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They are arranged in irregular groups which are not believed to be random. Most of the craters are in lines or groups, and are found at a short distance of the next crater, and may overlap. This may be due to “the underlying lava pathway geometry and/or by the
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The cones are placed directly over the connected lava flow, in this case the Elliðaárhraun, which has a width of about 2 km (1.2 mi) and a length of about 27 km (17 mi). Scientists to the beginning of the 20th century counted 150
218:
The internal stratigraphy of the cones shows the different phases of the eruption: “They are typically stratified (formed by multiple eruptive events), inversely size graded (showing decreasing explosivity with time), and capped with welded
188:"When lava flows over shallow lakes, marshland or in river channels pseudocraters are formed." The heat of the lava causes expansion and boiling, the water content is changed into steam and this initiates
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Originally there were over 100 craters, but the gravel from them was taken and used for construction. Most of the material was removed around
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volcanic system. A branch of the
Leitahraun lava flow, is called Elliðaárhraun and was emitted by the shield volcano about 5000 years ago.
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The phenomenon is rarely found elsewhere on Earth, than
Iceland. Scientists have identified potentially similar geological structures on
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The Rauðhólar built up on a location where lava flows entered and covered a small lake just north of today's Elliðavatn.
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bed (the lake bottom before-eruption), a 7 m (23 ft) high lava flow and a 5 m (16 ft) high
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289:, and if confirmed they could be a sign of the existence of water at the time of eruptions on that planet.
243:”, i.e. the form of the lava pathway it the water content of the sediments below the lava when it erupted.
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The largest cone of the group had a width of 212 m and rose 22 m above the surrounding lava surface.
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The name Rauðhólar means “Red Mounds”. It refers to the reddish color of their rocks due to
482:"Clustering within rootless cone groups on Iceland and Mars: Effect of nonrandom processes"
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groups are common in
Iceland. Other well known rootless cone groups in Iceland are the
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331:
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Some other volcanic cone groups in
Iceland also bear the name of Rauðhólar (see e.g.
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420:Þorleifur Einarsson: Geology of Iceland. Rocks and landscape. Reykjavík 1991, p. 78
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118:. Sometimes the rootless cone group is also called Rauðhólar við/near Elliðavatn.
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Bruno, B.C.; Fagents, S.A.; Thordarson, T.; Baloga, S.M.; Pilger, E. (2004).
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Snæbjörn Guðmundsson: Vegavísir um jarðfræði Íslands. Reykjavík 2015, p. 43
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Snæbjörn Guðmundsson: Vegavísir um jarðfræði Íslands. Reykjavík 2015, p. 42
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Today, Rauðhólar are protected as part of
Reykjavík's nature reserve of
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461:Íslandshandbókin. Náttúra, saga of sérkenni. Reykjavík 1989, p. 813
510:Íslandshandbókin. Náttúra, saga of sérkenni. Reykjavík 1989, p. 34
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441:. Harpenden or Dunedin Academic Press(2nd edition). p. 56.
386:. Harpenden or Dunedin Academic Press(2nd edition). p. 55.
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196:“. The cones are fed laterally, from feeders which actually are
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The cone group is situated not far from
Reykjavík's district of
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In this way, these craters have no direct connection with a
192:“This often leads to the formation of very regularly shaped
348:
Big Map of
Reykjavik. 2007 - 2008 / Iceland Road Atlas.
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227:depletion).” Some cones have more than one crater.
437:Thordarson, Thor; Hoskuldsson, Armann (2002).
382:Thordarson, Thor; Hoskuldsson, Armann (2002).
66:lava fields on the south-eastern outskirts of
215:, thence the denomination as rootless cones.
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223:(indicating cessation of explosivity due to
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20:Esja behind one of the quarried cones
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439:Iceland. Classic geology of Europe 3
384:Iceland. Classic geology of Europe 3
134:These rootless cones, also called
74:next to the South Iceland part of
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581:Brennisteinsfjöll Volcanic System
486:Journal of Geophysical Research
184:Formation of the rootless cones
53:) are remnants of a cluster of
301:and used for projects such as
231:Grouping of the rootless cones
63:[ˈɛtlɪːðaˌaur̥ˌr̥œyːn]
1:
111:[ˈnɔ(r)tliŋkaˌhɔl̥t]
597:
28:Outcrops at the Rauðhólar
190:hydromagmatic explosions
50:[ˈrœyðˌhouːlar̥]
46:Icelandic pronunciation:
576:Reykjanes Volcanic Belt
337:Rauðhólar (Vesturdalur)
154:. This shield volcano,
95:Rauðhólar (Vesturdalur)
78:, the Suðurlandsvegur.
571:Geography of Reykjavík
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498:10.1029/2004JE002273
547:64.0954°N 21.7559°W
543: /
305:and road building.
264:Kirkjubæjarklaustur
282:in North Iceland.
138:, are part of the
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552:64.0954; -21.7559
309:Nature protection
303:Reykjavík Airport
211:reservoir in the
160:Brennisteinsfjöll
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268:Álftaversgígar
256:Landbrotshólar
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194:scoria craters
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148:shield volcano
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107:Norðlingaholt
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59:Elliðaárhraun
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260:Eldgjáhraun
152:Hellisheiði
565:Categories
538:21°45′21″W
535:64°05′43″N
492:(E07009).
353:References
332:Elliðavatn
198:lava tubes
180:platform.
144:lava flows
140:Leitahraun
116:Elliðavatn
76:Hringvegur
241:hydrology
238:substrate
101:Geography
68:Reykjavík
42:Rauðhólar
36:Rauðhólar
327:Heiðmörk
321:See also
315:Heiðmörk
278:at lake
274:and the
225:volatile
202:pāhoehoe
174:mudstone
172:shows a
343:Sources
258:in the
221:spatter
204:flows.
146:from a
130:Geology
122:cones.“
72:Iceland
445:
390:
293:Quarry
280:Mývatn
266:, the
178:scoria
156:Leitin
150:up on
142:lava,
209:magma
443:ISBN
388:ISBN
287:Mars
168:The
82:Name
40:The
494:doi
490:109
270:on
126:”.
97:).
57:in
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488:.
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466:^
425:^
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317:.
90:.
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44:(
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