546:. In a stress MUGA, patients with coronary artery disease may exhibit a decrease in ejection fraction. For a patient that has had a heart attack, or is suspected of having another disease that affects the heart muscle, this scan can help pinpoint the position in the heart that has sustained damage as well as assess the degree of damage. MUGA scans are also used to evaluate heart function prior to and while receiving certain chemotherapies (e.g. doxorubicin (Adriamycin)) or immunotherapy (specifically,
4026:
2702:
227:
55:
342:
Its primary use today is in monitoring cardiac function in patients receiving certain chemotherapeutic agents (anthracyclines: doxorubicin or daunorubicin) which are cardiotoxic. The chemotherapy dose is often determined by the patient's cardiac function. In this setting, a much more accurate measurement of ejection fraction, than a transthoracic echocardiogram can provide, is necessary.
763:
where the EDV (end-diastolic volume) is the volume of blood within the ventricle immediately before a contraction and the ESV (end-systolic volume) is the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle at the end of a contraction. The ejection fraction is hence the fraction of the end-diastolic volume
487:
can be used to calculate ventricle volumes. This nuclear medicine scan yields an accurate, inexpensive and easily reproducible means of measuring and monitoring the ejection and injection fractions of the ventricles, which are one of many of the important clinical metrics in assessing global heart
341:
Radionuclide ventriculography gives a much more precise measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Transthoracic echocardiogram is highly operator dependant, therefore radionuclide ventriculography is a more reproducible measurement of LVEF.
459:
Depending on the objectives of the test, the doctor may decide to perform either a resting or a stress MUGA. During the resting MUGA, the patient lies stationary, whereas during a stress MUGA, the patient is asked to exercise during the scan. The stress MUGA measures the heart performance during
429:
technique is more convenient for the majority of patients since it is less time-consuming and less costly and more than 80 percent of the injected radionuclide usually binds to red blood cells with this approach. Red blood cell binding of the radioactive tracer is generally more efficient than
234:
The MUGA scan was first introduced in the early 1970s and quickly became accepted as the preferred technique for measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with a high degree of accuracy. Several early studies demonstrated an excellent correlation of MUGA-derived LVEF with values
860:
217:
is its accuracy. An echocardiogram measures the shortening fraction of the ventricle and is limited by the user's ability. Furthermore, an angiogram is invasive and, often, more expensive. A MUGA scan provides a more accurate representation of cardiac ejection fraction.
771:
scanners employ the
Massardo method in their MUGA scans. Other methods for estimating ventricular volume exist, but the Massardo method is sufficiently accurate and simple to perform, avoiding the need for blood samples, attenuation corrections or decay corrections.
571:
scanner. The pixel values in such an image represent the number of counts (nuclear decays) detected from within that region in a given time interval. The
Massardo method enables a 3D volume to be estimated from such a 2D image of decay counts via:
668:
is the ratio of total counts within the ventricle to the number of counts within the brightest (hottest) pixel. The
Massardo method relies on two assumptions: (i) the ventricle is spherical and (ii) the radioactivity is homogeneously distributed.
500:
studies. However, the radioactive material is retained in the patient for several days after the test, during which sophisticated radiation alarms may be triggered, such as in airports. Radionuclide ventriculography has largely been replaced by
1831:
Levy, Wayne C.; Cerqueira, Manuel D.; Matsuoka, Dale T.; Harp, George D.; Sheehan, Florence H.; Stratton, John R. (1992). "Four
Radionuclide Methods for Left Ventricular Volume Determination: Comparison of a Manual and an Automated Technique".
1547:
558:
The
Massardo method is one of a number of approaches for estimating the volume of the ventricles and thus ultimately the ejection fraction. Recall that a MUGA scan is a nuclear imaging method involving the injection of a radioactive isotope
526:). Abnormalities in cardiac function may be manifested as a decrease in LVEF and/or the presence of abnormalities in global and regional wall motion. For normal subjects, peak filling rates should be between 2.4 and 3.6
1859:
Gal, Rami A.; Grenier, Raymond P.; Port, Steven C.; Dymond, Duncan S.; Schmidt, Donald H. (1992). "Left
Ventricular Volume Calculation Using a Count-Based Ration Method Applied too First-Pass Radionuclide Angiography".
758:
1803:
Massardo, Teresa; Gal, Rami A.; Grenier, Raymond P.; Schmidt, Donald H.; Port, Steven C. (1990). "Left
Ventricular Volume Calculation Using a Count-Based Ratio Method Applied to Multigated Radionuclide Angiography".
865:
Assuming that the activity is homogeneously distributed, the total count is proportional to the volume. The maximum pixel count is thus proportional to the length of the longest axis perpendicular to the collimator,
1358:
452:(Tc). As the gamma camera images are acquired, the patient's heart beat is used to 'gate' the acquisition. The final result is a series of images of the heart (usually sixteen), one at each stage of the
1444:
1202:
805:
1141:
is the same constant of proportionality since we are assuming a homogeneous distribution of activity. The
Massardo method now makes the simplification that the ventricle is spherical in shape, giving
1593:
Folland, ED; Hamilton GW; Larson SM; Kennedy JW; Williams DL; Ritchie JL (1977). "The radionuclide ejection fraction: a comparison of three radionuclide techniques with contrast angiography".
434:
labeling, and it is preferred in patients with indwelling intravenous catheters to decrease the adherence of Tc-99m to the catheter wall and increase the efficiency of blood pool labeling.
623:
1637:
973:
1454:
1092:
1252:
1119:
1049:
918:
891:
701:
1022:
291:
3700:
3384:
2736:
1381:
1272:
1225:
1139:
996:
798:
666:
646:
542:, or blood shunting within the heart. Abnormalities in a resting MUGA usually indicate a heart attack, while those that occur during exercise usually indicate
3514:
1941:
1887:
Sobic-Saranovic, D; et al. (2005). "Methods for the quantification of left ventricular volumes assessed by radionuclide ventriculography (first part)".
3526:
3854:
2650:
1976:
768:
568:
518:
In normal subjects, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) should be about 50%(range, 50-80%). There should be no area of abnormal wall motion (
3126:
2072:
422:
method. In both cases, the stannous chloride reduces the technetium ion and prevents it from leaking out of the red blood cells during the procedure.
3962:
3492:
708:
70:
2470:
2060:
358:(Tc-99m), and measuring radioactivity over the anterior chest as the radioactive blood flows through the large vessels and the heart chambers.
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1712:
1279:
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2729:
2476:
1769:
400:
855:{\displaystyle r={\frac {\text{Total counts within the chamber}}{\text{Total counts in the hottest pixel}}}={\frac {N_{t}}{N_{m}}}}
3333:
3328:
3211:
1934:
1785:
1388:
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3413:
3396:
2992:
2483:
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3621:
3521:
3504:
3017:
2583:
2280:
1638:"Procedure Guideline for Planar Radionuclide Cardiac Ventriculogram for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function"
3900:
3754:
3353:
3228:
3220:
3119:
2605:
2106:
4011:
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2722:
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2578:
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295:
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1927:
475:
derived blood pools in the chambers of the heart and timed images may be computationally interpreted to calculate the
3749:
3484:
3224:
2230:
3990:
3658:
3648:
2767:
2537:
2427:
2181:
1971:
577:
460:
exercise and is usually performed to assess the impact of a suspected coronary artery disease. In some cases, a
4060:
4029:
3980:
3638:
3611:
3372:
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2758:
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2600:
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1913:
252:
77:
31:
1729:
185:
type of image of the beating heart, and allows the interpreter to determine the efficiency of the individual
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3690:
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3401:
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2612:
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2419:
2265:
538:
An uneven distribution of technetium in the heart indicates that the patient has coronary artery disease, a
268:
244:
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248:
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39:
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2997:
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2220:
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2028:
1667:"Society of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guideline for Gated Equilibrium Radionuclide Ventriculography"
1542:{\displaystyle V_{t}={\sqrt {\frac {6}{\pi }}}M^{3}r^{\frac {3}{2}}\approx 1.38M^{3}r^{\frac {3}{2}}}
527:
35:
1909:
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3830:
3653:
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2018:
418:) are injected into the drawn blood. The technetium is subsequently added to the mixture as in the
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2008:
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The MUGA scan is performed by labeling the patient's red blood pool with a radioactive tracer,
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1951:
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377:) ions are injected into the patient's bloodstream. A subsequent intravenous injection of the
206:
154:(multigated acquisition) involves an acquisition triggered (gated) at different points of the
131:
65:
17:
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as the ratio of counts within the chamber of the heart to the counts in the hottest pixel:
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2276:
2246:
2152:
1981:
1966:
1001:
1627:
Last full review/revision May 2009 by
Michael J. Shea, MD. Content last modified May 2009
205:) is well served by both of these methods as well as other inexpensive models supporting
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method, some of the patient's blood is drawn and the stannous ions (in the form of
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83:
54:
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3450:
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2369:
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2013:
1998:
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564:
530:(EDV) per second, and the time to peak filling rate should be 135-212 ms.
497:
465:
378:
320:
312:
279:
186:
182:
1737:
Continuing
Education for Nuclear Pharmacists and Nuclear Medicine Professionals
3531:
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382:
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100:
96:
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396:
328:
214:
1695:
Saha, Gopal B. (2010). "Characteristics of Specific Radiopharmaceuticals".
1873:
1845:
1817:
1449:
From this, the volume of the ventricle in terms of counts alone is simply
753:{\displaystyle E_{f}(\%)={\frac {\text{EDV - ESV}}{\text{EDV}}}\times 100}
3881:
2802:
1606:
543:
369:
193:. MUGA/Cine scanning represents a robust adjunct to the now more common
109:
3910:
3313:
404:
391:
363:
91:
3905:
2852:
2285:
275:
30:"MUGA" redirects here. For the professional wrestling promotion, see
1353:{\displaystyle r={\frac {N_{t}}{N_{m}}}={\frac {\pi D^{2}}{6M^{2}}}}
505:, which is less expensive, and does not require radiation exposure.
298:
surgery, or medical therapy, to assess the efficacy of the treatment
2714:
3932:
3143:
3104:
2634:
2464:
2295:
2140:
1955:
225:
135:
361:
The introduction of the radioactive marker can either take place
2856:
3108:
2718:
1923:
235:
obtained by cardiac catheterization contrast ventriculography.
442:
374:
213:. The advantage of a MUGA scan over an echocardiogram or an
1439:{\displaystyle D^{2}=\left({\frac {6}{\pi }}\right)M^{2}r}
1197:{\displaystyle N_{t}=K\left({\frac {\pi }{6}}\right)D^{3}}
1363:
finally giving the diameter of the ventricle in terms of
496:
It exposes patients to less radiation than do comparable
1227:
is the diameter of the sphere and is thus equivalent to
998:
is some constant of proportionality with units counts/cm
263:. MUGA is typically ordered for the following patients:
1761:
Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT: Technology and Techniques
1699:(6th ed.). New York: Springer. pp. 115–152.
1730:"Radiolabeled Red Blood Cells: Method and Mechanisms"
1457:
1391:
1369:
1282:
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1233:
1213:
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1057:
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899:
872:
808:
786:
711:
682:
654:
634:
580:
1758:
Waterstram-Rich, Kristen M.; Gilmore, David (2016).
138:, thus allowing informed diagnostic intervention in
27:
Nuclear medicine imaging the ventricles of the heart
3999:
3971:
3927:
3876:
3853:
3843:
3808:
3725:
3716:
3567:
3483:
3443:
3362:
3321:
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3156:
3142:
3076:
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3028:
2983:
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2257:
1997:
1990:
90:
76:
64:
47:
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1219:
1196:
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1113:
1086:
1043:
1016:
990:
967:
912:
885:
854:
792:
752:
695:
660:
640:
617:
243:Radionuclide ventriculography is done to evaluate
1739:. University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center
178:(synchronized multigated acquisition scanning).
550:) that have a known effect on heart function.
464:MUGA may be performed, where nitroglycerin (a
292:percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
271:, to diagnose the disease and predict outcomes
3120:
2730:
1935:
1566:Gillam, Linda D.; Otto, Catherine M. (2011).
893:, times the cross-sectional area of a pixel,
395:. With an administered activity of about 800
8:
1254:above. This allows us to express the ratio
618:{\displaystyle V=1.38M^{3}r^{\frac {3}{2}}}
3850:
3732:
3722:
3318:
3162:
3153:
3127:
3113:
3105:
2980:
2763:
2737:
2723:
2715:
1994:
1977:Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
1942:
1928:
1920:
160:equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography
53:
2073:Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
1912:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1764:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 512.
1572:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 224.
1528:
1518:
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1471:
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1409:
1396:
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1259:
1238:
1232:
1212:
1188:
1170:
1154:
1148:
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1099:
1078:
1062:
1056:
1035:
1029:
1008:
1003:
983:
959:
949:
933:
927:
904:
898:
877:
871:
844:
834:
828:
815:
807:
785:
734:
716:
710:
687:
681:
653:
633:
604:
594:
579:
181:This mode of imaging uniquely provides a
126:which specialises in imaging to show the
3963:Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
2116:shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel
209:as a product of the heart/myocardium in
2216:shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel
1625:Merck manuals > Radionuclide Imaging
1620:
1618:
1616:
1569:Advanced Approaches in Echocardiography
1558:
197:. Mathematics regarding acquisition of
44:
2346:Valve-sparing aortic root replacement
2085:enlargement of existing septal defect
468:) is administered prior to the scan.
34:. For the fenced area for games, see
7:
2080:production of septal defect in heart
484:
2935:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
1121:is the volume of the ventricle and
471:The resulting images show that the
373:. In the in vivo method, stannous (
105:
3770:Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
2930:Isolated organ perfusion technique
2177:transposition of the great vessels
2102:creation of septal defect in heart
725:
441:, which detects the low-level 140
25:
2477:Cardiac resynchronization therapy
968:{\displaystyle N_{m}=KM^{2}D_{m}}
821:Total counts in the hottest pixel
146:, injected into a patient, and a
4025:
4024:
2701:
2700:
1697:Fundamentals of nuclear pharmacy
764:that is ejected with each beat.
3527:Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
2993:Digital subtraction angiography
2484:Left atrial appendage occlusion
818:Total counts within the chamber
567:2D images of the heart using a
158:. MUGA scanning is also called
3775:Radioactive iodine uptake test
3018:Magnetic resonance angiography
728:
722:
437:The patient is placed under a
1:
3755:Radionuclide ventriculography
3229:Lower gastrointestinal series
3221:Upper gastrointestinal series
3089:Ankle–brachial pressure index
2606:Radionuclide ventriculography
448:radiation being given off by
389:, labels the red blood cells
164:radionuclide ventriculography
18:Radionuclide ventriculography
3946:Optical coherence tomography
3868:Myocardial perfusion imaging
3456:Dental panoramic radiography
2899:Endovascular aneurysm repair
2591:Myocardial perfusion imaging
1087:{\displaystyle N_{t}=KV_{t}}
296:coronary artery bypass graft
1862:Journal of Nuclear Medicine
1834:Journal of Nuclear Medicine
1806:Journal of Nuclear Medicine
1705:10.1007/978-1-4419-5860-0_7
648:is the pixel dimension and
4077:
4051:2D nuclear medical imaging
3750:Ventilation/perfusion scan
3225:Small-bowel follow-through
2198:for univentricular defect
703:, can then be calculated:
29:
4056:Cardiovascular physiology
4020:
3991:Dynamic angiothermography
3735:
3659:Abdominal ultrasonography
3165:
2698:
2538:Implantable loop recorder
2182:Arterial switch operation
1972:Interventional cardiology
1962:
253:congenital heart diseases
106:
52:
3981:Non-contact thermography
3760:Radionuclide angiography
3612:Doppler echocardiography
3059:Intravascular ultrasound
3013:Radionuclide angiography
2617:Coronary catheterization
2107:Blalock–Hanlon procedure
2068:Mitral valve replacement
2051:Aortic valve replacement
1914:Medical Subject Headings
1910:Radionuclide+Angiography
401:effective radiation dose
286:congestive heart failure
267:With known or suspected
172:gated blood pool imaging
120:Radionuclide angiography
84:D015635 D011875; D015635
48:Radionuclide angiography
32:MUGA World Pro Wrestling
3765:Radioisotope renography
3064:Carotid ultrasonography
3008:Fluorescein angiography
2613:Cardiac catheterization
2555:Electrophysiology study
2455:Radiofrequency ablation
2420:Alcohol septal ablation
1889:Glas SRP Akad Nauka Med
315:drug agents such as in
269:coronary artery disease
245:coronary artery disease
142:. It involves use of a
3800:Gastric emptying study
3043:Impedance phlebography
2920:Cardiopulmonary bypass
2828:Ambulatory phlebectomy
2796:Carotid endarterectomy
2659:Impedance cardiography
2281:Coronary artery bypass
1728:Callahan, R J (2006).
1543:
1440:
1383:, i.e. counts, alone:
1377:
1354:
1268:
1248:
1221:
1198:
1135:
1115:
1088:
1045:
1018:
992:
969:
914:
887:
856:
794:
754:
697:
662:
642:
619:
249:valvular heart disease
231:
130:of the right and left
38:. For other uses, see
3461:X-ray motion analysis
3344:X-ray microtomography
3263:Hysterosalpingography
3170:Pneumoencephalography
2690:Transcutaneous pacing
2494:Heart transplantation
2415:Ventricular reduction
2231:Blalock–Taussig shunt
1544:
1441:
1378:
1355:
1269:
1249:
1247:{\displaystyle D_{m}}
1222:
1199:
1136:
1116:
1114:{\displaystyle V_{t}}
1089:
1046:
1044:{\displaystyle N_{t}}
1019:
993:
970:
920:. We can thus write:
915:
913:{\displaystyle M^{2}}
888:
886:{\displaystyle D_{m}}
857:
795:
755:
698:
696:{\displaystyle E_{f}}
663:
643:
620:
229:
40:Muga (disambiguation)
3986:Contact thermography
3696:Emergency ultrasound
3634:Transcranial Doppler
3385:Abdominal and pelvis
2998:Cerebral angiography
2759:Endovascular surgery
2664:Ballistocardiography
2221:systemic circulation
1455:
1389:
1367:
1280:
1258:
1231:
1211:
1147:
1125:
1098:
1055:
1028:
1024:. The total counts,
1017:{\displaystyle ^{3}}
1002:
982:
926:
897:
870:
806:
784:
709:
680:
652:
632:
578:
528:end diastolic volume
36:Multi-Use Games Area
3953:Confocal microscopy
3831:Indium-111 WBC scan
3654:Echoencephalography
3390:Virtual colonoscopy
2957:Seldinger technique
2952:First rib resection
2904:Open aortic surgery
2543:Cardiac stress test
2521:Electrocardiography
2460:Pacemaker insertion
2207:Kawashima procedure
2171:compound procedures
2046:Aortic valve repair
2019:Mitral valve repair
767:The Siemens Intevo
311:Who are undergoing
290:Who have undergone
150:for acquisition. A
144:radiopharmaceutical
3941:Optical tomography
3790:Dacryoscintigraphy
3785:Immunoscintigraphy
3424:Whole body imaging
3175:Dental radiography
2596:Cardiovascular MRI
2526:Vectorcardiography
2381:Pericardial window
2376:Pericardiocentesis
2317:Drug-eluting stent
2146:Rastelli procedure
2095:Balloon septostomy
1539:
1436:
1373:
1350:
1264:
1244:
1217:
1194:
1131:
1111:
1084:
1041:
1014:
988:
965:
910:
883:
852:
790:
750:
693:
658:
638:
615:
492:Radiation exposure
483:of the heart. The
481:injection fraction
336:cardiac transplant
307:open-heart surgery
232:
4038:
4037:
4000:Target conditions
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3839:
3838:
3780:Bone scintigraphy
3745:Scintimammography
3740:Cholescintigraphy
3585:contrast-enhanced
3479:
3478:
3439:
3438:
3429:Full-body CT scan
3329:General operation
3308:
3307:
3278:Angiocardiography
3102:
3101:
3072:
3071:
2970:
2969:
2947:Revascularization
2712:
2711:
2569:Angiocardiography
2515:Electrophysiology
2502:
2501:
2445:Catheter ablation
2428:Conduction system
2353:LeCompte maneuver
2341:Bentall procedure
2202:Norwood procedure
2192:Senning procedure
2187:Mustard procedure
2090:Atrial septostomy
2041:Valve replacement
1868:(12): 2124–2132.
1714:978-1-4419-5859-4
1536:
1505:
1481:
1480:
1417:
1376:{\displaystyle r}
1348:
1311:
1267:{\displaystyle r}
1220:{\displaystyle D}
1178:
1134:{\displaystyle K}
1051:, can be written
991:{\displaystyle K}
850:
823:
822:
819:
793:{\displaystyle r}
780:Define the ratio
742:
741:
738:
674:ejection fraction
661:{\displaystyle r}
641:{\displaystyle M}
612:
477:ejection fraction
416:stannous chloride
261:cardiac disorders
207:ejection fraction
117:
116:
92:OPS-301 code
59:Normail MUGA scan
16:(Redirected from
4068:
4028:
4027:
3851:
3733:
3723:
3607:Echocardiography
3466:Hounsfield scale
3319:
3238:Cholecystography
3163:
3154:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3106:
3077:Other diagnostic
2981:
2808:Carotid stenting
2768:Arterial disease
2764:
2746:Vascular surgery
2739:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2704:
2703:
2669:Cardiotocography
2637:
2601:Ventriculography
2574:Echocardiography
2565:
2517:
2433:Maze procedure (
2430:
2396:
2372:
2325:
2324:Obstacle removal
2312:Bare-metal stent
2308:
2268:
2225:pulmonary artery
2217:
2172:
2157:pulmonary artery
2130:Fontan procedure
2125:pulmonary artery
2117:
2081:
1995:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1897:
1896:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1792:. 7 August 2012.
1782:
1776:
1775:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1734:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1642:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1563:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1290:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1067:
1066:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1012:
997:
995:
994:
989:
974:
972:
971:
966:
964:
963:
954:
953:
938:
937:
919:
917:
916:
911:
909:
908:
892:
890:
889:
884:
882:
881:
861:
859:
858:
853:
851:
849:
848:
839:
838:
829:
824:
820:
817:
816:
799:
797:
796:
791:
759:
757:
756:
751:
743:
739:
736:
735:
721:
720:
702:
700:
699:
694:
692:
691:
667:
665:
664:
659:
647:
645:
644:
639:
624:
622:
621:
616:
614:
613:
605:
599:
598:
563:) that acquires
534:Abnormal results
503:echocardiography
230:Normal MUGA scan
124:nuclear medicine
110:edit on Wikidata
86:
57:
45:
21:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4061:Cardiac imaging
4041:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4016:
3995:
3967:
3915:
3901:PET mammography
3872:
3835:
3821:Gallium-67 scan
3816:Octreotide scan
3804:
3712:
3563:
3475:
3435:
3358:
3339:High-resolution
3304:
3268:Skeletal survey
3234:Cholangiography
3147:
3138:
3136:Medical imaging
3133:
3103:
3098:
3068:
3047:
3024:
2976:Medical imaging
2966:
2942:Vascular access
2908:
2886:Aortic aneurysm
2880:
2847:
2814:
2776:Vascular bypass
2757:
2748:
2743:
2713:
2708:
2694:
2673:
2645:
2641:Phonocardiogram
2633:
2563:Cardiac imaging
2561:
2513:
2498:
2426:
2410:Septal myectomy
2400:Cardiomyoplasty
2392:
2386:Pericardiectomy
2368:
2357:
2323:
2304:
2264:
2258:Cardiac vessels
2253:
2247:Glenn procedure
2215:
2170:
2153:right ventricle
2115:
2079:
2001:
1986:
1982:Cardiac imaging
1967:Cardiac surgery
1958:
1948:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1614:
1601:(12): 1159–66.
1592:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1524:
1514:
1493:
1483:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1423:
1405:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1365:
1364:
1337:
1333:
1322:
1318:
1301:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1256:
1255:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1209:
1208:
1184:
1166:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1123:
1122:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1074:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1005:
1000:
999:
980:
979:
955:
945:
929:
924:
923:
900:
895:
894:
873:
868:
867:
840:
830:
804:
803:
782:
781:
778:
712:
707:
706:
683:
678:
677:
650:
649:
630:
629:
600:
590:
576:
575:
556:
554:Massardo method
536:
516:
511:
494:
485:Massardo method
348:
334:Who have had a
241:
224:
113:
82:
60:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4074:
4072:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3958:Endomicroscopy
3955:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3937:
3935:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3848:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3573:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3231:
3218:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2962:Vascular snare
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2866:Venous cutdown
2862:
2860:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2843:Vein stripping
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2820:Venous disease
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2791:Endarterectomy
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2761:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2651:Function tests
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2571:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2548:Bruce protocol
2540:
2535:
2533:Holter monitor
2530:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2329:Endarterectomy
2326:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2306:Coronary stent
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2137:left ventricle
2134:
2133:
2132:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2056:Ross procedure
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1954:involving the
1949:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1905:
1904:External links
1902:
1899:
1898:
1879:
1851:
1840:(5): 763–770.
1823:
1812:(4): 450–456.
1795:
1777:
1770:
1750:
1720:
1713:
1687:
1676:. 15 June 2002
1658:
1629:
1612:
1585:
1579:978-1437726978
1578:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1372:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1263:
1241:
1237:
1216:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1130:
1108:
1104:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1038:
1034:
1011:
1007:
987:
962:
958:
952:
948:
944:
941:
936:
932:
907:
903:
880:
876:
847:
843:
837:
833:
827:
814:
811:
789:
777:
774:
749:
746:
733:
730:
727:
724:
719:
715:
690:
686:
657:
637:
611:
608:
603:
597:
593:
589:
586:
583:
555:
552:
540:cardiomyopathy
535:
532:
522:, akinesis or
515:
514:Normal results
512:
510:
507:
493:
490:
473:volumetrically
450:Technetium-99m
347:
344:
339:
338:
332:
309:
303:cardiac output
299:
288:
282:
272:
257:cardiomyopathy
240:
237:
223:
220:
199:cardiac output
195:echocardiogram
122:is an area of
115:
114:
107:
104:
103:
94:
88:
87:
80:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4073:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4031:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Ga-68-DOTATOC
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Intravascular
3637:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3559:Synthetic MRI
3557:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Electron beam
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3300:Orbital x-ray
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
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3244:
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3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3195:Bronchography
3193:
3192:
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3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
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3141:
3137:
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3111:
3110:
3107:
3095:
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3079:
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3062:
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3057:
3056:
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3041:
3039:
3036:
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3033:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3016:
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3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
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2979:
2977:
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2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
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2932:
2931:
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2923:
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2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Sclerotherapy
2836:
2834:
2833:Laser surgery
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2755:
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2747:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2707:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:Cardioversion
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
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2632:
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2614:
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2585:
2582:
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2576:
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2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
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2545:
2544:
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2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
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2519:
2516:
2512:
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2509:
2505:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
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2481:
2478:
2475:
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2451:
2448:
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2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:Dor procedure
2403:
2401:
2398:
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2391:
2390:
2387:
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2379:
2377:
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2354:
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2327:
2322:
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2297:
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2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:to the right
2239:
2236:
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2229:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2214:
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2208:
2205:
2203:
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2178:
2174:
2169:
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2163:
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2147:
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2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
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2119:
2114:
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2100:
2096:
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2091:
2088:
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2086:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:Transcatheter
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:Valvuloplasty
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
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1968:
1965:
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1957:
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1945:
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1933:
1931:
1926:
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1922:
1915:
1911:
1908:
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1815:
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1773:
1771:9780323400350
1767:
1763:
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1596:
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1499:
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1477:
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1463:
1459:
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1433:
1428:
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1414:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1370:
1361:
1342:
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1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
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1261:
1239:
1235:
1214:
1205:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1128:
1106:
1102:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1036:
1032:
1009:
1006:
985:
976:
960:
956:
950:
946:
942:
939:
934:
930:
921:
905:
901:
878:
874:
863:
845:
841:
835:
831:
825:
812:
809:
801:
787:
775:
773:
770:
765:
761:
747:
744:
731:
717:
713:
704:
688:
684:
675:
670:
655:
635:
626:
609:
606:
601:
595:
591:
587:
584:
581:
573:
570:
566:
562:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
533:
531:
529:
525:
521:
513:
508:
506:
504:
499:
491:
489:
488:performance.
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
462:nitroglycerin
457:
455:
454:cardiac cycle
451:
447:
444:
440:
435:
433:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
388:
387:pertechnetate
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:
366:
365:
359:
357:
356:pertechnetate
353:
345:
343:
337:
333:
330:
326:
325:immunotherapy
322:
318:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
265:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
236:
228:
221:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
176:SYMA scanning
174:, as well as
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:cardiac cycle
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:heart failure
137:
133:
129:
128:functionality
125:
121:
111:
102:
98:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
72:
69:
67:
63:
56:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4007:Acute stroke
3973:Thermography
3759:
3728:scintigraphy
3718:Radionuclide
3706:pre-hospital
3552:Tractography
3471:Radiodensity
3373:calcium scan
3334:Quantitative
3094:Toe pressure
3012:
2925:Cardioplegia
2473:implantation
2467:implantation
2450:Cryoablation
2291:Off-pump CAB
2101:
2084:
2009:Valve repair
1999:Heart valves
1892:
1888:
1882:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1760:
1753:
1743:25 September
1741:. Retrieved
1736:
1723:
1696:
1690:
1680:25 September
1678:. Retrieved
1673:
1661:
1651:25 September
1649:. Retrieved
1644:
1632:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1568:
1561:
1451:
1448:
1385:
1362:
1276:
1206:
1143:
977:
922:
864:
802:
779:
766:
762:
705:
671:
627:
574:
557:
537:
517:
495:
470:
458:
439:gamma camera
436:
431:
426:
424:
419:
411:
409:
390:
368:
362:
360:
349:
340:
317:chemotherapy
280:heart valves
259:, and other
242:
233:
202:
187:heart valves
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
151:
148:gamma camera
119:
118:
3896:Cardiac PET
3669:renal tract
3644:Gynecologic
3576:Techniques
3547:restriction
3522:Angiography
3505:Neurography
3451:Fluoroscopy
3397:Angiography
3378:angiography
3322:Techniques:
3283:Aortography
3273:Angiography
3253:Cystography
3243:Mammography
3185:Myelography
3180:Sialography
3149:radiography
3038:Portography
3003:Aortography
2985:Angiography
2871:Arteriotomy
2786:Atherectomy
2781:Angioplasty
2627:Cardiac PET
2370:Pericardium
2334:Atherectomy
2272:Angioplasty
2014:Valvulotomy
1786:"MUGA Scan"
520:hypokinesis
498:chest x-ray
466:vasodilator
403:is about 6
381:substance,
379:radioactive
321:doxorubicin
319:e.g., with
313:cardiotoxic
4045:Categories
3809:Full body:
3595:endoscopic
3569:Ultrasound
3498:functional
3295:Lymphogram
3290:Venography
3258:Arthrogram
3084:Angioscopy
3052:Ultrasound
3030:Venography
2890:dissection
2876:Phlebotomy
2622:Cardiac CT
2489:Cardiotomy
2394:Myocardium
2162:Sano shunt
1952:procedures
1950:Tests and
1790:Cancer.Net
1595:J Nucl Med
1553:References
776:Derivation
524:dyskinesis
383:technetium
352:technetium
132:ventricles
4012:Pregnancy
3891:Brain PET
3859:gamma ray
3795:DMSA scan
3649:Obstetric
3542:diffusion
3537:Sequences
3515:perfusion
3407:Pulmonary
3354:Cone beam
3248:Pyelogram
2002:and septa
1509:≈
1478:π
1415:π
1320:π
1173:π
745:×
737:EDV - ESV
726:%
548:herceptin
346:Procedure
329:herceptin
301:With low
278:in their
215:angiogram
152:MUGA scan
4030:Category
3882:positron
3402:Coronary
2853:Arterial
2803:Stenting
2754:Vascular
2706:Category
2439:minimaze
2435:Cox maze
1895:: 11–30.
544:ischemia
432:in vitro
412:in vitro
370:in vitro
191:chambers
66:ICD-9-CM
3929:Optical
3911:PET-MRI
3691:Carotid
3686:Scrotal
3580:doppler
3510:Cardiac
3419:Thyroid
3363:Targets
3314:CT scan
1991:Surgery
1874:1460504
1846:1569488
1818:2324820
509:Results
427:in vivo
420:in vivo
410:In the
392:in vivo
364:in vivo
276:lesions
247:(CAD),
239:Purpose
222:History
211:systole
134:of the
3906:PET-CT
3681:Breast
3676:Rectal
3600:duplex
3532:Breast
3369:Heart
2859:access
2857:venous
2678:Pacing
2286:MIDCAB
2277:Bypass
2227:shunt
2121:atrium
2034:mitral
2029:aortic
1916:(MeSH)
1872:
1844:
1816:
1768:
1711:
1647:. 2016
1607:606737
1605:
1576:
1207:where
1094:where
978:where
628:where
561:Tc-99m
399:, the
305:after
170:), or
3933:Laser
3855:SPECT
3664:renal
3493:Brain
3444:Other
3144:X-ray
2913:Other
2635:sound
2507:Tests
2465:S-ICD
2362:Other
2296:TECAB
2141:aorta
1956:heart
1733:(PDF)
1674:SNMMI
1670:(PDF)
1641:(PDF)
769:SPECT
569:SPECT
565:gated
446:gamma
385:-99m-
354:-99m-
284:With
274:With
136:heart
108:[
101:3-708
97:3-704
71:92.05
3701:FAST
3414:Head
2855:and
2756:and
2437:and
2175:for
1870:PMID
1842:PMID
1814:PMID
1766:ISBN
1745:2017
1709:ISBN
1682:2017
1653:2017
1645:BNMS
1603:PMID
1574:ISBN
1512:1.38
672:The
588:1.38
479:and
425:The
189:and
183:cine
168:RNVG
78:MeSH
3878:PET
3846:ECT
3844:3D/
3726:2D/
3627:ICE
3622:TEE
3617:TTE
3485:MRI
3216:DXR
3212:DXA
3207:KUB
3202:AXR
3190:CXR
2584:TEE
2579:TTE
2471:ICD
2266:CHD
2238:SVC
2223:to
2155:to
2139:to
2123:to
1701:doi
1274:as
748:100
740:EDV
443:keV
405:mSv
397:MBq
375:tin
367:or
323:or
4047::
3884:):
3861:):
3590:3D
3158:2D
2888:/
2242:PA
1891:.
1866:33
1864:.
1838:33
1836:.
1810:31
1808:.
1788:.
1735:.
1707:.
1672:.
1643:.
1615:^
1599:18
1597:.
1549:.
1446:.
1360:,
1204:,
975:,
862:.
760:,
676:,
625:,
456:.
407:.
294:,
255:,
251:,
162:,
99:,
3931:/
3880:(
3857:(
3236:/
3227:/
3223:/
3214:/
3146:/
3128:e
3121:t
3114:v
2892::
2738:e
2731:t
2724:v
2615:/
2441:)
2279:/
1943:e
1936:t
1929:v
1893:4
1876:.
1848:.
1820:.
1774:.
1747:.
1717:.
1703::
1684:.
1655:.
1609:.
1582:.
1534:2
1531:3
1526:r
1520:3
1516:M
1503:2
1500:3
1495:r
1489:3
1485:M
1475:6
1469:=
1464:t
1460:V
1434:r
1429:2
1425:M
1420:)
1412:6
1407:(
1403:=
1398:2
1394:D
1371:r
1343:2
1339:M
1335:6
1328:2
1324:D
1314:=
1307:m
1303:N
1297:t
1293:N
1287:=
1284:r
1262:r
1240:m
1236:D
1215:D
1190:3
1186:D
1181:)
1176:6
1168:(
1164:K
1161:=
1156:t
1152:N
1129:K
1107:t
1103:V
1080:t
1076:V
1072:K
1069:=
1064:t
1060:N
1037:t
1033:N
1010:3
986:K
961:m
957:D
951:2
947:M
943:K
940:=
935:m
931:N
906:2
902:M
879:m
875:D
846:m
842:N
836:t
832:N
826:=
813:=
810:r
788:r
732:=
729:)
723:(
718:f
714:E
689:f
685:E
656:r
636:M
610:2
607:3
602:r
596:3
592:M
585:=
582:V
559:(
331:)
327:(
203:Q
201:(
166:(
112:]
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
