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it appears there has already been a diversion possibly to avoid mine workings/tailings. There are sidings and passing loops on this section. The route continues along the southern flank of the mountain range crossing many alluvial fans before entering a wide valley that leads to the summit. The rail route makes use of a section of Iran that juts into
Afghanistan and remains on the north side of the water course. Near the end of the valley the railway seems to have a passing loop and wye just before the border at the summit cutting though details on Google Earth are indistinct and not present at all on Bing Maps, which generally has more updated maps. The summit cutting appears to be at 1,100 m (3,600 ft) above sea level after which the railway descends with many curves into the Faruk Aqa valley. The railway now heads north east through foothills on the 950 m (3,120 ft) contour approximately, north of the villages of Faruk Aqa and Rebat-e-Tork to reach a sandy plain forming a part of the wide Hari Rud river valley. There are some passing loops on this section with one just north of Faruk Aqa at 975 m (3,199 ft). equipped with a turning wye, and another 20 km (12 mi) further along at 860 m (2,820 ft). The route crosses the 1 km-wide (0.62 mi) Hari Rud flood plain diagonally on embankments with a 370 m (1,210 ft) bridge over the main channel. It terminates (as of 10/12/20) at a new passenger station and freight transfer yard called Rahzanak (790 m above sea level) about 6 km (3.7 mi) east of the village of the same name on the Islam Qala-Herat road where a wye is provided for turning locos as well as several sidings.
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board for the country's southwest Chaman city bordering
Afghanistan. From there, the goods will be shifted across the border via road, the Nation reported. On 30-12-20, Pakistan signed a joint appeal letter Tuesday seeking a $ 4.8 billion loan from international financial institutions for a Trans-Afghan railway line project with Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.
530:" was chosen to be the country's railway gauge. The Khaf-Herat railway, a joint project between Afghanistan and Iran completed in 2020, was built to that gauge. It is 130 kilometres (81 miles) long, of which 60 kilometres (37 miles) is in Afghanistan; the remainder is in Iran. It links Afghan with Turkey, Europe and Iranian ports in the Persian Gulf.
1030:"Today, the prime minister signed a letter for a joint approach with Afghanistan & Uzbekistan for asking international financial agencies to finance the railway from Pakistan to Uzbekistan through Afghanistan. This fits well with our vision for trade and connectivity through Afghanistan to the Central Asia Republics," Dawood tweeted.
806:
The Khaf-Herat rail route has four sections, two in Iran and two in
Afghanistan. Within Iran, section 1, running from Khaf to Sangan (14 km ), was completed in September 2016. Section 2, from Sangan to the Iran-Afghanistan border at Shamtiq (64 km ), was completed in October 2017.
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approved funding for
Afghanistan's national rail authority. The Afghanistan Railway Authority has a website but, as of August 2017, there is very little on it. It does state that Afghanistan Railway Law (12 chapters and 105 clauses) was drafted in February 2013 and is awaiting approval from "relevant
947:
It was announced on June 9, 2023, Iran and
Afghanistan jointly completed the first rail operation on the Khaf-Herat railway line. The journey included 17 wagons and 655 tonnes of railway equipment for future rail construction. The first trial on this corridor was carried out in September last year,
802:
Details of the route are as follows (taken from Google Earth/Bing Maps). The new route commences in Iran at a junction at Khaf station with a mineral branch where a balloon loop is provided for international locos to turn round. The route travels lower down the mountainside than the mine branch and
1020:
On
February 22, 2020, the first cargo train bound for Afghanistan left Karachi, Pakistan with a load of containers. Pakistan Railways Chairman Habib-ur-Rehman Gilani inaugurated the train on Saturday which departed from the Pakistan International Container Terminal in Karachi with 35 containers on
738:
On May 9, 2023, the first trial run of cargo from Iran to
Afghanistan via the Khaf-Herat railway was completed. This shipment included 17 wagons that transferred 655 tons of railway equipment that will be used in the further construction of the rail line. The Khaf-Herat railway is 225 kilometers
134:
Afghanistan's rail network is still in the developing stage. The current rail lines are to be extended in the near future, the plans include lines for cargo traffic as well as passenger transportation. Afghanistan's neighbors have been improving their own railway networks during the early 21st
196:
magazine includes: "Travellers from
Afghanistan state a railway is being laid down for a distance of some six miles from Kabul to the site of the new city of Darulaman, and also that some of the rolling stock for it is being manufactured in the Kabul workshops". The August 1928 issue of
826:. Mazar-i-Sharif is already linked with Uzbekistan and Tajikistan via rail routes. Herat also is already linked with Turkmenistan via rail and road routes. India is also finalizing a plan to construct a 900 km (560 mi) railway line that will connect the port of
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long, with 140 km of the railway track traversing
Afghanistan and the remaining 85 km running through Iran. The construction of the Khaf-Herat railway line, which links Khaf in eastern Iran with Herat in western Afghanistan, began back in 2007.
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for a three-year-term until
Afghanistan's own railways department takes over. By December 2010, it began carrying construction materials for other reconstruction projects in Afghanistan. The first freight services began running around August 2011.
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in Afghanistan. It was reported in December 2020 that the Herat-Khaf railway, which is 225 km (140 mi) long, had finally been inaugurated as far as Rahzanak, leaving just 85 km (53 mi) to complete the line as far as Herat.
201:
magazine mentions: "The only railway at present in Afghanistan is five miles long, between Kabul and Darulaman". The tramway closed (date unknown), and was dismantled in the 1940s, but as of 2004 the locomotives were held, outdoors, at the
845:'s trip to Iran, an agreement was signed to develop two berths at Chabahar port and to build a rail connection from Chabahar to the existing Iranian railway network. The link line would connect a point somewhere near the town of
1071:(MCC) signed an agreement with the Afghan Minister of Mines to investigate construction of a northâsouth railway across Afghanistan, running from Mazar-i-Sharif to Kabul and then to the eastern border town of
562:
meeting in July 2011. The commission would be responsible for supervising construction of a rail network within the country and its connection with the country's neighbors. In October 2011, the
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There are currently no passenger services or stations in Afghanistan. If any of the various cross-border links are completed and opened to passenger service, new stations will have to be built.
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and Rahzanak in Afghanistan for a distance of 140 km (87 mi) was formally inaugurated. The works on remaining 85 km (53 mi) section of the project between Rahzanak and
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region of Afghanistan. As far back as 2011, seven Indian companies had acquired rights to mine central Afghanistan's Hajigak region, which contain Asia's largest deposit of iron ore. The
2320:
2241:
2803:
861:, has been tasked with this project. The establishment of the port of Chabahar's connection to the country's railway plan, is under study and consideration. With completion of the
677:, began in 2007. In April 2016, an agreement was reached for a technical feasibility study for a proposal to extend this line approximately 100 km (62 mi) to the city of
1027:
Prime Minister Imran Khan signed the letter on behalf of Pakistan for the mega project, according to Abdul Razak Dawood, adviser to the prime minister on commerce and investment.
272:
undersea tunnel), Beijing, Baotou, Turfan, Kashgar, Kabul, Tehran, Baghdad, Istanbul with connection to Berlin and Rome but never realised at the beginning of the World War II.
3215:
2215:
2780:
746:
India-Iran-Afghanistan transport corridor map. A rail link is proposed to replace the highway section between Iran and Afghanistan, linking to the railhead at Zahedan.
681:, where it could connect to the standard-gauge line to Iran that is being built. In accordance with earlier decisions, the line is likely to be standard gauge, with
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for both cargo and passengers was recently completed. Passenger service is also proposed in Hairatan â Mazar-i-Sharif section and Mazar-i-Sharif â Aqina section.
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A multination rail link was planned between Afghanistan and Tajikistan in 2013. The Tajikistan section has been partly implemented in 2016.
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2011:
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238:. When completed, the project would allow British officers to travel from London to India, mostly by rail, in 11 to 12 days (crossing the
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although it was not a complete train journey. From Kashgar in China, containers are trucked across the border to the Kyrgyz city of Osh.
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In January 2010, construction began on a 75-kilometer (47 mi) extension line between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan; this line is also
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850:
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1816:
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1973:
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261:. Lines to join Kabul with Kandahar and Herat would follow later. Owing to political upheavals these plans were not implemented.
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Details of the preliminary list of stations to be served, which circle the central mountains of Afghanistan are available.
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1996:
1932:
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901:
214:
Over the 19th century and a half, plenty of proposals have been made about building railways in Afghanistan. In 1885, the
3144:
3119:
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3014:
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2934:
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265:
2500:
1712:
149:
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3109:
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983:
816:
420:, past Afghan governments averted the construction of railways which could aid foreign interference in Afghanistan by
320:
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1991:
1500:
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Uzbekistan has pledged in 2018 to part fund a major 657 km (408 mi) rail link from Mazar-i-Sharif west to
18:
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815:(86 km ) which is being supported by Italy. Work is started on this line in December 2000, which ends at
742:
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The Afghan government planned to form a railway construction commission with technical cooperation provided by the
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1907:
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660:
171:
100:
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3154:
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The rail link would connect Pakistan and Uzbekistan via Afghanistan and later the Central Asian countries.
327:
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583:
563:
2070:
1701:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070430101935/http://www.ajg41.clara.co.uk/afghanistan.html#sdfootnote40sym
1621:
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1803:
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In the early 1980s, the Soviet Union built an approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) rail line from
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freight line. Since 2002, Afghan and Iranian officials have been working to extend this line east to
317:
219:
23:
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2114:
1595:
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1790:"KUNA : France, G8 supporting Afghan project to build railroads - Communications - 05/07/2011"
1504:
1442:
1437:
854:
835:
686:
555:
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1087:) gauge railway line that will link Kabul with Uzbekistan in the north and Pakistan in the east.
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568:
1464:
agreement signed by India, Oman, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, for creating an
715:
It is planned to become part of a rail corridor through northern Afghanistan, connecting it via
135:
century. The main plan is to use Afghanistan to connect by rail the four subcontinents of Asia.
1662:"To India In Eleven Days.; Russia's Transcaspian Railway And The Time Necessary To Complete It"
2725:
2426:
2048:"A new railway to stretch Đ°rom the gas field "Galkynysh" to Afghanistan | ORIENT: NEWS AGENCY"
971:
957:
289:
42:
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at Torghundi. In April 2018 it was decided by the Turkmen government to build a railway from
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which would be linked to this railway. MCC is constructing a 921 km-long (572 mi)
1052:
827:
609:
281:
159:
2200:
1824:
1547:
1545:
2738:
Afghanistan demain le rail pp. 6â14 + 27 pictures â vie du rail â n°1542 â 09/05/1976
2678:
2245:
1680:
1056:
858:
697:
356:) narrow gauge locomotives, works numbers 150â154, to an unknown customer in Afghanistan.
239:
112:
2376:"India eyes Iran's energy resources, commits over Rs 1 lakh crore investment in Chabahar"
869:
railway and its future connection to the port of Chabahar, this port will connect to the
2307:
651:, which could create a route from Iran via Herat to Central Asia and potentially China.
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96:
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31:
2501:"Iran Opens Railway Link Completing Line to Central Asia | Voice of America â English"
323:
built in 1951 (works numbers 24892, 24993, 24994) were supplied to the power station.
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3253:
842:
807:
Section 3, running within Afghanistan from the border at ShamtiqâJono to the town of
674:
673:
in Afghanistan. An upgrade of this Soviet-built line dating back to the 1960s, using
413:
285:
723:
and on to the border with Tajikistan, although it is unclear when this will happen.
1625:
937:
929:
925:
467:
269:
104:
1955:
119:. The country currently lacks a passenger rail service, but a new rail link from
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2819:
1616:
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1471:
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893:
247:
223:
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68:
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35:
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facilitating transportation of goods between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.
1847:"How the U.S. military is working to get an Afghanistan rail network on track"
1476:
1414:
1095:
The initial phase of railway construction from 2010 sees the creation of five
909:
905:
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is in progress. The works on both sides are done as development assistance to
885:
877:
761:
716:
666:
475:
471:
88:
2430:
2029:
822:
India and Afghanistan are working on extending this rail route from Herat to
2856:
1173:
1076:
1003:
904:
between China and Iran through Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. The new
846:
811:(61.2 km ) was also completed. Section 4 is the line from Jono to
701:
670:
613:
254:
243:
189:
92:
2758:
2672:
Construction on Kabul-Torkham Railway to Start Soon, Ministry of Mines Says
2055:
1728:"Railways of Afghanistan | Afghan railroads, past, present and future"
1017:
in Afghanistan (12 km ) was approved, though this never started.
2342:
924:
railway line a crucial rail link opened in 2009 which connects port city,
71:
has three railway lines in the north of the country. The first is between
2867:
2250:
1604:
1523:
1521:
1321:
In late 2016 updates, there are multiple breaks-of-gauge. These include:
1103:
999:
995:
876:
On 10 December 2020, the first rail link between Iran and Afghanistan on
757:
628:
268:
proposed Eurasian high speed rail from Tokyo to Paris via Busan (through
258:
235:
163:
76:
27:
2267:
1764:
1600:
1528:
1072:
979:
941:
933:
917:
866:
831:
808:
765:
692:
Another rail line was opened further east in November 2016, connecting
387:
227:
2630:"Tajikistan â Afghanistan railway construction could start this year"
1010:
991:
975:
862:
605:
167:
2394:
838:
has pledged to spend $ 2bn in developing supporting infrastructure.
115:
of Afghanistan (opened in 2016), which extends south to the city of
2268:"Iranian Passenger Train Arrives in Herat via Herat-Khawaf Railway"
708:
in Turkmenistan. Work on a 58 kilometres (36 mi) extension to
627:
as the first one built by the Soviets. The line, which starts from
1404:
889:
881:
812:
795:
741:
705:
693:
678:
648:
578:
370:
231:
185:
124:
120:
108:
41:
17:
2155:"Afghanistan-Iran Complete First Trial Run of Khaf-Herat Railway"
639:, was completed and is operated by Uzbekistan's national railway
257:
with Kabul, eventually connecting to the (then) Indian system at
921:
897:
428:
386:
Until the 21st century, less than 25 kilometres (16 mi) of
331:
128:
2871:
2762:
2169:"Modern construction methods mastered on Mashhad â Bafgh line"
2030:"Turkmenistan to build additional railway line in Afghanistan"
253:
About 1928, proposals were put forward for a railway to link
2363:"Afghanistan starts railway that will link it to the world."
1765:"Afghan, Iranian leaders hail 'historic' Khaf-Herat railway"
1644:
1642:
1601:"Afghan, Iranian Leaders Hail 'Historic' Khaf-Herat Railway"
1059:
was approved with construction expected to start that year.
2239:'Afghanistan, Iran rail link to be completed by March 2018'
1553:"Aqina-Andkhoi railway line inaugurated, 3 projects signed"
830:
in Iran, being built with Indian help, to the mineral-rich
559:
184:
roadside railway, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long, linking
2451:"Five Asian countries to implement a new railway corridor"
2419:"Iran, Afghanistan open first rail link with eye on trade"
2321:"India's Track 3: Afghan-Iran rail link - Hindustan Times"
2587:"Pakistan inaugurates Afghan transit cargo train service"
1075:. MCC was recently awarded a copper mining concession at
2612:"Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan Sign Railway MoU"
1722:
1720:
1956:"Afghan railway: First train runs on new line in north"
1894:"Afghanistan to complete first railway by end of year"
990:
between the two countries. The rail tracks would link
974:
lines with steep gradients terminate on the border at
107:(opened 1960). The third is between Turkmenistan and
2525:"First Iran-Afghanistan railway operation completed"
689:
in the direction of Afghanistan, towards Torghundi.
665:
A 10-kilometer-long (6.2 mi) line extends from
3203:
3163:
2905:
2849:
2828:
2796:
424:or Russia. The gauges in adjacent countries were:
326:In 1979 mining and construction locomotive builder
982:. In July 2010, Pakistan and Afghanistan signed a
2012:"Herat railway feasibility study contract signed"
1047:In 2018 a 50 km (31 mi) extension from
873:, and thus to both Afghanistan and Central Asia.
712:soon began, which was completed in January 2021.
567:institutions". Training has been provided by the
1622:"Officials Inaugurate Khawaf-Herat Railway Line"
1501:"Construction of Turkmen-Afghan railroad begins"
2303:
2301:
1577:"Long-delayed Herat-Khaf rail link inaugurated"
633:Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhi International Airport
390:existed inside Afghanistan, which was built to
2137:"Afghan railway terminal expansion MoU signed"
2093:"Aqina-Andkhoi Railway Officially Inaugurated"
571:'s Afghanistan Railroad Advisory Team (ARAT).
334:supplied five D35/6 two axle diesel-hydraulic
2883:
2774:
2550:"Pakistan, Afghanistan ink MoU on rail links"
218:wrote about plans for connecting the Russian
8:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1466:international transport and transit corridor
2648:"Agreement signed for north-south corridor"
2395:"Afghanistan, Iran open first rail network"
1051:in Tajikistan to the Afghan border town of
1006:in Afghanistan. The project soon fell off.
819:, the fourth major airport in Afghanistan.
2890:
2876:
2868:
2781:
2767:
2759:
841:In May 2016, during Indian Prime Minister
2270:. Afghanistan: TOLOnews. 28 October 2020.
1806:. Abdul Qadir Siddiqui. October 19, 2011.
1804:ADB to give $ 222m for roads, rail tracks
1763:Salehi, Naseer Ahmad (12 December 2020).
1529:"Aqina-Andkhoi Railway Officially Opened"
733:Khaf-Herat Railway Map highlighted in red
63:Khaf-Herat Railway Map highlighted in red
2804:Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation
1703:Railways in Afghanistan, past and future
618:AfghanistanâUzbekistan Friendship Bridge
170:in Germany, which were put to work on a
51:AfghanistanâUzbekistan Friendship Bridge
2216:"Opening up Afghan trade route to Iran"
1974:"Uzbekistan backs Afghan rail proposal"
1579:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 10 December 2020
1488:
431:, to the west, and China, to the east:
57:, seen from a U.S. military helicopter.
2310:, Dispatch News Desk, 5 November 2017.
2071:"Work Begins On Aqina-Andkhoy Railway"
1746:"Answering the Afghan rail question".
1555:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 14 January 2020
2552:. Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from
2339:"The Frontier Post,Pakistan,Peshawar"
2281:Khaf Herat route to open within weeks
1713:Aqina â Andkhoy extension inaugurated
1069:China Metallurgical Group Corporation
900:. The railway is part of the planned
655:AfghanistanâTurkmenistan rail service
7:
2113:Grantham, Andrew (31 October 2016).
1499:Kakar, Javed Hamim (December 2017).
908:â Rahzanak rail line continues from
2476:"Iran's railway revolution â - GCR"
2295:, Andrew Grantham, 17 October 2017.
1034:AfghanistanâTajikistan rail service
986:for going ahead with the laying of
760:closest to the Afghan border is at
594:AfghanistanâUzbekistan rail service
26:(ABP) search a locomotive near the
2691:INDIA, THE HANS (March 24, 2016).
2681:. Tamim Shaheer, October 18, 2011.
2323:. November 1, 2011. Archived from
1928:"First major Afghan railway opens"
1009:On May 29, 2012, the section from
857:, a subsidiary of the state-owned
14:
2548:Kakar, Javed Hamim (2010-07-07).
2293:Route of the Khaf â Herat railway
2069:Hejaab, Aslam (31 October 2016).
952:AfghanistanâPakistan rail service
752:Islamic Republic of Iran Railways
575:Current railways and future plans
456:Pakistan, to the south and east:
3258:
3249:
3248:
2818:
2480:www.globalconstructionreview.com
1908:"Railway Gazette: News in Brief"
1417:
222:, then under construction, with
91:(opened 2011). The second links
2095:. Khaama Press. 14 January 2020
1869:"Aid train reaches Afghanistan"
669:in Turkmenistan to the town of
635:in the northern Afghan city of
3216:British Indian Ocean Territory
2722:Afghanistan: A Railway History
2308:"Politics of Trade Corridors."
1752:: 63 (with map). October 2010.
1453:North-South Transport Corridor
851:NorthâSouth Transport Corridor
377:railway line extension opened.
204:National Museum of Afghanistan
1:
3285:Rail transport in Afghanistan
2652:Railway Gazette International
2634:Railway Gazette International
2574:Railway Gazette International
2221:Railway Gazette International
2174:Railway Gazette International
2141:Railway Gazette International
1997:Railway Gazette International
1978:Railway Gazette International
1933:Railway Gazette International
1874:Railway Gazette International
1749:Railway Gazette International
902:Five Nations Railway Corridor
849:to Chabahar port, as part of
727:AfghanistanâIran rail service
612:in Afghanistan, crossing the
558:, which was discussed at the
266:Japanese Ministry of Railways
192:. The December 1922 issue of
2809:Ministry of Energy and Water
2214:Murray Hughes (2008-01-29).
2199:. 2007-02-27. Archived from
2177:. 2007-07-01. Archived from
1877:. 2002-01-01. Archived from
1351:) in the northern area, and
1040:Rail transport in Tajikistan
321:diesel-hydraulic locomotives
2616:The Gazette of Central Asia
1892:Ben Farmer (13 June 2010).
1683:(in Japanese). Rakuten Blog
1531:. TOLOnews. 14 January 2020
984:Memorandum of understanding
932:with north eastern city of
817:Herat International Airport
504:In 2010, the international
282:hydroelectric power station
83:, which then connects with
3301:
2618:. Satrapia. 21 March 2013.
1896:. London: Daily Telegraph.
1649:Kabul to Darulaman railway
1037:
955:
749:
658:
597:
147:
3244:
2815:
2283:, Mehrnews, 20 July 2017.
2117:. Railways of Afghanistan
1992:"Afghan rebuild underway"
1651:, Railways of Afghanistan
30:border crossing point in
2965:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2790:Transport in Afghanistan
1433:Transport in Afghanistan
1401:5 ft 6 in
1349:5 ft 6 in
1146:5 ft 6 in
1111:5 ft 6 in
1085:5 ft 6 in
968:5 ft 6 in
661:Railways in Turkmenistan
641:Uzbekiston Temir Yullari
462:5 ft 6 in
173:2 ft 6 in
3226:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2899:Rail transport in Asia
2720:Waters, Paul E (2002).
2715:Railways in Afghanistan
2393:Agencies (2020-12-11).
550:National Rail Authority
288:, east of Kabul. Three
150:KabulâDarulaman Tramway
75:and the border town of
2365:, , 20 September 2016.
2193:"Rail Link With Herat"
1802:Pajhwok Afghan News â
1679:pogacsa (2016-07-01).
747:
590:
564:Asian Development Bank
58:
39:
871:Trans-Iranian Railway
745:
582:
328:Bedia Maschinenfabrik
45:
21:
3140:United Arab Emirates
2697:www.thehansindia.com
2693:"Ashgabat Agreement"
2036:. November 29, 2018.
1462:Multimodal transport
1448:Eurasian Land Bridge
1063:NorthâSouth Corridor
936:and from there with
916:where it links with
220:Transcaspian Railway
24:Afghan Border Police
3167:limited recognition
2654:. 23 September 2010
2425:. PTI. 2020-12-10.
1607:. 12 December 2020.
1505:Pajhwok Afghan News
1443:Khyber Pass Railway
1438:Khyber train safari
1067:In September 2010,
998:in Afghanistan and
855:Ircon International
836:Government of India
687:Galkynysh Gas Field
556:European Commission
276:Industrial railways
158:bought three small
2829:Modes of transport
2677:2013-11-09 at the
2482:. 14 December 2015
2254:, 26 February 2017
2244:2017-11-16 at the
1666:The New York Times
1628:. 10 December 2020
1458:Ashgabat Agreement
1425:Afghanistan portal
914:Torbat-e Heydarieh
748:
591:
569:United States Army
59:
40:
3272:
3271:
3209:other territories
2865:
2864:
1849:. SmartRail World
1002:in Pakistan with
994:in Pakistan with
972:Pakistan Railways
958:Pakistan Railways
608:in Uzbekistan to
418:strategic reasons
210:Proposed railways
160:steam locomotives
3292:
3262:
3252:
3251:
3221:Christmas Island
2907:Sovereign states
2892:
2885:
2878:
2869:
2823:
2822:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2735:
2724:. Bromley: PWA.
2701:
2700:
2688:
2682:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2583:
2577:
2576:, July 2012, p30
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2341:. Archived from
2335:
2329:
2328:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2224:. Archived from
2211:
2205:
2204:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2054:. Archived from
2044:
2038:
2037:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2018:. 18 April 2016.
2008:
2002:
2001:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1936:. 25 August 2011
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1823:. Archived from
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1276:
1272:Sher Khan Bandar
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1086:
1082:
1053:Sher Khan Bandar
969:
965:
962:Two broad gauge
789:
787:
786:
782:
779:
771:
768:, and this is a
534:Railway stations
525:
523:
522:
518:
515:
507:
499:
497:
496:
492:
489:
481:
478:, to the north:
463:
459:
452:
450:
449:
445:
442:
434:
411:
409:
408:
404:
401:
393:
355:
353:
352:
348:
345:
337:
315:
313:
312:
308:
305:
296:
179:
174:
101:Turkmen Railways
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3240:
3208:
3199:
3180:Northern Cyprus
3166:
3159:
2901:
2896:
2866:
2861:
2845:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2792:
2787:
2754:UNHCR Atlas Map
2745:
2732:
2719:
2710:
2708:Further reading
2705:
2704:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2679:Wayback Machine
2670:
2666:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2559:
2557:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2505:www.voanews.com
2499:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2460:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2435:
2433:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2382:. May 23, 2016.
2374:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2246:Wayback Machine
2237:
2233:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2073:. ariananews.af
2068:
2067:
2063:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2016:Railway Gazette
2010:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1745:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1624:. Afghanistan:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1603:. Afghanistan:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1379:4 ft
1378:
1374:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:4 ft
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:4 ft
1326:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:4 ft
1300:
1296:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:4 ft
1278:
1274:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:4 ft
1251:
1247:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:4 ft
1229:
1225:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:4 ft
1202:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:4 ft
1180:
1176:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1154:4 ft
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:4 ft
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1093:
1091:Breaks of gauge
1084:
1080:
1065:
1057:Kunduz Province
1042:
1036:
1013:in Pakistan to
967:
963:
960:
954:
859:Indian Railways
784:
780:
777:
775:
774:4 ft
773:
769:
754:
736:
735:
734:
729:
698:Faryab province
663:
657:
602:
596:
577:
552:
544:
536:
520:
516:
513:
511:
510:4 ft
509:
505:
494:
490:
487:
485:
484:4 ft
483:
479:
461:
457:
447:
443:
440:
438:
437:4 ft
436:
432:
406:
402:
399:
397:
396:4 ft
395:
391:
384:
367:
362:
350:
346:
343:
341:
340:1 ft
339:
335:
310:
306:
303:
301:
300:1 ft
299:
294:
280:In the 1950s a
278:
240:English Channel
212:
177:
172:
152:
146:
141:
113:Faryab province
66:
65:
64:
53:to the city of
22:Members of the
12:
11:
5:
3298:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2841:Road transport
2838:
2836:Rail transport
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2744:
2743:External links
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2717:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2683:
2664:
2639:
2621:
2603:
2578:
2566:
2540:
2516:
2492:
2467:
2442:
2410:
2385:
2367:
2355:
2330:
2327:on 2011-11-01.
2312:
2297:
2285:
2273:
2256:
2231:
2228:on 2016-01-01.
2206:
2203:on 2008-12-04.
2184:
2181:on 2012-05-27.
2160:
2146:
2128:
2105:
2084:
2061:
2058:on 2018-12-20.
2039:
2021:
2003:
1983:
1965:
1947:
1919:
1899:
1884:
1881:on 2012-05-27.
1860:
1837:
1808:
1795:
1781:
1755:
1733:
1716:
1705:
1693:
1671:
1653:
1638:
1610:
1589:
1565:
1541:
1517:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1412:
1409:
1319:
1318:
1269:
1223:Mazar-i-Sharif
1220:
1171:
1136:
1097:break-of-gauge
1092:
1089:
1064:
1061:
1035:
1032:
953:
950:
884:route between
824:Mazar-i-Sharif
792:standard gauge
732:
731:
730:
728:
725:
721:Mazar-i Sharif
706:Atamyrat/Kerki
683:break of gauge
656:
653:
637:Mazar-i-Sharif
600:Uzbek Railways
595:
592:
588:Balkh Province
576:
573:
551:
548:
543:
540:
535:
532:
528:standard gauge
502:
501:
465:
454:
383:
380:
379:
378:
366:
363:
361:
358:
277:
274:
264:In 1930s, the
216:New York Times
211:
208:
206:in Darulaman.
199:The Locomotive
194:The Locomotive
156:King Amanullah
154:In the 1920s,
148:Main article:
145:
142:
140:
137:
97:Herat province
85:Uzbek Railways
81:Balkh province
73:Mazar-i-Sharif
62:
61:
60:
55:Mazar-i-Sharif
32:Balkh Province
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3297:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3190:South Ossetia
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:Miscellaneous
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2713:Grantham, A.
2712:
2711:
2707:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2556:on 2012-03-13
2555:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2345:on 2016-03-04
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2116:
2115:"TAT Railway"
2109:
2106:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2072:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2000:. 2007-07-12.
1999:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1962:. 2011-12-21.
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1848:
1845:Upton, Luke.
1841:
1838:
1827:on 2017-10-02
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1594:
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1578:
1572:
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1530:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1506:
1502:
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1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1415:
1410:
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1406:
1397:1,676 mm
1375:1,520 mm
1353:1,435 mm
1345:1,676 mm
1323:1,520 mm
1297:1,435 mm
1275:1,520 mm
1273:
1270:
1248:1,435 mm
1226:1,520 mm
1224:
1221:
1199:1,435 mm
1177:1,520 mm
1175:
1172:
1150:1,435 mm
1142:1,676 mm
1140:
1137:
1115:1,435 mm
1107:1,676 mm
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1081:1,676 mm
1078:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
964:1,676 mm
959:
951:
949:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
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872:
868:
864:
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852:
848:
844:
843:Narendra Modi
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
804:
800:
797:
793:
770:1,435 mm
767:
763:
759:
753:
744:
740:
726:
724:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:Russian gauge
672:
668:
662:
654:
652:
650:
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:Russian gauge
621:
619:
616:river on the
615:
611:
607:
601:
593:
589:
585:
584:Freight train
581:
574:
572:
570:
565:
561:
557:
549:
547:
541:
539:
533:
531:
529:
477:
473:
469:
466:
455:
430:
427:
426:
425:
423:
419:
415:
414:Russian gauge
389:
381:
376:
372:
369:
368:
364:
359:
357:
333:
329:
324:
322:
319:
297:
291:
287:
284:was built at
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:British India
221:
217:
209:
207:
205:
200:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
169:
165:
161:
157:
151:
144:Kabul tramway
143:
138:
136:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
16:
3205:Dependencies
3135:Turkmenistan
3100:Saudi Arabia
2914:
2835:
2721:
2696:
2686:
2667:
2656:. Retrieved
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
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2590:
2581:
2569:
2558:. Retrieved
2554:the original
2543:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:
2519:
2508:. Retrieved
2504:
2495:
2484:. Retrieved
2479:
2470:
2459:. Retrieved
2457:. 2017-09-05
2454:
2445:
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2422:
2413:
2402:. Retrieved
2398:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2358:
2347:. Retrieved
2343:the original
2333:
2325:the original
2315:
2288:
2276:
2249:
2234:
2226:the original
2219:
2209:
2201:the original
2196:
2187:
2179:the original
2172:
2163:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2108:
2097:. Retrieved
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2064:
2056:the original
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
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2006:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1931:
1922:
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1902:
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1879:the original
1872:
1863:
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1840:
1829:. Retrieved
1825:the original
1820:
1811:
1798:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1758:
1747:
1708:
1696:
1685:. Retrieved
1674:
1668:, 1885-05-03
1665:
1656:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:Khaama Press
1581:. Retrieved
1557:. Retrieved
1533:. Retrieved
1508:. Retrieved
1320:
1094:
1066:
1046:
1043:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1008:
961:
946:
938:Turkmenistan
930:Persian Gulf
926:Bandar Abbas
875:
840:
821:
805:
801:
756:The Iranian
755:
737:
714:
691:
664:
646:
622:
603:
586:in northern
553:
545:
537:
506:1435 mm
503:
480:1520 mm
468:Turkmenistan
458:1676 mm
433:1435 mm
392:1520 mm
385:
325:
318:narrow gauge
279:
270:Korea Strait
263:
252:
213:
198:
193:
153:
133:
105:Turkmenistan
67:
15:
3264:Asia portal
3165:States with
3085:Philippines
3025:South Korea
3020:North Korea
2915:Afghanistan
2596:24 February
2455:Railway PRO
2034:AzerNews.az
1821:afra.gov.af
1817:"Observium"
1774:11 November
1472:Broad gauge
1139:Khyber Pass
1049:Kolkhozobod
1015:Spin Boldak
988:rail tracks
894:Afghanistan
382:Track gauge
336:600 mm
295:600 mm
292:four-wheel
248:Caspian Sea
178:762 mm
69:Afghanistan
47:Rail tracks
36:Afghanistan
3145:Uzbekistan
3120:Tajikistan
3035:Kyrgyzstan
3015:Kazakhstan
2935:Bangladesh
2925:Azerbaijan
2797:Ministries
2731:0948904097
2658:2010-09-27
2560:2008-10-23
2534:2023-06-08
2510:2020-12-15
2486:2020-12-15
2461:2021-08-15
2436:2020-12-15
2404:2020-12-15
2349:2012-01-06
2197:Iran Daily
2121:19 January
2099:2021-01-17
2077:17 January
1913:2011-01-02
1831:2017-08-29
1687:2022-12-26
1632:2020-12-20
1583:2020-12-20
1559:2021-01-17
1535:2021-01-17
1510:1 December
1483:References
1477:Dual gauge
1099:stations.
1038:See also:
956:See also:
750:See also:
717:Sheberghan
667:Serhetabat
659:See also:
598:See also:
476:Tajikistan
472:Uzbekistan
250:by boat).
246:, and the
89:Uzbekistan
3231:Hong Kong
3185:Palestine
3110:Sri Lanka
3105:Singapore
2985:Indonesia
2857:Milli Bus
2431:0971-751X
2423:The Hindu
2380:Firstpost
2052:orient.tm
1940:25 August
1853:29 August
1174:Torghundi
1077:Mes Aynak
1004:Jalalabad
702:Ymamnazar
671:Torghundi
614:Amu Darya
610:Kheyrabad
255:Jalalabad
244:Black Sea
190:Darulaman
93:Torghundi
49:from the
3279:Category
3254:Category
3175:Abkhazia
3125:Thailand
3080:Pakistan
3060:Mongolia
3055:Maldives
3050:Malaysia
2950:Cambodia
2675:Archived
2591:Railpage
2529:Railpage
2399:DAWN.COM
2251:1TV News
2242:Archived
1960:BBC News
1769:TOLOnews
1681:"夢ăŽĺźžä¸¸ĺčť"
1605:TOLOnews
1411:See also
1393: in
1371: in
1341: in
1315: in
1293: in
1266: in
1244: in
1217: in
1195: in
1168: in
1133: in
1104:Kandahar
1000:Peshawar
996:Kandahar
940:through
828:Chabahar
788: in
758:railhead
629:Hairatan
542:Proposed
524: in
498: in
451: in
410: in
360:Timeline
354: in
314: in
290:Henschel
259:Peshawar
236:Kandahar
164:Henschel
77:Hairatan
28:Hairatan
3150:Vietnam
3065:Myanmar
3045:Lebanon
2975:Georgia
2930:Bahrain
2920:Armenia
1388:⁄
1366:⁄
1336:⁄
1310:⁄
1288:⁄
1261:⁄
1239:⁄
1212:⁄
1190:⁄
1163:⁄
1128:⁄
1073:Torkham
980:Torkham
942:Sarakhs
934:Mashhad
918:Mashhad
867:Zahedan
832:Hajigak
809:Ghurian
783:⁄
766:Mashhad
710:Andkhoy
519:⁄
493:⁄
446:⁄
422:Britain
405:⁄
388:railway
375:Andkhoy
349:⁄
309:⁄
228:Sarakhs
139:History
117:Andkhoy
3195:Taiwan
3130:Turkey
3095:Russia
3030:Kuwait
3010:Jordan
3000:Israel
2960:Cyprus
2945:Brunei
2940:Bhutan
2749:UN Map
2728:
2429:
1011:Chaman
992:Quetta
976:Chaman
863:Kerman
606:Termez
474:, and
416:. For
286:Surobi
242:, the
234:, and
168:Kassel
3236:Macau
3155:Yemen
3115:Syria
3090:Qatar
3070:Nepal
3005:Japan
2980:India
2970:Egypt
2955:China
1405:Herat
1403:) at
890:Herat
882:Herat
865:âBam-
813:Herat
796:Herat
764:near
704:with
694:Aqina
679:Herat
649:Herat
371:Aqina
232:Herat
186:Kabul
182:gauge
162:from
121:Herat
109:Aqina
99:with
3075:Oman
3040:Laos
2995:Iraq
2990:Iran
2726:ISBN
2598:2020
2427:ISSN
2123:2017
2079:2017
1942:2011
1855:2017
1776:2022
1512:2017
1460:, a
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1197:) /
1148:) /
1113:) /
978:and
922:Bafq
910:Khaf
906:Khaf
898:Iran
886:Khaf
878:Khaf
762:Khaf
700:via
429:Iran
365:2019
332:Bonn
226:via
188:and
129:Iran
125:Khaf
3207:and
1055:in
928:in
912:to
896:by
847:Bam
719:to
696:in
631:to
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330:of
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