623:, currently the Dean of University of California, Berkeley School of Law, at the request of the Los Angeles Police Protective League, the police union. Chemerinsky outlined six specific criticisms of the Board of Inquiry report, namely that the LAPD minimized the scope and nature of the corruption, and abetted the corruption through its own internal negligence or corrupt policies. Chemerinsky called for an independent commission to investigate corruption and a consent decree between the City of Los Angeles and the Justice Department to monitor effective reform.
1990:
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526:, on March 9, 1997. On April 5, 2010, the Wallace family withdrew their lawsuit and the claims against the City and the Rampart officers. Perry R. Sanders Jr., a lawyer for the estate, insisted the case was being withdrawn only to avoid interfering with what he called a "reinvigorated" police investigation, and he emphasized that since the suit was dismissed without prejudice, it could be refiled.
870:
681:(2004), a black police officer is shot by an off-duty white officer, in a turn of events very similar to the Kevin Gaines shooting. The black officer is later found out to be corrupt, just as in the case of Kevin Gaines. In the film, the corrupt nature of the black officer is suppressed by the mayoral hopeful, in order to gain the black vote.
481:, had hired several of the corrupt Rampart officers for security at various times including Nino Durden, Kevin Gaines, David Mack, and Rafael PĂ©rez. Knight was hiring off-duty Rampart policemen to work for Death Row as security guards for substantial amounts of money. After Gaines was killed, investigators discovered Gaines drove a
188:. Lyga took out his gun and called for backup using a hidden radio activated by a foot pedal, saying, "Hey, I got a problem. I've got a black guy in a green Jeep coming up here! He's got a gun!" Pulling up at a stop light, Lyga later testified that he heard Gaines shout, "I'll cap you." Lyga fired his
533:
also believed Mack and other
Rampart police were involved in a conspiracy to kill Wallace. Poole claimed that Chief Parks refused to investigate their claims of Mack's involvement, suppressed their 40-page report, and instructed investigators not to pursue their inquiries. Poole, an 18-year veteran
357:
PĂ©rez, at that time a nine-year veteran of the LAPD, was arrested on August 25, 1998, for the unauthorized withdrawal and theft of six pounds of cocaine from the evidence room. The cocaine was estimated to be worth $ 800,000 on the street, or $ 120,000 wholesale. Although PĂ©rez signed a phony name on
615:
The "L.A.P.D. Board of
Inquiry into the Rampart Area Corruption Incident" report was released in March 2000. It made 108 recommendations for changes in LAPD policies and procedures. The Board of Inquiry report, sanctioned by Parks, was widely criticized for not addressing structural problems within
422:
PĂ©rez claimed CRASH officers were awarded plaques for shooting civilians and suspects, with extra honors if such persons were killed. PĂ©rez alleges that CRASH officers carried spare guns in their "war bags" to plant on civilians and suspects, in order to avoid responsibility for their alleged crime.
568:
There have been multiple allegations that Chief Parks and members of the LAPD were actively involved in obstructing the
Rampart Investigation. Parks was in charge of Internal Affairs when Gaines and other Rampart officers were first discovered to have ties to the Bloods and Death Row Records. Parks
626:
The "Report of the
Rampart Independent Review Panel", published in November 2000, created by a panel of over 190 community members, issued 72 findings and 86 recommendations. The report noted the Police Commission had been "undermined by the Mayor's Office" and that the Inspector General's Office
580:
lawsuit against the city of Los
Angeles and Chief Parks. Poole, lead investigator on the Lyga-Gaines shooting and member of the Rampart Corruption Task Force, resigned from the department and claimed in his civil suit that Parks shut down his efforts to fully investigate the extent of corruption
418:
In extensive testimony to investigators, PĂ©rez provided a detailed portrait of the culture of the elite CRASH unit. PĂ©rez insisted that 90% of CRASH officers were "in the loop", knowingly framing civilians and perjuring themselves on the witness stand. PĂ©rez claims his superiors were aware of and
409:
PĂ©rez found a material witness who had blood on her dress, and she named four gang members from Temple Street. He repeatedly changed the name of the main killer and ended up framing
Anthony "Stymie" Adams as the one who fatally shot Malfavon in the head with a rifle in the neighboring apartment.
316:
After his release, Jimenez went to the emergency room and told doctors he had been beaten by Hewitt and his partner Daniel Lujan while in custody. Following an investigation, Hewitt was fired from the LAPD. Jimenez was awarded $ 231,000 in a civil settlement with the city of Los
Angeles. Jimenez
91:
Of the 70 officers initially implicated, enough evidence was uncovered to bring 58 before an internal administrative board. However, only 24 were actually found to have committed any wrongdoing with twelve given suspensions of various lengths, seven forced into resignation or retirement and five
845:
was scheduled to be released in
September 2018, but in July the release was canceled and the film was shelved. The stated reason was due to the negative publicity of Depp's ongoing legal issues, including a lawsuit brought against him that month by the film's location manager. However, director
361:
As he was arrested, PĂ©rez reportedly asked, "Is this about the bank robbery?" He would later deny that he had any knowledge of Mack's bank robbery and never testified against Mack. Investigators would later discover eleven additional instances of suspicious cocaine transfers. PĂ©rez eventually
348:
The task force, later named the
Rampart Corruption Task Force, focused on the prosecution of PĂ©rez. Completing an audit of the LAPD property room revealed another pound of missing cocaine which had been booked following a prior arrest by Lyga, the officer who had shot Gaines the year before.
572:
According to
Rampart Corruption Task Force Detective Poole, Chief Parks failed to pursue the Hewitt Investigation for a full six months. When Poole presented Parks with a 40-page report detailing the connection between Mack and the murder of Notorious B.I.G., the report was suppressed.
656:
premiered, depicting a band of rogue Los Angeles police officers. The program was so directly inspired by the Rampart Scandal that "Rampart" was nearly used as the series title. The title was presumably changed in order to avoid potential production issues and conflicts with the LAPD.
838:
as CRASH officers Rafael PĂ©rez, David Mack and Kevin Gaines respectively, the film depicts Poole's investigation of the CRASH unit's criminal activities, their ties to Death Row Records, and his theory of their involvement in the murder of rapper Notorious B.I.G.
377:
with investigators. He pleaded guilty to the cocaine theft in exchange for providing prosecutors information about two "bad" shootings and three other CRASH officers engaged in illegal activity. For this deal, PĂ©rez received a five-year prison sentence as well as
513:
lawsuit against the City of Los Angeles, which also named as defendants Rampart officers Durden, Mack, and PĂ©rez. The lawsuit alleges that Durden, Mack, and PĂ©rez conspired to murder Christopher Wallace, and PĂ©rez and Mack were present on the night of the
213:, he said, "In my training experience this guy had 'I'm a gang member' written all over him." Inside of Gaines's car, a Death Row Greatest Hits CD was found, as he was listening to Death Row's inclusion of No Vaseline at the time of the confrontation.
385:
Over the next nine months, he met with investigators more than 50 times and provided more than 4,000 pages in sworn testimony. PĂ©rez's testimony implicated about 70 officers of misconduct, but only a dozen officers were suspended or forced to resign.
690:(2004) featured a plot involving corrupt LAPD cops. Though it was not a serious crime drama, it used the Rampart scandal to lend some credibility to the plot, showing a documentary segment of the Rampart scandal in the bonus features of the DVD.
216:
In the ensuing investigation, the LAPD discovered that Gaines had apparently been involved in similar road rage incidents, threatening drivers by brandishing his gun. The investigation also revealed that Gaines was associated with both the
341:. Within a week, detectives focused their investigation on PĂ©rez. Concerned with a CRASH unit that had officers working off-duty for Death Row Records, robbing banks, and stealing cocaine, Parks established an internal investigative
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to oversee and monitor reforms within the LAPD for a period of five years. The Justice Department, which had been investigating the LAPD since 1996, agreed not to pursue a civil rights lawsuit against the city. Los Angeles Mayor
199:
twice, one of the bullets lodging in his heart. Lyga radioed one final transmission: "I just shot this guy! I need help! Get up here!" Lyga reported that Gaines was the first to pull a gun and that he responded in self-defense.
584:
Poole specified conversations and direct orders in which Chief Parks prevented him from pursuing his investigation of the criminal activities of David Mack and Kevin Gaines, notably involving the investigation of the murder of
795:
I know most of you who personally know me are in disbelief to hear from media reports that I am suspected of committing such horrendous murders and have taken drastic and shocking actions in the last couple of days.
257:, stating, "Had the matter been submitted to me for a determination, I would have found in favor of the City of Los Angeles." Schoettler's letter alleged political reasons for settling the case, namely City Attorney
799:
Unfortunately, this is a necessary evil that I do not enjoy but must partake and complete for substantial change to occur within the LAPD and reclaim my name. The department has not changed since the Rampart and
2273:
619:"An Independent Analysis of the Los Angeles Police Department's Board of Inquiry Report on the Rampart Scandal" was published in September 2000 by University of Southern California Law School Professor
442:. A red card indicated a wounding and a black card indicated a killing, which was considered more prestigious. PĂ©rez testified that at least one Rampart lieutenant attended these celebrations.
2024:
239:. Following three separate internal investigations, Lyga was exonerated of any wrongdoing. The LAPD concluded that Lyga's shooting was "in policy" and not racially or improperly motivated.
816:
LAbyrinth: A Detective Investigates the Murders of Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G., the Implication of Death Row Records' Suge Knight, and the Origins of the Los Angeles Police Scandal
1978:
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branch. After one month of investigation, assistant bank manager Errolyn Romero confessed to her role in the crime and implicated her boyfriend LAPD officer
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1971:
1935:
53:
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2105:
1632:
2222:
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1762:
779:
707:), involves three corrupt CRASH officers. The CRASH motto, "intimidate those who intimidate others", is spoken directly by one of these characters.
2253:
1964:
1362:
Estate of Christopher G.L. Wallace v. City of Los Angeles, et al., 2:07-cv-02956-FMC-RZx, slip op. at 4 (C.D. Cal. April 5, 2009) (Nguyen, J.).
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and wore designer suits, and they found a receipt in his apartment for a $ 952 restaurant tab at the Los Angeles hangout, Monty's Steakhouse.
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and Police Chief Parks opposed the consent decree, but were forced to back down in the face of overwhelming support by the city council.
2173:
604:
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until killed during a police manhunt in Southern California, referenced the Rampart scandal in his "Facebook manifesto", which began:
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faced more than 140 civil suits resulting from the Rampart scandal and paid total estimated settlement costs around $ 125 million.
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52:, California, United States, during the late 1990s and early 2000s. The scandal concerned widespread criminal activity within the
1836:
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302:
1554:
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stated he believes Depp is a scapegoat and the studio was pressured by outside forces into cancelling the film. The premiere of
285:. He has never revealed the whereabouts of the money and, while incarcerated, bragged to fellow inmates that he would become a
253:
Lyga was angry the city settled, denying him the chance to fully clear his name. Judge Schoettler wrote a letter to LAPD Chief
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encouraged CRASH officers to engage in misconduct; the goal of the unit was to arrest gang members by any means necessary.
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2014:
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729:(2011) takes place during the Rampart scandal as the main character, Dave Brown, faces the consequences of his career.
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Investigators speculated that PĂ©rez may have stolen the cocaine booked by Lyga in retaliation for Gaines' shooting.
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The newly elected Mayor James Hahn did not rehire Parks in 2002. This arguably caused Hahn to lose the support of
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had been "hindered by ... lack of cooperation by the (LAPD) in responding to requests for information".
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was awarded a $ 15 million settlement on November 21, 2000, the largest police misconduct settlement in
196:
61:
305:'s recorded testimony, Hewitt "got off" on beating suspects. In the course of questioning, he beat the
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to drink and celebrate shootings. Supervisors handed out plaques to shooters, containing red or black
2019:
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854:
took place on December 8, 2018, when it was screened out of competition at the Noir Film Festival in
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of the force, quit the LAPD in protest, and later filed a lawsuit against the LAPD for violating his
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According to Frank Lyga, who shot him, Kevin Gaines was flashing Blood gang signs and waving a gun.
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In recorded testimony, PĂ©rez revealed the CRASH motto: "We intimidate those who intimidate others."
2258:
2100:
1531:
665:
427:
64:. More than 70 police officers were initially implicated in various forms of misconduct, including
1536:"The Manhunt for Christopher Dorner, Chapter 1: A Double Killing, a Vengeful Plan, a Wave of Fear"
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717:
712:
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523:
458:
297:
On February 26, 1998, Rampart CRASH officer Brian Hewitt brought Ismael Jimenez, a member of the
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PĂ©rez framed four members of the Temple Street gang as being associated with the murder of
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Investigators learned that Death Row Records, which was alleged to be associated with the
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has extensive coverage of the scandal, including audio files of PĂ©rez's testimony
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the forms when he checked out the drugs, his signature was a "dead bang" match.
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against the City of Los Angeles, costing the city an estimated $ 125 million in
49:
1687:"Inside the Shocking Death of Johnny Depp's Biggie-Murder Movie 'City of Lies'"
1534:; Joel Rubin; Kurt Streeter; Illustrations by Doug Stevens (December 8, 2013).
17:
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recognizes a police officer (presumed to be David Mack or Rafael PĂ©rez) among
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history. Twenty-nine other civil suits were settled for nearly $ 11 million.
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342:
301:, into the Rampart police station for questioning. According to CRASH officer
258:
192:
148:
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1633:"Amin Joseph Cast In 'LAbyrinth'; Shioli Kutsuna Joins Indie Film 'Oh Lucy!'"
2268:
1242:
596:, expressed a lack of confidence with Parks' handling of the investigation.
362:
admitted to ordering cocaine evidence out of property and replacing it with
281:
as the mastermind. Mack was sentenced to fourteen years and three months in
250:, for $ 25 million. The city eventually settled with Cochran for $ 250,000.
175:
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96:
by Rampart CRASH officers, 106 prior criminal convictions were overturned.
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by the time of his release. He was released from prison on May 14, 2010.
85:
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334:
242:
Within three days of the incident, the Gaines family retained attorney
185:
182:
93:
81:
27:
Police corruption scandal that happened in Los Angeles, California, US
1909:
1395:"Three New Accounts Point to Suge Knight in Killing of Biggie Smalls"
446:
229:
1712:"City of Lies – L'Ora Della Verità . Film di chiusura fuori concorso"
592:
Many city officials, including Los Angeles County District Attorney
122:
firing of Parks are believed to have precipitated Hahn's defeat by
1771:
855:
758:
703:(2004), set in 1992 in the fictional city of Los Santos (based on
333:
On March 27, 1998, LAPD officials discovered that eight pounds of
171:
31:
1659:"Johnny Depp's 'City Of Lies' Movie Pulled From Release Schedule"
1506:
Picturing Justice, the On-Line Journal of Law and Popular Culture
1351:
Estate of Christopher G.L. Wallace v. City of Los Angeles, et al.
1165:
720:, who is revealed to be a corrupt former Rampart CRASH officer.
469:
The Rampart Corruption Task Force investigators discovered that
1960:
1775:
1581:"'Straight Outta Compton's Neil Brown Jr. Heads To 'LAbyrinth'"
261:'s planned run for mayor and his desire to court black voters.
166:
According to Lyga and other witnesses, Gaines pulled his green
668:, was convened by the Los Angeles Police Commission and Chief
398:
member Miguel "Lizard" Malfavon. The incident took place at a
204:
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is said to have protected these officers from investigation.
538:
rights by preventing him from making his information public.
1353:, Civ. A. No. 2:07-cv-02956-JHN-RZ (C.D. Cal. May 27, 2008).
2202:
Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department
1740:. (Chapters on Rampart in popular culture and in the news.)
1730:
Racial Spectacles: Explorations in Media, Race, and Justice
1555:"Open Road Acquires Johnny Depp Crime Thriller 'Labyrinth'"
603:
voted 10 to 2 to accept a consent decree allowing the U.S.
1607:"Louis Herthum & Shamier Anderson Cast In 'LAbyrinth'"
660:
In 2003, the Blue Ribbon Rampart Review Panel, chaired by
1239:
Rampart runneth over: new allegations hound Rafael Perez.
767:(2015), there is a scene where during a studio session,
382:
from further prosecution of misconduct short of murder.
139:
March 18, 1997 – Officer Kevin Gaines road rage shootout
426:
CRASH officers would get together at the Short Stop, a
246:
and filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the city of
151:
shot and killed a plainclothes Rampart CRASH officer,
92:
terminated. As a result of the falsified evidence and
1289:"The Los Angeles police scandal and its social roots"
778:
Christopher Dorner, who in February 2013 carried out
1283:
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732:
Other films inspired by the Rampart scandal include
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808:The Rampart scandal was reviewed in the 2018 film
265:November 6, 1997 – Officer David Mack bank robbery
221:record label and its controversial owner and CEO,
1078:
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1038:
974:
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269:On November 6, 1997, $ 722,000 was stolen in an
235:, was hiring off-duty LAPD officers to serve as
1134:
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931:. Daily News, (Los Angeles, CA). March 21, 2000
784:
672:. The panel's report was made public in 2006.
1213:"LAPD Officer Arrested in Drug-Evidence Theft"
1193:. The New York Times Magazine. October 1, 2000
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1001:
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1972:
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576:On September 26, 2000, Poole filed a federal
505:of Christopher George Latore Wallace, a.k.a.
181:After, Gaines followed Lyga and brandished a
8:
716:(2010) featured a police officer, played by
639:' black community, leading to his defeat by
2091:Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums
1936:Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums
1111:"LAPD Rampart Division - Edward Lawson.com"
329:May 1998 – Investigative task force created
293:February 26, 1998 – Rampart Station beating
54:Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums
2249:Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department
1979:
1965:
1957:
1794:
1780:
1772:
1444:
1442:
1397:. Inside.com. May 14, 2001. Archived from
497:Ties to the murder of The Notorious B.I.G.
453:encircled with poker cards depicting the "
309:Jimenez in the chest and stomach until he
2223:Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners
826:as Detective Russell Poole and featuring
2164:Christopher Dorner shootings and manhunt
1105:
1103:
1101:
2254:Los Angeles Police Department resources
920:
143:Around 4 p.m. on March 18, 1997, LAPD
99:The scandal resulted in more than 140
2106:Public Disorder Intelligence Division
1084:"Interviews: Detective Russell Poole"
1047:"Taking Racial Politics to a New Low"
980:"Perez's Confessions: Audio Excerpts"
529:LAPD investigators Brian Tyndall and
107:. Partly as a result of the scandal,
7:
2228:Los Angeles Police Protective League
1685:Rohrlich, Justin (August 23, 2018).
1605:N'Duka, Amanda (December 15, 2016).
1579:N'Duka, Amanda (November 17, 2016).
1553:Kroll, Justin (September 19, 2016).
1140:"The Murder of the Notorious B.I.G."
1113:. September 27, 2007. Archived from
2174:Shooting of Charley Leundeu Keunang
1631:N'Duka, Amanda (January 7, 2017).
1247:October 13, 2000. Read 2011-02-14.
1045:Dunphy, Jack (February 11, 2005).
449:of the CRASH logo, a skull with a
369:On September 8, 1999, following a
321:for the distribution of drugs and
118:in 2002. Both the scandal and the
25:
2122:Los Angeles Police Medal of Valor
1657:Hipes, Patrick (August 6, 2018).
1311:"Interviews: Chief Bernard Parks"
740:L.A.P.D.: To Protect and to Serve
465:Rampart ties to Death Row Records
66:unprovoked shootings and beatings
2033:
1988:
1479:"Rampart Scandal: The Aftermath"
1170:Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator
868:
786:From: Christopher Jordan Dorner
631:Political and cultural aftermath
353:August 25, 1998 – Pérez arrested
650:In 2002, the television series
2233:Coalition Against Police Abuse
1760:Full testimony of Rafael PĂ©rez
1500:Grant, Judith (May 22, 2002).
1421:"Editorial On Rampart Scandal"
929:"Editorial; D.A.'s Blind Spot"
804:days. It has gotten worse. ...
564:Rampart investigation cover-up
56:(CRASH) anti-gang unit of the
36:The New Rampart Police Station
1:
2076:Special Investigation Section
1996:Los Angeles Police Department
1941:Los Angeles Police Department
1258:"Last Call at the Short Stop"
1142:Rolling Stone. Archived from
700:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
325:and has since been released.
58:Los Angeles Police Department
2025:Memorial for Fallen Officers
2015:Highland Park Police Station
1728:Markovitz, Jonathan (2011).
1450:"Rampart Scandal: Cover Up?"
1373:"Rampart Scandal: Cover Up?"
814:, based upon the 2002 book
114:did not rehire Police Chief
2159:2007 MacArthur Park rallies
599:On September 19, 2000, the
323:conspiracy to commit murder
2316:
2274:Popular culture portrayals
1291:. wsws.org. March 13, 2000
1021:"Rampart Scandal Timeline"
909:Tom Brown (police officer)
684:The action thriller movie
520:Petersen Automotive Museum
48:scandal which unfolded in
2031:
1872:Coverup and investigation
1765:October 12, 2008, at the
195:duty pistol into Gaines'
2179:Death of Keenan Anderson
2154:North Hollywood shootout
1810:Notable accused officers
601:Los Angeles City Council
581:within the department.
501:On April 16, 2007, the
248:Los Angeles, California
2169:Shooting of Ezell Ford
2149:1992 Los Angeles riots
2086:Threat Management Unit
2081:Mental Evaluation Unit
1332:Wrongful death lawsuit
889:Christopher Commission
806:
764:Straight Outta Compton
710:The crime drama movie
445:Rampart officers wore
159:, following a case of
37:
2055:Metropolitan Division
1946:LAPD Rampart Division
1117:on September 27, 2007
780:a series of shootings
697:' controversial game
605:Department of Justice
337:were missing from an
128:2005 mayoral election
35:
2050:Air Support Division
2020:LAPD Hooper Heliport
1863:The Notorious B.I.G.
1337:May 5, 2007, at the
1166:"David Anthony Mack"
641:Antonio Villaraigosa
507:The Notorious B.I.G.
124:Antonio Villaraigosa
2259:LAPD radio alphabet
1532:Christopher Goffard
1512:on October 12, 2007
1401:on February 7, 2012
1349:Amended Complaint,
1266:. December 14, 2000
1237:Rappleye C (2000).
1146:on January 23, 2009
666:Advancement Project
587:Christopher Wallace
203:In an interview on
134:Timeline of scandal
1664:Deadline Hollywood
792:Subj: Last resort
761:biographical film
718:Billy Bob Thornton
670:William J. Bratton
524:Wilshire Boulevard
489:Ties to the Bloods
373:, PĂ©rez agreed to
168:Mitsubishi Montero
38:
2282:
2281:
1954:
1953:
1915:Death Row Records
1738:978-0-415-88383-2
1540:Los Angeles Times
1263:Los Angeles Times
1219:. August 26, 1998
1217:Los Angeles Times
1059:on April 16, 2005
951:"Rampart Scandal"
904:Police corruption
662:Constance L. Rice
637:South Los Angeles
621:Erwin Chemerinsky
542:Record settlement
479:Death Row Records
273:of a Los Angeles
219:Death Row Records
74:dealing narcotics
46:police corruption
16:(Redirected from
2307:
2264:Special Order 40
2197:Operation Hammer
2060:Rampart Division
2037:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1974:
1967:
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1905:18th Street gang
1898:Gang involvement
1879:Brian S. Bentley
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62:Rampart Division
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237:security guards
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72:, stealing and
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68:, planting of
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440:playing cards
437:
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414:CRASH culture
413:
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397:
396:Mexican Mafia
389:
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346:
345:in May 1998.
344:
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339:evidence room
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311:vomited blood
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19:
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1837:Rafael PĂ©rez
1822:Kevin Gaines
1802:
1752:
1729:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1690:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1662:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1636:
1626:
1614:. Retrieved
1610:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1584:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1548:
1539:
1526:
1516:February 24,
1514:. Retrieved
1510:the original
1505:
1502:"The Shield"
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1454:. Retrieved
1431:September 4,
1429:. Retrieved
1424:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:the original
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1367:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1268:. Retrieved
1261:
1252:
1241:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1216:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:the original
1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
1088:. Retrieved
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1050:
1025:. Retrieved
984:. Retrieved
959:. Retrieved
954:
945:
935:November 14,
933:. Retrieved
923:
876:1990s portal
852:City of Lies
851:
843:City of Lies
842:
841:
815:
811:City of Lies
809:
807:
798:
794:
791:
789:To: America
788:
785:
777:
762:
756:
751:Street Kings
749:
748:(2005), and
743:
739:
735:Training Day
733:
731:
724:
722:
711:
709:
698:
693:The plot of
692:
685:
683:
676:
675:In the film
674:
659:
651:
649:
634:
625:
618:
614:
598:
594:Gil Garcetti
591:
583:
578:civil rights
575:
571:
567:
552:
546:The city of
545:
528:
518:outside the
500:
492:
468:
461:and eights.
444:
425:
421:
417:
408:
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384:
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347:
332:
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303:Rafael PĂ©rez
296:
268:
252:
241:
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215:
208:
202:
180:
174:and flashed
165:
157:self-defense
153:Kevin Gaines
142:
119:
98:
90:
78:bank robbery
41:
39:
29:
2188:Corruption/
1920:Suge Knight
1827:Brian Liddy
1817:Nino Durden
1175:February 1,
1121:October 25,
1063:January 10,
848:Brad Furman
836:Amin Joseph
824:Johnny Depp
822:. Starring
802:Rodney King
773:Suge Knight
705:Los Angeles
558:Los Angeles
548:Los Angeles
477:, owner of
475:Suge Knight
287:millionaire
233:street gang
223:Suge Knight
105:settlements
50:Los Angeles
2289:Categories
2190:misconduct
2003:Facilities
1853:Frank Lyga
1832:David Mack
1485:August 31,
1456:August 31,
1425:Daily News
1405:August 31,
1379:August 31,
1317:August 31,
1295:August 31,
1197:August 31,
1150:August 31,
1090:August 31,
1027:August 31,
986:August 31,
961:August 31,
915:References
653:The Shield
616:the LAPD.
509:, filed a
451:cowboy hat
400:McDonald's
375:cut a deal
343:task force
307:handcuffed
279:David Mack
259:James Hahn
193:Beretta 92
176:gang signs
149:Frank Lyga
145:undercover
112:James Hahn
2269:Sig Alert
2096:Red Squad
2043:Divisions
1753:Frontline
1243:LA Weekly
955:Frontline
723:The film
436:Echo Park
210:Frontline
161:road rage
88:thereof.
86:cover-ups
1763:Archived
1751:PBS.org
1696:June 28,
1670:June 28,
1642:June 28,
1637:Deadline
1616:June 28,
1611:Deadline
1590:June 28,
1585:Deadline
1564:June 28,
1335:Archived
1223:July 14,
862:See also
754:(2008).
742:(2001),
738:(2001),
687:Cellular
380:immunity
371:mistrial
364:Bisquick
147:officer
120:de facto
2242:Related
1846:Victims
1559:Variety
769:Dr. Dre
757:In the
726:Rampart
664:of the
643:in the
471:hip hop
447:tattoos
390:Framing
335:cocaine
186:handgun
183:.45 ACP
126:in the
94:perjury
82:perjury
2300:Bloods
2132:Events
2115:Medals
1993:
1910:Bloods
1736:
713:Faster
516:murder
503:estate
473:mogul
230:Bloods
190:9Ă—19mm
44:was a
2069:Units
1929:Other
1481:. PBS
1452:. PBS
1375:. PBS
1313:. PBS
1086:. PBS
1023:. PBS
982:. PBS
957:. PBS
856:Italy
759:N.W.A
745:Dirty
678:Crash
430:near
172:Buick
155:, in
109:Mayor
1734:ISBN
1698:2019
1672:2019
1644:2019
1618:2019
1592:2019
1566:2019
1518:2007
1487:2012
1458:2012
1433:2014
1407:2012
1381:2012
1319:2012
1297:2012
1272:2022
1225:2016
1199:2012
1177:2015
1152:2012
1123:2022
1092:2012
1065:2015
1029:2012
988:2012
963:2012
937:2014
834:and
459:aces
84:and
40:The
818:by
522:on
457:",
434:in
428:bar
402:on
205:PBS
197:SUV
163:.
60:'s
2291::
1689:.
1661:.
1635:.
1609:.
1583:.
1557:.
1538:.
1504:.
1466:^
1441:^
1423:.
1280:^
1260:.
1215:.
1168:.
1131:^
1100:^
1073:^
1049:.
1037:^
996:^
971:^
953:.
858:.
830:,
647:.
589:.
366:.
313:.
225:.
207:'
178:.
130:.
80:,
76:,
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