1087:
34:
1043:. In contrast, Ramesses I's son and successor, Seti I, assumed the throne five months later after the erection of this stela on III Shemu day 24 which means that Ramesses I had a minimum reign of 17 months (or one year and five months). However, based on a papyrus document published by Robert J. Demarée in a 2023 publication, Demarée argues that Ramesses I's predecessor, Horemheb, died on III Shemu 22 based on evidence in Papyrus Turin Cat. 1898 + Cat. 1937 + Cat. 2094/244, which is a journal diary. If confirmed, this would mean that Ramesses I actually had a reign of approximately two full years since he would have ascended to the throne around III Shemu 23 soon after Horemheb's death on III Shemu 22 and died about two years later around the very same day since Ramesses I's son, Seti I, succeeded his father on III Shemu 24.
996:
1008:
716:
660:
583:
531:
205:
854:
1086:
33:
1094:
A mummy currently believed to be that of
Ramesses I was displayed in a private Canadian museum for many years before being repatriated. The mummy's identity cannot be conclusively determined, but is most likely to be that of Ramesses I based on CT scans, X-rays, skull measurements and radio-carbon
1059:
states that
Ramesses I's tomb consisted of a single corridor and one unfinished room whose walls, after a hurried coat of plaster, were painted to show the king with his gods, with Osiris allowed a prominent position. The red granite sarcophagus too was painted rather than carved with inscriptions
1046:
Ramesses I's only known action was to order the provision of endowments for the aforementioned Nubian temple at Buhen and "the construction of a chapel and a temple (which was to be finished by his son) at Abydos." The aged
Ramesses was buried in the Valley of the Kings. His tomb, discovered by
1031:'s Aegyptiaca, Manetho assigns this king a reign of 16 months, but this pharaoh certainly ruled Egypt for a minimum of 17 months based on his highest-known date which is a Year 2 II Peret day 20 (Louvre C57) stela which ordered the provision of new endowments of food and priests for the
1018:
Ramesses I enjoyed a brief reign, as evidenced by the general paucity of contemporary monuments mentioning him: the king had little time to build any major buildings in his reign and was hurriedly buried in a small and hastily finished tomb. According to the Jewish historian
1138:
purchased the contents of the museum and, with the help of
Canadian egyptologist Gayle Gibson, identified their great value. In 1999, Jamieson sold the Egyptian artifacts in the collection, including the various mummies, to the
939:
and, ultimately, pharaoh. Since
Horemheb had no surviving children, he ultimately chose Ramesses to be his heir in the final years of his reign presumably because Ramesses I was both an able administrator and had a son
1130:
next to other curiosities for more than 130 years. The mummy was displayed as a "A Prince of Egypt" but despite occasional speculation from visitors that he might be exactly that nothing further was done.
975:, to serve as the Crown Prince and chosen successor. Seti was charged with undertaking several military operations during this time—in particular, an attempt to recoup some of Egypt's lost possessions in
1090:
Fragment of a stela showing Amun enthroned. Mut, wearing the double crown, stands behind him. Both are being offered by
Ramesses I, now lost. From Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
1099:, as well as aesthetic interpretations of family resemblance. Moreover, the mummy's arms were found crossed high across his chest which was a position reserved solely for Egyptian royalty until 600 BC.
1308:. In: R. Jasnow and K.M. Cooney (Ed.) with the assistance of K.E. Davis, Joyful in Thebes Egyptological Studies in Honor of Betsy M. Bryan (Material and Visual Culture of Ancient Egypt 1), Atlanta.
5316:
5321:
5232:
1642:
971:, and is usually realised as Ramessu or Ramesses, meaning 'Ra bore him'. Already an old man when he was crowned, Ramesses appointed his son, the later pharaoh
931:
Horemheb himself had been a nobleman from outside the immediate royal family, who rose through the ranks of the
Egyptian army to serve as the royal advisor to
1567:
1486:
5247:
5242:
1147:, Georgia for US$ 2 million. The mummy was returned to Egypt on October 24, 2003, with full official honors and is on display at the Luxor Museum.
1118:
who brought it to North
America around 1860. Douglas used to purchase Egyptian antiquities for his friend Sydney Barnett who then placed it in the
5222:
5217:
848:
5336:
5227:
5207:
295:
5212:
5202:
2982:
2770:
5191:
3952:
3668:
2536:
1796:
1770:
1222:
831:, who had stabilized Egypt in the late 18th Dynasty, and the rule of the powerful pharaohs of his own dynasty, in particular his son
5331:
5311:
1711:
1390:
312:
827:. While Ramesses I was the founder of the 19th Dynasty, his brief reign mainly serves to mark the transition between the reign of
421:
1157:
1448:
690:
684:
637:
509:
438:
435:
426:
418:
314:
304:
301:
298:
290:
288:
263:
168:
165:
162:
4444:
693:
687:
602:
474:
410:
349:
307:
224:
177:
174:
95:
86:
995:
681:
554:
552:
415:
413:
5237:
4494:
4221:
4077:
1508:
1423:
1261:
640:
560:
559:
557:
512:
432:
385:
310:
292:
182:
180:
171:
160:
131:
423:
4790:
4580:
4512:
4377:
4244:
4154:
3967:
2085:
1170:
1254:
Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten : die
Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr
4362:
4299:
3582:
1487:
The
Monuments of Seti I and their Historical Significance: Epigraphic, Art and Historical Analysis (PDF) 1998 pp.339-341
38:
Stone head carving of Paramessu (Ramesses I), originally part of a statue depicting him as a scribe; on display at the
5341:
4723:
3832:
3744:
3229:
3006:
2997:
1571:
1115:
905:
816:
792:
39:
1650:
1066:, his son and successor, later built a small chapel with fine reliefs in memory of his deceased father Ramesses I at
1722:
868:
Originally called Pa-ra-mes-su, Ramesses I was of non-royal birth, being born into a noble military family from the
5257:
4552:
3885:
3622:
3449:
3381:
1963:
1075:
5073:
2844:
1122:. At the time, the identity of the mummified man was unknown. The mummy remained in the museum through moves to
5326:
2918:
2689:
2551:
1743:
1140:
952:
1575:
4758:
4673:
4650:
2967:
2829:
2766:
2555:
2355:
2171:
1249:
1123:
5262:
5252:
4800:
4779:
4698:
3612:
3472:
3082:
2716:
2676:
2470:
2412:
2296:
2100:
1763:
1127:
1110:
by the Abd el-Rassul family of grave robbers and sold by Turkish vice-consular agent Mustapha Aga Ayat at
909:
5272:
4748:
4713:
4693:
4683:
4645:
3149:
2503:
964:
862:
3245:
900:, an important state post. This shows the high status of Ramesses' family. Ramesses I found favor with
920:—as such, he would have played an important role in the restoration of the old religion following the
4773:
4728:
4101:
3729:
3664:
3517:
3512:
3219:
3214:
3067:
2493:
2281:
2160:
1119:
1071:
980:
979:. Ramesses appears to have taken charge of domestic matters: most memorably, he completed the second
893:
5306:
4763:
4738:
4703:
4640:
4015:
3990:
3194:
3189:
2613:
2044:
54:
625:
497:
5053:
5040:
4617:
3627:
3199:
3174:
2241:
2016:
1549:
1343:
1335:
1188:
999:
Reliefs from the Abydos chapel of Ramesses I. The chapel was specifically built and dedicated by
1215:
Chronicle of the Pharaohs the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt
5108:
5087:
4981:
4948:
4660:
3995:
3617:
3497:
3119:
3047:
2705:
2508:
2498:
2430:
1756:
1707:
1514:
1504:
1429:
1419:
1396:
1386:
1365:
1292:
1267:
1257:
1228:
1218:
5287:
5114:
4942:
4708:
4462:
4045:
3342:
3238:
3179:
2603:
2583:
1541:
1460:
1327:
1180:
1096:
1048:
881:
764:
5059:
5029:
4988:
4924:
4668:
4598:
4468:
3807:
3462:
3184:
2578:
2216:
2184:
2023:
1176:
1056:
1032:
897:
5267:
5155:
4953:
4914:
4632:
4588:
4457:
3541:
3467:
3297:
3169:
3129:
2877:
2729:
2694:
2684:
2618:
2573:
2455:
2450:
2030:
2009:
1975:
1135:
1107:
1024:
959:, which is usually interpreted as Menpehtyre, meaning "Established by the strength of
5300:
4834:
4733:
4565:
4535:
4211:
4066:
3923:
3792:
3632:
3607:
3557:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3144:
2951:
2882:
2872:
2734:
2488:
2236:
2179:
2132:
1969:
1928:
1671:
1347:
1067:
812:
4919:
4753:
4743:
4718:
4570:
4520:
4479:
4205:
4117:
4005:
3918:
3898:
3817:
3782:
3777:
3602:
3312:
3134:
3124:
3087:
3042:
2956:
2946:
2936:
2852:
2568:
2445:
2254:
2195:
2055:
2002:
1907:
936:
819:. The dates for his short reign are not completely known but the timeline of late
1055:, is small in size and gives the impression of having been completed with haste.
5023:
4968:
4819:
4768:
4688:
4560:
4452:
4434:
4392:
4303:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4138:
4122:
4095:
4060:
4050:
3985:
3938:
3928:
3913:
3903:
3850:
3812:
3787:
3767:
3757:
3523:
3507:
3482:
3477:
3277:
3204:
3114:
3097:
3052:
3027:
2961:
2941:
2926:
2908:
2638:
2633:
2440:
2267:
2247:
2061:
1995:
1986:
1870:
1699:
1184:
1134:
When the owner of the museum decided to sell his property, Canadian businessman
1060:
which, due to their hasty preparation, included a number of unfortunate errors.
945:
932:
917:
913:
885:
836:
5140:
5094:
5047:
5002:
4974:
4795:
4678:
4603:
4530:
4419:
4234:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4144:
4132:
4112:
4085:
4055:
4035:
3980:
3933:
3908:
3802:
3772:
3762:
3502:
3302:
3292:
3062:
3057:
3022:
2931:
2903:
2724:
2628:
2623:
2608:
2593:
2401:
2395:
2309:
2037:
1855:
1792:
869:
1518:
1433:
1400:
1271:
1232:
5080:
4995:
4958:
4884:
4878:
4805:
4785:
4502:
4484:
4429:
4409:
4272:
4107:
4090:
4040:
3893:
3860:
3855:
3797:
3596:
3417:
3370:
3282:
3259:
3032:
2898:
2867:
2435:
2261:
2142:
1879:
1465:
1163:
1007:
925:
3322:
1416:
The monuments of Seti I: epigraphic, historical and art historical analysis
884:. His uncle Khaemwaset, an army officer, married Tamwadjesy, the matron of
654:
525:
373:
251:
119:
5150:
5145:
5134:
5101:
5016:
5009:
4963:
4935:
4929:
4894:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4474:
4414:
4257:
4229:
3822:
3752:
3564:
3550:
3530:
3492:
3404:
3349:
3307:
3139:
3109:
3072:
3017:
2862:
2739:
2644:
2588:
2483:
2390:
2384:
2373:
2339:
2223:
2209:
2202:
2189:
2153:
1893:
1020:
901:
828:
824:
820:
67:
5127:
5066:
4909:
4593:
4404:
4398:
4386:
4267:
4262:
4199:
4178:
4023:
3975:
3875:
3865:
3590:
3487:
3457:
3439:
3428:
3411:
3363:
3356:
3287:
3209:
2857:
2665:
2651:
2563:
2514:
2420:
2363:
2314:
2147:
2137:
2117:
2050:
1900:
1779:
1532:
Ranke, Hermann (1939). "Review of The Temple of Ramesses I at Abydos".
1144:
1028:
921:
808:
47:
1553:
1339:
5034:
4904:
4541:
4424:
4029:
4000:
3870:
3845:
3637:
3571:
3397:
3390:
3317:
3272:
3266:
3092:
3012:
2598:
2425:
2378:
2332:
2304:
2230:
2108:
2067:
1949:
1914:
1886:
1063:
1000:
984:
972:
941:
877:
873:
858:
832:
754:
77:
853:
1545:
1331:
5120:
4899:
4889:
4867:
4525:
3434:
3422:
3335:
3252:
3103:
3037:
2699:
2521:
2368:
2326:
2320:
2112:
2071:
1942:
1935:
1921:
1704:
Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies
1111:
1103:
1085:
1040:
1011:
1006:
994:
976:
852:
744:
4872:
4862:
4252:
4127:
3328:
2658:
2478:
2460:
2345:
2127:
2122:
1956:
1503:. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 245.
1052:
1036:
889:
782:
240:
5180:
4297:
3662:
2764:
1790:
1752:
1627:
Gorr, Robbie (Winter 2022–23). "The Pharaoh of Niagara Falls".
1318:
Cruz-Uribe, Eugene (1978). "The Father of Ramses I: OI 11456".
3077:
1675:
948:) to succeed him and thus avoid any succession difficulties.
1748:
960:
665:
617:
536:
490:
396:
274:
144:
1418:. Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill. pp. 289, 300 and 311.
1306:
The Administrators and Notables in Nubia under Tutankhamun
1074:
donated several exquisite reliefs from this chapel to the
1362:
Everyday Life in Egypt in the Days of Ramesses The Great
1449:"Two Papyrus Fragments with Historically Relevant Data"
364:
He who firms Maat throughout the land of the two banks
673:
629:
544:
501:
402:
377:
280:
255:
152:
123:
4833:
4818:
4659:
4631:
4616:
4579:
4551:
4511:
4493:
4443:
4376:
4361:
4328:
4319:
4243:
4220:
4153:
4076:
4014:
3966:
3951:
3884:
3831:
3743:
3728:
3693:
3684:
3581:
3540:
3448:
3380:
3228:
2996:
2981:
2917:
2891:
2843:
2828:
2795:
2786:
2715:
2675:
2550:
2535:
2469:
2411:
2354:
2295:
2280:
2170:
2099:
2084:
1985:
1869:
1854:
1821:
1812:
788:
778:
770:
760:
750:
740:
601:
473:
348:
223:
94:
73:
63:
53:
46:
21:
955:, or royal name. When transliterated, the name is
1568:"U.S. Museum to Return Ramses I Mummy to Egypt"
967:, or personal name. This is transliterated as
1764:
1183:. Lee had previously played Ramses' grandson
8:
1595:
1217:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 140.
5317:Pharaohs of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1744:Ramesses I: The search for the Lost Pharaoh
1376:
1374:
1244:
1242:
880:. He was a son of a troop commander called
857:Pharaoh Ramses I making an offering before
110:Mighty bull, he who rejuvenates the royalty
5322:Viziers of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
5177:
4830:
4628:
4373:
4325:
4316:
4294:
3963:
3740:
3690:
3681:
3659:
2993:
2840:
2792:
2783:
2761:
2547:
2292:
2096:
1866:
1818:
1809:
1787:
1771:
1757:
1749:
677:
633:
548:
505:
406:
381:
284:
259:
156:
127:
91:
32:
18:
1643:"Canada's favourite mummy hunter returns"
1464:
1208:
1206:
16:Founding pharaoh of 19th dynasty of Egypt
1534:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1202:
951:Upon his accession, Ramesses assumed a
849:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree
141:
1607:
963:". However, he is better known by his
1252:; Zabern, Verlag Philipp von (1997).
904:, the last pharaoh of the tumultuous
7:
1499:Grimal, Nicolas-Christophe (1992).
1166:, as the Pharaoh of the Oppression.
1102:The mummy had been stolen from the
1723:"Signs & Wonders upon Pharaoh"
1383:Ramesses: Egypt's greatest pharaoh
908:, who appointed the former as his
14:
1672:"Egypt's 'Ramses' mummy returned"
1385:. Penguin Books. pp. 37–38.
1574:. April 30, 2003. Archived from
1179:, as the Pharaoh encountered by
872:region, perhaps near the former
714:
658:
581:
529:
203:
1730:The University of Chicago Press
1320:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1256:. Mainz am Rhein. p. 190.
1095:dating tests by researchers at
924:of a generation earlier, under
823:is frequently cited as well as
239:He who appears as a king, like
912:. Ramesses also served as the
1:
5337:Art and cultural repatriation
4791:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
1003:in memory of his late father.
944:) and a grandson (the future
609:
481:
356:
231:
102:
1082:Rediscovery and repatriation
59:1292–1290 BC or 1295–1294 BC
4724:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1706:. Oxford University Press.
1447:Demarée, Robert J. (2023).
489:Eternal is the Strength of
40:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
5358:
3623:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
3007:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
2771:Second Intermediate Period
1501:A history of ancient Egypt
1287:Who's Who in Ancient Egypt
1076:Metropolitan Museum of Art
846:
705:
668:
572:
539:
475:Prenomen (Praenomen)
449:
399:
324:
277:
194:
147:
5285:
5187:
5176:
5074:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
4764:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
4315:
4293:
3680:
3669:Third Intermediate Period
3658:
2782:
2760:
1808:
1797:First Intermediate Period
1786:
1381:Tyldesley, Joyce (2001).
1213:Clayton, Peter A (2012).
672:
608:
543:
480:
401:
355:
279:
230:
151:
101:
83:
31:
26:
5332:Ancient Egyptian mummies
5312:13th-century BC pharaohs
4786:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3043:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
1801: (<3150–2040 BC)
1721:Wilson, John A. (1964).
1702:; Saleem, Sahar (2016).
1596:Hawass & Saleem 2016
1453:Rivista del Museo Egizio
1141:Michael C. Carlos Museum
987:, begun under Horemheb.
892:, who was a relative of
4759:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
4674:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
2968:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
1466:10.29353/rime.2023.5078
1414:Brand, Peter J (2000).
1143:at Emory University in
1124:Niagara Falls, New York
1051:in 1817 and designated
4801:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
4780:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
4774:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
4729:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
4699:Arsinoe III Philopator
3613:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
3083:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
3023:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
2614:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
1285:Rice, Michael (1999).
1175:, he was portrayed by
1128:Niagara Falls, Ontario
1091:
1015:
1004:
865:
4749:Ptolemy X Alexander I
4714:Ptolemy VI Philometor
4694:Ptolemy IV Philopator
4689:Berenice II Euergetes
4684:Ptolemy III Euergetes
4646:Philip III Arrhidaeus
3155:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
3150:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
2504:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1250:Beckerath, Jürgen von
1151:Portrayals in fiction
1089:
1010:
998:
863:Allard Pierson Museum
856:
801:Menpehtyre Ramesses I
5182:Dynastic genealogies
4806:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4102:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
4016:High Priests of Amun
3518:Merankhre Mentuhotep
3220:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
3215:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
3068:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
2775: (2040–1550 BC)
2494:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
1647:Niagara Falls Review
1159:The Ten Commandments
1120:Niagara Falls Museum
1072:John Pierpont Morgan
1039:within the Egyptian
4704:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
4641:Alexander the Great
3673: (1550–664 BC)
3195:Mershepsesre Ini II
3190:Merkawre Sobekhotep
2584:Neferkare IV Khendu
1572:National Geographic
1162:, he was played by
807:) was the founding
5342:People from Avaris
5041:Trebonianus Gallus
3628:Senakhtenre Ahmose
3246:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
3200:Sewahenre Senebmiu
3175:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
2604:Neferkare V Tereru
2574:Neferkare III Neby
2242:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
1678:. October 26, 2003
1187:in the miniseries
1169:In the miniseries
1092:
1016:
1005:
906:Eighteenth Dynasty
866:
236:Kha m neswt mj jtm
107:Kanakht Wadj neswt
5294:
5293:
5281:
5280:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5088:Claudius Gothicus
4982:Severus Alexander
4949:Septimius Severus
4814:
4813:
4612:
4611:
4357:
4356:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
3996:Osorkon the Elder
3947:
3946:
3724:
3723:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3618:Nubkheperre Intef
3498:Sekhemre Shedwast
3120:Sehetepkare Intef
3048:Semenkare Nebnuni
2977:
2976:
2824:
2823:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2531:
2530:
2509:Netjerkare Siptah
2431:Neferirkare Kakai
2276:
2275:
2080:
2079:
1850:
1849:
1631:. pp. 28–32.
1304:Kawai, N., 2015:
1041:fortress of Buhen
1027:which translated
896:, the viceroy of
798:
797:
734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
709:
708:
701:
700:
697:
696:
649:
648:
645:
644:
620:has fashioned him
597:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
576:
575:
568:
567:
564:
563:
520:
519:
516:
515:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
453:
452:
447:
446:
443:
442:
393:
392:
389:
388:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
328:
327:
322:
321:
318:
317:
271:
270:
267:
266:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
198:
197:
190:
189:
186:
185:
139:
138:
135:
134:
5349:
5288:List of pharaohs
5178:
4943:Pescennius Niger
4831:
4827:
4826:
4739:Ptolemy IX Soter
4709:Cleopatra I Syra
4629:
4625:
4624:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4326:
4317:
4310:
4309:
4295:
4046:Djedkhonsuefankh
3964:
3960:
3959:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3711:
3706:
3691:
3682:
3675:
3674:
3660:
3253:Qareh Khawoserre
3239:Yakbim Sekhaenre
3180:Mersekhemre Ined
2994:
2990:
2989:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2793:
2784:
2777:
2776:
2762:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2097:
2093:
2092:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1819:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1788:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1733:
1727:
1717:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1649:. Archived from
1639:
1633:
1632:
1629:History Magazine
1624:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1378:
1369:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1210:
1172:In the Beginning
1136:William Jamieson
1097:Emory University
1049:Giovanni Belzoni
718:
717:
678:
674:
666:
662:
661:
655:
634:
630:
626:
610:
585:
584:
549:
545:
537:
533:
532:
526:
506:
502:
498:
482:
407:
403:
397:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
361:Smn m3't khetawy
357:
285:
281:
275:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:
232:
207:
206:
157:
153:
145:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:
103:
92:
36:
19:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5327:1290s BC deaths
5297:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5277:
5183:
5160:
5060:Macrianus Minor
4989:Maximinus Thrax
4925:Marcus Aurelius
4824:
4823:
4822:
4810:
4669:Ptolemy I Soter
4655:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4608:
4575:
4547:
4507:
4489:
4469:Psammetichus IV
4439:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4331:
4322:
4311:
4308:(664 BC–313 AD)
4307:
4306:
4277:
4239:
4216:
4212:Menkheperre Ini
4149:
4072:
4010:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3943:
3880:
3827:
3808:Neferneferuaten
3734:
3733:
3732:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3704:
3703:Pharaohs
3696:
3687:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3642:
3577:
3536:
3463:Sobekhotep VIII
3444:
3376:
3224:
3185:Sewadjkare Hori
2987:
2986:
2985:
2973:
2913:
2887:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2820:
2798:
2789:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2744:
2711:
2671:
2579:Djedkare Shemai
2541:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2465:
2407:
2350:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2166:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2076:
1981:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1846:
1824:
1815:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1782:
1777:
1740:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1700:Hawass, Zahi A.
1698:
1695:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1656:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1511:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1426:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1359:
1355:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1264:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1225:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1177:Christopher Lee
1153:
1084:
1057:Joyce Tyldesley
993:
851:
845:
835:, and grandson
774:1290 or 1294 BC
736:
735:
715:
659:
641:
616:
582:
558:
553:
530:
488:
422:
414:
363:
313:
311:
291:
289:
238:
204:
181:
161:
109:
89:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5355:
5353:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5299:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5156:Maximinus Daza
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4915:Antoninus Pius
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4828:
4825:(30 BC–313 AD)
4816:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4626:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4589:Artaxerxes III
4585:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4465:
4460:
4458:Petubastis III
4455:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4390:
4382:
4380:
4371:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4313:
4312:
4298:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3961:
3953:3 Intermediate
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3738:
3735:(1550–1070 BC)
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3678:
3677:
3663:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:Neferhotep III
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Sewadjkare III
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3267:Maaibre Sheshi
3263:
3260:'Ammu Ahotepre
3256:
3249:
3242:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3170:Merhotepre Ini
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Sobekhotep III
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2988:(1802–1550 BC)
2983:2 Intermediate
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2878:Mentuhotep III
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2838:
2835:(2040–1802 BC)
2830:Middle Kingdom
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2780:
2779:
2767:Middle Kingdom
2765:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2730:Neferkare VIII
2727:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2695:Nebkaure Khety
2692:
2687:
2685:Meryibre Khety
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2619:Neferkamin Anu
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2545:
2542:(2181–2040 BC)
2537:1 Intermediate
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2456:Djedkare Isesi
2453:
2451:Menkauhor Kaiu
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2290:
2287:(2686–2181 BC)
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2091:(3150–2686 BC)
2086:Early Dynastic
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1791:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1738:External links
1736:
1735:
1734:
1718:
1712:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1663:
1634:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1578:on May 2, 2003
1559:
1546:10.2307/594071
1540:(2): 272–274.
1524:
1509:
1491:
1489:by Peter Brand
1479:
1439:
1424:
1406:
1391:
1370:
1353:
1332:10.1086/372654
1326:(3): 237–244.
1310:
1297:
1277:
1262:
1238:
1224:978-0500286289
1223:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1167:
1152:
1149:
1108:Deir el-Bahari
1083:
1080:
1025:Contra Apionem
1023:, in his book
992:
989:
844:
841:
796:
795:
790:
786:
785:
780:
776:
775:
772:
768:
767:
762:
758:
757:
752:
748:
747:
742:
738:
737:
732:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
712:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
670:
669:
663:
652:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
638:
622:
621:
606:
605:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
555:
541:
540:
534:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
494:
493:
478:
477:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
456:
454:
451:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
419:
416:
411:
400:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
366:
365:
353:
352:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
331:
329:
326:
325:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
278:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
244:
243:
228:
227:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
201:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
149:
148:
142:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
112:
111:
99:
98:
90:
87:Royal titulary
85:
84:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
51:
50:
44:
43:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5354:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5289:
5284:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5179:
5175:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4821:
4817:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4734:Cleopatra III
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4619:
4615:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4536:Nepherites II
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4364:
4360:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4314:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4067:Psusennes III
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3958:(1069–664 BC)
3954:
3950:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Ramesses VIII
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Amenhotep III
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3683:
3679:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:Seqenenre Tao
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Sobekemsaf II
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3558:Wepwawetemsaf
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Merneferre Ay
3163:
3161:
3160:Wahibre Ibiau
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:Sobekhotep IV
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:Amenemhat III
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2883:Mentuhotep IV
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Mentuhotep II
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:Wahkare Khety
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Neferkare VII
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:Seth-Peribsen
2235:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Hotepsekhemwy
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:Double Falcon
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:(pre-3150 BC)
1857:
1856:Protodynastic
1853:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1793:Protodynastic
1789:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1713:9789774166730
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1653:on 2017-12-04
1652:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1610:, p. 74.
1609:
1604:
1601:
1598:, p. 32.
1597:
1592:
1589:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1392:9780140280975
1388:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:James Douglas
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1078:in New York.
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1014:of Ramesses I
1013:
1009:
1002:
997:
990:
988:
986:
985:Karnak Temple
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
922:Amarna heresy
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
864:
860:
855:
850:
842:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:ancient Egypt
810:
806:
802:
794:
791:
787:
784:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:
763:
759:
756:
753:
749:
746:
743:
739:
713:
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704:
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667:
664:
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511:
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82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
25:
20:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5046:
5039:
5022:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4941:
4934:
4920:Lucius Verus
4877:
4778:
4754:Berenice III
4744:Cleopatra IV
4719:Cleopatra II
4651:Alexander IV
4571:Nectanebo II
4540:
4521:Nepherites I
4480:Artaxerxes I
4467:
4397:
4385:
4368:(664–332 BC)
4348:
4304:Roman Period
4206:Shoshenq VII
4204:
4177:
4137:
4118:Shoshenq III
4100:
4065:
4028:
4006:Psusennes II
3919:Ramesses VII
3899:Ramesses III
3840:
3783:Amenhotep II
3778:Thutmose III
3714:
3603:Sobekemsaf I
3595:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3529:
3522:
3427:
3410:
3405:'Aper-'Anati
3403:
3396:
3389:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3313:Sekheperenre
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3135:Neferhotep I
3125:Seth Meribre
3102:
3088:Djedkheperew
3005:
2966:
2957:Amenemhat IV
2947:Senusret III
2937:Amenemhat II
2853:Mentuhotep I
2815:
2704:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2569:Neferkare II
2520:
2513:
2446:Nyuserre Ini
2400:
2383:
2338:
2331:
2319:
2260:
2255:Neferkasokar
2253:
2246:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2159:
2152:
2060:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2003:Finger Snail
2001:
1994:
1974:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1841:
1729:
1703:
1693:Bibliography
1680:. Retrieved
1666:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:the original
1646:
1637:
1628:
1603:
1591:
1580:. Retrieved
1576:the original
1562:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1500:
1494:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1456:
1452:
1442:
1415:
1409:
1382:
1361:
1360:P. Montert,
1356:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1289:. Routledge.
1286:
1280:
1253:
1214:
1189:
1171:
1158:
1156:In the film
1133:
1101:
1093:
1062:
1045:
1017:
991:Reign length
968:
956:
950:
930:
888:'s Harem of
867:
825:1295–1294 BC
821:1292–1290 BC
817:19th Dynasty
804:
800:
799:
793:19th Dynasty
613:
485:
360:
350:Golden Horus
235:
106:
5024:Gordian III
4969:Diadumenian
4769:Cleopatra V
4623:(332–30 BC)
4618:Hellenistic
4561:Nectanebo I
4453:Cambyses II
4435:Psamtik III
4393:Tefnakht II
4195:Takelot III
4190:Osorkon III
4185:Shoshenq VI
4139:Pedubast II
4123:Shoshenq IV
4096:Shoshenq II
4061:Pinedjem II
4051:Menkheperre
3986:Psusennes I
3939:Ramesses XI
3929:Ramesses IX
3914:Ramesses VI
3904:Ramesses IV
3851:Ramesses II
3813:Tutankhamun
3788:Thutmose IV
3768:Thutmose II
3758:Amenhotep I
3730:New Kingdom
3665:New Kingdom
3524:Senusret IV
3508:Dedumose II
3483:Nebiriau II
3478:Nebiryraw I
3473:Mentuhotepi
3278:Khakherewre
3205:Merkheperre
3115:Imyremeshaw
3098:Sedjefakare
3053:Sehetepibre
3028:Ameny Qemau
2962:Sobekneferu
2942:Senusret II
2927:Amenemhat I
2909:Iyibkhentre
2639:Neferirkare
2634:Neferkauhor
2441:Shepseskare
2282:Old Kingdom
2268:Khasekhemwy
2248:Neferkara I
2217:Weneg-Nebty
2062:Scorpion II
1608:Wilson 1964
1472:25 November
1364:, 1974, p.
1185:Ramesses II
1104:Royal Cache
1070:. In 1911,
946:Ramesses II
933:Tutankhamun
914:High Priest
886:Tutankhamun
876:capital of
837:Ramesses II
64:Predecessor
5307:Ramesses I
5301:Categories
5141:Diocletian
5095:Quintillus
5048:Aemilianus
5003:Gordian II
4975:Elagabalus
4796:Arsinoe IV
4679:Arsinoe II
4604:Darius III
4531:Psammuthes
4420:Psamtik II
4235:Bakenranef
4173:Pedubast I
4168:Takelot II
4163:Harsiese A
4145:Osorkon IV
4133:Shoshenq V
4113:Osorkon II
4086:Shoshenq I
4056:Smendes II
4036:Pinedjem I
3981:Amenemnisu
3934:Ramesses X
3909:Ramesses V
3861:Amenmesses
3841:Ramesses I
3803:Smenkhkare
3773:Hatshepsut
3763:Thutmose I
3513:Montuemsaf
3503:Dedumose I
3303:Nebdjefare
3293:Merdjefare
3063:Nedjemibre
3058:Sewadjkare
2932:Senusret I
2904:Qakare Ini
2725:Meryhathor
2629:Neferkaure
2624:Qakare Iby
2609:Neferkahor
2594:Neferkamin
2402:Thamphthis
2396:Shepseskaf
2310:Sekhemkhet
2161:Horus Bird
2038:Scorpion I
1682:2008-04-13
1657:2017-05-17
1582:2008-04-13
1510:0631174729
1425:9004117709
1263:3805323107
1198:References
957:mn-pḥty-rʿ
870:Nile Delta
847:See also:
486:Menpehtyre
225:Nebty name
96:Horus name
22:Ramesses I
5273:Ptolemaic
5081:Gallienus
4996:Gordian I
4959:Caracalla
4885:Vespasian
4879:Vitellius
4661:Ptolemaic
4503:Amyrtaeus
4485:Darius II
4430:Ahmose II
4410:Psamtik I
4349:uncertain
4337:Pharaohs
4273:Tanutamun
4108:Takelot I
4091:Osorkon I
4041:Masaharta
3991:Amenemope
3894:Setnakhte
3856:Merneptah
3798:Akhenaten
3715:uncertain
3597:Nebmaatre
3418:Sakir-Har
3371:Yaqub-Har
3283:Nebefawre
3033:Hotepibre
2899:Segerseni
2868:Intef III
2816:uncertain
2804:Pharaohs
2436:Neferefre
2262:Hudjefa I
2143:Semerkhet
1880:Hedju Hor
1842:uncertain
1830:Pharaohs
1519:872585819
1434:247341737
1401:932221233
1348:162197658
1272:932193922
1233:869729880
1164:Ian Keith
926:Akhenaten
614:Ra-messes
74:Successor
27:Menophres
5233:21 to 23
5151:Galerius
5146:Maximian
5135:Numerian
5102:Aurelian
5054:Valerian
5017:Balbinus
5010:Pupienus
4964:Macrinus
4936:Pertinax
4930:Commodus
4895:Domitian
4858:Claudius
4853:Caligula
4848:Tiberius
4843:Augustus
4463:Darius I
4415:Necho II
4258:Shebitku
4230:Tefnakht
3823:Horemheb
3753:Ahmose I
3565:Pantjeny
3551:Senebkay
3531:Pepi III
3493:Bebiankh
3350:Shenshek
3308:Nebsenre
3140:Sihathor
3110:Khendjer
3073:Renseneb
3018:Nerikare
2863:Intef II
2740:Merykare
2645:Wadjkare
2589:Merenhor
2484:Userkare
2391:Menkaure
2385:Bikheris
2374:Djedefre
2340:Qahedjet
2224:Wadjenes
2210:Horus Sa
2203:Nubnefer
2190:Nynetjer
2154:Sneferka
1894:Ni-Neith
1780:Pharaohs
1021:Josephus
969:rʿ-ms-sw
953:prenomen
902:Horemheb
829:Horemheb
751:Children
68:Horemheb
5128:Carinus
5109:Tacitus
5067:Quietus
4910:Hadrian
4594:Khabash
4425:Wahibre
4405:Necho I
4399:Nekauba
4387:Ammeris
4330:Dynasty
4268:Taharqa
4263:Shabaka
4200:Rudamun
4179:Iuput I
4024:Herihor
3976:Smendes
3876:Twosret
3866:Seti II
3710:female)
3695:Dynasty
3591:Rahotep
3488:Semenre
3458:Djehuti
3440:Khamudi
3429:Yanassi
3412:Salitis
3364:Yakareb
3357:Khamure
3288:Sehebre
3210:Merkare
2858:Intef I
2797:Dynasty
2706:Imhotep
2666:Iytjenu
2652:Khuiqer
2564:Menkare
2515:Neferka
2499:Pepi II
2421:Userkaf
2315:Sanakht
2138:Anedjib
2118:Hor-Aha
2051:Iry-Hor
2045:Shendjw
2017:Pen-Abu
1901:Hat-Hor
1823:Dynasty
1145:Atlanta
1114:to Dr.
1029:Manetho
843:Origins
809:pharaoh
789:Dynasty
741:Consort
48:Pharaoh
5268:Argead
5115:Probus
5035:Decius
5030:Philip
4905:Trajan
4633:Argead
4542:Muthis
4495:XXVIII
4475:Xerxes
4343:female
4321:Period
4030:Piankh
4001:Siamun
3871:Siptah
3846:Seti I
3686:Period
3638:Kamose
3572:Snaaib
3542:Abydos
3398:Semqen
3391:Sharek
3343:Sheneh
3323:'Apepi
3318:Bebnum
3273:Nehesy
3093:Sebkay
3013:Sonbef
2810:female
2788:Period
2599:Nikare
2489:Pepi I
2426:Sahure
2379:Khafre
2364:Snefru
2333:Sedjes
2305:Djoser
2231:Senedj
2109:Narmer
2068:Narmer
1950:Wazner
1915:Hsekiu
1887:Ny-Hor
1836:female
1814:Period
1710:
1554:594071
1552:
1517:
1507:
1432:
1422:
1399:
1389:
1346:
1340:544684
1338:
1270:
1260:
1231:
1221:
1181:Joseph
1068:Abydos
1064:Seti I
1033:temple
1001:Seti I
973:Seti I
942:Seti I
910:vizier
878:Avaris
874:Hyksos
859:Osiris
833:Seti I
805:Ramses
779:Burial
761:Father
755:Seti I
78:Seti I
5121:Carus
4900:Nerva
4890:Titus
4868:Galba
4835:XXXIV
4820:Roman
4599:Arses
4526:Hakor
4445:XXVII
4155:XXIII
3745:XVIII
3705:(male
3435:Apepi
3423:Khyan
3336:Wazad
3104:Wegaf
3038:Iufni
2892:Nubia
2700:Setut
2522:Nefer
2369:Khufu
2327:Khaba
2321:Nebka
2185:Nebra
2113:Menes
2072:Menes
2024:Stork
1987:Upper
1943:Neheb
1936:Thesh
1922:Khayu
1871:Lower
1726:(PDF)
1550:JSTOR
1344:S2CID
1336:JSTOR
1190:Moses
1112:Luxor
1012:Mummy
981:pylon
977:Syria
965:nomen
745:Sitre
603:Nomen
55:Reign
4954:Geta
4873:Otho
4863:Nero
4581:XXXI
4566:Teos
4513:XXIX
4378:XXVI
4363:Late
4340:male
4300:Late
4253:Piye
4222:XXIV
4128:Pami
4078:XXII
3667:and
3583:XVII
3329:Nuya
2998:XIII
2807:male
2769:and
2659:Khui
2556:VIII
2479:Teti
2461:Unas
2346:Huni
2148:Qa'a
2128:Djet
2123:Djer
2031:Bull
2010:Fish
1976:Wash
1957:Mekh
1833:male
1708:ISBN
1515:OCLC
1505:ISBN
1474:2023
1430:OCLC
1420:ISBN
1397:OCLC
1387:ISBN
1268:OCLC
1258:ISBN
1229:OCLC
1219:ISBN
1126:and
1053:KV16
1037:Ptah
935:and
898:Kush
890:Amun
882:Seti
803:(or
783:KV16
771:Died
765:Seti
241:Atum
4553:XXX
4302:to
4245:XXV
3968:XXI
3833:XIX
3450:XVI
3230:XIV
3078:Hor
2919:XII
2552:VII
2297:III
2133:Den
1929:Tiu
1795:to
1676:BBC
1542:doi
1461:doi
1366:197
1328:doi
1293:165
1291:p.
1106:in
1035:of
983:at
918:Set
916:of
894:Huy
815:'s
811:of
5303::
5263:31
5258:30
5253:27
5248:26
5243:25
5238:24
5228:20
5223:19
5218:18
5213:12
5208:11
3886:XX
3818:Ay
3382:XV
2845:XI
2677:IX
2471:VI
2356:IV
2196:Ba
2172:II
2111:/
2070:/
2056:Ka
1908:Pu
1728:.
1674:.
1645:.
1615:^
1570:.
1548:.
1538:59
1536:.
1513:.
1459:.
1455:.
1451:.
1428:.
1395:.
1373:^
1342:.
1334:.
1324:37
1322:.
1266:.
1241:^
1227:.
1205:^
961:Ra
937:Ay
928:.
861:,
839:.
618:Re
491:Re
5203:4
5199:3
5196:2
5192:1
2717:X
2554:/
2413:V
2101:I
1996:A
1964:A
1772:e
1765:t
1758:v
1732:.
1716:.
1685:.
1660:.
1585:.
1556:.
1544::
1521:.
1476:.
1463::
1457:7
1436:.
1403:.
1368:.
1350:.
1330::
1295:.
1274:.
1235:.
1193:.
940:(
439:)
429:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
