357:
The fact that Schlösser's name is still being cited in books and academic articles would seem to indicate that his work was and is not without importance in the history of drama. The "sound and light" shows of the post-1945 era may not owe their existence entirely to the
Thingspiele of the 1930s, but
267:
Schlösser was a proponent of the
Thingspiele and, as Reichsdramaturg, much involved with the idea and its realization, which he described, in a 1934 speech, as "a longing for a drama that intensifies historical events to create a mythical, universal, unambiguous reality beyond reality". He added that
262:
The festivals, too, which this government celebrates with the people, have a deeper meaning. These are not festivals organized by the government at the expense of the people. Quite the contrary, they are festivals in which the government no longer stand in opposition to each other but that government
180:
The position of
Dramaturg in the German Reich of the 1930s and 1940s was one which "combined the offices of censor and animator. In neither was altogether successful. Critical plays were of course banned, as were plays by Jewish authors and music by Jewish composers. But the manner of performance
268:"..only someone who understands this longing will be able to create the cultic popular drama of the future." Any subject might be suitable for a Thingspiel, so long as "placed in the context of the Nordic concept" and "moved into the light of our genuine and just myth of blood and honour."
150:, reading History, Philosophy, German Philology and Evangelical Theology. Forced to interrupt his studies during the economic collapse of the early 1920s and making a living as a bank clerk, he returned to study in 1927 at Jena, receiving the degree of Doctor of Literature in 1931.
307:
Schlösser's formulation of the
Thingspiel structure was "an oratorio or programme of recitative choruses..a presentation of allegorical tableaux vivants followed by a presentation of colours and pledges of allegiance..a pageant parade..a ballet, expressionistic dances."
274:
The effect on an audience of a
Thingspiel has been analyzed thus: "It was mainly the working of light and music, combined with the underlying ritual pattern, that triggered quasi-religious feelings and established an emotional bond among all those present."
1017:
161:" ("old fighters") whose membership, at latest, could not be positioned after number 100,000, though it seems that he joined the Party prior to its election and takeover of government in 1932–1933.
224:" (pl. Thingspiele) has been described as "multi-disciplinary outdoor theatre". About 40 outdoor theatres, usually modelled on those of ancient Greece, were developed during the currency of the
1022:
987:
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320:, a uniformed position carrying the rank of Regional Leader . From 1944, Schlösser directed a programme at the Ministry of Propaganda in respect of culture in the context of "
358:
those German performances may have been the genesis for part of that current, which would also include the rock music extravaganzas of recent decades (such as those of
36:
or Reich
Theatre Chamber, the state governing body for drama. This was an even more important and high-profile position. The equivalent body in the world of music, the
982:
22:(sometimes anglicized as Schlosser or Schloesser; 28 July 1899 – 9 August 1945) was a German journalist and writer who held (1933–1945) the governmental post of
997:
735:"DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska – Lincoln – William Grange: Rules, Regulations, and the Reich: Comedy under the Auspices of the Propaganda Ministry"
316:
In
September 1939, with the coming of war against Poland, France and Great Britain, Schlösser was also appointed chief of the Cultural Office of the
271:
Schlösser wrote that the
Thingplatzen would become "the heart of the whole festive national political and artistic life of the individual cities" .
957:
299:
The cultural-political goal of the Third Reich is not to focus upon bureaucratic power, but to create fervor in the service of Holy Art.
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membership number was only 772,091, indicating that his actual Party membership dated from much later. He was not one of the real "
195:
The Reich
Dramaturgical Bureau produced a "List of Undesirable and Abusive Literature for the Stage", which included the works of
347:
1007:
1002:
680:
992:
953:
208:
258:
The minister responsible, Joseph
Goebbels, had in mind a concatenation of national, folk and traditional festivals:
102:
339:
unit. Taken prisoner by Soviet forces, he was sentenced to death on 30 June 1945 and executed on 9 August 1945.
464:
890:
169:
343:
147:
32:
602:
Art, Ideology, and Economics in Nazi Germany: The Reich Chambers of Music, Theater, and the Visual Arts
285:
The basis of Schlosser's view of art and of the Third Reich itself is encapsulated in his words about
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In 1946, the printed works of Schlösser were placed on a list of prohibited literature in the
291:
181:
was less easy to control and left room for political innuendo and a modicum of independence."
38:
440:"Review of Strobl, Gerwin, The Swastika and the Stage: German Theatre and Society, 1933–1945"
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and mused, in 1933, that Shakespeare was not just "Aryan" but more German than English.
26:(Reich Drama Adviser) in the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda headed by
279:
206:. In that he followed the instruction given to Goebbels by Hitler himself (who enjoyed
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Rudolf Steiner, Life and Work: Volume 1 (1861–1890): Childhood, Youth, and Study Years
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achieved state power in Germany), Schlösser became Culture-Political Editor of the
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251:. The Dietrich-Eckart-Buhne, which can seat 22,000 spectators, was renamed the
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228:, all between 1934 and 1937, though a further 360 planned were never built.
94:
202:
Schlösser frequently stressed the usefulness to the Reich of the works of
847:
153:
Schlösser took an active part in "volkisch" politics from 1924. but his
140:
490:
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in 1934, though the best known is the Dietrich-Eckart-Buhne in suburban
113:, a cultural centre of immense importance and now recognized as such by
133:, after having graduated from secondary education by having taken the
336:
236:
135:
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110:
255:(Forest Theatre or Forest Stage) after 1948 and is still much-used.
55:
The Swastika and the Stage: German Theatre and Society, 1933–1945:
681:"Ana the Imp: William Shakespeare, Playwright of the Third Reich"
146:
After the end of the war, Schlösser studied at both Jena and the
143:, he saw combat and was promoted to the rank of full Lieutenant.
139:(secondary school graduation certificate examination). Posted to
1018:
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union
792:
Theatre, Sacrifice, Ritual: Exploring Forms of Political Theatre
629:
Shakespeare on the German Stage: Volume 2, The Twentieth Century
369:, originally a doctoral dissertation, was published in Germany.
90:
567:
Easton, Stewart C.; Easton, Stewart Copinger (1 January 1980).
49:
According to Dr. Gerwin Strobl, an academic specialist on the
278:
It may be that one inspiration was the "sacred art" noted by
129:
Schlösser began officer cadet training in 1917, during the
389:
Hitler's Dancers: German Modern Dance and the Third Reich
121:, inter alia, worked in the Goethe archive at one time).
164:
In October 1931 (more than a year before the NSDAP and
172:(Folkish Observer), the party newspaper of the NSDAP.
626:
Hortmann, Wilhelm; Hamburger, Michael (28 May 1998).
282:
in the formulation of his world-famous music-dramas.
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Rainer Schlösser (1899–1945): der "Reichsdramaturg"
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The Freischütz Phenomenon: Opera As Cultural Mirror
1023:Nazis executed by the Soviet Union by firing squad
367:Rainer Schlosser (1899–1945): der Reichsdramaturg
295:in the 1937 edition of the German Music Yearbook:
60:"Future leading figures of Nazi theatre, such as
386:Karina, Lilian; Kant, Marion (1 January 2004).
988:20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
327:In 1945, Schlösser took an active part in the
30:and also (from 1935 to 1938) President of the
97:. His father (d.1920) was a professor at the
89:Rainer Schlösser was born on 28 July 1899 at
8:
491:"Rudolf Steiner Archive: Steiner Books GA 1"
212:), that Shaw's works should be "protected".
1013:People executed by Allied occupation forces
950:Newspaper clippings about Rainer Schlösser
243:and named after the dramatist and writer,
42:, was headed by the world-famous composer
239:, opened in 1936 for the (nearby) Berlin
101:who, in 1917, became the director of the
53:and its cultural extensions, in his book
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789:Fischer-Lichte, Erika (1 January 2005).
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739:Theatre & Film Faculty Publications
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983:German male dramatists and playwrights
822:Literature and Film in the Third Reich
819:Schoeps, Karl-Heinz (1 January 2004).
438:Faucheur, Christelle Le (1 May 2009).
231:The first Thingplatz was dedicated in
599:Steinweis, Alan E. (1 January 1993).
570:Rudolf Steiner: Herald of a New Epoch
7:
998:German Army personnel of World War I
863:Henderson, Donald G. (11 May 2011).
846:Schlösser, Rainer (1 January 1935).
354:) formalized and continued the ban.
324:" (a phrase conceived by Goebbels).
706:West, William N. (31 August 2010).
365:In 2012, a biography of Schlösser,
331:, fighting with the remnants of an
64:Rainer Schlösser, or Leader of the
919:Hüpping, Stefan (1 January 2012).
656:Anglomania: A European Love Affair
14:
712:. Northwestern University Press.
653:Buruma, Ian (10 September 2015).
733:Grange, William (January 2004).
605:. Univ of North Carolina Press.
216:Role in the Thingspiele Movement
68:and head of the Vienna theatre,
925:(in German). Aisthesis-Verlag.
348:Deutsche Demokratische Republik
632:. Cambridge University Press.
515:Selg, Peter (26 August 2014).
346:of Germany. In 1953, the DDR (
1:
543:"Rudolf Steiner – AnthroWiki"
465:"Goethe and Schiller Archive"
312:Last years, death and legacy
184:Schlösser, like Hitler (and
16:German journalist and writer
954:20th Century Press Archives
760:"GBS and the despots | TLS"
263:and people have become one.
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891:"Theatre in Nazi Germany"
188:), favoured the works of
685:anatheimp.blogspot.co.uk
303:is a mirror of the soul.
869:. Xlibris Corporation.
469:www.klassik-stiftung.de
344:Soviet Occupation Zone
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148:University of Freiburg
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170:Volkischer Beobachter
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1008:Hitler Youth members
795:. Psychology Press.
709:Renaissance Drama 38
241:1936 Summer Olympics
209:Caesar and Cleopatra
1003:Waffen-SS personnel
204:George Bernard Shaw
70:Baldur von Schirach
46:from 1933 to 1935.
33:Reichstheaterkammer
993:Nazi Party members
659:. Atlantic Books.
489:e.Librarian, The.
392:. Berghahn Books.
99:University of Jena
900:. 7 December 2011
852:. Zeitgeschichte.
849:Politik und drama
764:www.the-tls.co.uk
495:www.rsarchive.org
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289:'s opera,
222:Thingspiel
85:Early life
322:total war
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253:Waldbuhne
95:Thuringia
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115:UNESCO
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103:Goethe
894:(PDF)
233:Halle
220:The "
155:NSDAP
74:Nazis
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