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spend it. Eventually, Mama puts some of the money down on a new house, choosing an all-white neighborhood over a black one for the practical reason that it is much cheaper. Later she relents and gives the remaining $ 6,500 to Walter to invest, with the provision that he reserve $ 3,000 for
Beneatha's education. Walter gives all of the money to Willy, who takes it and flees, depriving Walter and Beneatha of their dreams, though not the Youngers of their new home. Bobo reports the bad news about the money. Meanwhile, Karl Lindner, a white representative of the neighborhood they plan to move to, makes an offer to buy them out. Vaguely threatening, he says he wishes to avoid tensions over the introduction of Black people into the neighborhood, which to the three women's horror Walter bitterly prepares to accept as a solution to their financial setback. Lena says that while money was something they try to work for, they should never take it if it was a person's way of telling them they were not fit to walk the same earth as them.
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audience the night before. Some reviewers argued about whether the play was "universal" or particular to Black experience. Nonetheless, upon opening, the play won popular and critical acclaim. At opening night, after multiple curtain calls, the audience cried out for the author, whereupon
Poitier jumped into the audience and pulled Hansberry onto the stage for her ovation.
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Meanwhile, Beneatha's character and direction in life are influenced by two different men who are potentially love interests: her wealthy and educated boyfriend George
Murchison, and Joseph Asagai. Neither man is actively involved in the Youngers' financial ups and downs. George represents the "fully
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At the beginning of the play, Walter Lee and
Beneatha's father has recently died, and Mama (Lena) is waiting for a life insurance check for $ 10,000. Walter has a sense of entitlement to the money, but Mama has religious objections to alcohol, and Beneatha has to remind him it is Mama's call how to
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Walter is oblivious to the stark contrast between George and Joseph: his pursuit of wealth can be attained only by liberating himself from Joseph's culture, to which he attributes his poverty, and by rising to George's level, wherein he sees his salvation. Walter redeems himself and black pride at
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When
Beneatha becomes distraught at the loss of the money, she is scolded by Joseph for her materialism. She eventually accepts his point of view that things will get better with effort, along with agreeing to consider his proposal of marriage and invitation to move with him to Nigeria to practice
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was the first play written by a Black woman to be produced on
Broadway, as well as the first with a black director, Richards. Waiting for the curtain to rise on opening night, Hansberry and producer Rose did not expect the play to be a success, for it had received mixed reviews from a preview
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as Lena
Younger. The production was notable for emphasizing the danger the Youngers face in moving to Clybourne Park, a notion that was written into the script by Hansberry but most major interpretations, including the film, avoid due to undercutting a perceived happy ending. Though Hansberry
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Walter and Ruth
Younger, and their son Travis, along with Walter's mother Lena (Mama) and younger sister Beneatha, live in poverty in a run-down two-bedroom apartment on Chicago's South Side. Walter is barely making a living as a limousine driver. Though Ruth is content with their lot, Walter
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Because of time constraints, the character Mrs. Johnson and a few scenes were cut from the
Broadway performance and in reproductions. Mrs. Johnson is the Younger family's nosy and loud neighbor, at the beginning of the play. She cannot understand how the family can consider moving to a white
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neighborhood and cattily jokes that she will probably read in the newspaper in a month that they have been killed in a bombing. Her lines are employed as comic relief, but
Hansberry also uses this scene to mock those who are too scared to stand up for their rights. In the introduction by
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had conflicting goals, and thus could not be considered to be the same class. The plaintiff in the first action in 1934 was Olive Ida Burke, who brought the suit on behalf of a property owners' association to enforce racial restrictions. Her husband, James Burke, later sold a house to
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and was broadcast by ABC on February 25, 2008. Rashad and McDonald received Emmy nominations for their portrayals of Lena and Ruth. According to Nielsen Media Research, the program was watched by 12.7 million viewers and ranked No. 9 in the ratings for the week ending March 2, 2008.
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to raise enough money to launch it. There was disagreement with how it should be played, with the focus on the mother or on the son. When the play hit New York, Poitier played it with emphasis on the son and found not only his calling, but also an enthralled audience.
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On 31 January 2016 the BBC broadcast a new production of the play by director/producer Pauline Harris. This version restores the character of Mrs Johnson and a number of scenes that were cut from the Broadway production and subsequent film, with the following cast:
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the end by changing his mind and not accepting the buyout offer, stating that the family is proud of who they are and will try to be good neighbors. The play closes with the family leaving for their new home but uncertain future.
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The play won two 2004 Tony Awards: Best Actress in a Play (Phylicia Rashad) and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Audra McDonald), and was nominated for Best Revival of a Play and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Sanaa Lathan).
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Hansberry noted that her play introduced details of black life to the overwhelmingly white Broadway audiences, while director Richards observed that it was the first play to which large numbers of black people were drawn.
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653:(Lorraine's father), when he changed his mind about the validity of the covenant. Mr. Burke's decision may have been motivated by the changing demographics of the neighborhood, but it was also influenced by
616:, 311 U.S. 32 (1940), to which the playwright Lorraine Hansberry's father was a party, when he fought to have his day in court despite the fact that a previous class action about racially motivated
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628:—Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968—which prohibited discrimination in housing). The Hansberry family won their right to be heard as a matter of due process of law in relation to the
242:, patiently teaches Beneatha about her African heritage; he gives her thoughtfully practical gifts from Africa while pointing out she is unwittingly assimilating herself into white ways. She
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assimilated black man" who denies his African heritage with a "smarter than thou" attitude, which Beneatha finds disgusting, while dismissively mocking Walter's situation. Joseph, a
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262:, he writes that the scene is included in print because it draws attention away from a seemingly happy ending to a more violent reality inspired by Hansberry's own experiences.
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follows Beneatha after she leaves with Asagai to Nigeria and, instead of becoming a doctor, becomes the Dean of Social Sciences at a respected (unnamed) California university.
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682:, ran on Broadway from October 18, 1973, to December 7, 1975. The book of the musical, which stayed close to the play, was written by Hansberry's former husband,
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biographer Imani Perry claims this interpretation was the "closest to Lorraine's vision that I have ever seen", the production was criticized for this ending by
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1013:: Best Revival of a Play, Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Play (Sophie Okonedo) and Best Direction of a Play (Kenny Leon).
2006:
189:, as they attempt to improve their financial circumstances with an insurance payout following the death of the father, and deals with matters of
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The two above plays, together with the original, were referred to by Kwei-Armah as "The Raisin Cycle" and were produced together by Baltimore's
1968:
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desperately wishes to become wealthy. He plans to invest in a liquor store in partnership with Willy and Bobo, his street-smart acquaintances.
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reprised their roles from the 2004 Broadway revival in a television film directed by Kenny Leon. The film debuted at the 2008
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1901:"'Gent's Guide', 'All The Way', 'Hedwig And the Angry Inch', 'Raisin in the Sun 'Win Top Prizes at 68th Annual Tony Awards"
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directed the production, while Chiz Schultz produced. This production was based on an off-Broadway revival produced by the
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1659:"Transcript: Langston Hughes and His Poetry – presentation by David Kresh (Journeys and Crossings, Library of Congress)"
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On 3 March 1996, the BBC broadcast a production of the play by director/producer Claire Grove, with the following cast:
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s Jesse Green, in a negative review that Pinkins claimed scuttled plans for the production to transfer to Broadway.
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depicts the white family that sold the house to the Youngers. The first act takes place just before the events of
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The play was presented (as before) by Philip Rose and David J. Cogan, in association with the British impresario
624:, 277 Ill. App. 519 (1934), had been similar to his situation. (This case was heard prior to the passage of the
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1526:"Inventing a Fishbowl: White Supremacy and the Critical Reception of Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun"
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Text to Text: ‘'A Raisin in the Sun'’ and ‘'Discrimination in Housing Against Nonwhites Persists Quietly'’
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from August 4, 1959. As on Broadway, the director was Lloyd Richards, and the cast was as follows:
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You Can't Do that on Broadway!: A Raisin in the Sun and Other Theatrical Improbabilities; a Memoir
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as "A brilliant play, brilliantly served". Michael Buffong, Ray Fearon and Jenny Jules all won
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on October 19, 1959, and closed on June 25, 1960, after 530 total performances. Directed by
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Ginia Bellafante, "Raisin in the Sun: A Tale of Race and Family and a $ 10,000 Question"
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as Lena Younger. O'Hara directed the same production with a largely different cast at
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Some five months after its Broadway opening, Hansberry's play appeared in London's
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1969:"Everyone Has Missed the Point of A Raisin in the Sun, According to Tonya Pinkins"
1943:"A Raisin in the Sun | Productions | Shows / Tickets | Arena Stage"
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Producer Philip Rose, especially credited a surprisingly, very positive review by
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Best Play – written by Lorraine Hansberry; produced by Philip Rose, David J. Cogan
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2062:"Baltimore's Center Stage looks very good in PBS documentary on 'Raisin' cycle"
1888:"Tony-Winning Revival of 'A Raisin in the Sun' Plays Final Performance Tonight"
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Award for Best Supporting Actress. Both Poitier and McNeil were nominated for
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A second revival ran on Broadway from April 3, 2014, to June 15, 2014, at the
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1333:"A Raisin in the Sun | Ethel Barrymore Theatre (3/11/1959 – 10/17/1959)"
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in Washington, D.C., directed by Tazewell Thompson, with the following cast:
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later took over as Walter Lee Younger, and Frances Williams as Lena Younger.
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1627:"A Raisin in the Sun review – still challenging its characters and audience"
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was considered a risky investment, and it took eighteen months for producer
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What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?
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named it the best play of 1959, and in recent years publications such as
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EDSITEment's lesson Raisin in the Sun the Quest for the American Dream
1761:"Chenoweth, Dench, Linney, McDonald, Rashad Nominated for Emmy Awards"
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After pre-Broadway touring to positive reviews, the play premiered on
1576:"How Sidney Poitier Rewrote the Script for Black Actors in Hollywood"
422:"changed American theater forever". In 2016, Claire Brennan wrote in
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1736:"A Raisin in the Sun | Royale Theatre (4/26/2004 – 7/11/2004)"
1414:"50 Best Plays of All Time: Comedies, Tragedies and Dramas Ranked"
570:. Hansberry wrote the screenplay, and the film was directed by
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from April 26, 2004, to July 11, 2004 with the following cast:
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her hair, for example, which he characterizes as "mutilation".
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586:, and Petrie received a special "Gary Cooper Award" at the
185:. The story tells of a black family's experiences in south
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of its Chicago-tryout, in propelling it to become a hit.
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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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was released featuring its original Broadway cast of
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With a cast in which all but one character is black,
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nominations, but all were for technical categories.
710:(Travis, the Youngers' young son). The show won the
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1595:"Theater: 'Raisin in Sun,' Anniversary in Chicago"
1445:(first ed.). San Francisco: Harper. pp.
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217:have listed it among the best plays ever written.
984:(who played Ruth in the 1989 film) – Lena Younger
722:In 1989, the play was adapted into a TV film for
644:decision, because the class of homeowners in the
1501:"'A Raisin in the Sun', Present at the Creation"
752:(Mrs. Johnson). This production received three
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941:directed a widely acclaimed production at the
428:that "The power and craft of the writing make
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933:Royal Exchange, Manchester production, 2010
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1648:Review of a revival in Sheffield, England.
1384:"The 40 best plays to read before you die"
1165:A new production of the play, directed by
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610:Experiences in this play echo a lawsuit,
456:Best Direction of a Play – Lloyd Richards
318:on March 11, 1959. It transferred to the
2559:Civil rights movement in popular culture
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1360:. Cswnet.com. 1996-06-25. Archived from
1313:Civil rights movement in popular culture
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181:" (also known as "A Dream Deferred") by
177:in 1959. The title comes from the poem "
1474:. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 21.
1358:"A Dream Deferred (by Langston Hughes)"
1323:
1271:
1242:
1156:Keith L. Royal Smith – George Murchison
453:Best Actress in a Play – Claudia McNeil
690:and Robert Brittan. The cast included
2273:Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play
2041:from the original on December 5, 2017
1169:, first played in Summer 2019 at the
1127:The play opened on April 6, 2017, at
363:– George Murchison (as Louis Gossett)
7:
2075:from the original on October 6, 2014
1625:Brennan, Claire (February 7, 2016).
1153:Thomas Adrian Simpson – Karl Lindner
1068:Bryce Clyde Jenkins – Travis Younger
949:, described by Dominic Cavendish in
32:A Raisin in the Sun (disambiguation)
2009:from the original on April 22, 2015
1996:"Good Defenses Make Good Neighbors"
1687:Kamp, Allen R. "The History Behind
874:Alexander Mitchell – Travis Younger
504:Scott Cunningham – George Murchison
450:Best Actor in Play – Sidney Poitier
2059:David Zurawik (October 25, 2013).
2029:"Legit Review: 'Beneatha's Place'"
1993:Ben Brantley (February 21, 2010).
25:
2574:American plays adapted into films
2097:A Raisin in the Sun
1118:Richard Pepple – George Murchison
1053:Keith Eric Chappelle – moving man
996:Ray Emmet Brown – Bobo/Moving Man
865:Teagle F. Bougere – Joseph Asagai
818:A revival ran on Broadway at the
640:defendants were not bound by the
432:as moving today as it was then."
266:Broadway production and reception
1298:
1286:
1274:
2446:Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
2341:One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
1967:Tran, Diep (16 November 2022).
1869:from the original on 2014-04-05
1843:from the original on 2016-10-09
1812:from the original on 2016-09-26
1742:from the original on 2014-01-07
1716:from the original on 2017-03-23
1669:from the original on 2017-05-26
1639:from the original on 2018-02-24
1607:from the original on 2016-06-21
1593:Rich, Frank (October 5, 1983).
1556:from the original on 2010-07-09
1395:from the original on 2019-02-15
1339:from the original on 2013-12-25
1181:Off-Broadway in 2022, starring
1147:Jeremiah Hasty – Travis Younger
1135:Will Cobbs – Walter Lee Younger
1065:Billy Eugene Jones – moving man
1062:Jason Dirden – George Murchison
904:A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)
871:Billy Eugene Jones – moving man
740:(Mama), Kim Yancey (Beneatha),
676:A musical version of the play,
534:A Raisin in the Sun (1961 film)
27:1959 play by Lorraine Hansberry
2569:Plays about race and ethnicity
990:Simon Combs – George Murchison
987:Damola Adelaja – Joseph Asagai
868:Frank Harts – George Murchison
203:New York Drama Critics' Circle
1:
2357:Long Day's Journey into Night
1171:Williamstown Theatre Festival
1138:Lizan Mitchell – Lena Younger
1106:Segun Fawole – Travis Younger
862:Lawrence Ballard – moving man
492:Olga James – Beneatha Younger
2027:Paul Harris (May 18, 2013).
1831:"A Raisin in the Sun review"
1734:Internet Broadway Database.
1331:Internet Broadway Database.
1144:Joy Jones – Beneatha Younger
1112:Cecilia Noble – Mrs. Johnson
501:Bari Johnson – Joseph Asagai
2579:Plays by Lorraine Hansberry
1890:playbill.com, June 15, 2014
1109:Jude Akwudike – Bobo/Asagai
993:Tom Hodgkins – Karl Lindner
806:John Sharion – Karl Lindner
797:Akim Mogaji – Joseph Asagai
712:Tony Award for Best musical
686:. Music and lyrics were by
646:Washington Park Subdivision
538:In 1961, a film version of
51:First-edition publication (
2605:
2102:Internet Broadway Database
1910:playbill.com, June 8, 2014
1763:. Playbill. Archived from
1161:Off-Broadway revival, 2022
1141:Dawn Ursula – Ruth Younger
1042:Stephen McKinley Henderson
1030:LaTanya Richardson Jackson
1009:. The play won three 2014
901:
669:
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483:John Adan – Travis Younger
29:
2279:
2115:Listen to the play online
1524:Bernstein, Robin (1999).
1233:in the 2012–2013 season.
1150:Mack Leamon – Bobo/Asagai
1123:Arena Stage revival, 2017
1115:Sean Baker – Karl Lindner
44:
2589:Tony Award-winning plays
1437:Poitier, Sidney (2000).
791:Lachelle Carl – Beneatha
580:National Board of Review
115:March 11, 1959
1007:Ethel Barrymore Theatre
439:was nominated for four
316:Ethel Barrymore Theatre
131:Ethel Barrymore Theatre
2554:African-American plays
2470:A View from the Bridge
2317:A View from the Bridge
1001:Broadway revival, 2014
926:Sundance Film Festival
814:Broadway revival, 2004
794:Garren Givens – Travis
605:Langston Hughes (1951)
602:
326:, the cast comprised:
295:
191:housing discrimination
1863:"A Raisin in the Sun"
1802:"A Raisin in the Sun"
1693:20 U.S. Davis L. Rev.
1512:National Public Radio
1470:Rose, Philip (2001).
618:restrictive covenants
594:Historical background
578:and Ruby Dee won the
574:. It was released by
418:in 1983, stated that
274:Scene from the play.
273:
2584:Plays set in Chicago
2494:The Boys in the Band
2414:The Norman Conquests
1791:, February 25, 2008.
1580:Smithsonian Magazine
1441:The Measure of a Man
1085:– Walter Lee Younger
1020:– Walter Lee Younger
972:– Walter Lee Younger
829:– Walter Lee Younger
748:(Karl Lindner), and
588:Cannes Film Festival
489:– Walter Lee Younger
384:Ed Hall – moving man
333:– Walter Lee Younger
30:For other uses, see
2454:A Raisin in the Sun
2438:Death of a Salesman
2382:Glengarry Glen Ross
2325:Death of a Salesman
2204:A Raisin in the Sun
2188:A Raisin in the Sun
2172:A Raisin in the Sun
2111:at Theatricalia.com
2108:A Raisin in the Sun
1932:, January 31, 2016.
1839:. 5 February 2010.
1836:The Daily Telegraph
1808:. 2 February 2010.
1708:A Raisin in the Sun
1213:A Raisin in the Sun
1175:S. Epatha Merkerson
1073:2016 BBC Radio Play
1057:Sean Patrick Thomas
952:The Daily Telegraph
768:1996 BBC Radio play
584:Golden Globe Awards
540:A Raisin in the Sun
461:West End production
437:A Raisin In The Sun
430:A Raisin in the Sun
420:A Raisin in the Sun
300:A Raisin in the Sun
166:A Raisin in the Sun
157:South Side, Chicago
89:Lena Younger (Mama)
40:A Raisin in the Sun
2564:Domestic tragedies
2367:(a combination of
2301:A Delicate Balance
2285:An Inspector Calls
2167:Lorraine Hansberry
2130:The New York Times
2002:The New York Times
1924:2016-02-06 at the
1906:2014-06-12 at the
1865:. Playbill Vault.
1789:The New York Times
1783:2017-03-10 at the
1600:The New York Times
1542:10.3138/md.42.1.16
1506:2017-07-04 at the
1188:The New York Times
1179:The Public Theater
1103:– Beneatha Younger
1038:– Beneatha Younger
978:– Beneatha Younger
847:– Beneatha Younger
803:– George Murchison
762:Roundabout Theatre
729:American Playhouse
415:The New York Times
375:– Beneatha Younger
296:
260:Robert B. Nemiroff
171:Lorraine Hansberry
65:Lorraine Hansberry
2536:
2535:
2486:Angels in America
2239:
2238:
2068:The Baltimore Sun
1514:, March 11, 2002.
1456:978-0-06-135790-9
1418:Time Out New York
1218:The 2013 play by
1018:Denzel Washington
959:. The cast were:
878:The director was
857:David Aaron Baker
736:(Walter Lee) and
732:series, starring
700:Ernestine Jackson
576:Columbia Pictures
564:Louis Gossett Jr.
469:, playing at the
401:Raisin in the Sun
361:Louis Gossett Jr.
162:
161:
137:Original language
18:Raisin in the Sun
16:(Redirected from
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2502:A Soldier's Play
2430:The Normal Heart
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1945:. Archived from
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1899:Purcell, Carey.
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1712:. 3 March 1996.
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982:Starletta DuPois
890:were producers.
809:Dean Hill – Bobo
788:Pat Bowie – Ruth
742:Starletta DuPois
672:Raisin (musical)
626:Fair Housing Act
622:Burke v. Kleiman
613:Hansberry v. Lee
606:
508:Meredith Edwards
381:– Travis Younger
294:as Karl Lindner.
173:that debuted on
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1101:Lenora Crichlow
1095:Nadine Marshall
1075:
1059:– Joseph Asagai
1036:Anika Noni Rose
1003:
939:Michael Buffong
935:
914:Phylicia Rashad
906:
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839:Phylicia Rashad
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706:(Beneatha) and
696:Virginia Capers
684:Robert Nemiroff
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471:Adelphi Theatre
463:
349:Lonne Elder III
345:– Joseph Asagai
320:Belasco Theatre
290:as Walter, and
268:
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208:The Independent
183:Langston Hughes
127:Place premiered
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2333:The Real Thing
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1767:on 2012-10-25.
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1097:– Ruth Younger
1092:
1091:– Lena Younger
1086:
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1054:
1051:
1050:– Karl Lindner
1045:
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1032:– Lena Younger
1027:
1026:– Ruth Younger
1024:Sophie Okonedo
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973:
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966:– Ruth Younger
943:Royal Exchange
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918:Audra McDonald
902:Main article:
899:
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860:
859:– Karl Lindner
854:
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841:– Lena Younger
836:
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833:Audra McDonald
830:
820:Royale Theatre
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694:(Walter Lee),
670:Main article:
667:
664:
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661:Other versions
659:
655:the Depression
651:Carl Hansberry
636:held that the
597:
595:
592:
552:Claudia McNeil
544:Sidney Poitier
532:Main article:
529:
526:
518:
517:
514:Lionel Ngakane
511:
510:– Karl Lindner
505:
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498:– Lena Younger
493:
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480:– Ruth Younger
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388:Douglas Turner
385:
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370:
369:– Lena Younger
367:Claudia McNeil
364:
358:
357:– Karl Lindner
352:
346:
340:
339:– Ruth Younger
334:
331:Sidney Poitier
324:Lloyd Richards
288:Sidney Poitier
280:Claudia McNeil
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1949:on 2017-04-08
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2180:Performances
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2077:. Retrieved
2066:
2054:
2043:. Retrieved
2032:
2022:
2011:. Retrieved
2000:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:
1962:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:the original
1937:
1929:
1915:
1895:
1882:
1871:. Retrieved
1856:
1845:. Retrieved
1834:
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1806:The Guardian
1805:
1796:
1788:
1773:
1765:the original
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1729:
1718:. Retrieved
1707:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1662:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1632:The Guardian
1630:
1620:
1609:. Retrieved
1598:
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1579:
1569:
1558:. Retrieved
1536:(1): 16–27.
1533:
1530:Modern Drama
1529:
1519:
1471:
1465:
1440:
1432:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:
1408:
1397:. Retrieved
1388:
1377:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:the original
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1326:
1245:
1231:Center Stage
1228:
1223:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1203:Bruce Norris
1200:
1187:
1164:
1126:
1083:Danny Sapani
1076:
1048:David Cromer
1004:
950:
936:
922:Sanaa Lathan
907:
898:2008 TV film
892:
888:Vivek Tiwary
884:David Binder
877:
845:Sanaa Lathan
817:
785:– Walter Lee
771:
750:Helen Martin
746:John Fiedler
738:Esther Rolle
734:Danny Glover
727:
721:
718:1989 TV film
708:Ralph Carter
704:Debbie Allen
677:
675:
666:1973 musical
641:
637:
621:
611:
609:
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568:John Fiedler
539:
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478:Kim Hamilton
464:
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425:The Guardian
423:
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390:– moving man
379:Glynn Turman
355:John Fiedler
309:
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284:Glynn Turman
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199:assimilation
165:
164:
163:
101:Mrs. Johnson
98:Karl Lindner
80:Ruth Younger
53:Random House
2526:Appropriate
2510:Take Me Out
2293:The Heiress
2207:(2008 film)
2191:(1961 film)
1978:13 February
1695:481 (1987).
1663:www.loc.gov
1173:, starring
1129:Arena Stage
1011:Tony Awards
964:Jenny Jules
945:Theatre in
688:Judd Woldin
556:Diana Sands
522:Jack Hylton
487:Earle Hyman
441:Tony Awards
395:Ossie Davis
373:Diana Sands
304:Philip Rose
286:as Travis,
244:straightens
2549:1959 plays
2543:Categories
2079:2023-01-12
2045:2023-01-12
2013:2023-01-12
1953:2017-04-08
1873:2014-05-05
1847:2016-09-24
1816:2016-09-24
1746:2014-01-07
1720:2017-03-23
1643:2018-02-25
1611:2018-03-22
1560:2011-04-14
1423:2020-04-16
1399:2020-04-16
1368:2014-01-07
1343:2014-01-07
1319:References
1089:Dona Croll
970:Ray Fearon
957:MEN Awards
947:Manchester
910:Sean Combs
880:Kenny Leon
827:Sean Combs
801:Ray Fearon
754:Emmy Award
692:Joe Morton
560:Ivan Dixon
410:Frank Rich
343:Ivan Dixon
250:medicine.
119:1959-03-11
104:Moving Men
71:Characters
61:Written by
2505:(2020/21)
2199:(musical)
1550:193243431
1222:entitled
1201:The 2010
937:In 2010,
908:In 2008,
851:Bill Nunn
783:Ray Shell
758:Bill Duke
638:Hansberry
528:1961 film
282:as Lena,
278:as Ruth,
2462:Skylight
2364:Henry IV
2073:Archived
2039:Archived
2007:Archived
1973:Playbill
1922:Archived
1904:Archived
1867:Archived
1841:Archived
1810:Archived
1781:Archived
1740:Archived
1738:. IBDB.
1714:Archived
1673:29 April
1667:Archived
1637:Archived
1605:Archived
1554:Archived
1504:Archived
1393:Archived
1337:Archived
1335:. IBDB.
1261:See also
744:(Ruth),
702:(Ruth),
698:(Mama),
548:Ruby Dee
467:West End
435:In 1960
337:Ruby Dee
312:Broadway
276:Ruby Dee
214:Time Out
175:Broadway
2215:Related
2100:at the
2034:Variety
1447:148–158
1281:Theatre
1267:Portals
314:at the
240:Nigeria
187:Chicago
153:Setting
140:English
117: (
2529:(2024)
2521:(2023)
2513:(2022)
2497:(2019)
2489:(2018)
2481:(2017)
2478:Jitney
2473:(2016)
2465:(2015)
2457:(2014)
2449:(2013)
2441:(2012)
2433:(2011)
2425:(2010)
2422:Fences
2417:(2009)
2409:(2008)
2401:(2007)
2393:(2006)
2385:(2005)
2377:(2004)
2373:Part 2
2369:Part 1
2360:(2003)
2352:(2002)
2344:(2001)
2336:(2000)
2328:(1999)
2320:(1998)
2312:(1997)
2304:(1996)
2296:(1995)
2288:(1994)
2196:Raisin
1548:
1478:
1453:
1044:– Bobo
920:, and
882:, and
853:– Bobo
779:– Mama
679:Raisin
632:. The
516:– Bobo
351:– Bobo
236:Yoruba
201:. The
197:, and
195:racism
179:Harlem
2127:from
1546:S2CID
1293:1950s
1237:Notes
1205:play
1191:'
642:Burke
145:Genre
55:1959)
2371:and
1980:2024
1675:2017
1476:ISBN
1451:ISBN
886:and
566:and
221:Plot
211:and
2169:'s
1930:BBC
1691:,"
1538:doi
726:'s
724:PBS
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