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629:. Therefore, outline font characters can be scaled to any size and otherwise transformed with more attractive results than bitmap fonts, but require considerably more processing and may yield undesirable rendering, depending on the font, rendering software, and output size. Even so, outline fonts can be transformed into bitmap fonts beforehand if necessary. The converse transformation is considerably harder since bitmap fonts require a
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678:. Type 1 fonts were restricted to a subset of the PostScript language, and used Adobe's hinting system, which used to be very expensive. Type 3 allowed unrestricted use of the PostScript language, but did not include any hint information, which could lead to visible rendering artifacts on low-resolution devices (such as computer screens and dot-matrix printers).
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savings. For a font developer, editing a glyph by stroke is easier and less prone to error than editing outlines. A stroke-based system also allows scaling glyphs in height or width without altering stroke thickness of the base glyphs. Stroke-based fonts are heavily marketed for East Asian markets for use on embedded devices, but the technology is not limited to
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with the goal of reducing file size. This is particularly important for web fonts, since reducing file size often means reducing page load time and server load. Alternatively, fonts may be issued in different files for different regions of the world, though with the spread of the OpenType format this is now increasingly uncommon.
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Bitmap fonts are faster and easier to create in computer code than other font types, but they are not scalable: a bitmap font requires a separate font for each size. Outline and stroke fonts can be resized in a single font by substituting different measurements for components of each glyph, but they
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A typical font may contain hundreds or even thousands of glyphs, often representing characters from many different languages. Oftentimes, users may only need a small subset of the glyphs that are available to them. Subsetting is the process of removing unnecessary glyphs from a font file, usually
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The primary disadvantage of bitmap fonts is that the visual quality tends to be poor when scaled or otherwise transformed, compared to outline and stroke fonts, and providing many optimized and purpose-made sizes of the same font dramatically increases memory usage. The earliest bitmap fonts were
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have to be used to reduce the visual impact of this problem, which requires sophisticated software that is difficult to implement correctly. Many modern desktop computer systems include software to do this, but they use considerably more processing power than bitmap fonts, and there can be minor
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of the glyph. The advantages of stroke-based fonts over outline fonts include reducing the number of vertices needed to define a glyph, allowing the same vertices to be used to generate a font with a different weight, glyph width, or serifs using different stroke rules, and the associated size
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The limited processing power and memory of early computer systems forced the exclusive use of bitmap fonts. Improvements in hardware have allowed them to be replaced with outline or stroke fonts in cases where arbitrary scaling is desirable, but bitmap fonts are still in common use in embedded
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Although
Monotype and Bitstream have claimed tremendous space saving using stroke-based fonts on East Asian character sets, most of the space saving comes from building composite glyphs, which is part of the TrueType specification and does not require a stroke-based approach.
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on bitmap fonts whose size does not match the size that the application requests. This technique works well for making the font smaller but not as well for increasing the size, as it tends to blur the edges. Some graphics systems that use bitmap fonts, especially those of
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are more complicated to render on screen or in print than bitmap fonts because they require additional computer code to render the bitmaps to display on screen and in print. Although all font types are still in use, most fonts used on computers today are outline fonts.
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of glyphs. For each variant of the font, there is a complete set of glyph images, with each set containing an image for each character. For example, if a font has three sizes, and any combination of bold and italic, then there must be 12 complete sets of images.
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and straight line segments, or by filling such paths. Although when stroking a path the envelope of the stroke is never actually generated, the method causes no loss of accuracy or resolution. The method
Metafont uses is more mathematically complex because the
693:. It was intended to replace Type 1 fonts, which many felt were too expensive. Unlike Type 1 fonts, TrueType glyphs are described with quadratic Bezier curves. It is currently very popular and implementations exist for all major operating systems.
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rendering defects, particularly at small font sizes. Despite this, they are frequently used because people often consider the ability to freely scale fonts, without incurring any pixelation, to be important enough to justify the defects and increased
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uses a different sort of glyph description. Like TrueType, it is a vector font description system. It draws glyphs using strokes produced by moving a polygonal or elliptical pen approximated by a polygon along a path made from cubic
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With stroke-based fonts, the same stroke paths can be filled with different stroke profiles resulting in different visual shapes without the need to specify the vertex positions of each outline, as is the case with outline
374:. When displaying a text, typically an operating system properly represents the "shades of gray" as intermediate colors between the color of the font and that of the background. However, if the text is represented as an
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used by them cannot be rendered accurately onto a raster display (such as most computer monitors and printers), and their rendering can change shape depending on the desired size and position. Measures such as
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using their own internal fonts, usually with thin single strokes instead of thickly outlined glyphs. The advent of desktop publishing brought the need for a common standard to integrate the
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fonts use a series of specified lines and additional information to define the size and shape of the line in a specific typeface, which together determines the appearance of the glyph.
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The difference between bitmap fonts and outline fonts is similar to the difference between bitmap and vector image file formats. Bitmap fonts are like image formats such as
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To draw a string using a bitmap font means to successively output bitmaps of each character that the string comprises, performing per-character indentation.
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A glyph's outline is defined by the vertices of individual stroke paths, and the corresponding stroke profiles. The stroke paths are a kind of
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A "trace" program can follow the outline of a high-resolution bitmap font and create an initial outline that a font designer uses to create an
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on fonts and other bitmaps, which avoids blurring the font while introducing little objectionable distortion at moderate increases in size.
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452:(.tif or .tiff), which store the image data as a grid of pixels, in some cases with compression. Outline or stroke image formats such as
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only available in certain optimized sizes such as 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 points (assuming a resolution of 96
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format (.svg), store instructions in the form of lines and curves of how to draw the image rather than storing the image itself.
235:(each character has its own width). However, the particular font-handling application can affect the spacing, particularly when
213:, drawing instructions and mathematical formulae to describe each glyph, which make the character outlines scalable to any size.
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refers to the digital equivalent of a typeface. Since the 1990s, many people outside the printing industry have used the word
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231:(i.e. every character is plotted a constant distance from the previous character that it is next to while drawing) or
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This article is about font technology. For information about the typographic appearance of individual font sets, see
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size. Some systems using bitmap fonts can create some font variants algorithmically. For example, the original
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Unscaled bitmap fonts always give exactly the same output when displayed on the same specification display
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Best for very low-quality or small-size displays where the font needs to be fine-tuned to display clearly
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refers to the collection of related fonts across styles and sizes (for example, all the varieties of
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to guess and approximate the corresponding curves if the pixels do not make a straight line.
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used bitmap fonts; often stored in the memory of the printer and addressed by the computer's
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126:. A computer font specifically designed for the computer screen, and not for printing, is a
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830:, a United States district court case regarding copyright protection for computer fonts
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598:(What You See Is What You Get). This common standard was (and still is) Adobe
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systems and other places where speed and simplicity are considered important.
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developed DigiType, a stroke-based font format. In 2006, the creators of the
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753:) have independently developed stroke-based font types and font engines.
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computer could produce bold by widening vertical strokes and oblique by
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the image. At non-native sizes, many text rendering systems perform
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Comparison between printed (top) and digital (bottom) versions of
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479:. Outline fonts scale easily without jagged edges or blurriness.
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410:, introducing rough jagged edges. More advanced systems perform
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There are three basic kinds of computer font file data formats:
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138:
1142:
996:"FZX: a new standard format and driver for proportional fonts"
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448:
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background, "shades of gray" require an image format allowing
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36:
1138:
712:. OpenType fonts contain outlines in either the TrueType or
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An assortment of bitmap fonts from the first version of the
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representing the image of each glyph in each face and size.
570:, consisting of lines and curves defining the boundary of
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announced a representation for stroke-based fonts called
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Jakubiak, Elena J.; Perry, Ronald N.; Frisken, Sarah F.
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or a pixel font. Bitmap fonts are simply collections of
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The primary advantage of outline fonts is that, unlike
544:
Packed bitmap font bitmap file for TeX DVI drivers (PK)
205:
fonts (including, and sometimes used as a synonym for,
594:. The term to describe the integration technology was
674:, the glyphs are outline fonts described with cubic
354:
Monochrome fonts vis-Ă -vis fonts with shades of gray
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1994:
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1239:
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909:, a high-quality anti-aliased text-rendering engine
920:, includes methods of font embedding into websites
122:. A computer font is designed and created using a
1123:Font Technologies chapter of the LDP's Font-HOWTO
1069:An Improved Representation for Stroke-based Fonts
145:, size, width, weight, slope, etc. (for example,
141:is a set of pieces of movable type in a specific
778:of a BĂ©zier can be 10th order algebraic curves.
636:Outline fonts have a major problem, in that the
602:. Examples of outline fonts include: PostScript
716:format together with a wide range of metadata.
827:Adobe Systems, Inc. v. Southern Software, Inc.
2091:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
1154:
994:Einar Saukas and Andrew Owen (12 June 2013).
869:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
670:for professional digital typesetting. Using
8:
1633:
797:of uniform-width stroke-based fonts (USFs).
749:(iType) and Type Solutions, Inc. (owned by
27:Digital description of a typographical font
1571:
1295:
1161:
1147:
1139:
1088:"History and technology of computer fonts"
2117:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
689:is a font system originally developed by
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
486:
118:containing a set of graphically related
50:This article includes a list of general
1092:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
930:
547:FZX a proportional bitmap font for the
394:Bitmap fonts look best at their native
1043:"Vector Graphics & Path Rendering"
1011:"The raster tragedy at low resolution"
523:Microsoft Windows bitmapped font (FON)
263:A bitmap font is one that stores each
195:fonts consist of a matrix of dots or
7:
1135:Over 50 entries with helpful diagram
291:Advantages of bitmap fonts include:
704:is a smart font system designed by
295:Extremely fast and simple to render
275:). It is less commonly known as a
574:. Early vector fonts were used by
541:(SFN, also supports outline fonts)
298:Easier to create than other kinds.
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2130:
2129:
506:Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format
169:, and related technologies, the
41:
1049:from the original on 2014-08-13
950:from the original on 2015-09-01
526:Amiga Font, ColorFont, AnimFont
360:final rendering of vector fonts
1041:Mark Kilgard (10 April 2012).
745:Commercial developers include
358:Digital bitmap fonts (and the
343:. Bitmap fonts may be used in
1:
2086:History of Western typography
1118:Finding Fonts FAQ (Microsoft)
520:Sun X11/NeWS format (BF, AFM)
320:Bitmap fonts are used in the
1933:traditional point-size names
491:A bitmap color font for the
114:is implemented as a digital
1186:Canons of page construction
970:"BMF – ByteMap font format"
408:nearest-neighbor resampling
2172:
1009:Stamm, Beat (1998-03-25).
471:useful in systems such as
258:Macintosh operating system
153:Expanded 14 point), and a
29:
2125:
1343:Subscript and superscript
834:Apple Advanced Typography
761:Stroke-based font formats
443:Portable Network Graphics
2101:Vox-ATypI classification
1231:Intentionally blank page
648:computational complexity
584:graphical user interface
500:Portable Compiled Format
461:Scalable Vector Graphics
419:, apply curve-sensitive
771:composite BĂ©zier curves
664:Type 1 and Type 3 fonts
659:Type 1 and Type 3 fonts
604:Type 1 and Type 3 fonts
71:more precise citations.
1634:
1133:Glossary of Font Terms
1128:Microsoft's font guide
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495:
260:
133:In the terminology of
107:
791:Stylized Stroke Fonts
727:
517:DECWindows Font (DWF)
490:
255:
171:font family attribute
102:
1971:Typographic features
940:"Anti-Anti-Aliasing"
735:topological skeleton
654:Outline font formats
539:Scalable Screen Font
512:Server Normal Format
421:nonlinear resampling
384:partial transparency
2096:Technical lettering
1995:Typography in other
1736:Hanging punctuation
1086:Wright, T. (1998).
907:Saffron Type System
787:Saffron Type System
631:heuristic algorithm
566:are collections of
483:Bitmap font formats
449:Tagged Image Format
423:algorithms such as
337:dot matrix printers
2156:Digital typography
2059:Handwriting script
1986:Desktop publishing
1956:Character encoding
1949:Digital typography
1463:Horizontal aspects
1416:Visual distinction
1274:Widows and orphans
731:
720:Stroke-based fonts
666:were developed by
529:ByteMap Font (BMF)
496:
458:format (.wmf) and
261:
135:movable metal type
108:
2143:
2142:
1890:Typographic units
1808:For position only
1707:
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1104:10.1109/85.667294
913:Unicode typefaces
874:List of typefaces
149:bold 12 point or
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16:(Redirected from
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2133:
2132:
2110:Related template
2042:Related articles
1843:Phototypesetting
1697:reverse-contrast
1682:Display typeface
1639:
1616:Blackletter type
1572:
1509:Vertical aspects
1490:Sentence spacing
1300:Typeface anatomy
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1071:. SIGGRAPH 2006.
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1019:. Archived from
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839:Display typeface
795:memory footprint
455:Windows Metafile
370:. The latter is
333:embedded systems
329:recovery console
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67:this article by
58:inline citations
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1045:. p. 28.
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938:Gruber, John.
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682:TrueType fonts
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592:laser printers
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437:Windows Bitmap
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368:shades of gray
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586:of the first
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568:vector images
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560:Outline fonts
555:Outline fonts
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112:computer font
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53:
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39:
38:
33:
19:
2081:Type foundry
1918:Metric units
1848:Punchcutting
1833:Movable type
1803:Font catalog
1790:
1763:Vertical bar
1500:Word spacing
1470:Figure space
1353:Text figures
1196:Even working
1098:(2): 30–34.
1095:
1091:
1068:
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1036:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1014:
1004:
998:. p. 1.
989:
977:. Retrieved
973:
964:
952:. Retrieved
943:
933:
849:Font hinting
825:
814:
799:
780:
764:
755:
744:
732:
700:
685:
662:
643:font hinting
635:
623:bitmap fonts
620:
616:Compugraphic
564:vector fonts
563:
559:
558:
469:outline font
466:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
433:
393:
375:
372:anti-aliased
357:
349:
345:cross-stitch
341:print driver
319:
315:
307:
290:
276:
271:(that is, a
262:
248:Bitmap fonts
233:proportional
226:
222:
216:
206:
202:
192:
187:
182:
174:
132:
127:
111:
109:
83:
77:January 2014
74:
55:
2076:Type design
2071:Style guide
2064:Calligraphy
2054:Handwriting
1868:Type design
1818:Lorem ipsum
1813:Letterpress
1773:Typesetting
1713:Punctuation
1677:Record type
1648:Gaelic type
1636:Schwabacher
1526:Body height
1391:Letter case
1259:Line length
954:5 September
889:Typesetting
783:DynaComware
549:ZX Spectrum
446:(.png) and
380:transparent
279:raster font
209:fonts) use
128:screen font
124:font editor
69:introducing
18:Raster font
2049:Penmanship
2021:East Asian
1863:Type color
1796:monospaced
1753:Interpunct
1746:minus sign
1670:Specialist
1606:Sans-serif
1599:slab serif
1576:Roman type
1531:Cap height
1495:Thin space
1454:Whitespace
1406:Title case
1401:Snake case
1396:Small caps
1381:Camel case
1313:Diacritics
1221:Pull quote
1216:Pagination
1211:Paper size
1170:Typography
1053:2014-08-19
1027:2015-08-10
925:References
811:Subsetting
672:PostScript
627:pixelation
600:PostScript
473:PostScript
364:monochrome
362:) may use
243:Font types
229:monospaced
52:references
1546:Overshoot
1541:Mean line
1536:Descender
1449:Underline
1291:Character
1269:Runaround
1249:Alignment
1241:Paragraph
1016:Microsoft
859:FontForge
781:In 2004,
740:ideograms
710:Microsoft
691:Apple Inc
588:Macintosh
417:emulators
159:Gill Sans
147:Gill Sans
116:data file
2150:Category
2135:Category
2014:PT Fonts
2009:Cyrillic
1873:Typeface
1791:computer
1692:fat face
1565:Typeface
1551:x-height
1521:Baseline
1516:Ascender
1376:All caps
1338:Rotation
1333:Ligature
1328:Ink trap
1047:Archived
948:Archived
902:MetaPost
884:Typeface
879:OpenType
864:FreeType
820:See also
766:Metafont
702:OpenType
687:TrueType
612:OpenType
608:TrueType
493:Amiga OS
477:TrueType
440:(.bmp),
404:shearing
335:. Older
183:typeface
155:typeface
143:typeface
105:Perpetua
32:Typeface
1961:Hinting
1838:Pangram
1656:Insular
1629:Rotunda
1624:Fraktur
1589:Antiqua
1475:Kerning
1444:Oblique
1439:Italics
1386:Initial
1318:Dingbat
1308:Counter
1254:Leading
854:Fontlab
844:Kerning
807:fonts.
805:SHX/SHP
801:AutoCAD
596:WYSIWYG
390:Scaling
326:Windows
207:outline
179:synonym
151:Century
65:improve
2004:Arabic
1903:Cicero
1741:Hyphen
1726:Bullet
1687:script
1661:Uncial
1594:Didone
1358:Tittle
1201:Margin
1191:Column
979:9 June
900:, and
729:fonts.
572:glyphs
331:, and
273:bitmap
269:pixels
217:Stroke
203:Vector
197:pixels
193:Bitmap
161:). In
120:glyphs
54:, but
1928:Point
1898:Agate
1758:Space
1584:Serif
1485:Pitch
1348:Swash
1323:Glyph
1264:River
898:LaTeX
803:uses
706:Adobe
668:Adobe
535:(PSF)
514:(SNF)
508:(BDF)
502:(PCF)
425:2xSaI
396:pixel
378:with
376:image
322:Linux
265:glyph
177:as a
2026:Thai
1940:Twip
1923:Pica
1878:list
1858:Sort
1786:Font
1731:Dash
1717:List
1429:Bold
1279:runt
1178:Page
981:2019
956:2015
708:and
614:and
590:and
578:and
429:hq3x
181:for
175:font
163:HTML
139:font
137:, a
1100:doi
974:BMF
894:TeX
714:CFF
562:or
475:or
427:or
366:or
311:DPI
167:CSS
2152::
1913:En
1908:Em
1096:20
1094:.
1090:.
1013:.
972:.
946:.
942:.
896:,
742:.
650:.
618:.
610:,
606:,
386:.
347:.
239:.
185:.
165:,
130:.
110:A
1719:)
1715:(
1162:e
1155:t
1148:v
1106:.
1102::
1056:.
1030:.
983:.
958:.
90:)
84:(
79:)
75:(
61:.
34:.
20:)
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