Ratanakiri province - Knowledge (XXG)

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to Khmer Rouge control. The Khmer Rouge regime, which had not initially been harsh in Ratanakiri, became increasingly oppressive. The Khmer Loeu were forbidden from speaking their native languages or practicing their traditional customs and religion, which were seen as incompatible with communism. Communal living became compulsory, and the province's few schools were closed. Purges of ethnic minorities increased in frequency, and thousands of refugees fled to Vietnam and Laos. Preliminary studies indicate that bodies accounting for approximately 5% of Ratanakiri's residents were deposited in mass graves, a significantly lower rate than elsewhere in Cambodia.

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instead primarily respected advisors and consensus builders. Village elders are generally male, but women also play a role in the management of the community and its resources. A village may also have a village chief, i.e., a local government person who is appointed by a higher governmental official. The village chief serves as a liaison between the village and outside government officials, but lacks traditional authority. The role of the village chief in village governance may be poorly defined; in one Kreung village, residents told a researcher that they were "very unclear exactly what the work of the village chief entailed."

1474: 100: 70: 596: 806:, poaching, and mineral extraction. Though the province has been known for its relatively pristine environment, recent development has spawned environmental problems. The unspoiled image of the province often conflicts with the reality on the ground: visitors "expecting to find pristine forests teeming with wildlife are increasingly disappointed to find lifeless patches of freshly cut tree stumps". Land use patterns are changing as population growth has accelerated and agriculture and logging have intensified. 1305: 1231: 6544: 1470:. Ratanakiri residents' poor health can be attributed to a variety of factors, including poverty, remoteness of villages, poor quality medical services, and language and cultural barriers that prevent Khmer Loeu from obtaining medical care. The province has one referral hospital, 10 health centers, and 17 health posts. Medical equipment and supplies are minimal, and most health facilities are staffed by nurses or midwives, who are often poorly trained and irregularly paid. 1495:. Only 21.6% of Ratanakiri residents obtained water from sources that are considered safe (purchased water, piped water, or tube/piped wells). Household water sources were within the home for 28.0% of households, near the home for 39.1%, and away from the home for 32.9%. The most common source of light was battery power (39.5%), followed by government-provided power (25.5%), and kerosene (16.5%). Most households (85%) used firewood as the main fuel for cooking. A 1604: 1333: 744: 1666:

have been attributed to contact with internal immigrants, government officials, and NGO workers. Clothing and diets are becoming more standardized, and traditional music is being displaced by Khmer music. Many villagers have also observed a loss of respect for elders and a growing divide between the young and the old. Young people have begun to refuse to abide by traditional rules and have stopped believing in spirits.

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local communities receive very little income from tourism and because guides sometimes bring tourists to villages without residents' consent, disrupting traditional ways of life. A few initiatives have sought to address these issues: a provincial tourism steering committee aims to ensure that tourism is non-destructive, and some programs provide English and tourism skills to indigenous people.

1269:, a trend that has accelerated in recent years. Ratanakiri villagers have traditionally had little contact with the cash economy. Barter exchange remains widespread, and Khmer Loeu villagers tended to visit markets only once per year until quite recently. As of 2005, monetary income in the province averaged US$ 5 per month per person; purchased possessions such as motorcycles, televisions, and 6443: 6365: 846:. Political scientist Caroline Hughes has suggested that the CPP's overwhelming dominance in rural areas such as Ratanakiri stems from the central government's ability to suppress collective action, which in urban areas is offset by international donors and NGOs that provide support for opposition parties. Fifty-one commune council members in Ratanakiri (20%) were women as of the 870: 6406: 6348: 6420: 6398: 324: 85: 252: 6381: 6287: 1301:

environmental reasons and because of land alienation. In 1997, an estimated 300,000 cubic meters of logs were exported illegally from Ratanakiri to Vietnam, compared to a legal limit of 36,000 cubic meters. John Dennis, a researcher for the Asian Development Bank, described the logging in Ratanakiri as a "human rights emergency".

484:. Ratanakiri is among the least developed provinces of Cambodia. Its infrastructure is poor, and the local government is weak. Health indicators in Ratanakiri are extremely poor; men's life expectancy is 39 years, and women's is 43 years. Education levels are also low, with just under half of the population illiterate. 1551:) of actively cultivated land and 5–6 hectares (12.5–15 acres) of fallow land. The ecologically sustainable cultivation cycle practiced by the Khmer Loeu generally lasts 10 to 15 years. Villagers supplement their agricultural livelihood with low-intensity hunting, fishing, and gathering over a large area. 635:

in the region, aiming to disrupt sanctuaries for communist Vietnamese troops. Villagers were forced outside of main towns to escape the bombings, foraging for food and living on the run with the Khmer Rouge. In June 1970, the central government withdrew its troops from Ratanakiri, abandoning the area

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from elsewhere in Cambodia were moved into the province, and roads and large rubber plantations were built. After facing harsh working conditions and sometimes involuntary labor on the plantations, many Khmer Loeu left their traditional homes and moved farther from provincial towns. In 1968, tensions

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Because of the province's high prevalence of malaria and its distance from regional centers, Ratanakiri was isolated from Western influences until the late 20th century. Major cultural shifts have occurred in recent years however, particularly in villages near roads and district towns; these changes

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leaves, all of which are collected from nearby forests; they typically last for around three years. Village spatial organization varies by ethnic group. Kreung villages are constructed in a circular manner, with houses facing inwards toward a central meeting house. In Jarai villages, vast longhouses

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in 1979, government policy toward Ratanakiri became one of benign neglect. The Khmer Loeu were permitted to return to their traditional livelihoods, but the government provided little infrastructure in the province. Under the Vietnamese, there was little contact between the provincial government and

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Ratanakiri is one of the least developed provinces in Cambodia. As of 2013, the average home had 1.9 rooms, and only 14.9% of buildings in the province had permanent roofs, walls, and flooring. Relatively few households (27.8%) had toilet facilities. The largest share of households (38.0%) obtained

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As of 2013, Ratanakiri Province had a population of approximately 184,000. Its population nearly doubled between 1998 and 2013, largely due to internal migration. In 2013, Ratanakiri made up 1.3% of Cambodia's total population; its population density of 17.0 residents per square kilometer was just

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Ratanakiri's tourist industry has rapidly expanded in recent years: visits to the province increased from 6,000 in 2002 to 105,000 in 2008 and 118,000 in 2011. The region's tourism development strategy focuses on encouraging ecotourism. Increasing tourism in Ratanakiri has been problematic because

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Ox-cart and motorcycle are common means of transportation in Ratanakiri. The provincial road system is better than in some parts of the country, but remains in somewhat bad condition. National Road 78 between Banlung and the Vietnam border was built between 2007 and 2010; the road was expected to

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Ratanakiri's recent history has been characterized by development and attendant challenges to traditional ways of life. The national government has built roads, encouraged tourism and agriculture, and facilitated rapid immigration of lowland Khmers into Ratanakiri. Road improvements and political

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are also produced. Gems are generally mined using traditional methods, with individuals digging holes and tunnels and manually removing the gems; recently, however, commercial mining operations have been moving into the province. Logging, particularly illegal logging, has been a problem both for

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and other indigenous institutions, are dominant. Members of each village designate one or more community elders to manage village affairs, mediate conflicts, and ensure that villagers follow customary laws, particularly about land and resource use. Elders do not play an autocratic role, and are

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As of 1998, Ratanakiri had 76 primary schools, one junior high school, and one high school. Education levels, particularly among Khmer Loeu, are very low. A 2002 survey of residents in six villages found that fewer than 10% of respondents had attended any primary school. Access to education is

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as of 2013 (compared to 80% in Cambodia overall). Bilingual education initiatives, in which students begin instruction in native languages and gradually transition to instruction in Khmer, began in Ratanakiri in 2002 and appear to have been successful. The programs aim to make education more

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over one fifth the national average. About 70% of the province's population lives in the highlands; of the other 30%, approximately half live in more urbanized towns, and half live along rivers and in the lowlands, where they practice wetland rice cultivation and engage in market activities.

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Government in Ratanakiri is weak, largely due to the province's remoteness, ethnic diversity, and recent history of Khmer Rouge dominance. The provincial legal framework is poor, and the rule of law is even weaker in Ratanakiri than elsewhere in Cambodia. Furthermore, government services are

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climate with a rainy season from June to October, a cool season from November to January, and a hot season from March to May. Ratanakiri tends to be cooler than elsewhere in Cambodia. The average daily high temperature in the province is 34.0 °C (93.2 °F), and the average daily low

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limited because of the expense of books, distance to schools, children's need to contribute to their families' livelihood, frequent absence of teachers, and instruction that is culturally inappropriate and in a language foreign to most students. Only 55% of Ratanakiri adults were

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In 2013, 37% of Ratanakiri residents were under age 15, 52% were age 15 to 49, 7% were age 50 to 64, and 3% were aged 65 or older; 49.7% of residents were male, and 50.3% were female. Each household had an average of 4.9 members, and most households (85.6%) were headed by men.

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Eighth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Berlin, 27 August-5 September 2002: Reports by Governments on the Situation in Their Countries and on the Progress Made in the Standardization of Geographical Names Since the Seventh

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many local communities. Long after the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime, however, Khmer Rouge rebels remained in the forests of Ratanakiri. Rebels largely surrendered their arms in the 1990s, though attacks along provincial roads continued until 2002.

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Khmer Loeu diets in Ratanakiri are largely dictated by the food that is available for harvesting or gathering. Numerous food taboos also limit food choice, particularly among pregnant women, children, and the sick. The primary staple grain is

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ecosystems in mainland Southeast Asia. One 1996 survey of two sites in Ratanakiri and one site in neighboring Mondulkiri recorded 44 mammal species, 76 bird species, and 9 reptile species. A 2007 survey of Ratanakiri's

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instituted a development and Khmerization campaign in northeast Cambodia that was designed to bring villages under government control, limit the influence of insurgents in the area, and "modernize" indigenous communities. Some

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over land traditionally possessed by Ratanakiri's indigenous peoples, and even land "sales" have often involved bribes to officials, coercion, threats, or misinformation. Following the involvement of several international

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are present in the province, and some Khmer Loeu have converted to Christianity. Indigenous community representatives have described the missionaries as a major threat to their society. The region's ethnic Khmer are

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are only eaten when sacrifices are made. In the rainy season, many varieties of vegetables and leaves are gathered from the forest. (Vegetables are generally not cultivated.) Commonly eaten fruits include bananas,

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has been a major problem. Despite a 2001 law allowing indigenous communities to obtain collective title to traditional lands, some villages have been left nearly landless. The national government has granted

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temperature is 22.1 °C (71.8 °F). Annual precipitation is approximately 2,200 millimetres (87 in). Flooding often occurs during the rainy season and has been exacerbated by the recently built

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While highland peoples have inhabited Ratanakiri for well over a millennium, lowland peoples have migrated to the province in the last 200 years. As of 2013, various highland groups collectively called

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people, who are a minority elsewhere in Cambodia. During the region's early history, its Khmer Loeu inhabitants were exploited as slaves by neighboring empires. The slave trade economy ended during the

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Ratanakiri is sparsely populated; its 184,000 residents make up just over 1% of the country's total population. Residents generally live in villages of 20 to 60 families and engage in subsistence

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Fox, Jefferson (2002). "Understanding a Dynamic Landscape: Land Use, Land Cover, and Resource Tenure in Northeastern Cambodia". In Walsh, Stephen Joseph; Crews-Meyer, Kelley A. (eds.).

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during its early history, but no empire ever brought the area under centralized control. From the 13th century or earlier until the 19th century, highland villages were often raided by

5782: 5635: 1496: 824: 4675: 698:, flow from east to west across the province. The province is known for its lush forests; as of 1997, 70–80% of the province was forested, either with old-growth forest or with 5655: 5126:

John, Ashish Joshia Ingty; Phalla, Chea (2006). "Community-based natural resource management and decentralized governance in Ratanakiri, Cambodia". In Tyler, Stephen R. (ed.).

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recorded 30 ant species, 19 katydid species, 37 fish species, 35 reptile species, 26 amphibian species, and 15 mammal species, including several species never before observed.

4826: 4211: 7090: 1348:, the provincial capital located in the central highlands, is by far the province's largest town, with a population of approximately 25,000. Other significant towns include 795:. The province's forests contain a wide variety of flora; one half-hectare forest inventory identified 189 species of trees and 320 species of ground flora and saplings. 536:); indigenous workers were used for construction and rubber harvesting. While under French control, the land comprising present-day Ratanakiri was transferred from Siam ( 5584:"Rethinking Poverty Reduction to Protect and Promote the Rights of Indigenous Minorities in Cambodia: A Human Rights Approach to Land and Natural Resources Management" 4622: 5651: 717:, relatively poor soil, and abundant wildlife. In the highlands between Tonle San and Tonle Srepok, the home of the vast majority of Ratanakiri's population, a hilly 6899: 6163: 6140: 5879: 5065: 4926: 1583:

and fish are major protein sources, and smaller animals such as rats, wild chickens, and insects are also sometimes eaten. Domestic animals such as pigs, cows, and

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accessible to speakers of indigenous languages, as well as to give Khmer Loeu access to national political and economic affairs by providing Khmer language skills.

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Samath, Sith; et al. (2001). "Addressing Anarchy: Decentralization and Natural Resource Management in Ratanakiri, Upland Cambodia". In Straub, Andrea (ed.).

5430: 4704: 540:) to Laos and then to Cambodia. Although highland groups initially resisted their colonial rulers, by the end of the colonial era in 1953 they had been subdued. 6483: 5450: 4397: 4374: 4351: 4328: 4305: 4750: 4508:. Conference on Language Development, Language Revitalization, and Multilingual Education in Minority Communities in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. Archived from 207: 5701: 3980: 5966:

Thomas, Anne; et al. (2005). ""Empowering Ethnic Minorities in the Cambodian Highlands". In Vargas-Baron, Emily; Bernal Alarcon, Hernando (eds.).

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and governs a forest territory whose boundaries are known though not marked. Within this land, each family is allocated, on average, 1–2

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plantations. Other economic activities in the province include gem mining and commercial logging. The most abundant gem in Ratanakiri is blue

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ineffective and insufficient to meet the needs of the province. The Cambodian government has traditionally accepted substantial support from

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are inhabited by all extended families, with the inner house divided into smaller compartments. Tampuan villages may follow either pattern.

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headquarters was moved to Ratanakiri in 1966, and hundreds of Khmer Loeu joined CPK units. During this period, there was also extensive

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Kosonen, Kimmo (2007). "Vernaculars in Literacy and Basic Education in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand". In Liddicoat, Anthony J. (ed.).

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Village government in Ratanakiri has both traditional and administrative components. Traditional forms of government, namely village

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water from springs, streams, ponds, or rain; much of the remainder obtained water from protected (23.9%) or unprotected (15.1%) dug

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in 1893, and colonial rule replaced slave trading. The French built huge rubber plantations, especially in Labansiek (present-day

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plateau provides fertile red soils. Secondary forests dominate this region. South of the Srepok River is a flat area of tropical

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fleeing unrest in neighboring Vietnam; the Cambodian government was criticized for its forcible repatriation of many refugees.

4682:, Poverty Reduction & Environmental Management in Remote Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Watersheds Project. Archived from 1559:, though most families experience rice shortages during the six months before harvest time. Some families have begun to plant 592:

in which several Khmer were killed. The government responded harshly, torching settlements and killing hundreds of villagers.

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had operated in Ratanakiri since the 1940s; at a June 1969 press conference, Sihanouk said that Ratanakiri was "practically

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The vast majority of workers in Ratanakiri are employed in agriculture. Most of the indigenous residents of Ratanakiri are

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festivals in Ratanakiri occur during March and April, when fields are selected and prepared for the new planting season.

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forged an alliance with ethnic minorities in Ratanakiri, exploiting Khmer Loeu resentment of the central government. The

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Clayton, Thomas (2006). "Transition, Culture, and Language in Cambodia". In Tsui, Amy B.M.; Tollefson, James W. (eds.).

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Health indicators in Ratanakiri are the worst in Cambodia. Life expectancy is 39 years for men and 43 years for women.

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are being altered. Habitat loss and unsustainable hunting have contributed to the province's decreasing biodiversity.

6266:តារាងគណបក្សនយោបាយទទួលបានអាសនៈ នៃលទ្ធផលផ្លូវការសម្រាប់ការបោះឆ្នោតជ្រើសរើសក្រុមប្រឹក្សាឃុំ សង្កាត់ អាណត្តិទី៤ ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ 1253:

below for more information on traditional subsistence practices.) Many families are beginning to shift production to

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in the south. In recent years, logging and mining have scarred Ratanakiri's environment, long known for its beauty.

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Stark, Miriam T (2004). "Pre-Angkorian and Angkorian Cambodia". In Glover, Ian; Bellwood, Peter S. (eds.).

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The geography of Ratanakiri Province is diverse, encompassing rolling hills, mountains, plateaus, lowland

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in Ratanakiri are composed of 207 members representing the CPP, 51 members representing the

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devastated the region. Today, rapid development in the province is altering traditional ways of life.

7047: 6655: 6594: 6390: 6214: 5743: 5525: 4953: 4171: 4101:"Shifting Contexts and Performances: The Brao-Kavet and Their Sacred Mountains in Northeast Cambodia" 4059:"Identities and Space. The Geographies of Religious Change amongst the Brao in Northeastern Cambodia" 1576: 1532: 1439: 1246: 1020: 978: 752: 703: 687: 544: 481: 414: 6091:"On people, roads and land: Immigration and its consequences for Highland communities in Ratanakiri" 5092: 4980: 1473: 1058: 1016: 1012: 1004: 528:

rulers in the 18th century and then by the Thai in the 19th century. The area was incorporated into

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Riddell, Ebony (November 2006). "Community-led safe motherhood advocacy, Ratanakiri, Cambodia".

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Repression of Montagnards: Conflicts Over Land and Religion in Vietnam's Central Highlands

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Communities, Livelihoods and Natural Resources: Action Research and Policy Change in Asia

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were forcibly moved to the lowlands to be educated in Khmer language and culture, ethnic

5054: 4048: 674: 574:), describing two features for which the province is known. During the 1950s and 1960s, 6766: 6707: 6528: 6020: 5794: 5522: 4439: 1529: 1413: 1409: 1377: 1336: 1243: 1130: 1080: 767: 737: 707: 683: 632: 604: 552: 438: 381: 357: 331: 6039:"Untangling the Web of Human Trafficking and Unsafe Migration in Cambodia and Lao PDR" 4653:

Loggers and Degradation in the Asia-Pacific: Corporations and Environmental Management

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campaign after Cambodia's independence again threatened Khmer Loeu ways of life. The

437:) to the north and east, respectively. The province extends from the mountains of the 7079: 5565: 5542: 4421: 4144: 1160: 811: 600: 6190: 5330:"Over 1 mln foreign tourists flock to Cambodia". Thai Press Reports. 19 August 2008. 4716:

Dobbs, Leo (2 December 1994). "Fishing for gems with the northeastern highlanders".

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The Mountain of Precious Stones: Ratanakiri, Cambodia: Essays in Social Anthropology

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Ratanakiri Province was created in 1959 from land that had been the eastern area of

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territory". Between March 1969 and May 1970, the United States undertook a massive

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Land and Cultural Survival: The Communal Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Asia

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minorities. Though the official language of Ratanakiri (like all of Cambodia) is

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Five Triangle Areas in the Greater Mekong Subregion (BRC Research Report No. 11)

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and Virachey National Park. Even these protected areas, however, are subject to

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Zeug, Manuela; Nasdala, Lutz; Wanthanachaisaeng, Bhuwadol; et al. (2018).

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Deforestation, Environment, and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Analysis

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Nearly half of Ratanakiri has been set aside in protected areas, which include

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in Banlung, but commercial flights to Ratanakiri have long been discontinued.

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built its headquarters in the province in the 1960s, and bombing during the

284: 17: 5704:. Cambodia New Vision (maintained by the Cabinet of Hun Sen. Archived from 5618: 5315:"Officials: Cambodia's Ratanakiri severely flooded, Mekong may burst banks" 2869:"General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019 – Final Results" 603:(shown here discussing Cambodia at a 1970 press conference) authorized the 6286: 5816:. Cambodia Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Archived from 6852: 6832: 6761: 6751: 6728: 6640: 6494: 5927:. Rural Poverty and Environment Working Paper Series (working paper 17). 5686:

Saroeun, Bou; Kyne, Phelim (16 March 2001). "A questionable gem search".

4433: 1655: 1564: 1544: 1483: 1447: 1349: 1293: 1289: 1206: 1190: 1177: 1126: 1118: 1096: 995: 966: 957: 748: 537: 406: 156: 6877: 5473:"Project Profile of Priority Projects along the Asian Highway: Cambodia" 4091: 4058: 1304: 6847: 6827: 6781: 6733: 6702: 6598: 6513: 6448: 6370: 6255: 6102: 5991:

Comanagement of Natural Resources: Local Learning for Poverty Reduction

5697: 5252: 3073: 1639: 1612: 1597: 1593: 1568: 1451: 1443: 1431: 1353: 1345: 1297: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1202: 1186: 1142: 1100: 1076: 1071: 1033: 930: 756: 732: 620: 533: 426: 174: 6013:

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

5714:"Settlement and agriculture in and adjacent to Virachey National Park" 5480:

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

5200:

Language Planning and Policy: Issues in Language Planning and Literacy

5021:

Indigenous Peoples: Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction (Cambodia)

4281:"Jóvenes pobres y sin futuro se hacen buscadores de piedras preciosas" 4212:"Forest Stewardship in Ratanakiri: Linking Communities and Government" 6771: 6645: 2763: 2455: 1623: 1619: 1608: 1385: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1134: 970: 718: 509: 6090: 3177: 881:

and one municipality, further divided into 50 communes, as follows:

743: 456:

For over a millennium, Ratanakiri has been occupied by the highland

4170:"Bleak outlook for Cambodian gem diggers as mining firms move in". 4600:

The United States and Cambodia, 1969–2000: A Troubled Relationship

4234: 2964: 1659: 1602: 1560: 1500: 1472: 1331: 1303: 1229: 742: 673: 594: 850:, and 98% of Ratanakiri's government staff was Khmer as of 2006. 504:

dates to at least the 4th century A.D. The region was invaded by

500:, and trade between the region's highlanders and towns along the 6353: 5496:"Timber Smuggling on The Rise in Cambodia's Ratanakiri Province" 4927:"Indigenous Peoples Food Diary: Ratanakiri, Cambodia, 2002–2003" 1572: 1556: 1548: 1507:, work to improve health and living conditions in the province. 1356:

in the south, with populations of 2,000 and 3,000 respectively.

784: 525: 418: 6881: 6465: 6301: 5451:"Preliminary Report: Virachey National Park RAP 2007, Cambodia" 4809:"Final Assessment and Report on 2012 Commune Council Elections" 305: 4290: 4271: 4141:

When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution

1368:

made up approximately half of Ratanakiri's population, ethnic

5082:"International Boundary Study No. 32: Cambodia–Laos Boundary" 4768:

After the Killing Fields: Lessons from the Cambodian Genocide

3510: 3319:, pp. 16, 97. Language is used as a proxy for ethnicity. 2952: 5044:"Indigenous women working towards improved maternal health"" 605:

covert 1969–1970 bombing of Vietnamese targets in Ratanakiri

4872:"General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019" 4299:"Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2013 Final Report" 2727: 2482: 6211:"Yali Falls Dam: Impacts on Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia" 5494:

Ratha, Sok; Yun, Samean; Finney, Richard (26 April 2016).

4896:

Powers of exclusion : land dilemmas in Southeast Asia

4729:

The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans

3438: 3181: 3169: 2530: 1563:

to alleviate this problem; other sources of grain include

4998:

The Political Economy of Cambodia's Transition, 1991–2001

4981:"Indigenous people and development in northeast Cambodia" 4565:

Language Policy, Culture, and Identity in Asian Contexts

4542:

Peacebuilding and NGOs: State-Civil Society Interactions

3999:"2010 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey Fact Sheet" 1779: 1752: 1376:

made up 10%. Within the Khmer Loeu population, 35% were

1317:

increase trade between Cambodia and Vietnam. There is a

706:. In the far north of the province are mountains of the 4623:"Vietnamese-funded highway open to traffic in Cambodia" 4522:"Ratanakiri's Governor Urges Farmers to Change Methods" 4414:"Cambodia: Protect Montagnard Refugees Fleeing Vietnam" 2098: 2075: 1851: 1823: 1767: 1740: 1716: 4039:

Austin, Gordon; et al. (November–December 2005).

5261:

Locard, Henri (1996). "Le Goulag des khmers rouges".

5811:"Crop Monitoring and For[e]casting Bulletin" 5656:

Cambodia National and Provincial Resources Data Bank

5403:"Lawmaker Calls for Ouster of Banlung City Governor" 4435:

Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot

3360: 854:, a member of the CPP, represents Ratanakiri in the 678:

Map of Ratanakiri, with major roads indicated in red

6940: 6915: 6813: 6790: 6742: 6693: 6681: 6669: 6626: 6593: 6560: 6551: 6521: 6118:"Vietnamese-funded highway inaugurated in Cambodia" 5586:. NGO Forum on Cambodia. April 2005. Archived from 5460: – Cambodia. 1–15 October 2007. Archived from 5426:

Communities and Forest Management in Southeast Asia

3986:. Ratanakiri Department of Planning. Archived from 300: 283: 275: 267: 259: 246: 241: 233: 225: 220: 205: 193: 188: 180: 170: 162: 144: 33: 6089:Van den Berg, Conny; Palith, Phat (October 2000). 6017:The Contribution of Tourism to Poverty Alleviation 5296:"Municipality and Province Investment Information" 4217:. Community Forestry International. Archived from 4057: 3963: 3344: 3252: 830:Thon Saron is the provincial governor. As of the 441:in the north, across a hilly plateau between the 5248:"New world mysteries test Cambodia's lost tribe" 5066:"Indigenous Peoples and Human Rights - Cambodia" 3764: 3748: 3498: 3478: 664:received hundreds of Degar (Montagnard) refugees 492:Ratanakiri has been occupied since at least the 6164:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs 6141:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs 5880:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs 5783:"Geographical Names of the Kingdom of Cambodia" 5301:. Council for the Development of Cambodia. 2013 2432: 2430: 5669:Institutions, Livelihoods, and The Environment 5431:International Union for Conservation of Nature 5105:The State of the Environment in Asia 2005/2006 4705:International Union for Conservation of Nature 3042: 6893: 6477: 6313: 5227:. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. 4520:Chork, Ban; Sithyna, Muny (25 January 2015). 4499:Chat, Chey; et al. (6–8 November 2003). 3728: 3726: 1662:community, consisting mainly of ethnic Cham. 8: 5809:Sothy, Men; Sokunth, Chhun (December 2007). 4398:National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia 4375:National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia 4352:National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia 4329:National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia 4306:National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia 3852: 3074:Council for the Development of Cambodia 2013 2856:National Institute of Statistics ("Annex 1") 2715: 2675: 2673: 2612: 2592: 2590: 2550: 2470: 2368:Tourism of Cambodia ("Welcome to Ratnakiri") 1880: 1878: 1876: 1812:Tourism of Cambodia ("Welcome to Ratnakiri") 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 4627:Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper 3605: 3603: 3280: 3264: 3228: 3226: 3209: 3006: 2451: 2449: 386: 59: 38: 7091:States and territories established in 1959 6900: 6886: 6878: 6557: 6484: 6470: 6462: 6320: 6306: 6298: 5853:Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History 4621:Communist Party of Vietnam (19 May 2010). 3920: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3398: 3396: 3379: 3377: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2764:Committee for Free and Fair Elections 2012 2755: 2518: 2466: 2464: 2331: 1783: 883: 648:stability have increased land prices, and 30: 6254: 6187:International Development Research Centre 6183:"Staking a Claim in Cambodia's Highlands" 6095:International Development Research Centre 5995:International Development Research Centre 5929:International Development Research Centre 5598:Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 5149:Jones, Sidney; et al., eds. (2002). 5132:International Development Research Centre 4879:Cambodia National Institute of Statistics 4125:International Development Research Centre 4025:Cambodia National Institute of Statistics 4004:. Cambodia Directorate General for Health 3414: 3348: 3053: 3051: 3026: 2944: 2275: 2273: 2023: 1618:Houses in rural Ratanakiri are made from 5763:"The Cambodia Development Triangle Area" 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3673: 3217: 2351: 2170: 1987: 1979: 1963: 1951: 1903: 868: 6271:National Election Committee of Cambodia 6228:"Blue Zircon from Ratanakiri, Cambodia" 4755:National Election Committee of Cambodia 3981:"1999–2000 Provincial Development Plan" 3944: 3892: 3566: 3558: 3466: 3434: 3402: 3383: 3153: 3125: 3109: 3085: 3010: 2561: 2559: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2315: 2299: 2279: 2260: 2244: 2228: 2209: 2154: 2059: 1863: 1835: 1807: 1679: 1535:in small villages of between 20 and 60 818:Government and administrative divisions 342:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 299: 282: 240: 219: 187: 169: 161: 143: 108: 96: 78: 66: 55: 6328:Places adjacent to Ratanakiri province 5230: 3876: 3832: 3812: 3800: 3783: 3752: 3732: 3693: 3677: 3621: 3534: 3462: 3450: 3426: 3193: 3141: 3069: 3057: 3038: 2932: 2916: 2912: 2851: 2739: 2703: 2695: 2679: 2656: 2644: 2632: 2616: 2596: 2577: 2565: 2490: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2205: 2186: 2150: 2134: 2118: 2110: 2094: 2079: 2051: 2047: 1959: 1947: 1935: 1919: 1911: 1899: 1897: 1884: 1855: 1827: 1273:sets have become extremely desirable. 229:10,782 km (4,163 sq mi) 6213:. Australian Mekong Resource Centre, 6201:. Tourism of Cambodia. Archived from 5671:. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. 4948:Headley, Robert; et al. (1997). 4836:. February–April 2002. Archived from 4589:. Tourism of Cambodia. Archived from 3928: 3888: 3864: 3848: 3824: 3713: 3649: 3637: 3625: 3609: 3594: 3582: 3546: 3490: 3364: 3340: 3316: 3304: 3292: 3248: 3244: 3232: 3101: 3014: 2900: 2839: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2775: 2506: 2307: 2252: 2220: 2218: 2201: 2199: 2031: 2007: 1763: 1761: 1720: 710:; the area is characterized by dense 380: 274: 266: 258: 245: 232: 224: 204: 192: 179: 7: 6335: 5721:Cambodia Ministry of the Environment 5560:Ray, Nick; Robinson, Daniel (2008). 5103:Japan Environmental Council (2005). 3908: 3896: 3522: 2494: 2413: 2396: 2295: 1705: 1579:, which is limited in availability. 1458:. Ratanakiri has very high rates of 524:. The region was conquered by local 5951:Thomas, Amanda (12 December 2004). 5652:"Rotanak Kiri Provincial Resources" 5246:Levett, Connie (24 February 2007). 5089:Bureau of Intelligence and Research 4979:Hubbel, Dave (March–October 2007). 4950:Modern Cambodian-English dictionary 4789:Summers, Laura (2002). "Economy ". 4420:. 25 September 2002. Archived from 4210:Brown, Graeme; et al. (2006). 3701: 3328: 3173: 3002: 2920: 2542: 2436: 2417: 2347: 2224: 1799: 1736: 1693: 1575:. Most Khmer Loeu diets are low in 1276:Larger-scale agriculture occurs on 877:The province is divided into eight 842:, and two members representing the 641:Vietnamese defeated the Khmer Rouge 623:activity in Ratanakiri. Vietnamese 5272:Martin, Marie Alexandrine (1994). 2978:"The Zircon Mines And Blue Zircon" 1420:Health, education, and development 522:Khmer, Lao, and Thai slave traders 104:Location of Ratanakiri in Cambodia 14: 5774:Institute of Developing Economies 4894:Hall, Derek; et al. (2011). 4850:Linking People, Place, and Policy 4791:The Far East and Australasia 2003 3661: 3511:Ratanakiri Department of Planning 2953:Ratanakiri Department of Planning 417:to the west and the countries of 6931: 6542: 6493: 6441: 6418: 6404: 6396: 6379: 6363: 6346: 6285: 5537:Ray, Nick; Bloom, Bloom (2014). 5423:Poffenberger, Mark, ed. (1999). 5276:. Translated by McLeod, Mark W. 5219:"Cambodia's last frontier falls" 5217:Kurczy, Stephen (16 June 2009). 4691:Desai, Ajay; Vuthy, Lic (1996). 4470:The Tragedy of Cambodian History 2876:National Institute of Statistics 2728:National Election Committee 2017 2483:Japan Environmental Council 2005 766:lowland tropical rainforest and 762:Ratanakiri has some of the most 322: 251: 250: 149: 98: 83: 68: 6217:. 10 March 2003. Archived from 6181:Waldick, Lisa (30 March 2001). 6126:. 20 March 2010. Archived from 5972:Inter-American Development Bank 5740:Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare 5321:. 8 August 2007. Archived from 5087:. Office of the Geographer, US 5072:. December 2006. Archived from 4502:Bilingual Education in Cambodia 3430: 3182:Communist Party of Vietnam 2010 3170:Communist Party of Vietnam 2010 2531:Conservation International 2007 2456:Tourism of Cambodia ("Climate") 1339:children in Ratanakiri Province 6137:The Indigenous World 2002–2003 6066:Vajpeyi, Dhirendra K. (2001). 5278:University of California Press 5091:. 12 June 1964. Archived from 4279:Calvet, Jordi (2 April 2009). 4260:Calvet, Jordi (25 June 2009). 3964:Van den Berg & Palith 2000 3439:Directorate General for Health 3345:Van den Berg & Palith 2000 3253:Van den Berg & Palith 2000 3178:UNESCAP ("Project Profile...") 1525:Khmer Loeu typically practice 1477:A village school in Ratanakiri 840:Cambodia National Rescue Party 660:non-governmental organizations 409:. It borders the provinces of 1: 6419: 6380: 5781:Sotha, Ith (29 August 2002). 5274:Cambodia: A Shattered Society 4697:Flora and Fauna International 1780:Office of the Geographer 1964 1753:Office of the Geographer 1964 1426:Health in Ratanakiri Province 856:National Assembly of Cambodia 650:land alienation in Ratanakiri 551:(រតនគិរី) is formed from the 6405: 6397: 6158:Vinding, Diana, ed. (2004). 6135:Vinding, Diana, ed. (2003). 5920:Suzuki, Regan (March 2005). 5874:Stidsen, Sille, ed. (2007). 5070:Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact 4183:. Center for Khmer Studies. 4105:Asian Highlands Perspectives 4076:10.5771/0257-9774-2009-2-457 3043:Ratha, Yun & Finney 2016 2099:Ministry of Environment 2006 2076:Ministry of Environment 2006 1852:Ministry of Environment 2006 1824:Ministry of Environment 2006 1768:Ministry of Environment 2006 1741:Ministry of Environment 2006 1717:Ministry of Environment 2006 1250: 729:Like other areas of Cambodia 617:Communist Party of Kampuchea 611:In the 1960s, the ascendant 5968:From Bullets to Blackboards 5953:"Long-distance house calls" 5897:Stuart-Fox, Martin (1997). 5772:. Bangkok Research Center, 5723:. June 2006. Archived from 4900:University of Hawaiʻi Press 4179:Bourdier, Frédéric (2006). 184:1 municipality; 8 districts 7107: 6247:10.15506/JoG.2018.36.2.112 6072:Greenwood Publishing Group 5989:Tyler, Stephen R. (2006). 5903:Cambridge University Press 5768:. In Ishida Masami (ed.). 5611:10.1177/146642400612600610 5458:Conservation International 5401:Pheap, Aun (15 May 2015). 5053:. May 2006. Archived from 4772:Greenwood Publishing Group 4727:Dommen, Arthur J. (2001). 4701:World Wide Fund for Nature 4657:Cambridge University Press 4598:Clymer, Kenton J. (2004). 4540:Christie, Ryerson (2012). 4139:Becker, Elizabeth (1998). 1638:Nearly all Khmer Loeu are 1514: 1454:-preventable diseases are 1423: 1308:A road in rural Ratanakiri 1226:Economy and transportation 873:Map of Ratanakiri Province 844:Grassroots Democracy Party 800:Lomphat Wildlife Sanctuary 588:led to an uprising by the 15: 6929: 6540: 6506: 6333: 6160:The Indigenous World 2004 5876:The Indigenous World 2006 5366:Perera, Jayantha (2009). 5335:Palmer, Beverley (2002). 5237:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4996:Hughes, Caroline (2003). 4925:Hamade, Prudence (2003). 4651:Dauvergne, Peter (2001). 1234:A local market in Banlung 570:"mountain" from Sanskrit 361: 109: 97: 79: 67: 60: 56: 47: 39: 6265: 6235:The Journal of Gemmology 5828:Spooner, Andrew (2008). 5202:. Multilingual Matters. 4766:Etcheson, Craig (2005). 4733:Indiana University Press 4640:Constitution of Cambodia 3361:Constitution of Cambodia 2716:Chork & Sithyna 2015 2471:Sothy & Sokunth 2007 1658:. There is also a small 1372:made up 36%, and ethnic 37: 16:Not to be confused with 6916:Autonomous municipality 5834:Footprint Travel Guides 5761:Sisovanna, Sau (2012). 4206:(PDF) available online. 3281:Ray & Robinson 2008 3265:Ray & Robinson 2008 3210:Ray & Robinson 2008 3007:Saroeun & Kyne 2001 848:2012 communal elections 832:2017 communal elections 633:covert bombing campaign 276: • Rank 6199:"Welcome to Ratnakiri" 6051:Asian Development Bank 5658:. 2003. Archived from 5640:Asian Development Bank 5377:Asian Development Bank 5177:Ending the Vietnam War 5026:Asian Development Bank 4680:Asian Development Bank 4116:Bann, Camille (1997). 4099:Baird, Ian G. (2013). 4056:Baird, Ian G. (2009). 3921:John & Phalla 2006 3247:, pp. 11, 14–15; 2756:John & Phalla 2006 2519:Desai & Vuthy 1996 2332:John & Phalla 2006 1810:, pp. 181, 1003; 1615: 1478: 1340: 1328:Demographics and towns 1309: 1288:. Small quantities of 1235: 874: 777:Wildlife in Ratanakiri 773:Virachey National Park 759: 679: 608: 382:[rɔətanakiriː] 330:This article contains 74:Ratanakiri countryside 6909:Provinces of Cambodia 6562:Andoung Meas District 6130:on 24 September 2015. 5267:(in French): 127–164. 5098:on 16 September 2006. 4674:Dennis, John (1999). 4474:Yale University Press 4041:"World Mining Report" 3765:Health Unlimited 2002 3749:Health Unlimited 2002 3499:Health Unlimited 2006 3479:Health Unlimited 2006 2097:, pp. 108, 251; 1606: 1476: 1380:as of 1996, 24% were 1335: 1307: 1233: 872: 746: 677: 670:Geography and climate 598: 271:19/km (50/sq mi) 194: • Governor 6595:Banlung Municipality 6391:Stung Treng Province 6294:at Wikimedia Commons 6215:University of Sydney 6205:on 22 November 2006. 5708:on 12 November 2007. 5526:World Food Programme 5467:on 2 September 2009. 5445:on 15 December 2013. 5181:Simon & Schuster 4954:Kensington, Maryland 4843:on 14 December 2010. 4711:on 11 November 2007. 4593:on 21 February 2010. 4172:Agence France Presse 3283:, pp. 296, 298. 3218:Ray & Bloom 2014 2880:Ministry of Planning 1950:, pp. 107–108; 1533:shifting cultivation 1440:intestinal parasites 1247:shifting cultivation 931:Banlung Municipality 764:biologically diverse 704:shifting cultivation 690:. Two major rivers, 545:Stung Treng Province 482:shifting agriculture 449:rivers, to tropical 268: • Density 28:Province in Cambodia 25:Province of Cambodia 7086:Ratanakiri province 6500:Ratanakiri province 6432:Mondulkiri Province 6402:Ratanakiri Province 6292:Ratanakiri Province 5804:on 29 October 2014. 5730:on 26 October 2007. 5646:on 10 October 2008. 5519:Food Security Atlas 4229:Brown, Ian (2000). 3465:, pp. 34, 36; 1607:Meeting house in a 1521:Culture of Cambodia 1240:subsistence farmers 810:is increasing, and 731:, Ratanakiri has a 463:French colonial era 125: / 57:Ratanakiri Province 6792:Ta Veaeng District 6744:Ou Ya Dav District 6123:Sài Gòn Giải Phóng 5700:(4 January 2007). 5662:on 31 August 2004. 5408:The Cambodia Daily 5325:on 30 August 2008. 5319:Xinhua News Agency 5155:Human Rights Watch 5060:on 8 January 2007. 4956:: Dunwoody Press. 4751:"Election results" 4686:on 21 August 2008. 4418:Human Rights Watch 3585:, pp. 18, 23. 3417:, pp. 63, 65. 3351:, pp. 63, 65. 3307:, pp. 15, 44. 2982:Explore Ratanakiri 1616: 1479: 1341: 1310: 1236: 896:Population (2019) 875: 825:NGOs in the region 760: 680: 609: 247: • Total 226: • Total 129:13.733°N 107.000°E 7071: 7070: 6875: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6815:Veun Sai District 6671:Koun Mom District 6628:Bar Kaev District 6459: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6290:Media related to 6193:on 30 April 2008. 5899:A History of Laos 5889:978-87-91563-18-8 5843:978-1-906098-15-5 5636:"NGOs in the GMS" 5575:978-1-74104-317-4 5552:978-1-74360-026-9 5386:978-971-561-801-4 5209:978-1-85359-977-4 4909:978-0-8248-3603-0 4666:978-0-521-00134-2 4555:978-1-136-21875-0 4424:on 13 April 2008. 4174:. 28 August 2004. 4051:on 13 April 2010. 3853:Poffenberger 1999 2647:, pp. 12–13. 2613:Poffenberger 1999 2551:Poffenberger 1999 1541:collectively owns 1352:in the north and 1223: 1222: 723:deciduous forests 715:evergreen forests 451:deciduous forests 413:to the south and 338:rendering support 318: 317: 260: • Rank 234: • Rank 208:National Assembly 7098: 6948:Banteay Meanchey 6935: 6934: 6902: 6895: 6888: 6879: 6695:Ou Chum District 6683:Lumphat District 6558: 6546: 6498: 6497: 6486: 6479: 6472: 6463: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6437:Gia Lai Province 6422: 6421: 6408: 6407: 6400: 6399: 6383: 6382: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6359:Kon Tum Province 6352: 6350: 6349: 6342:Attapeu Province 6336: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6299: 6289: 6274: 6260: 6258: 6232: 6222: 6221:on 21 July 2008. 6206: 6194: 6189:. Archived from 6177: 6154: 6131: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6085: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6034: 6008: 5985: 5962: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5937: 5931:. Archived from 5926: 5916: 5893: 5870: 5847: 5824: 5823:on 22 July 2011. 5822: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5797:. Archived from 5787: 5777: 5767: 5757: 5731: 5729: 5718: 5709: 5693: 5682: 5663: 5647: 5642:. Archived from 5634:Riska, Gunilla. 5630: 5591: 5579: 5556: 5533: 5528:. Archived from 5510: 5508: 5506: 5490: 5488: 5482:. Archived from 5477: 5468: 5466: 5455: 5446: 5441:. Archived from 5419: 5417: 5415: 5397: 5396:on 17 July 2015. 5395: 5389:. Archived from 5374: 5362: 5331: 5326: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5300: 5291: 5268: 5257: 5242: 5236: 5228: 5213: 5194: 5173:Kissinger, Henry 5168: 5145: 5122: 5099: 5097: 5086: 5077: 5061: 5059: 5051:Health Unlimited 5048: 5039: 5015: 4992: 4975: 4944: 4943:on 22 July 2011. 4942: 4936:. Archived from 4934:Health Unlimited 4931: 4921: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4876: 4867: 4844: 4842: 4834:Health Unlimited 4831: 4822: 4821:on 15 July 2015. 4820: 4813: 4804: 4785: 4762: 4761:on 16 June 2008. 4757:. Archived from 4746: 4723: 4712: 4707:. Archived from 4687: 4670: 4647: 4645: 4634: 4633:on 15 July 2015. 4629:. Archived from 4617: 4594: 4582: 4559: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4516: 4515:on 28 July 2011. 4514: 4507: 4495: 4461: 4425: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4395: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4372: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4349: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4326: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4303: 4294: 4275: 4256: 4225: 4224:on 25 July 2011. 4223: 4216: 4202: 4175: 4166: 4135: 4133: 4127:. Archived from 4122: 4112: 4095: 4061: 4052: 4047:. Archived from 4035: 4033: 4031: 4022: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4003: 3994: 3993:on 24 July 2011. 3992: 3985: 3967: 3961: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3846: 3840: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3787: 3781: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3746: 3740: 3730: 3721: 3711: 3705: 3691: 3685: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3391: 3381: 3372: 3358: 3352: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3262: 3256: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3221: 3207: 3201: 3191: 3185: 3180:, pp. 1–4; 3167: 3161: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3123: 3117: 3099: 3093: 3083: 3077: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3046: 3024: 3018: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2974: 2968: 2965:Zeug et al. 2018 2962: 2956: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2873: 2865: 2859: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2809:, pp. 9–11. 2804: 2798: 2792: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2753: 2747: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2693: 2687: 2677: 2668: 2654: 2648: 2630: 2624: 2610: 2604: 2594: 2585: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2554: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2459: 2453: 2444: 2434: 2425: 2411: 2400: 2394: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2345: 2339: 2329: 2323: 2293: 2287: 2277: 2268: 2242: 2236: 2222: 2213: 2203: 2194: 2184: 2178: 2168: 2162: 2148: 2142: 2132: 2126: 2108: 2102: 2092: 2086: 2073: 2067: 2045: 2039: 2021: 2015: 2005: 1999: 1977: 1971: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1901: 1892: 1882: 1871: 1849: 1843: 1821: 1815: 1797: 1791: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1739:, pp. 6–7; 1734: 1728: 1714: 1708: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1537:nuclear families 1505:Health Unlimited 946:, Boeng Kansaeng 884: 836:commune councils 793:greater adjutant 700:secondary forest 629:North Vietnamese 576:Norodom Sihanouk 530:French Indochina 502:Gulf of Thailand 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 384: 363: 344: instead of 326: 325: 314: 311: 309: 307: 254: 253: 215: 155: 153: 152: 140: 139: 137: 136: 135: 130: 126: 123: 122: 121: 118: 102: 87: 72: 63: 62: 42: 41: 31: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7095: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7067: 6963:Kampong Chhnang 6936: 6932: 6927: 6911: 6906: 6876: 6867: 6809: 6805:Ta Veaeng Kraom 6786: 6738: 6689: 6677: 6665: 6622: 6589: 6553: 6547: 6538: 6534:Ka Choung Falls 6517: 6502: 6492: 6490: 6460: 6455: 6442: 6440: 6409: 6364: 6362: 6347: 6345: 6329: 6326: 6282: 6277: 6267: 6263: 6230: 6225: 6209: 6197: 6180: 6174: 6157: 6151: 6134: 6116: 6107: 6105: 6088: 6082: 6065: 6056: 6054: 6053:. February 2008 6037: 6031: 6011: 6005: 5988: 5982: 5965: 5950: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5896: 5890: 5873: 5867: 5850: 5844: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5808: 5801: 5785: 5780: 5765: 5760: 5754: 5734: 5727: 5716: 5712: 5696: 5689:Phnom Penh Post 5685: 5679: 5666: 5650: 5633: 5594: 5590:on 30 May 2009. 5582: 5576: 5559: 5553: 5536: 5532:on 30 May 2010. 5513: 5504: 5502: 5500:Radio Free Asia 5493: 5489:on 7 June 2011. 5486: 5475: 5471: 5464: 5453: 5449: 5422: 5413: 5411: 5400: 5393: 5387: 5372: 5365: 5351: 5334: 5329: 5313: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5271: 5260: 5245: 5229: 5216: 5210: 5197: 5191: 5171: 5165: 5148: 5142: 5125: 5119: 5102: 5095: 5084: 5080: 5076:on 10 May 2013. 5064: 5057: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5018: 5012: 4995: 4978: 4964: 4947: 4940: 4929: 4924: 4910: 4893: 4884: 4882: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4847: 4840: 4829: 4825: 4818: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4788: 4782: 4765: 4749: 4743: 4726: 4719:Phnom Penh Post 4715: 4690: 4673: 4667: 4650: 4643: 4637: 4620: 4614: 4597: 4585: 4579: 4562: 4556: 4539: 4530: 4528: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4484: 4466:Chandler, David 4464: 4450: 4430:Chandler, David 4428: 4412: 4403: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4357: 4355: 4354:. February 2014 4347: 4343: 4334: 4332: 4331:. December 2013 4324: 4320: 4311: 4309: 4308:. November 2013 4301: 4297: 4286:El Confidencial 4278: 4267:El Confidencial 4259: 4245: 4228: 4221: 4214: 4209: 4191: 4178: 4169: 4155: 4138: 4134:on 8 June 2011. 4131: 4120: 4115: 4098: 4055: 4038: 4029: 4027: 4020: 4016: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3962: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3919: 3915: 3907: 3903: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3847: 3843: 3823: 3819: 3811: 3807: 3799: 3790: 3782: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3747: 3743: 3731: 3724: 3712: 3708: 3692: 3688: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3489: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3461: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3437:, p. 258; 3425: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3401: 3394: 3382: 3375: 3359: 3355: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3263: 3259: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3224: 3208: 3204: 3192: 3188: 3168: 3164: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3124: 3120: 3100: 3096: 3084: 3080: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3049: 3025: 3021: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2825: 2817: 2813: 2805: 2801: 2793: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2754: 2750: 2738: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2694: 2690: 2678: 2671: 2655: 2651: 2631: 2627: 2611: 2607: 2595: 2588: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2557: 2541: 2537: 2533:, pp. 5–6. 2529: 2525: 2517: 2513: 2505: 2501: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2462: 2454: 2447: 2435: 2428: 2412: 2403: 2395: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2346: 2342: 2330: 2326: 2294: 2290: 2278: 2271: 2243: 2239: 2223: 2216: 2204: 2197: 2185: 2181: 2169: 2165: 2153:, p. 251; 2149: 2145: 2133: 2129: 2109: 2105: 2093: 2089: 2074: 2070: 2046: 2042: 2022: 2018: 2006: 2002: 1978: 1974: 1946: 1942: 1934: 1930: 1902: 1895: 1883: 1874: 1850: 1846: 1822: 1818: 1798: 1794: 1784:Stuart-Fox 1997 1778: 1774: 1766: 1759: 1751: 1747: 1735: 1731: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1700: 1696:, pp. 6–7. 1692: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1539:. Each village 1523: 1513: 1497:variety of NGOs 1464:child mortality 1428: 1422: 1330: 1324: 1228: 1165:Ta Veaeng Kraom 1021:Trapeang Kraham 820: 804:illegal logging 781:Asian elephants 747:Aerial view of 672: 599:U.S. president 490: 398: 395: 392: 389: 351: 350: 349: 336:Without proper 327: 323: 304: 216: 213: 197:Nhem Samoeurn ( 150: 148: 134:13.733; 107.000 133: 131: 127: 124: 119: 116: 114: 112: 111: 105: 93: 92: 91: 90: 75: 58: 52: 43: 36: 29: 26: 21: 12: 11: 5: 7104: 7102: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7078: 7077: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7023:Preah Sihanouk 7020: 7015: 7010: 7008:Oddar Meanchey 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6942: 6938: 6937: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6912: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6897: 6890: 6882: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6800:Ta Veaeng Leu 6796: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6748: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6632: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6604: 6602: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6566: 6564: 6555: 6552:Administrative 6549: 6548: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6529:Lake Yeak Laom 6525: 6523: 6519: 6518: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6481: 6474: 6466: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6434: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6395: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6356: 6339: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6317: 6310: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6281: 6280:External links 6278: 6276: 6275: 6261: 6241:(2): 112–132. 6223: 6207: 6195: 6178: 6172: 6155: 6149: 6132: 6114: 6086: 6080: 6063: 6035: 6029: 6021:United Nations 6009: 6003: 5986: 5980: 5963: 5948: 5938:on 8 June 2011 5917: 5911: 5894: 5888: 5871: 5865: 5848: 5842: 5825: 5806: 5795:United Nations 5778: 5758: 5752: 5732: 5710: 5694: 5683: 5677: 5664: 5648: 5631: 5592: 5580: 5574: 5557: 5551: 5534: 5523:United Nations 5511: 5491: 5469: 5447: 5420: 5398: 5385: 5363: 5349: 5332: 5327: 5311: 5292: 5286: 5269: 5258: 5243: 5214: 5208: 5195: 5189: 5169: 5163: 5146: 5140: 5123: 5117: 5100: 5078: 5062: 5040: 5034: 5016: 5010: 4993: 4976: 4962: 4945: 4922: 4908: 4891: 4868: 4862: 4845: 4823: 4805: 4799: 4786: 4780: 4763: 4747: 4741: 4724: 4713: 4688: 4671: 4665: 4648: 4635: 4618: 4612: 4595: 4583: 4577: 4560: 4554: 4537: 4517: 4496: 4482: 4462: 4448: 4440:Westview Press 4426: 4410: 4387: 4364: 4341: 4318: 4295: 4289:(in Spanish). 4276: 4270:(in Spanish). 4257: 4243: 4226: 4207: 4189: 4176: 4167: 4153: 4136: 4113: 4096: 4070:(2): 457–468. 4053: 4036: 4014: 3995: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3949: 3937: 3913: 3901: 3881: 3869: 3857: 3841: 3817: 3805: 3788: 3769: 3757: 3741: 3722: 3706: 3686: 3666: 3654: 3642: 3630: 3614: 3599: 3587: 3575: 3551: 3539: 3527: 3515: 3503: 3483: 3471: 3469:, p. 258. 3455: 3443: 3429:, p. 34; 3419: 3415:Sisovanna 2012 3407: 3405:, p. 258. 3392: 3373: 3353: 3349:Sisovanna 2012 3343:, p. 16; 3333: 3321: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3257: 3251:, p. 17; 3237: 3222: 3202: 3186: 3162: 3146: 3134: 3118: 3094: 3078: 3076:, p. 119. 3062: 3047: 3027:Dauvergne 2001 3019: 2995: 2969: 2957: 2955:, p. 170. 2945:NGO Forum 2005 2937: 2925: 2919:, p. 10; 2905: 2893: 2860: 2844: 2823: 2811: 2799: 2780: 2768: 2748: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2688: 2669: 2649: 2625: 2605: 2586: 2570: 2555: 2535: 2523: 2511: 2499: 2475: 2460: 2445: 2426: 2401: 2372: 2360: 2340: 2324: 2298:, p. 76; 2288: 2269: 2237: 2214: 2208:, p. 11; 2195: 2179: 2163: 2143: 2127: 2103: 2087: 2068: 2050:, p. 11; 2040: 2024:Kissinger 2003 2016: 2000: 1972: 1940: 1928: 1893: 1872: 1844: 1816: 1792: 1772: 1757: 1745: 1729: 1709: 1698: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1530:slash and burn 1512: 1509: 1421: 1418: 1396:, and 3% were 1329: 1326: 1244:slash and burn 1227: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1017:Trapeang Chres 1005:Srae Angkrorng 998: 993: 989: 988: 985: 960: 955: 951: 950: 947: 933: 928: 924: 923: 920: 907: 902: 898: 897: 894: 891: 888: 819: 816: 768:montane forest 738:Yali Falls Dam 708:Annamite Range 702:regrown after 671: 668: 489: 486: 465:, but a harsh 439:Annamite Range 340:, you may see 328: 321: 320: 319: 316: 315: 302: 298: 297: 287: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 261: 257: 256: 248: 244: 243: 239: 238: 235: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 218: 217: 212: 210: 203: 202: 195: 191: 190: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 146: 142: 141: 107: 106: 103: 95: 94: 88: 82: 81: 80: 77: 76: 73: 65: 64: 54: 53: 48: 45: 44: 34: 27: 24: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7103: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7074: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 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5872: 5868: 5866:0-415-29777-X 5862: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5819: 5812: 5807: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5784: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5764: 5759: 5755: 5753:0-8050-8006-6 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5736:Short, Philip 5733: 5726: 5722: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5684: 5680: 5678:87-87062-98-4 5674: 5670: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5605:(6): 258–59. 5604: 5600: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5571: 5567: 5566:Lonely Planet 5563: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5544: 5543:Lonely Planet 5540: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5515:"Rattanakiri" 5512: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5485: 5481: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5421: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5378: 5371: 5370: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5350:1-85828-837-1 5346: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5287:0-520-07052-6 5283: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5249: 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June 2002. 5027: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5011:0-7007-1737-4 5007: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4963:0-931745-78-0 4959: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4880: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4863:1-4020-7003-9 4859: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4824: 4817: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4800:1-85743-133-2 4796: 4793:. Routledge. 4792: 4787: 4783: 4781:0-275-98513-X 4777: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4742:0-253-33854-9 4738: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4613:0-415-32602-8 4609: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4578:0-8058-5693-5 4574: 4570: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4503: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4483:0-300-04919-6 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4449:0-8133-3510-8 4445: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4399: 4392: 4388: 4376: 4369: 4365: 4353: 4346: 4342: 4330: 4323: 4319: 4307: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4244:0-85598-430-9 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4208: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4190:99950-51-04-4 4186: 4182: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4154:1-891620-00-2 4150: 4146: 4145:PublicAffairs 4142: 4137: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4045:Colored Stone 4042: 4037: 4026: 4019: 4015: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3966:, p. 19. 3965: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3851:, p. 9; 3850: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3818: 3815:, p. 16. 3814: 3809: 3806: 3803:, p. 13. 3802: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3786:, p. 14. 3785: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3676:, p. 8; 3675: 3674:Bourdier 2006 3670: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3652:, p. 33. 3651: 3646: 3643: 3640:, p. 29. 3639: 3634: 3631: 3628:, p. 38. 3627: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3612:, p. 38. 3611: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3597:, p. 42. 3596: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3552: 3549:, p. 36. 3548: 3543: 3540: 3537:, p. 36. 3536: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3363:, Article 5; 3362: 3357: 3354: 3350: 3347:, p. 6; 3346: 3342: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3298: 3295:, p. 30. 3294: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3238: 3235:, p. 11. 3234: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2938: 2935:, p. 10. 2934: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2906: 2903:, p. 93. 2902: 2897: 2894: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2864: 2861: 2858:, p. 85. 2857: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2842:, p. 12. 2841: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2821:, p. 10. 2820: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2800: 2797:, p. 11. 2796: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2766:, p. 79. 2765: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2709: 2706:, p. 13. 2705: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2512: 2509:, p. iv. 2508: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352:Christie 2012 2349: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171:Etcheson 2005 2167: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2078:, p. 5; 2077: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988:Chandler 1991 1985: 1981: 1980:Chandler 1999 1976: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:Chandler 1991 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952:Chandler 1999 1949: 1944: 1941: 1938:, p. 10. 1937: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1904:Chandler 1991 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1854:, p. 5; 1853: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1826:, p. 5; 1825: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1782:, p. 4; 1781: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1719:, p. 5; 1718: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1611:village near 1610: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1427: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1338: 1334: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1319:small airport 1314: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1242:, practicing 1241: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1161:Ta Veaeng Leu 1159: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001:Serei Mongkol 999: 997: 994: 991: 990: 986: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 961: 959: 956: 953: 952: 948: 945: 941: 937: 934: 932: 929: 926: 925: 921: 919: 915: 911: 908: 906: 903: 900: 899: 895: 892: 889: 886: 885: 882: 880: 871: 867: 864: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 828: 826: 817: 815: 813: 812:microclimates 809: 805: 801: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 765: 758: 754: 750: 745: 741: 739: 734: 730: 726: 724: 720: 716: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 676: 669: 667: 665: 661: 656: 651: 645: 642: 637: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 606: 602: 601:Richard Nixon 597: 593: 591: 586: 582: 577: 573: 569: 565: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 487: 485: 483: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 459: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 405:of northeast 404: 396:Gem Mountains 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 359: 355: 347: 343: 339: 335: 333: 313: 303: 295: 291: 288: 286: 278: 270: 262: 249: 236: 228: 211: 209: 206: • 200: 196: 183: 176: 173: 165: 158: 147: 138: 110:Coordinates: 101: 86: 71: 51: 46: 32: 23: 19: 7073: 7063:Tboung Khmum 7037: 7028:Preah Vihear 6973:Kampong Thom 6968:Kampong Speu 6958:Kampong Cham 6512: 6509:Capital city 6508: 6499: 6401: 6269:(in Khmer). 6238: 6234: 6219:the original 6203:the original 6191:the original 6159: 6136: 6128:the original 6121: 6106:. Retrieved 6067: 6055:. Retrieved 6046: 6043:Seagen Waves 6042: 6016: 5990: 5967: 5958:Boston Globe 5956: 5940:. Retrieved 5933:the original 5898: 5875: 5852: 5829: 5818:the original 5799:the original 5789: 5769: 5739: 5725:the original 5706:the original 5687: 5668: 5660:the original 5644:the original 5602: 5596: 5588:the original 5561: 5538: 5530:the original 5518: 5503:. Retrieved 5484:the original 5462:the original 5443:the original 5425: 5412:. Retrieved 5406: 5391:the original 5368: 5341:Rough Guides 5336: 5323:the original 5303:. Retrieved 5273: 5262: 5251: 5222: 5199: 5176: 5150: 5127: 5104: 5093:the original 5074:the original 5055:the original 5020: 4997: 4988: 4984: 4949: 4938:the original 4895: 4883:. Retrieved 4849: 4838:the original 4816:the original 4790: 4767: 4759:the original 4728: 4717: 4709:the original 4684:the original 4652: 4639: 4631:the original 4626: 4599: 4591:the original 4564: 4541: 4529:. 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Retrieved 3988:the original 3945:Calvet 2009a 3940: 3916: 3904: 3893:Calvet 2009a 3884: 3879:, p. 5. 3872: 3867:, p. 9. 3860: 3844: 3820: 3808: 3760: 3744: 3709: 3689: 3669: 3657: 3645: 3633: 3617: 3590: 3578: 3567:Kosonen 2007 3559:Clayton 2006 3554: 3542: 3530: 3525:, p. 7. 3518: 3506: 3501:, p. 9. 3486: 3481:, p. 9. 3474: 3467:Riddell 2006 3458: 3453:, p. 3. 3446: 3435:Riddell 2006 3422: 3410: 3403:Riddell 2006 3384:Clayton 2006 3356: 3336: 3331:, p. 6. 3324: 3312: 3300: 3288: 3276: 3260: 3255:, p. 6. 3240: 3205: 3189: 3165: 3154:Spooner 2008 3149: 3137: 3126:Vinding 2003 3121: 3110:UNESCAP 2006 3097: 3086:Summers 2002 3081: 3065: 3022: 3011:Calvet 2009b 2998: 2986:. Retrieved 2981: 2972: 2960: 2940: 2928: 2908: 2896: 2884:. Retrieved 2875: 2863: 2847: 2814: 2802: 2771: 2751: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2691: 2652: 2628: 2608: 2573: 2538: 2526: 2514: 2502: 2478: 2473:, p. 3. 2363: 2343: 2327: 2316:Vinding 2004 2300:Stidsen 2007 2291: 2280:Vinding 2004 2261:Vinding 2004 2245:Stidsen 2007 2240: 2229:Vinding 2004 2210:Waldick 2001 2182: 2166: 2155:Vajpeyi 2001 2146: 2130: 2106: 2101:, p. 5. 2090: 2071: 2060:Vajpeyi 2001 2043: 2019: 2003: 1975: 1943: 1931: 1864:Vajpeyi 2001 1847: 1836:Vajpeyi 2001 1819: 1808:Headley 1997 1795: 1775: 1755:, p. 4. 1748: 1743:, p. 5. 1732: 1712: 1701: 1664: 1651:missionaries 1637: 1617: 1553: 1547:(2.5–5 1524: 1499:, including 1489: 1480: 1468:malnutrition 1436:tuberculosis 1429: 1362: 1358: 1342: 1323: 1315: 1311: 1275: 1237: 905:Andoung Meas 876: 860: 829: 821: 808:Soil erosion 797: 761: 727: 696:Tonle Srepok 688:crater lakes 681: 646: 638: 610: 571: 567: 566:) and គិរី ( 563: 556: 555:words រតនៈ ( 548: 542: 491: 479: 467:Khmerization 455: 447:Tonlé Srepok 377: 369: 353: 352: 346:Khmer script 329: 181:Subdivisions 61:ខេត្តរតនគិរី 22: 7048:Stung Treng 6256:10852/67410 6103:10625/27747 5505:21 November 4991:(2): 33–42. 4881:. June 2019 4526:Khmer Times 3973:Works cited 3877:Hamade 2003 3833:Samath 2001 3813:Hamade 2003 3801:Hamade 2003 3784:Hamade 2003 3753:Hamade 2003 3733:Samath 2001 3694:Samath 2001 3678:Samath 2001 3622:CNPRDB 2003 3535:Hubbel 2007 3513:, p. 6 3493:, pp. 3463:Hubbel 2007 3451:Hamade 2003 3427:Hubbel 2007 3194:Palmer 2002 3142:Thomas 2004 3112:, pp. 3070:Kurczy 2009 3058:Dennis 1999 3039:Kurczy 2009 3029:, pp. 2984:(in German) 2933:Suzuki 2005 2917:Suzuki 2005 2913:Levett 2007 2852:CNPRDB 2003 2740:Hughes 2003 2704:Suzuki 2005 2696:Samath 2001 2680:Samath 2001 2657:Samath 2001 2645:Suzuki 2005 2633:Samath 2001 2617:Samath 2001 2615:, ch. 4–5; 2597:Samath 2001 2580:, pp. 2578:Samath 2001 2566:Kurczy 2009 2491:Xinhua 2007 2485:, pp. 2354:, pp. 2206:Suzuki 2005 2189:, pp. 2187:Samath 2001 2151:Becker 1998 2135:Thomas 2005 2119:Thomas 2005 2111:Samath 2001 2095:Becker 1998 2080:Samath 2001 2052:Samath 2001 2048:Clymer 2004 1960:Locard 1996 1948:Becker 1998 1936:Clymer 2004 1920:Martin 1994 1912:Dommen 2001 1885:Samath 2001 1856:Samath 2001 1838:, pp. 1828:Samath 2001 1770:, p. 5 1644:sacrificial 1527:subsistence 1388:, 11% were 1384:, 23% were 753:crater lake 655:concessions 613:Khmer Rouge 590:Brao people 559:"gem" from 547:. The name 475:Vietnam War 471:Khmer Rouge 415:Stung Treng 308:.ratanakiri 163:Established 132: / 7080:Categories 7053:Svay Rieng 7038:Ratanakiri 7003:Mondulkiri 6953:Battambang 6923:Phnom Penh 6843:Kaoh Peak 6714:Aekakpheap 6651:Lung Khung 5791:Conference 5264:Communisme 5224:Asia Times 3931:, p. 3929:Short 2006 3923:, p. 3889:Baird 2009 3865:Brown 2006 3855:, ch. 4–5. 3849:Brown 2006 3835:, p. 3827:, p. 3825:Tyler 2006 3735:, p. 3716:, p. 3714:Jones 2002 3696:, p. 3680:, p. 3650:NISC 2014b 3638:NISC 2014b 3626:NISC 2014b 3610:NISC 2014b 3595:NISC 2014b 3583:NISC 2014b 3569:, p. 3561:, p. 3547:NISC 2014b 3491:Brown 2000 3386:, p. 3367:, p. 3365:Tyler 2006 3341:NISC 2014a 3317:NISC 2014a 3305:NISC 2014c 3293:NISC 2013b 3267:, p. 3249:NISC 2013a 3245:NISC 2014c 3233:NISC 2014c 3212:, p. 3196:, p. 3156:, p. 3128:, p. 3104:, p. 3102:Baird 2013 3088:, p. 3015:Dobbs 1994 2901:NISC 2014c 2886:7 February 2840:Brown 2006 2819:Brown 2006 2807:Brown 2006 2795:Brown 2006 2776:Pheap 2015 2758:, p. 2742:, p. 2698:, p. 2682:, p. 2659:, p. 2635:, p. 2619:, p. 2599:, p. 2553:, ch. 4–5. 2545:, p. 2507:Brown 2006 2439:, p. 2420:, p. 2334:, p. 2318:, p. 2310:, p. 2308:Tyler 2006 2302:, p. 2282:, p. 2263:, p. 2255:, p. 2253:Tyler 2006 2247:, p. 2231:, p. 2173:, p. 2157:, p. 2137:, p. 2121:, p. 2113:, p. 2082:, p. 2062:, p. 2054:, p. 2034:, p. 2032:Short 2006 2026:, p. 2010:, p. 2008:Short 2006 1990:, p. 1982:, p. 1966:, p. 1954:, p. 1922:, p. 1914:, p. 1906:, p. 1887:, p. 1866:, p. 1858:, p. 1830:, p. 1802:, p. 1786:, p. 1723:, p. 1721:Stark 2004 1670:References 1517:Khmer Loeu 1515:See also: 1424:See also: 1402:Vietnamese 1392:, 3% were 1366:Khmer Loeu 1255:cash crops 1085:Aekakpheap 1047:Lbang Muoy 1039:Chey Otdam 975:Lung Khung 789:giant ibis 684:watersheds 639:After the 625:communists 621:Vietnamese 581:Khmer Loeu 549:Ratanakiri 516:, and the 498:Bronze Age 458:Khmer Loeu 411:Mondulkiri 378:Ratanagirī 370:Rôtânôkĭri 354:Ratanakiri 242:Population 189:Government 35:Ratanakiri 7043:Siem Reap 7033:Prey Veng 6941:Provinces 6858:Phnum Kok 6838:Kaoh Pang 6833:Ka Choun 6777:Saom Thum 6757:Lum Choar 6661:Ting Chak 6618:Yeak Laom 6613:Labansiek 6554:divisions 6522:Landmarks 5857:Routledge 5744:Macmillan 5305:22 August 5233:cite news 5002:Routledge 4985:Watershed 4918:699009457 4885:27 August 4604:Routledge 4587:"Climate" 4569:Routledge 4546:Routledge 4199:148032215 4084:0257-9774 4064:Anthropos 4018:"Annex 1" 3909:AIPP 2006 3897:AIPP 2006 3523:Chat 2003 2495:AMRC 2003 2414:Bann 1997 2397:Bann 1997 2296:Hall 2011 1706:NISC 2019 1648:Christian 1590:jackfruit 1585:buffaloes 1581:Wild game 1211:Phnum Kok 1199:Kaoh Peak 1195:Kaoh Pang 1156:Ta Veaeng 1139:Saom Thum 1123:Lum Choar 1114:Ou Ya Dav 1051:Lbang Pir 983:Ting Chak 967:Keh Chong 944:Yeak Laom 940:Labansiek 893:Communes 890:District 887:ISO Code 879:districts 779:includes 733:monsoonal 712:broadleaf 692:Tonle San 506:Annamites 443:Tonlé San 290:UTC+07:00 285:Time zone 18:Ratnagiri 6993:Koh Kong 6863:Veun Sai 6853:Pa Kalan 6828:Hat Pak 6823:Ban Pong 6762:Pak Nhai 6752:Bar Kham 6729:Sameakki 6641:Ke Chong 6015:(2006). 5830:Cambodia 5738:(2006). 5698:Sen, Hun 5619:17152317 5562:Cambodia 5539:Cambodia 5439:43102655 5359:49833053 5337:Cambodia 5175:(2003). 5109:Springer 4972:38749822 4854:Springer 4492:23767070 4468:(1991). 4458:40396576 4432:(1999). 4253:42308387 4231:Cambodia 4163:39556325 4092:40467185 3702:ADB 2008 3329:ADB 2002 3174:Sen 2007 3003:AFP 2004 2921:ADB 2008 2543:Fox 2002 2437:Fox 2002 2418:Fox 2002 2348:HRW 2002 2225:ADB 2008 1800:Fox 2002 1737:ADB 2002 1694:ADB 2002 1656:Buddhist 1626:, wood, 1565:potatoes 1545:hectares 1484:literate 1460:maternal 1448:diarrhea 1350:Veun Sai 1294:sapphire 1290:amethyst 1257:such as 1215:Veun Sai 1207:Pa Kalan 1191:Ka Choun 1183:Ban Pong 1178:Veun Sai 1127:Pak Nhai 1119:Bar Kham 1097:Sameakki 1043:Ka Laeng 996:Koun Mom 958:Bar Kaev 791:and the 749:Yak Loum 561:Sanskrit 538:Thailand 407:Cambodia 403:province 157:Cambodia 50:Province 6848:Kok Lak 6782:Ya Tung 6724:Ou Chum 6703:Cha Ung 6608:Kachanh 6575:Mai Hie 6514:Banlung 6449:Vietnam 6371:Vietnam 6273:. 2017. 5414:15 July 5253:The Age 4646:. 1999. 4531:14 July 4404:14 July 4381:14 July 4358:14 July 4335:14 July 4312:14 July 4111:: 1–23. 4030:21 July 4008:14 July 2487:139–142 1640:animist 1613:Banlung 1598:mangoes 1594:papayas 1577:protein 1569:cassava 1511:Culture 1456:endemic 1452:vaccine 1444:cholera 1432:Malaria 1410:Chinese 1378:Tampuan 1354:Lomphat 1346:Banlung 1337:Tampuan 1298:Peridot 1292:, blue 1271:karaoke 1267:tobacco 1263:mangoes 1259:cashews 1251:Culture 1249:. (See 1219:27,210 1203:Kok Lak 1187:Hat Pak 1147:23,932 1143:Ya Tung 1105:25,301 1093:Ou Chum 1077:Cha Ung 1072:Ou Chum 1063:27,839 1055:Ba Tang 1034:Lumphat 1025:30,810 987:28,279 971:La Minh 949:30,399 936:Kachanh 922:17,617 852:Bou Lam 757:Banlung 534:Banlung 526:Laotian 488:History 435:Kon Tum 431:Gia Lai 427:Vietnam 423:Attapeu 401:) is a 390: 362:រតនគិរី 301:Website 255:238,975 214:1 / 125 175:Banlung 171:Capital 145:Country 120:107°0′E 117:13°44′N 40:រតនគិរី 7018:Pursat 7013:Pailin 6998:Kratié 6983:Kandal 6978:Kampot 6772:Sesant 6688: 6676: 6646:Laming 6585:Ta Lav 6446: 6368: 6351: 6170: 6147: 6078: 6027: 6001: 5978: 5942:2 June 5909: 5886: 5863: 5840: 5750: 5675: 5627:827524 5625: 5617: 5572: 5549: 5437: 5383: 5357: 5347: 5284: 5206: 5187: 5161: 5138: 5115: 5032: 5008: 4970: 4960: 4916: 4906: 4860: 4797: 4778: 4739: 4703:, and 4663: 4610: 4575: 4552: 4490: 4480: 4456: 4446: 4251: 4241: 4197: 4187: 4161: 4151: 4090: 4082: 2988:9 July 2949:Part I 2882:. 2019 2582:350–51 2356:162-63 2191:353–54 1840:126–27 1660:Muslim 1630:, and 1624:rattan 1620:bamboo 1609:Kreung 1596:, and 1571:, and 1450:, and 1408:, and 1394:Kachok 1386:Kreung 1370:Khmers 1286:zircon 1282:cashew 1278:rubber 1265:, and 1169:7,503 1135:Sesant 1009:Ta Ang 918:Ta Lav 863:elders 719:basalt 686:, and 557:rôtânô 512:, the 508:, the 425:) and 374:ALA-LC 366:UNGEGN 154: 7058:Takeo 6719:Kalai 6710:/Puoy 6656:Seung 6580:Nhang 6570:Malik 6231:(PDF) 6108:4 May 6057:4 May 6049:(1). 5936:(PDF) 5925:(PDF) 5821:(PDF) 5814:(PDF) 5802:(PDF) 5786:(PDF) 5766:(PDF) 5728:(PDF) 5717:(PDF) 5623:S2CID 5487:(PDF) 5476:(PDF) 5465:(PDF) 5454:(PDF) 5394:(PDF) 5373:(PDF) 5299:(PDF) 5096:(PDF) 5085:(PDF) 5058:(PDF) 5047:(PDF) 4941:(PDF) 4930:(PDF) 4875:(PDF) 4841:(PDF) 4830:(PDF) 4819:(PDF) 4812:(PDF) 4644:(PDF) 4513:(PDF) 4506:(PDF) 4394:(PDF) 4371:(PDF) 4348:(PDF) 4325:(PDF) 4302:(PDF) 4235:Oxfam 4222:(PDF) 4215:(PDF) 4132:(PDF) 4121:(PDF) 4088:JSTOR 4021:(PDF) 4002:(PDF) 3991:(PDF) 3984:(PDF) 3662:Riska 3495:59–60 3114:29–30 2872:(PDF) 1675:Notes 1632:kanma 1561:maize 1549:acres 1501:Oxfam 1493:wells 1414:Khmer 1398:Kavet 1382:Jarai 1174:1609 1152:1608 1110:1607 1089:Kalai 1068:1606 1030:1605 992:1604 979:Saeng 954:1603 927:1602 914:Nhang 910:Malik 901:1601 755:near 585:Khmer 564:ratna 553:Khmer 514:Khmer 494:Stone 358:Khmer 334:text. 332:Khmer 6767:Pate 6734:L'ak 6708:Chan 6599:city 6354:Laos 6168:ISBN 6145:ISBN 6110:2008 6076:ISBN 6059:2008 6025:ISBN 5999:ISBN 5976:ISBN 5944:2008 5907:ISBN 5884:ISBN 5861:ISBN 5838:ISBN 5748:ISBN 5673:ISBN 5615:PMID 5570:ISBN 5547:ISBN 5507:2020 5435:OCLC 5416:2015 5381:ISBN 5355:OCLC 5345:ISBN 5307:2020 5282:ISBN 5239:link 5204:ISBN 5185:ISBN 5159:ISBN 5136:ISBN 5113:ISBN 5030:ISBN 5006:ISBN 4968:OCLC 4958:ISBN 4914:OCLC 4904:ISBN 4887:2020 4858:ISBN 4795:ISBN 4776:ISBN 4737:ISBN 4661:ISBN 4608:ISBN 4573:ISBN 4550:ISBN 4533:2015 4488:OCLC 4478:ISBN 4454:OCLC 4444:ISBN 4406:2015 4383:2015 4360:2015 4337:2015 4314:2015 4249:OCLC 4239:ISBN 4195:OCLC 4185:ISBN 4159:OCLC 4149:ISBN 4080:ISSN 4032:2015 4010:2015 2990:2023 2888:2021 1628:saek 1573:taro 1557:rice 1519:and 1503:and 1462:and 1406:Cham 1390:Brou 1296:and 1280:and 1131:Pate 1101:L'ak 1081:Chan 1059:Seda 1013:Teun 785:gaur 751:, a 694:and 572:giri 568:kĭri 518:Thai 510:Cham 445:and 433:and 419:Laos 387:lit. 310:.gov 279:21st 263:20th 221:Area 166:1959 89:Seal 6988:Kep 6636:Kak 6511:: 6251:hdl 6243:doi 6099:hdl 5607:doi 5603:126 4291:EFE 4272:EFE 4072:doi 4068:104 3933:171 3837:354 3737:354 3698:354 3682:354 3571:125 3563:104 3431:WFP 3388:104 3269:292 3214:334 3198:241 3130:268 3090:251 3035:133 3031:119 2762:.; 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