Knowledge (XXG)

Ralf Brown's Interrupt List

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182:, Matthias R. Paul, Robin Douglas Howard Walker, Wolfgang Lierz and Tamura Jones became major contributors to the project, providing information all over the list. The project was also expanded to include other PC development-related information and therefore absorbed a number of independently maintained lists on PC I/O ports (by Wim Osterholt and Matthias R. Paul), BIOS CMOS memory contents (by 280:
INTERRUP.LST 5.700.679 bytes, 151.173 lines FARCALL.LST 81.446 bytes, 2.178 lines MEMORY.LST 144.149 bytes, 3.606 lines PORTS.LST 879.133 bytes, 23.893 lines CMOS.LST 77.175 bytes, 2.015 lines I2C.LST 141.061 bytes, 3.563 lines OPCODES.LST 624.174
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The project is the result of the research and collaborative effort of more than 650 listed contributors worldwide over a period of 15 years, of which about 290 provided significant information (and some 55 of them even more than once). The original list was created in January 1985 by Janet Jack and
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Ralf Brown maintains an astounding file which is chock-full of detailed, absolutely-indispensable information for DOS programmers on Hardware, BIOS, DOS, and other interrupts. You should not be without this file, which is widely-known as "Ralf Brown's Interrupt List". Ask about it. You will find
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in June 1991, the distribution split into several files following an INTERrrp.ZIP naming scheme (with rr = revision starting with 26 for version 91.3, and p = part indicator of the package starting with letter A). Officially named "MS-DOS Interrupt List" and "x86 Interrupt List" (abbreviated as
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era. Parts of the compiled information have been used for and in the creation of several books on systems programming, some of which have also been translated into Chinese, Japanese and Russian. As such the compilation has proven to be an important resource in developing various closed and open
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While the project is not officially abandoned and the website is still maintained (as of 2023), new releases have not been forthcoming for a very long time, despite the fact that information was still pending for release even before the INTER61 release in 2000. New releases were planned for at
186:), processor opcodes (by Alex V. Potemkin) and bugs (by Harald Feldmann). Brown and Paul also conducted several systematic surveys on specific hard- and software details among a number of dedicated user groups in order to validate some info and to help fill some gaps in the list. 226:
several times in 2001 and 2002, but when they did not materialize, portions of the new information on DOS and PC internals provided by Paul were circulated in preliminary form in the development community for peer-review and to assist in operating system development.
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An enormous listing of DOS and BIOS interrupt calls, many undocumented and program-specific. Quite simply, some of Snooper's reports wouldn't be there without it. Very useful in that it reports bugs and incompatibilities books rarely mention. And it's
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tables, fully cross linked, which would result in more than 3700 pages (at 60 lines per page) of condensed information when printed. Of this, the interrupt list itself makes up some 5.5 MB for more than 2500 pages printed.
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bytes, 33.936 lines MSR.LST 81.345 bytes, 2.190 lines SMM.LST 7.939 bytes, 291 lines 86BUGS.LST 119.004 bytes, 3.004 lines 7.856.105 bytes, 225.849 lines
122:, incompatibilities, shortcomings, and workarounds, with version, locale, and date information, often at a detail level far beyond that found in the contemporary literature. A large part of it covers 193:. The distribution file name was changed to include a version in the form INTERnyy (with n = issue number, and yy = 2-digit release year) in 1988. In mid 1989 the distribution settled to only use 178:. Information from several other interrupt listings was merged into the list in order to establish one comprehensive reference compilation. Over the years, Michael A. Shiels, 1127: 703: 1468: 1923: 1799: 1502: 1402: 2029: 1702: 1439: 859: 1901: 1833: 1569: 1532: 811: 771: 361: 565: 448: 563: 446: 1363: 1867: 1765: 1268: 1231: 1194: 1668: 418:
Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1
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of descriptions of interrupt and function calls on the IBM PC. A great thing to have on your hard disk if you don't have a Ray Duncan or
202:"INTER") by its maintainer, the community coined the unofficial name "Ralf Brown's Interrupt List" (abbreviated as "RBIL") in the 1990s. 1995: 1965: 1599: 366: 342: 340: 338: 336: 334: 332: 1732: 2046: 1098: 1054: 1010: 969: 928: 887: 851: 803: 763: 576: 459: 689: 344: 175: 1634: 1157: 158:. Today it is still used as a reference to BIOS calls and to develop programs for DOS as well as other system-level software. 1297: 189:
Originally, the list was distributed in an archive named INTERRUP in various compression formats as well as in the form of
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Uninterrupted Interrupts: A programmer's CD-ROM reference to network APIs and to BIOS, DOS, and third-party calls
75: 1889: 1821: 1557: 67: 2100: 568: 1351: 1326: 162:
others, and, named "Interrupt List for MS-DOS", it was subsequently maintained and mailed to requestors on
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Jack, Janet; Weaver Jr., John; Cooper, John; Gilbrech, Skip; Kyle, Jim; Jack, Bob (April 1985) .
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PC interrupt services and application program interfaces (Operating system entries): INT 20h–30h
1897: 1829: 1565: 1183:"List of DOS Interrupts (Interrupt List for MS-DOS (2.xx only - With some notes on DOS 3.xx))" 1094: 1050: 1006: 965: 924: 883: 861:(NB. This corresponds to the networking portions of INTER37 with some additions from INTER38.) 847: 799: 759: 695: 685: 681: 669: 621: 613: 572: 544: 455: 427: 370: 167: 146: 142: 2021: 1927: 1893: 1859: 1825: 1791: 1757: 1694: 1660: 1561: 1494: 1431: 1394: 1355: 1260: 1223: 1186: 250: 103: 2101:"Ralf Brown's Interrupt List: Indexed HTML Version - Release 61: A Gift to DOS Programmers" 665: 1788:"Re: Suche freien Speicherbereich unterhalb von 1 MB, der nicht von OS überschrieben wird" 996:
PC zhōngduàn fúwù cháng shì yìngyòng ruǎntǐ jièmiàn hūjiào dàquán (gōngyòng chéngshì piān)
733: 571:. Contains a hypertext version of INTER490 aka INTER22. A Chinese translation exist under 119: 1626: 1725:"Re: [fd-dev] On GRAFTABL and DISPLAY.SYS (Was: Changing codepages in FreeDOS)" 1359: 879: 843: 795: 755: 677: 540: 536:
Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures
423: 416: 55: 43: 2123: 1592:"[fd-dev] FYI: RBIL62 schedule / Contributing to Ralf Brown's Interrupt List" 955:
PC zhōngduàn fúwù cháng shì yìngyòng ruǎntǐ jièmiàn hūjiào dàquán (zuòyè xìtǒng piān)
365:. Trends & News / aktuell - Prozessoren (in German). Vol. 1996, no. 6. 107: 59: 1863: 1761: 1264: 1227: 1190: 1153: 642: 526: 1664: 1293: 205:
The publication is currently at revision 61 as of 17 July 2000 with almost 8 
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until 1986. Since October 1987 it is maintained by Ralf D. Brown, a researcher at
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PC interrupt services and application program interfaces (Utilities): INT 31h–FFh
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In the past, the Ralf Brown interrupt list was the Bible of DOS virus analysis.
534: 2072: 638: 450:(NB. This includes a repackaged version of INTER36. For the first edition see 617: 374: 2076: 1460: 1347: 1318: 1289: 1079: 1035: 1017:(488 pages) (NB. This translation of INTER26 is part of a three-volume set: 976:(704 pages) (NB. This translation of INTER26 is part of a three-volume set: 935:(516 pages) (NB. This translation of INTER26 is part of a three-volume set: 871: 835: 787: 747: 625: 530: 411: 312: 39: 792:
PC Interrupts: A Programmer's Reference to BIOS, DOS, and Third-Party Calls
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PC Interrupts: A Programmer's Reference to BIOS, DOS, and Third-Party Calls
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system developers, analysts, as well as application programmers in the pre-
2064: 316: 206: 111: 87: 813:(NB. A Russian translation of this edition is available in two volumes: 240: 155: 135: 47: 921:
PC interrupt services and application program interfaces: INT 00h–1Fh
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PC zhōngduàn fúwù cháng shì yìngyòng ruǎntǐ jièmiàn hūjiào dàquán
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compression. When the archive reached the size of a 360 KB
190: 131: 127: 79: 63: 2018:"Fix for CauseWay DOS extender under DR-DOS 7.0x EMM386.EXE" 840:
Network Interrupts: A Programmer's Reference to Network APIs
2092:(NB. Delorie Software's HTML-converted version of INTER61.) 902:", updated to include information added through INTER42.) 2116:(NB. Computer Tyme's HTML-converted version of INTER61.) 1657:"CP/M-86 info and ancient PC hardware stuff for RBIL62?" 414:; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) . 562:(xviii+694+viii pages, two 5.25-inch floppies) Errata: 1128:"The past, present, and future of the FreeDOS Project" 1551: 1549: 1465:"Interrupt list diffs INTERRUP.1ST v89.1 -> v89.2" 270: 268: 266: 16:
Comprehensive list of features of x86-based computers
923:] (in Chinese). Vol. 1 (1 ed.). 儒林出版. 1084:
Spravochnik po preryvaniyam dlya IBM PC: V 2 t. T.2
1040:
Spravochnik po preryvaniyam dlya IBM PC: V 2 t. T.1
580: 451: 1005:] (in Chinese). Vol. 3 (1 ed.). 儒林. 964:] (in Chinese). Vol. 2 (1 ed.). 儒林. 525:Schulman, Andrew; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim; 415: 355:Stiller, Andreas; Paul, Matthias R. (1996-05-12). 1421: 1419: 1087:Справочник по прерываниям для IBM РС: В 2 т. Т.2. 1043:Справочник по прерываниям для IBM РС: В 2 т. Т.1. 1620: 1618: 894:(NB. The CD-ROM contains the full text of both " 1384: 1382: 1380: 1105:(NB. This translation of the first edition of " 1061:(NB. This translation of the first edition of " 1093:] (in Russian). Vol. 2 (1 ed.). 1049:] (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1 ed.). 674:The Art of Computer Virus Research and Defense 445:(xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5-inch floppy) Errata: 1691:"Re: Remote filesystem implementation in DOS" 1106: 1062: 895: 822: 774: 8: 598:Turbo Technix - the Borland Language Journal 1391:"Identifying various IBM machines for RBIL" 274:Contents of INTER release 61 (as formatted 126:and internals of operating systems such as 1988:"Re: [fd-dev] NLS and lowercase" 1890:"Re: COM style files larger than 64 Kb?" 307: 305: 303: 301: 299: 899: 492: 490: 295: 262: 729: 719: 470: 468: 454:. A Japanese translation exists under 141:It has been a widely used resource by 1856:"Re: masm .com (PSP) related trouble" 1755:"Re: Reading Ctrl, Alt and Shifts..." 604:(5). Scotts Valley, California, USA: 7: 150:source operating systems, including 1958:"Re: [fd-dev] Codepage IDs" 648:(NB. About the 1988-01-30 version ( 477:SNOOPER documentation (SNOOPER.DOC) 367:Verlag Heinz Heise GmbH & Co KG 14: 362:c't – magazin für computertechnik 138:, as well as their interactions. 2016:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-04-01). 1986:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-09-05). 1956:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-11-21). 1922:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-05-14). 1888:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-10-09). 1854:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-10-07). 1820:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-10-07). 1786:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-08-13). 1753:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-09-06). 1723:Paul, Matthias R. (2001-08-18). 1689:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-10-05). 1655:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-05-15). 1625:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-04-03). 1590:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-02-19). 1556:Paul, Matthias R. (2001-10-25). 1523:Paul, Matthias R. (2001-05-27). 1489:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-07-01). 1426:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-02-21). 1389:Paul, Matthias R. (2002-06-30). 90:), most of it still applying to 70:addresses, as well as processor 2083:from the original on 2017-08-22 2032:from the original on 2018-09-19 1998:from the original on 2017-09-04 1968:from the original on 2017-09-04 1904:from the original on 2017-09-03 1870:from the original on 2017-09-03 1836:from the original on 2017-09-03 1802:from the original on 2017-09-04 1768:from the original on 2017-09-03 1735:from the original on 2017-09-04 1705:from the original on 2017-09-03 1671:from the original on 2017-09-03 1637:from the original on 2017-09-09 1627:"[fd-dev] Ctrl+Alt+Del" 1602:from the original on 2017-09-03 1572:from the original on 2017-09-03 1535:from the original on 2017-09-03 1505:from the original on 2017-09-04 1471:from the original on 2017-09-02 1442:from the original on 2019-04-20 1405:from the original on 2017-09-04 1366:from the original on 2017-09-04 1329:from the original on 2017-08-22 1300:from the original on 2017-09-01 1294:"Interrupt List (INTERRUP.TXT)" 1271:from the original on 2017-09-04 1234:from the original on 2017-09-04 1220:"New DOS Interrupt List Posted" 1197:from the original on 2017-09-04 1160:from the original on 2017-08-24 1110: 1066: 1022: 1018: 981: 977: 940: 936: 818: 814: 706:from the original on 2020-03-06 381:from the original on 2017-08-28 323:from the original on 2017-08-22 176:Language Technologies Institute 1091:Interrupt handbook for IBM PCs 1047:Interrupt handbook for IBM PCs 770:(1210 pages + floppy) Errata: 655:bytes) of the interrupt list.) 1: 2077:"Ralf Brown's Interrupt List" 612:: 157–158. July–August 1988. 38:) is a comprehensive list of 2049:functions of DR-DOS EMM386.) 750:; Kyle, Jim (January 1994). 1525:"Re: A real or a RAM disk?" 1428:"GEOS/NDO info for RBIL62?" 610:Borland International, Inc. 86:up to 2000 (including many 20:Ralf Brown's Interrupt List 2161: 2041:(NB. Details some private 1932:de.comp.lang.assembler.x86 1796:de.comp.lang.assembler.x86 1558:"Re: Change \ to / in DOS" 1499:de.comp.lang.assembler.x86 999:PC中斷服務常式應用軟體介面呼叫大全 (公用程式篇) 958:PC中斷服務常式應用軟體介面呼叫大全 (作業系統篇) 874:; Kyle, Jim (1994-11-01). 172:Carnegie Mellon University 76:special function registers 1924:"Re: Probleme mit INT 9h" 1399:comp.sys.ibm.ps2.hardware 2026:comp.os.msdos.programmer 1699:comp.os.msdos.programmer 1323:"Ralf Brown's Home Page" 1292:, ed. (November 1987) . 1257:"Re: Help with SWITCHAR" 1086: 1042: 998: 957: 916: 898:" (second edition) and " 628:. ark:/13960/s280w71575k 317:"The x86 Interrupt List" 213:text including close to 1436:comp.os.geos.programmer 1253:Greenberg, Ross Matthew 1216:Greenberg, Ross Matthew 1179:Greenberg, Ross Matthew 777:for the first edition.) 670:"15.2.2 Knowledge Base" 569:Jolt Productivity Award 82:machines from the 1981 1491:"Re: Tastatur-Problem" 1352:"Call for Information" 825:is available as well.) 606:Borland Communications 583:is available as well.) 553:. ark:/13960/t14n8vs6f 497:Davis, Robert Curtis, 436:. ark:/13960/t5z646257 184:Atley Padgett Peterson 180:Timothy Patrick Farley 118:information including 114:; both documented and 1154:"Interrupt Structure" 315:, ed. (2002-12-29) . 246:INT (x86 instruction) 32:MS-DOS Interrupt List 2145:History of computing 2103:. 61. Archived from 2099:, ed. (2000-07-17). 2075:, ed. (2000-07-17). 1898:alt.msdos.programmer 1830:alt.msdos.programmer 1822:"Re: Run a COM file" 1566:alt.msdos.programmer 1082:; Kyle, Jim (1994). 1038:; Kyle, Jim (1994). 858:(730 pages) Errata: 790:; Kyle, Jim (1991). 594:"TURBO C: INTER.ARC" 357:"Prozessorgeflüster" 596:. Turbo Resources. 236:BIOS interrupt call 217:entries plus about 2140:IBM PC compatibles 917:PC中斷服務常式應用軟體介面呼叫大全 900:Network Interrupts 410:Schulman, Andrew; 110:, and application 92:IBM PC compatibles 28:x86 Interrupt List 682:Pearson Education 668:(February 2005). 550:978-0-201-57064-9 433:978-0-201-63287-3 168:Ross M. Greenberg 104:operating systems 2152: 2135:X86 architecture 2115: 2113: 2112: 2091: 2089: 2088: 2068: 2067: 2065:Official website 2050: 2040: 2038: 2037: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1973: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1934:. Archived from 1919: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1622: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1587: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1553: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1476: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1423: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1386: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1334: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1286: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1175: 1169: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1130:. Archived from 1120: 1114: 1104: 1076: 1070: 1060: 1032: 1026: 1016: 991: 985: 975: 950: 944: 934: 909: 903: 893: 868: 862: 857: 842:(1st ed.). 832: 826: 809: 784: 778: 769: 744: 738: 737: 731: 727: 725: 717: 712: 711: 662: 656: 654: 653: 647: 634: 633: 590: 584: 561: 559: 558: 529:; Maxey, David; 522: 507: 506: 494: 485: 484: 472: 463: 444: 442: 441: 421: 407: 390: 389: 387: 386: 352: 346: 331: 329: 328: 309: 283: 272: 251:Malware analysis 220: 216: 102:The list covers 2160: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2120: 2119: 2110: 2108: 2095: 2086: 2084: 2071: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2054: 2053: 2035: 2033: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2001: 1999: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1969: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1907: 1905: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1873: 1871: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1839: 1837: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1805: 1803: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1771: 1769: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1738: 1736: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1708: 1706: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1640: 1638: 1624: 1623: 1616: 1605: 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292: 287: 286: 282: 273: 264: 259: 232: 218: 214: 100: 56:data structures 17: 12: 11: 5: 2158: 2156: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2093: 2069: 2058: 2057:External links 2055: 2052: 2051: 2008: 1978: 1948: 1914: 1880: 1846: 1812: 1778: 1745: 1715: 1681: 1647: 1614: 1582: 1545: 1515: 1481: 1463:(1989-04-30). 1461:Brown, Ralf D. 1452: 1415: 1376: 1350:(1989-04-07). 1348:Brown, Ralf D. 1339: 1321:(2008-04-04). 1319:Brown, Ralf D. 1310: 1290:Brown, Ralf D. 1281: 1255:(1986-03-10). 1244: 1218:(1985-07-30). 1207: 1181:(1985-07-30). 1170: 1144: 1126:(2002-03-25). 1115: 1099: 1080:Brown, Ralf D. 1071: 1055: 1036:Brown, Ralf D. 1027: 1011: 986: 970: 945: 929: 904: 888: 880:Addison Wesley 872:Brown, Ralf D. 863: 852: 844:Addison Wesley 838:(March 1994). 836:Brown, Ralf D. 827: 823:second edition 804: 796:Addison Wesley 794:(1 ed.). 788:Brown, Ralf D. 779: 764: 756:Addison Wesley 754:(2 ed.). 748:Brown, Ralf D. 739: 690: 678:Symantec Press 676:(1 ed.). 657: 585: 581:second edition 549: 541:Addison Wesley 539:(1 ed.). 531:Brown, Ralf D. 508: 486: 464: 432: 424:Addison Wesley 422:(2 ed.). 412:Brown, Ralf D. 391: 369:. p. 20. 347: 313:Brown, Ralf D. 294: 293: 291: 288: 285: 284: 279: 261: 260: 258: 255: 254: 253: 248: 243: 238: 231: 228: 108:device drivers 99: 96: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2157: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2107:on 2017-08-24 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2048: 2044: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2012: 2009: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1982: 1979: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1949: 1938:on 2017-09-04 1937: 1933: 1929: 1926:(in German). 1925: 1918: 1915: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1881: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1847: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1816: 1813: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1790:(in German). 1789: 1782: 1779: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1749: 1746: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1719: 1716: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1685: 1682: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1651: 1648: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1612: 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881: 877: 873: 867: 864: 860: 855: 853:0-201-62644-6 849: 845: 841: 837: 831: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 807: 805:0-201-57797-6 801: 797: 793: 789: 783: 780: 776: 772: 767: 765:0-201-62485-0 761: 757: 753: 749: 743: 740: 735: 723: 716: 705: 701: 697: 693: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 661: 658: 646: 644: 640: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 589: 586: 582: 578: 577:7-302-01071-4 574: 570: 566: 564: 552: 546: 542: 538: 537: 532: 528: 527:Paterson, Tim 521: 519: 517: 515: 513: 509: 505: 500: 493: 491: 487: 483: 478: 471: 469: 465: 461: 460:4-89052-629-3 457: 453: 449: 447: 435: 429: 425: 420: 419: 413: 406: 404: 402: 400: 398: 396: 392: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 363: 358: 351: 348: 345: 343: 341: 339: 337: 335: 333: 322: 318: 314: 308: 306: 304: 302: 300: 296: 289: 277: 271: 269: 267: 263: 256: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 233: 229: 227: 223: 212: 208: 203: 200: 196: 192: 187: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 159: 157: 153: 148: 144: 139: 137: 133: 129: 125: 124:system BIOSes 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 97: 95: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 60:CMOS settings 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 25: 21: 2109:. Retrieved 2105:the original 2097:Perkel, Marc 2085:. Retrieved 2034:. Retrieved 2011: 2000:. Retrieved 1991: 1981: 1970:. Retrieved 1961: 1951: 1940:. Retrieved 1936:the original 1917: 1906:. Retrieved 1883: 1872:. Retrieved 1864:alt.lang.asm 1849: 1838:. Retrieved 1815: 1804:. Retrieved 1781: 1770:. Retrieved 1762:alt.lang.asm 1748: 1737:. Retrieved 1728: 1718: 1707:. Retrieved 1684: 1673:. Retrieved 1650: 1639:. Retrieved 1630: 1604:. Retrieved 1595: 1585: 1574:. Retrieved 1537:. Retrieved 1528: 1518: 1507:. Retrieved 1484: 1473:. Retrieved 1455: 1444:. Retrieved 1407:. Retrieved 1368:. Retrieved 1342: 1331:. Retrieved 1313: 1302:. Retrieved 1284: 1273:. Retrieved 1265:net.micro.pc 1247: 1236:. Retrieved 1228:net.micro.pc 1210: 1199:. Retrieved 1191:net.micro.pc 1173: 1162:. Retrieved 1147: 1136:. Retrieved 1132:the original 1118: 1090: 1083: 1074: 1046: 1039: 1030: 1002: 995: 989: 961: 954: 948: 920: 913: 907: 875: 866: 839: 830: 791: 782: 751: 742: 714: 708:. Retrieved 691:0-67233390-2 673: 660: 643:Peter Norton 636: 630:. Retrieved 601: 597: 588: 555:. Retrieved 535: 502: 499:TBONES07.DOC 498: 480: 476: 438:. Retrieved 417: 383:. Retrieved 360: 350: 325:. Retrieved 224: 204: 188: 160: 140: 116:undocumented 101: 35: 31: 27: 23: 19: 18: 2073:Delorie, DJ 1992:freedos-dev 1962:freedos-dev 1729:freedos-dev 1665:comp.os.cpm 1631:freedos-dev 1596:freedos-dev 994:布朗 (1992). 953:布朗 (1992). 912:布朗 (1992). 730:|work= 666:Szőr, Péter 645:book handy. 567:(NB. Won a 2130:Interrupts 2124:Categories 2111:2017-08-24 2087:2017-08-22 2036:2018-09-19 2002:2017-09-04 1972:2017-09-04 1942:2017-09-04 1908:2017-09-03 1874:2017-09-03 1840:2017-09-03 1806:2017-09-03 1772:2017-09-03 1739:2017-09-04 1709:2017-09-03 1675:2017-09-03 1641:2017-09-09 1606:2017-09-03 1576:2017-09-03 1539:2017-09-03 1531:. Topica. 1509:2017-09-04 1475:2017-09-01 1446:2019-04-20 1409:2017-09-04 1370:2017-09-04 1333:2011-10-14 1304:2017-09-01 1275:2017-09-04 1238:2017-09-04 1201:2017-09-04 1164:2017-08-24 1138:2015-01-23 1111:two-volume 1067:two-volume 878:(CD-ROM). 710:2020-03-06 700:2004114972 639:cornucopia 632:2023-06-23 557:2022-11-26 440:2022-11-26 385:2017-08-28 327:2011-10-14 290:References 52:interfaces 40:interrupts 2022:Newsgroup 1928:Newsgroup 1894:Newsgroup 1860:Newsgroup 1826:Newsgroup 1792:Newsgroup 1758:Newsgroup 1695:Newsgroup 1661:Newsgroup 1562:Newsgroup 1495:Newsgroup 1432:Newsgroup 1395:Newsgroup 1356:Newsgroup 1261:Newsgroup 1224:Newsgroup 1187:Newsgroup 1124:Hall, Jim 732:ignored ( 722:cite book 618:0893-827X 375:0724-8679 2081:Archived 2030:Archived 1996:Archived 1966:Archived 1902:Archived 1868:Archived 1834:Archived 1800:Archived 1766:Archived 1733:Archived 1703:Archived 1669:Archived 1635:Archived 1600:Archived 1570:Archived 1533:Archived 1503:Archived 1469:Archived 1440:Archived 1403:Archived 1364:Archived 1327:Archived 1298:Archived 1269:Archived 1232:Archived 1195:Archived 1158:Archived 810:Errata: 704:Archived 626:15650918 533:(1990). 479:, 1.07, 379:Archived 321:Archived 230:See also 112:software 98:Overview 2024::  1930::  1896::  1862::  1828::  1794::  1760::  1697::  1663::  1564::  1497::  1434::  1397::  1358::  1263::  1226::  1189::  241:DOS API 156:FreeDOS 147:Windows 136:Windows 94:today. 72:opcodes 2079:. 61. 1529:fd-dev 1097:  1053:  1009:  968:  927:  886:  850:  802:  762:  698:  688:  624:  616:  575:  547:  458:  430:  373:  278:text): 199:floppy 164:Usenet 143:IBM PC 134:, and 88:clones 84:IBM PC 64:memory 1113:set.) 1089:[ 1069:set.) 1045:[ 1001:[ 960:[ 919:[ 482:free! 276:ASCII 257:Notes 211:ASCII 191:diffs 152:Linux 48:hooks 44:calls 36:INTER 22:(aka 2047:VCPI 2043:DPMI 1095:ISBN 1051:ISBN 1007:ISBN 966:ISBN 925:ISBN 884:ISBN 848:ISBN 821:. A 800:ISBN 775:here 760:ISBN 734:help 696:LCCN 686:ISBN 622:OCLC 614:ISSN 579:. A 573:ISBN 545:ISBN 504:it." 456:ISBN 452:here 428:ISBN 371:ISSN 219:5400 215:9600 154:and 132:OS/2 120:bugs 78:for 74:and 68:port 66:and 24:RBIL 652:728 209:of 195:ZIP 174:'s 166:by 128:DOS 80:x86 34:or 2126:: 2028:. 2020:. 1994:. 1990:. 1964:. 1960:. 1900:. 1892:. 1866:. 1858:. 1832:. 1824:. 1798:. 1764:. 1731:. 1727:. 1701:. 1693:. 1667:. 1659:. 1633:. 1629:. 1617:^ 1598:. 1594:. 1568:. 1560:. 1548:^ 1527:. 1501:. 1467:. 1438:. 1430:. 1418:^ 1401:. 1393:. 1379:^ 1362:. 1354:. 1325:. 1296:. 1267:. 1259:. 1230:. 1222:. 1193:. 1185:. 1156:. 1025:.) 1021:, 984:.) 980:, 943:.) 939:, 882:. 846:. 817:, 798:. 758:. 726:: 724:}} 720:{{ 713:. 702:. 694:. 680:/ 672:. 650:73 637:A 620:. 608:/ 600:. 543:. 511:^ 501:, 489:^ 467:^ 462:.) 426:. 394:^ 377:. 359:. 298:^ 265:^ 207:MB 130:, 106:, 62:, 58:, 54:, 50:, 46:, 42:, 30:, 26:, 2114:. 2090:. 2045:/ 2039:. 2005:. 1975:. 1945:. 1911:. 1877:. 1843:. 1809:. 1775:. 1742:. 1712:. 1678:. 1644:. 1609:. 1579:. 1542:. 1512:. 1478:. 1449:. 1412:. 1373:. 1336:. 1307:. 1278:. 1241:. 1204:. 1167:. 1141:. 1103:. 1059:. 1023:2 1019:1 1015:. 982:3 978:1 974:. 941:3 937:2 933:. 892:. 856:. 819:2 815:1 808:. 768:. 736:) 602:1 560:. 443:. 388:. 330:.

Index

interrupts
calls
hooks
interfaces
data structures
CMOS settings
memory
port
opcodes
special function registers
x86
IBM PC
clones
IBM PC compatibles
operating systems
device drivers
software
undocumented
bugs
system BIOSes
DOS
OS/2
Windows
IBM PC
Windows
Linux
FreeDOS
Usenet
Ross M. Greenberg
Carnegie Mellon University

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