941:
40:
937:. Dangar Fa then had the kingdom divided into seventeen parts and parcelled out to the remaining princes. These actions may have been done to preempt a potential fratricidal war among his sons over the succession, as well as out of a potential fear that Ratna would dominate his brothers in such a conflict. Ratna however, considered this expulsion to be an act of conspiracy against him and began working to gain the throne.
163:
1051:
Ratna's reign is believed to have ended around 1487, concluding a period of peace and progress. It has been viewed as one of the most glorious eras in
Tripura's history. Though his rule had laid a stable foundation for his dynasty, his death precipitated a period of confusion and anarchy, with army
972:
Upon his ascension to the throne, Ratna began an extensive administrative reform of his new kingdom, modelling the changes on his observations of the government of Bengal. The previously unproductive feudal system was reorganised and the government became more complex, with greater numbers of civil
1055:
It may also be that Ratna had done harm to the security and sovereignty of
Tripura in the long term. It has been argued that by enlisting the aid of Bengal in his bid for the throne, he had opened the floodgates for future incursions by the neighbouring state. His costly gifts to Barbak Shah had
1001:. Two members of the latter group, Khandava Ghosha and Pandita Raja, rose to become respected members of Ratna's council of ministers on account of their merit. These cultural influences began a process of acculturation, serving to gradually transform Tripura from its previous semi-tribal state.
925:
Traditional accounts state that Ratna was the youngest of the eighteen sons of his father, who is named as Dangar Fa (presumably Dharma
Manikya). According to legend, Ratna (then known as Ratna Fa) had proven himself to be the worthiest for the throne out of his brothers by passing a test set by
926:
their father. The King supposedly had a table set for dinner for the princes, but just as they were about to start eating, thirty hungry dogs were released into the room, despoiling their food. Ratna however, was able to save his meal by throwing rice to the dogs, thus proving his intelligence.
878:
from 1462 to the late 1480s. Though he had gained the throne by overthrowing his predecessor, Ratna's reign was notable for the peace and prosperity it had entailed in the region. He extensively reformed and modernised the government and closely allied it with neighbouring
901:, with historians initially placing his reign in the latter half of the thirteenth century. However, coins bearing his name were subsequently discovered which instead proved that his rule had continued until at least 1467. This would place it as being after that of
1004:
This
Bengali influence was further felt in the currency, with Ratna being the first monarch to mint coins, mimicking the weight and fabric of those struck by the Sultans of Bengal, whilst also providing evidence of the religious conditions at the time. Though the
1043:. Historian Ramani Mohan Sarma concludes that, in reference to Tripuri society as a whole, this displayed "the final transformation of the Mongoloid (Bodo) pantheon of an important section of the Indo-Mongoloids into the orthodox Hindu pantheon of the Paranas".
952:). With the latter's military aid, he launched an assault against Tripura, defeating its armies and taking the throne. Ratna then had his seventeen brothers imprisoned while his father was expelled from the kingdom, later dying in exile. The
984:
Particularly influential were Ratna's experiences with
Bengali Hindus, which resulted in him requesting Barbak Shah to send some to live in Tripura. Four thousand families were dispatched, settling in the ancient capital
989:, as well as Ratnapur, Yasopur and Hirapur. These were professionals, cultivators and artisans employed to bring the administrative and economic state of Tripura in-line with that of Bengal. Among them were
933:
however, doesn't suggest that Ratna had been shown any special favour by his father. Rather, it states that he was sent as a hostage to the royal court in neighbouring
1060:
in the following decades, as well as subsequent assaults in the 17th century. All these served towards a general corrosion of the power of
Tripura's rulers.
846:
981:
languages were introduced into the administration in light of the closer ties to Bengal and resources were delegated to the improvement of agriculture.
956:
continues that Ratna later revisited Bengal and in gratitude for the Sultan's help, he presented to him an elaborately caparisoned elephant and a ruby (
948:
Through his charisma and intelligence, he is said to have gained the affection of the Sultan of Bengal (who chronological evidence identifies as being
1052:
leaders gaining considerable influence. The reigns of his immediate successors were subsequently cut short as a result of military intrigues.
1553:
1488:
1446:
1414:
909:, where Dharma is described as being Ratna's great-grandson, as well as proving that the latter could not have been the first to be called
1056:
revealed the wealth of
Tripura to the foreign court, possibly tempting them towards invasion. This may be shown by the multiple raids of
1504:. Proceedings of the North East India History Association, First Session, Shillong, 1980. North East India History Association. Session.
1467:
1031:(fourteen deities). All of this indicates that Ratna patronised all sects equally and, alongside records of his charitable deeds (
839:
734:
724:
1588:
832:
1583:
746:
714:
201:
1480:
Crossing the
Frontiers of Conflict in the North East and Jammu and Kashmir: From Real Politik to Ideal Politik
897:, the royal chronicle of Tripura, describes Ratna as the first of the kingdoms rulers to assume the title of
684:
674:
949:
1085:
As previously noted, this is disproved by earlier monarchs of
Tripura having already possessed the name.
694:
664:
644:
634:
594:
940:
1057:
624:
309:
289:
704:
654:
45:
917:
cognomen had been associated with the dynasty for a number of generations prior to his ascension.
1027:
185:
177:
39:
1549:
1543:
1484:
1463:
1442:
1410:
821:
519:
499:
389:
369:
319:
116:
1425:
986:
978:
974:
934:
902:
880:
789:
781:
604:
554:
489:
479:
469:
459:
259:
229:
151:
76:
1025:
through the titles and legends he employed. Other coins also mention his veneration of the
813:
765:
569:
529:
439:
429:
419:
141:
875:
584:
539:
409:
379:
339:
329:
279:
249:
125:
121:
86:
54:
905:, who had reigned the previous decade. This contradicts the narrative provided by the
1577:
509:
349:
269:
129:
449:
359:
299:
213:
1564:
1545:
Lost
Opportunities: 50 Years of Insurgency in the North-east and India's Response
1532:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1478:
1457:
1436:
1404:
1035:), show his attempt to adhere to the ideal of a Hindu ruler as advised in the
797:
1014:
998:
871:
773:
166:
17:
1036:
1032:
1022:
990:
893:
805:
136:
913:. It is now believed that Ratna was in fact Dharma's son and that the
1438:
The Standard Guide to South Asian Coins and Paper Money Since 1556 AD
1040:
1010:
994:
1501:
Causes of the tribal uprisings in Tripura in the nineteenth century
1018:
939:
1322:
1320:
1209:
1207:
1131:
1129:
960:) as gifts. In response, the Sultan awarded him the title of
964:, which supposedly from then on became a dynastic cognomen.
162:
1427:
Tripura Administration: The Era of Modernisation, 1870-1972
1017:, this numismatic evidence also alludes to his worship of
1534:
An Introduction to the History of the Manikyas of Tripura
883:, resulting in a lasting cultural influence in Tripura.
1537:. Shillong: North Eastern Hill University Publications.
1566:
British Relations with the State of Tripura, 1760-1947
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1104:
1102:
1170:
1168:
759:
745:
733:
723:
713:
703:
693:
683:
673:
663:
653:
643:
633:
623:
613:
603:
593:
583:
568:
553:
538:
528:
518:
508:
498:
488:
478:
468:
458:
448:
438:
428:
418:
408:
398:
388:
378:
368:
358:
348:
338:
328:
318:
308:
298:
288:
278:
268:
258:
248:
238:
228:
212:
176:
157:
147:
135:
115:
107:
96:
92:
82:
72:
60:
53:
32:
1076:βManikyaβ translates to "reddish stone" or "ruby".
1009:references Ratna's devotion to the Hindu deities
1326:
1213:
1147:
1135:
840:
8:
1287:
1275:
973:servants being employed to maintain it. The
847:
833:
196:
38:
29:
1406:Lands of early dawn: North East of India
1098:
1069:
1512:Tribes of Tripura: A Historical Survey
173:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1311:
1299:
1263:
1244:
1232:
1198:
1186:
1120:
1108:
7:
1159:
1174:
1483:. New Delhi: Shipra Publications.
1424:Bhattacharyya, Banikantha (1986).
944:Coin of Ratnamanikya I with dragon
25:
1548:. New Delhi: Lancer Publishers.
1459:Tripura, the land and its people
161:
1509:Saha, Sudhanshu Bikash (1986).
1456:Gan-Chaudhuri, Jagadis (1980).
1:
1430:. Delhi: Mittal Publications.
1403:Bhattacharji, Romesh (2002).
863:
574:
559:
544:
218:
100:
65:
1563:Sur, Hirendra Kumar (1986).
1523:Political History of Tripura
1520:Sarma, Ramani Mohan (1987).
1498:Roychoudhury, N. R. (1980).
735:Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya
1531:Singh, Jai Prakash (1999).
1605:
1462:. Leeladevi Publications.
725:Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya
828:
820:
812:
804:
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
208:
199:
195:
191:
183:
48:of Ratna Manikya I (1464)
37:
1435:Bruce, Colin R. (1981).
776:(Capital of the kingdom)
715:Birendra Kishore Manikya
1569:. Saraswati Book Depot.
1441:. Krause Publications.
751:1978βpresent (titular)
685:Krishna Kishore Manikya
950:Rukunuddin Barbak Shah
945:
1542:Sinha, S. P. (2007).
1477:Nayar, V. K. (2005).
943:
887:Dating and chronology
866:1487), also known as
760:Tripura monarchy data
747:Kirit Pradyot Manikya
695:Ishan Chandra Manikya
675:Kashi Chandra Manikya
1515:. Rupali Book House.
1327:Gan-Chaudhuri (1980)
1214:Gan-Chaudhuri (1980)
1148:Bhattacharyya (1986)
1136:Bhattacharyya (1986)
1058:Alauddin Husain Shah
1288:Roychoudhury (1980)
1276:Bhattacharji (2002)
741:1949β1978 (titular)
705:Bir Chandra Manikya
55:Maharaja of Tripura
27:Maharaja of Tripura
1589:History of Tripura
1028:Chaturdasha Devata
946:
665:Rama Ganga Manikya
645:Rama Ganga Manikya
635:Rajdhar Manikya II
595:Vijaya Manikya III
186:History of Tripura
178:Kingdom of Tripura
1555:978-81-7062-162-1
1490:978-81-7541-218-7
1448:978-0-87341-069-4
1416:978-81-7167-963-8
1409:. Rupa & Co.
1377:, pp. 46β47.
857:
856:
822:Chaturdasa Devata
808:(Royal chronicle)
800:(Royal residence)
792:(Royal residence)
784:(Royal residence)
755:
754:
520:Dharma Manikya II
500:Dharma Manikya II
390:Yashodhar Manikya
370:Rajdhar Manikya I
320:Vijaya Manikya II
172:
171:
16:(Redirected from
1596:
1584:Kings of Tripura
1570:
1559:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1505:
1494:
1473:
1452:
1431:
1420:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1047:Death and legacy
903:Dharma Manikya I
865:
849:
842:
835:
824:(Family deities)
790:Pushbanta Palace
782:Ujjayanta Palace
605:Lakshman Manikya
579:
576:
564:
563: 1744β1746
561:
555:Indra Manikya II
549:
548: 1739β1744
546:
490:Mahendra Manikya
480:Ratna Manikya II
470:Narendra Manikya
460:Ratna Manikya II
260:Vijaya Manikya I
230:Dharma Manikya I
223:
220:
202:Kings of Tripura
197:
174:
165:
152:Dharma Manikya I
111:Lakshmi Mahadevi
102:
77:Dharma Manikya I
67:
42:
30:
21:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1574:
1573:
1562:
1556:
1541:
1530:
1519:
1508:
1497:
1491:
1476:
1470:
1455:
1449:
1434:
1423:
1417:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1353:, p. 1796.
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1220:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1049:
970:
923:
889:
860:Ratna Manikya I
853:
814:Tripura Buranji
766:Manikya dynasty
740:
625:Krishna Manikya
577:
570:Udai Manikya II
562:
547:
530:Mukunda Manikya
440:Govinda Manikya
430:Chhatra Manikya
420:Govinda Manikya
310:Indra Manikya I
240:Ratna Manikya I
221:
204:
142:Manikya dynasty
128:
124:
49:
33:Ratna Manikya I
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1539:
1528:
1517:
1506:
1495:
1489:
1474:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1432:
1421:
1415:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1316:
1304:
1302:, p. 129.
1292:
1290:, p. 105.
1280:
1278:, p. 273.
1268:
1249:
1237:
1218:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1177:, p. 220.
1164:
1162:, p. 168.
1152:
1140:
1125:
1113:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1048:
1045:
969:
966:
922:
919:
888:
885:
855:
854:
852:
851:
844:
837:
829:
826:
825:
818:
817:
810:
809:
802:
801:
794:
793:
786:
785:
778:
777:
770:
769:
768:(Royal family)
762:
761:
757:
756:
753:
752:
749:
743:
742:
737:
731:
730:
727:
721:
720:
717:
711:
710:
707:
701:
700:
697:
691:
690:
687:
681:
680:
677:
671:
670:
667:
661:
660:
657:
651:
650:
647:
641:
640:
637:
631:
630:
627:
621:
620:
617:
611:
610:
607:
601:
600:
597:
591:
590:
587:
585:Joy Manikya II
581:
580:
572:
566:
565:
557:
551:
550:
542:
540:Joy Manikya II
536:
535:
532:
526:
525:
522:
516:
515:
512:
506:
505:
502:
496:
495:
492:
486:
485:
482:
476:
475:
472:
466:
465:
462:
456:
455:
452:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
432:
426:
425:
422:
416:
415:
412:
410:Kalyan Manikya
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
392:
386:
385:
382:
380:Ishwar Manikya
376:
375:
372:
366:
365:
362:
356:
355:
352:
346:
345:
342:
340:Udai Manikya I
336:
335:
332:
330:Ananta Manikya
326:
325:
322:
316:
315:
312:
306:
305:
302:
296:
295:
292:
290:Dhwaja Manikya
286:
285:
282:
280:Dhanya Manikya
276:
275:
272:
266:
265:
262:
256:
255:
252:
250:Pratap Manikya
246:
245:
242:
236:
235:
232:
226:
225:
216:
210:
209:
206:
205:
200:
193:
192:
189:
188:
181:
180:
170:
169:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
126:Pratap Manikya
122:Dhanya Manikya
119:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
98:
94:
93:
90:
89:
87:Pratap Manikya
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
62:
58:
57:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1601:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1526:. Puthipatra.
1525:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1469:9788121004480
1465:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1389:, p. 49.
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1365:, p. 46.
1364:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1341:, p. 47.
1340:
1335:
1332:
1329:, p. 21.
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1314:, p. 69.
1313:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1266:, p. 45.
1265:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1235:, p. 44.
1234:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1216:, p. 20.
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:, p. 43.
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:, p. 39.
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1150:, p. 15.
1149:
1144:
1141:
1138:, p. 14.
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:, p. 38.
1122:
1117:
1114:
1111:, p. 48.
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
982:
980:
976:
967:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
942:
938:
936:
932:
927:
920:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:
886:
884:
882:
877:
873:
869:
861:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
750:
748:
744:
738:
736:
732:
728:
726:
722:
718:
716:
712:
708:
706:
702:
698:
696:
692:
688:
686:
682:
678:
676:
672:
668:
666:
662:
658:
656:
655:Durga Manikya
652:
648:
646:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
626:
622:
618:
616:
612:
608:
606:
602:
598:
596:
592:
588:
586:
582:
573:
571:
567:
558:
556:
552:
543:
541:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
521:
517:
513:
511:
510:Jagat Manikya
507:
503:
501:
497:
493:
491:
487:
483:
481:
477:
473:
471:
467:
463:
461:
457:
453:
451:
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
431:
427:
423:
421:
417:
413:
411:
407:
403:
401:
397:
393:
391:
387:
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1397:Bibliography
1387:Sarma (1987)
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1375:Sarma (1987)
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1363:Sarma (1987)
1358:
1351:Bruce (1981)
1346:
1339:Sarma (1987)
1334:
1312:Nayar (2005)
1307:
1300:Sinha (2007)
1295:
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1264:Sarma (1987)
1247:, p. 8.
1245:Singh (1999)
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1187:Sarma (1987)
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450:Rama Manikya
399:
360:Amar Manikya
300:Deva Manikya
239:
214:Maha Manikya
1160:Saha (1986)
816:(Chronicle)
615:Interregnum
609:1740s/1750s
578: 1744
400:Interregnum
222: 1400
73:Predecessor
1578:Categories
1175:Sur (1986)
1093:References
870:, was the
619:1750sβ1760
999:Kayasthas
987:Rangamati
921:Ascension
798:Neermahal
739:1947β1949
729:1923β1947
719:1909β1923
709:1862β1896
699:1849β1862
689:1829β1849
679:1826β1829
669:1813β1826
659:1809β1813
649:1806β1809
639:1785β1806
629:1760β1783
599:1746β1748
534:1729β1739
514:1725β1729
504:1714β1725
494:1712β1714
484:1695β1712
474:1693β1695
464:1685β1693
454:1673β1685
444:1661β1673
434:1661β1667
424:1660β1661
414:1626β1660
404:1623β1626
394:1600β1623
374:1586β1600
364:1577β1585
354:1573β1577
344:1567β1573
334:1563β1567
324:1532β1563
314:1530β1532
304:1520β1530
294:1515β1520
284:1490β1515
244:1462β1487
234:1431β1462
83:Successor
44:A silver
1015:Narayana
991:Brahmins
872:Maharaja
868:Ratna Fa
774:Agartala
184:Part of
167:Hinduism
158:Religion
18:Ratna Fa
1037:Puranas
1023:Parvati
1007:Rajmala
995:Vaidyas
979:Persian
975:Bengali
962:Manikya
958:manikya
954:Rajmala
931:Rajmala
915:Manikya
911:Manikya
907:Rajmala
899:Manikya
894:Rajmala
876:Tripura
806:Rajmala
108:Consort
1552:
1487:
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1445:
1413:
1041:Smriti
1011:Vishnu
935:Bengal
881:Bengal
148:Father
1064:Notes
1019:Shiva
968:Reign
224:β1431
137:House
117:Issue
64:1462β
61:Reign
46:tanka
1550:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1039:and
1033:DΔna
1021:and
1013:and
997:and
977:and
929:The
891:The
862:(d.
589:1746
524:1729
384:1600
274:1489
264:1488
254:1487
103:1487
97:Died
68:1487
874:of
1580::
1319:^
1252:^
1221:^
1206:^
1167:^
1128:^
1101:^
993:,
864:c.
575:c.
560:c.
545:c.
219:c.
101:c.
66:c.
1558:.
1493:.
1472:.
1451:.
1419:.
848:e
841:t
834:v
20:)
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