1210/jendso/bvab110
401:ambulatory phlebectomy
367:Aesthetics dermatology
318:ventricular arrhythmia
289:
266:, palliative surgery,
231:
3632:Transcutaneous pacing
3436:Heart transplantation
3357:Ventricular reduction
3173:Blalock–Taussig shunt
2634:10.1089/thy.2023.0281
2493:10.1056/NEJMoa0808145
2300:10.36076/ppj.2017.171
1652:10.1056/NEJMoa1402670
681:RFA is used to treat
541:genicular nerve block
330:atrioventricular node
287:
229:
3606:Ballistocardiography
3163:systemic circulation
2109:(Suppl 1): S20–S23.
1361:J Bone Joint Surg Am
998:. NBC News, New York
978:. Mayo Clinic. 2017.
492:Radiofrequency waves
393:small saphenous vein
389:great saphenous vein
214:, a subspecialty of
3682:Medical terminology
3672:Vascular procedures
3485:Cardiac stress test
3463:Electrocardiography
3402:Pacemaker insertion
3149:Kawashima procedure
3113:compound procedures
2988:Aortic valve repair
2961:Mitral valve repair
1973:10.2147/JPR.S334862
1701:10.2147/CCID.S50367
605:Barrett's esophagus
599:Barrett's esophagus
533:genicular neurotomy
478:, was developed by
458:line of demarcation
302:atrial fibrillation
166:twilight anesthesia
154:alternating current
141:or a dysfunctional
3538:Cardiovascular MRI
3468:Vectorcardiography
3323:Pericardial window
3318:Pericardiocentesis
3259:Drug-eluting stent
3088:Rastelli procedure
3037:Balloon septostomy
2668:Endocrine Practice
2245:Skeletal Radiology
2115:10.1093/pm/pnab129
1450:10.1002/cncr.24837
1413:on October 6, 2016
1306:European Radiology
1212:Skeletal Radiology
454:medical situations
409:foam sclerotherapy
310:atrial tachycardia
294:cardiac arrhythmia
290:
232:
185:general anesthesia
179:Two advantages of
3677:Surgical oncology
3654:
3653:
3511:Angiocardiography
3457:Electrophysiology
3444:
3443:
3387:Catheter ablation
3370:Conduction system
3295:LeCompte maneuver
3283:Bentall procedure
3144:Norwood procedure
3134:Senning procedure
3129:Mustard procedure
3032:Atrial septostomy
2983:Valve replacement
2628:(10): 1150–1170.
765:978-1-4377-1560-6
280:Catheter ablation
260:radiation therapy
208:otolaryngologists
174:catheter ablation
116:
115:
16:(Redirected from
3689:
3646:
3645:
3611:Cardiotocography
3579:
3543:Ventriculography
3516:Echocardiography
3507:
3459:
3375:Maze procedure (
3372:
3338:
3314:
3267:
3266:Obstacle removal
3254:Bare-metal stent
3250:
3210:
3167:pulmonary artery
3159:
3114:
3099:pulmonary artery
3072:Fontan procedure
3067:pulmonary artery
3059:
3023:
2937:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2730:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2552:
2529:Gastroenterology
2520:
2514:
2513:
2495:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2094:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2015:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1975:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1765:
1741:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1654:
1645:(15): 1393–401.
1630:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1489:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1409:. Archived from
1376:
1374:10.1.1.1018.5024
1352:
1346:
1345:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1114:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1061:. Archived from
1055:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
991:
980:
979:
972:
966:
965:
958:
952:
951:
941:
923:
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
877:
868:
867:
865:
863:
852:
846:
845:
835:
803:
770:
769:
751:
745:
744:
742:
740:
729:
713:Heart arrhythmia
691:Morton's neuroma
683:uterine fibroids
580:branches of the
511:local anesthesia
397:perforator veins
252:osteoid osteomas
162:local anesthetic
151:medium frequency
109:edit on Wikidata
101:
44:
32:
21:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3636:
3615:
3587:
3583:Phonocardiogram
3575:
3505:Cardiac imaging
3503:
3455:
3440:
3368:
3352:Septal myectomy
3342:Cardiomyoplasty
3334:
3328:Pericardiectomy
3310:
3299:
3265:
3246:
3206:
3200:Cardiac vessels
3195:
3189:Glenn procedure
3157:
3112:
3095:right ventricle
3057:
3021:
2943:
2928:
2924:Cardiac imaging
2909:Cardiac surgery
2900:
2890:
2860:
2859:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2781:Skeletal Radiol
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2486:(22): 2277–88.
2473:
2472:
2468:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2096:
2095:
2086:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2007:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1604:(22): 2239–45.
1591:
1590:
1586:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1065:on June 7, 2016
1057:
1056:
1052:
1029:(12): 2044–51.
1016:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
993:
992:
983:
974:
973:
969:
960:
959:
955:
901:
900:
896:
886:
884:
879:
878:
871:
861:
859:
854:
853:
849:
805:
804:
773:
766:
753:
752:
748:
738:
736:
731:
730:
726:
721:
708:Radio frequency
699:
668:
646:
622:
613:
611:Thyroid nodules
601:
529:
523:
472:
467:
465:Pain management
427:
421:
381:
369:
356:
350:
338:pulmonary veins
282:
276:
268:bisphosphonates
224:
181:radio frequency
125:), also called
112:
97:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3695:
3693:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3659:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3593:Function tests
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3490:Bruce protocol
3482:
3477:
3475:Holter monitor
3472:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3271:Endarterectomy
3268:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3248:Coronary stent
3243:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3216:
3211:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3079:left ventricle
3076:
3075:
3074:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2998:Ross procedure
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2896:involving the
2891:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2830:(8): 1064–67.
2824:Foot Ankle Int
2814:
2771:
2756:
2742:
2693:
2674:(4): 433–448.
2657:
2608:
2564:
2515:
2466:
2439:(10): 781–89.
2423:
2404:(6): 1002–10.
2388:
2337:
2314:
2293:(3): 155–171.
2287:Pain Physician
2270:
2251:(5): 941–949.
2228:
2205:
2176:(3): 233–240.
2153:
2128:
2084:
2055:(2): 130–137.
2032:
2005:
1946:
1905:
1854:
1813:
1785:
1736:
1725:
1674:
1625:
1584:
1555:(4): 202–209.
1535:
1506:(3): 185–191.
1481:
1424:
1347:
1296:
1253:
1201:
1158:
1109:
1098:
1087:
1076:
1050:
1023:J Thorac Oncol
1009:
981:
967:
953:
914:(8): bvab110.
894:
869:
847:
771:
764:
746:
723:
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
710:
705:
698:
695:
667:
664:
645:
642:
621:
618:
612:
609:
600:
597:
574:knee arthritis
522:
519:
486:in the lower (
480:Nikolai Bogduk
471:
468:
466:
463:
423:Main article:
420:
417:
385:varicose veins
380:
379:Varicose veins
377:
372:Radiofrequency
368:
365:
349:
346:
298:atrial flutter
275:
272:
223:
220:
139:sensory nerves
114:
113:
106:
103:
102:
95:
89:
88:
67:
61:
60:
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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3694:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3649:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Cardioversion
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
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3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
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3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3502:
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3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3458:
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3453:
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3447:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3420:
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3403:
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3398:
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3393:
3390:
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3374:
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3348:
3347:Dor procedure
3345:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3332:
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3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
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3308:
3306:
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3293:
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3289:
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3280:
3277:
3274:
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3264:
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3260:
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3249:
3245:
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3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:to the right
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
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3164:
3161:
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3110:
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3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3003:Transcatheter
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2966:Valvuloplasty
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2787:(1): 107–11.
2786:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:(2): 99–101.
2712:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2581:(6): 765–73.
2580:
2576:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2535:(2): 460–68.
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2146:September 18,
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:Pain Medicine
2100:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1966:: 3897–3907.
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1874:(4): 139–44.
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1833:(7): 471–83.
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1756:(3): 231–35.
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:(4): 989–97.
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1367:(6): 815–21.
1366:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:(1): 181–88.
1311:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1269:(1): 171–75.
1268:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:(7): 981–93.
1217:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1010:
997:
990:
988:
986:
982:
977:
971:
968:
963:
957:
954:
949:
945:
940:
935:
931:
927:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:
895:
882:
876:
874:
870:
857:
851:
848:
843:
839:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
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790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
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778:
776:
772:
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761:
757:
750:
747:
734:
728:
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718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
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701:
700:
696:
694:
692:
687:
684:
679:
677:
676:TRAP sequence
672:
665:
663:
661:
656:
653:
651:
643:
641:
638:
635:
630:
627:
619:
617:
610:
608:
606:
596:
593:
588:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
563:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
537:genicular RFA
534:
528:
520:
518:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
469:
464:
462:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
426:
418:
416:
412:
410:
406:
405:sclerotherapy
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
376:
373:
366:
364:
361:
355:
347:
345:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
286:
281:
273:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
240:
238:
228:
221:
219:
217:
216:cardiologists
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
110:
100:
96:
94:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
66:
62:
59:
56:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3415:implantation
3409:implantation
3396:
3392:Cryoablation
3233:Off-pump CAB
3043:
3026:
2951:Valve repair
2941:Heart valves
2827:
2823:
2817:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2759:
2745:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2317:
2290:
2286:
2248:
2244:
2219:. Retrieved
2208:
2173:
2169:
2144:. Retrieved
2106:
2102:
2052:
2048:
2025:September 6,
2023:. Retrieved
1963:
1959:
1949:
1925:(3): 66–73.
1922:
1918:
1908:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1800:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1728:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1642:
1639:N Engl J Med
1638:
1628:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1503:
1497:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1411:the original
1364:
1360:
1350:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1174:(1): 29–33.
1171:
1167:
1161:
1129:(1): 61–64.
1126:
1122:
1112:
1101:
1090:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1063:the original
1053:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
970:
956:
911:
907:
897:
887:September 5,
885:. Retrieved
862:September 5,
860:. Retrieved
850:
815:
811:
755:
749:
737:. Retrieved
727:
688:
680:
673:
669:
657:
654:
647:
639:
632:- 2022: the
631:
624:- 2023: the
623:
614:
602:
589:
586:
582:tibial nerve
567:
564:
549:
540:
536:
532:
530:
515:
504:
496:facet joints
484:facet joints
473:
447:
445:guidelines.
428:
413:
382:
370:
360:Hypertension
357:
342:
321:
291:
264:chemotherapy
249:
241:
233:
193:
178:
126:
122:
118:
117:
29:
3569:Cardiac PET
3312:Pericardium
3276:Atherectomy
3214:Angioplasty
2956:Valvulotomy
1806:October 29,
1598:Circulation
650:cauterizess
556:fluoroscopy
545:bupivacaine
435:somnoplasty
334:left atrium
189:comorbities
127:fulguration
3661:Categories
3564:Cardiac CT
3431:Cardiotomy
3336:Myocardium
3104:Sano shunt
2894:procedures
2892:Tests and
2357:(1): 654.
2217:. FDA News
1694:: 231–41.
818:(1): e10.
719:References
666:Other uses
552:ultrasound
525:See also:
395:, and the
352:See also:
278:See also:
274:Cardiology
237:metastases
200:ultrasound
158:outpatient
2944:and septa
2433:Endoscopy
1982:1178-7090
1458:1097-0142
1417:August 7,
1391:0021-9355
1369:CiteSeerX
1326:0938-7994
1283:0033-8419
1263:Radiology
1232:0364-2348
1188:0033-8419
1168:Radiology
930:2472-1972
660:malignant
644:Procedure
578:articular
560:cauterize
507:lidocaine
476:rhizotomy
53:Specialty
3648:Category
3381:minimaze
3377:Cox maze
2844:23669161
2809:25166343
2801:23073898
2737:35415224
2688:35396078
2652:37642289
2643:10611977
2603:53530205
2595:21209124
2559:21679712
2510:22864452
2502:19474425
2461:24224546
2453:20857372
2418:15605025
2383:37587439
2374:10429091
2309:28339430
2265:35462577
2221:June 13,
2200:31363275
2123:34308957
2079:35781999
2000:34992451
1941:17006561
1900:20543922
1849:24061345
1780:23552772
1772:24666862
1720:25210469
1661:24678939
1620:21098435
1579:29326836
1530:29792146
1476:20041484
1407:10709128
1342:21047698
1334:21842430
1291:12944597
1248:21496405
1240:25910709
1153:18333241
1045:22052222
1002:June 13,
948:34258495
842:31333900
697:See also
490:) back.
474:RFA, or
170:catheter
65:ICD-9-CM
2933:Surgery
2852:7317044
2728:8984508
2622:Thyroid
2550:3152658
2191:6597460
2070:9246497
1991:8714970
1932:1564057
1891:2879725
1750:Am Surg
1711:4155739
1669:3653990
1570:5739900
1521:6131405
1467:2819592
1399:9655099
1196:1549690
1144:2131369
1069:May 29,
939:8271212
833:6635137
739:May 10,
592:cadaver
568:The US
322:ablator
308:(SVT),
300:(Afl),
196:CT scan
147:ablated
99:D017115
3620:Pacing
3228:MIDCAB
3219:Bypass
3169:shunt
3063:atrium
2976:mitral
2971:aortic
2850:
2842:
2807:
2799:
2735:
2725:
2686:
2650:
2640:
2601:
2593:
2557:
2547:
2508:
2500:
2459:
2451:
2416:
2381:
2371:
2307:
2263:
2198:
2188:
2121:
2077:
2067:
1998:
1988:
1980:
1939:
1929:
1898:
1888:
1847:
1778:
1770:
1718:
1708:
1667:
1659:
1618:
1577:
1567:
1528:
1518:
1474:
1464:
1456:
1438:Cancer
1405:
1397:
1389:
1371:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1289:
1281:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1194:
1186:
1151:
1141:
1043:
946:
936:
928:
840:
830:
762:
488:lumbar
391:, the
304:(AF),
222:Tumors
143:tissue
3577:sound
3449:Tests
3407:S-ICD
3304:Other
3238:TECAB
3083:aorta
2898:heart
2848:S2CID
2805:S2CID
2599:S2CID
2506:S2CID
2457:S2CID
1921:. 3.
1776:S2CID
1665:S2CID
1403:S2CID
1338:S2CID
1244:S2CID
521:Knees
407:, or
135:tumor
107:[
86:60.97
82:37.34
78:37.33
70:01.32
3379:and
3117:for
2840:PMID
2797:PMID
2733:PMID
2684:PMID
2648:PMID
2591:PMID
2555:PMID
2498:PMID
2449:PMID
2414:PMID
2379:PMID
2305:PMID
2261:PMID
2223:2017
2196:PMID
2148:2024
2119:PMID
2075:PMID
2027:2024
1996:PMID
1978:ISSN
1937:PMID
1896:PMID
1845:PMID
1808:2013
1768:PMID
1716:PMID
1657:PMID
1616:PMID
1575:PMID
1526:PMID
1472:PMID
1454:ISSN
1419:2016
1395:PMID
1387:ISSN
1330:PMID
1322:ISSN
1287:PMID
1279:ISSN
1236:PMID
1228:ISSN
1192:PMID
1184:ISSN
1149:PMID
1071:2010
1041:PMID
1004:2017
944:PMID
926:ISSN
889:2024
864:2024
838:PMID
760:ISBN
741:2018
470:Back
93:MeSH
74:04.2
3526:TEE
3521:TTE
3413:ICD
3208:CHD
3180:SVC
3165:to
3097:to
3081:to
3065:to
2832:doi
2789:doi
2723:PMC
2715:doi
2676:doi
2638:PMC
2630:doi
2583:doi
2575:Gut
2545:PMC
2537:doi
2533:141
2488:doi
2484:360
2441:doi
2406:doi
2369:PMC
2359:doi
2328:doi
2295:doi
2253:doi
2186:PMC
2178:doi
2111:doi
2065:PMC
2057:doi
1986:PMC
1968:doi
1927:PMC
1886:PMC
1876:doi
1835:doi
1831:159
1758:doi
1706:PMC
1696:doi
1647:doi
1643:370
1606:doi
1602:122
1565:PMC
1557:doi
1516:PMC
1508:doi
1462:PMC
1446:doi
1442:116
1379:doi
1314:doi
1271:doi
1267:229
1220:doi
1176:doi
1172:183
1139:PMC
1131:doi
1123:HPB
1031:doi
934:PMC
916:doi
828:PMC
820:doi
554:or
535:or
198:or
164:or
145:is
123:RFA
3663::
3184:PA
2846:.
2838:.
2828:34
2826:.
2803:.
2795:.
2785:42
2783:.
2731:.
2721:.
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2303:.
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2289:.
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2073:.
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1984:.
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1964:14
1962:.
1958:.
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