33:
578:
572:
146:
298:
in order to best reflect the makeup of Syria. Rafiq, as president, closely associated the party with another opposition party, the Party of
Liberty and Union headed by Sadiq Bey, which shared the goal of granting the Arab states increased autonomy. In April 1913, 'Azm on behalf of his party, accepted
275:; together, the two founded the Ottoman Consultation Society (Jam'iyyat al-Shura al-'Uthmaniyya), a diverse, Ottoman focused society that pushed back against Turkish nationalism. 'Azm served as editor of the Arabic-language portion of the OCS's publications and its treasurer. Following the 1908
73:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
264:(CUP), an underground organization that advocated for liberal reforms. In 1894 Ottoman authorities began cracking down on constitutionalists and their organizations, including the CUP; in the same year 'Azm fled to
219:
237:
to the 'Azm family, one of the city's mostly politically and socially influential families. He received an education in French and Arabic in
Damascus and
622:
76:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
641:
84:
666:
344:
549:
497:
472:
432:
377:
261:
615:
97:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
287:
249:
279:
the society was disbanded; 'Azm visited
Istanbul and joined the Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization.
286:
opposed proposals to exclude non-Arabs and non-Muslims from the party, pushing for the affirmative inclusion of
608:
315:
92:
113:
145:
656:
490:
Modernity in
Islamic Tradition : The Concept of 'Society' in the Journal al-Manar (Cairo, 1898-1940)
300:
295:
276:
451:
360:
Khoury, Philip S. (1983), "Notables, nationalists and Faysal's Arab government in
Damascus, 1918–20",
282:
As part of the
Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization, Rafiq al-ʿAzm along with his cousin
661:
651:
646:
45:
450:
Dudoignon, Stephane A. (2006-09-27). Dudoignon, Stephane A; Hisao, Komatsu; Yasushi, Kosugi (eds.).
218:, 1865-1925) was a Syrian intellectual, author, and politician. 'Azm served as the president of the
393:
545:
503:
493:
468:
428:
373:
340:
106:
88:
592:
537:
460:
420:
365:
211:
533:
253:
234:
163:
635:
283:
196:
177:
369:
17:
577:
272:
257:
223:
526:
507:
424:
571:
541:
464:
238:
230:
159:
95:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
588:
291:
265:
245:
70:
417:
History of the Arabic
Written Tradition Supplement Volume 3 - I
26:
244:
As a young man, 'Azm became involved in a group of reformist
596:
222:
and was a key figure in the intellectual formation of
66:
192:
184:
170:
152:
129:
525:
220:Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization
188:Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization
364:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 75–92,
91:accompanying your translation by providing an
57:Click for important translation instructions.
44:expand this article with text translated from
616:
8:
415:Brockelmann, Carl (2018), "Abbreviations",
623:
609:
144:
126:
453:Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World
327:
7:
567:
565:
519:
517:
445:
443:
410:
408:
528:The Emergence of the Arab Movements
362:Urban notables and Arab nationalism
215:
103:{{Translated|de|Rafīq Bey al-ʿAzm}}
595:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
401:(Thesis). Simon Fraser University.
306:Rafiq al Azm died on 4 July 1925.
303:, to which he sent two delegates.
25:
576:
570:
31:
262:Committee of Union and Progress
248:who believed in restoration of
642:People from the Ottoman Empire
524:Tauber, Eliezer (2013-02-01).
250:the empire's 1876 constitution
101:You may also add the template
1:
488:Florian, Zemmin (July 2018).
667:Middle Eastern history stubs
370:10.1017/cbo9780511563522.007
208:Rafīq Bey ibn Mahmūd al-ʿAzm
131:Rafīq Bey ibn Mahmūd al-ʿAzm
419:, Brill, pp. 649–758,
114:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
683:
564:
337:Israel: From war to peace?
229:Rafiq was born in 1865 in
65:Machine translation, like
425:10.1163/9789004369795_004
143:
136:
46:the corresponding article
392:Rizvi, Sayyid Muhammad.
316:Declaration to the Seven
137:
395:Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib
112:For more guidance, see
335:Karsh, Efraim (2000).
260:. He later joined the
252:. During the reign of
216:رفيق بك بن محمود العظم
138:رفيق بك بن محمود العظم
591:history article is a
542:10.4324/9780203043721
465:10.4324/9780203028315
301:Arab Congress of 1913
299:an invitation to the
277:Young Turk Revolution
85:copyright attribution
339:. Psychology Press.
459:. pp. 45, 46.
271:In Egypt, 'Azm met
93:interlanguage link
604:
603:
205:
204:
125:
124:
58:
54:
18:Rafīq Bey al-ʿAzm
16:(Redirected from
674:
625:
618:
611:
582:
581:
580:
574:
566:
556:
555:
531:
521:
512:
511:
485:
479:
478:
458:
447:
438:
437:
412:
403:
402:
400:
389:
383:
382:
357:
351:
350:
332:
256:'Azm joined the
217:
201:
148:
127:
104:
98:
71:Google Translate
56:
52:
35:
34:
27:
21:
682:
681:
677:
676:
675:
673:
672:
671:
632:
631:
630:
629:
575:
569:
562:
560:
559:
552:
523:
522:
515:
500:
492:. p. 308.
487:
486:
482:
475:
456:
449:
448:
441:
435:
414:
413:
406:
398:
391:
390:
386:
380:
359:
358:
354:
347:
334:
333:
329:
324:
312:
199:
185:Political party
180:
175:
166:
157:
139:
132:
121:
120:
119:
102:
96:
59:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
680:
678:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
634:
633:
628:
627:
620:
613:
605:
602:
601:
584:
558:
557:
550:
513:
498:
480:
473:
439:
433:
404:
384:
378:
352:
346:978-0714649627
345:
326:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
311:
308:
254:Abdul Hamid II
235:Ottoman Empire
203:
202:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
167:
164:Ottoman Empire
158:
154:
150:
149:
141:
140:
134:
133:
130:
123:
122:
118:
117:
110:
99:
77:
74:
63:
60:
53:(January 2019)
41:
40:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
679:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
657:Al-Azm family
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
637:
626:
621:
619:
614:
612:
607:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
579:
573:
568:
563:
553:
551:9780203043721
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
529:
520:
518:
514:
509:
505:
501:
499:9783110543995
495:
491:
484:
481:
476:
474:9780203028315
470:
466:
462:
455:
454:
446:
444:
440:
436:
434:9789004369795
430:
426:
422:
418:
411:
409:
405:
397:
396:
388:
385:
381:
379:9780511563522
375:
371:
367:
363:
356:
353:
348:
342:
338:
331:
328:
321:
317:
314:
313:
309:
307:
304:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
213:
209:
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
173:
169:
165:
161:
155:
151:
147:
142:
135:
128:
115:
111:
108:
100:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
62:
61:
55:
49:
47:
42:You can help
38:
29:
28:
19:
597:expanding it
586:
583:
561:
527:
489:
483:
452:
416:
394:
387:
361:
355:
336:
330:
305:
284:Haqqi al-Azm
281:
270:
243:
228:
207:
206:
197:Haqqi al-Azm
178:Cairo, Egypt
89:edit summary
80:
51:
43:
662:Syria stubs
652:1925 deaths
647:1865 births
532:. pp.
273:Rashid Rida
258:Young Turks
174:4 July 1925
636:Categories
508:1066211875
322:References
296:Christians
268:, Egypt.
193:Relatives
107:talk page
48:in German
310:See also
239:Istanbul
231:Damascus
200:(cousin)
160:Damascus
83:provide
224:Arabism
105:to the
87:in the
50:.
548:
506:
496:
471:
431:
376:
343:
294:, and
292:Druzes
212:Arabic
589:Syria
587:This
457:(PDF)
399:(PDF)
266:Cairo
246:ulama
67:DeepL
593:stub
546:ISBN
504:OCLC
494:ISBN
469:ISBN
429:ISBN
374:ISBN
341:ISBN
288:Jews
171:Died
156:1865
153:Born
81:must
79:You
538:doi
534:126
461:doi
421:doi
366:doi
69:or
638::
544:.
536:.
516:^
502:.
467:.
442:^
427:,
407:^
372:,
290:,
241:.
233:,
226:.
214::
162:,
624:e
617:t
610:v
599:.
554:.
540::
510:.
477:.
463::
423::
368::
349:.
210:(
116:.
109:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
