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is a table of the calculated positions of astronomical objects and various other data, usually for a specific time of the day, either noon or midnight. A uniform time measurement is needed to establish accuracy, and ephemerides will use variously
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between c. 1837–1847. Smith is sometimes confused with ‘Edwin
Raphael’, who in fact was the pseudonym for the succeeding Raphael, (number four) a certain Mr. Wakeley (d. 1852). Number five was a Mr. Sparkes (1820–1875), editor of the
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was issued as a separate publication after Smith’s death, whilst others adopted and continued with the name 'Raphael'. The "second
Raphael" was John Palmer (1807–1837), a former student of Smith's, who edited
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and dates back to ancient
Babylon. However, ephemerides became highly useful to navigators and astronomers, and were officially recognised by governments from about the
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The latest ephemerides have been calculated using data obtained from the astronomical ephemerides produced by NASA’s Jet
Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
176:(1795–1832), a former carpenter who had developed an interest in astrology. Smith first used the pseudonym in 1824 when he edited a periodical called
194:, which was read widely by astrologers of the day, and contributed to a renaissance of interest in astrology in the nineteenth century.
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Brau, Jean-Louis, Weaver, Helen, and
Edwards, Allan, Larousse Encyclopedia of Astrology, New York: New American Library, 1982.
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230:(1850–1923) became the next Raphael, obtaining the copyright to the publication at some time in the 1870s.
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The Guide to
Astrology: containing a complete system of genethliacal astrology, by Raphael, 1905.
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245:, nowadays issued by W. Foulsham, a British publisher founded in 1819. (They first published
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in the early nineteenth century. 'Raphael', the name given to one of three archangels in the
241:(d. 1668). Placidus house tables, for locations in northern latitudes, are still listed in
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The
Columbia Electronic Encyclopaedia, (Sixth Edition), Columbia University Press, 2011.
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A Manual of
Astrology, or The Book of the Stars, by Raphael (Robert Cross Smith) 1828.
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Papon, Donald, The Lure of the
Heavens - A History of Astrology, Samuel Weiser, 1980.
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Lewis, James R., Astrology
Encyclopaedia, Detroit: Gale Research, 1994.
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Robert Cross Smith was also responsible for popularising the system of
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to determine the position of the Sun, Moon and planets. Raphael was a
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was a relative failure, but by 1827 Smith had assumed editorship of
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The Familiar Astrologer, by Raphael (Robert Cross Smith) 1832.
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226:, an astrologer/inventor whose almanac dates back to 1831.)
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in 1834; the third was a Mr. Medhurst, the editor of the
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Howe, Ellic, The Royal Merlin, London: Arborfield, 1964.
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division known as the Placidean, after the Italian monk
184:. He also referred to himself as the ‘Royal Merlin’.
145:, was published in France in 1679. In 1767 came the
98:used by the original author of the ephemeris,
316:‘The Seven Faces of Raphael’, by Kim Farnell
141:. The first national astronomical ephemeris,
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16:Table used to determine positions of planets
214:from 1852 to 1872, who even briefly edited
147:Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris
133:. Historically, the ephemeris was used for
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
182:The Astrologer of the Nineteenth Century
32:This article includes a list of general
261:
203:Raphael's Sanctuary of the Astral Art
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222:. ('Zadkiel' was the pseudonym of
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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160:was first issued as part of an
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172:, was used as a pseudonym by
90:, or set of tables, used in
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218:’ main rival at the time,
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188:The Straggling Astrologer
178:The Straggling Astrologer
180:, later re-published as
192:The Prophetic Messenger
166:The Prophetic Messenger
53:more precise citations.
224:Richard James Morrison
346:Astrological almanacs
143:Connaissance de Temps
243:Raphael's Ephemeris
228:Robert Thomas Cross
216:Raphael's Ephemeris
212:Prophetic Messenger
207:Prophetic Messenger
198:Raphael's Ephemeris
158:Raphael's Ephemeris
139:early modern period
123:Greenwich Mean Time
83:Raphael's Ephemeris
235:astrological house
174:Robert Cross Smith
153:Publishing history
100:Robert Cross Smith
239:Placidus de Titus
220:Zadkiel's Almanac
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256:References
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247:Raphael's
164:entitled
135:astrology
118:ephemeris
112:Ephemeris
96:pseudonym
92:astrology
88:ephemeris
340:Category
162:almanac
106:History
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