156:(1995) Advanced Rendering Technology (ART) founded in Cambridge, UK, based on a 1994 PhD thesis, to produce dedicated ray tracing silicon (initially the "AR250" chip, which accelerated ray-triangle intersection, bounding box traversal and shading), using a "RenderDrive" networked accelerator for off-line rendering. Products were first shipped to customers in 1998. Software provided integration with
164:
data formats, and utilized the
Renderman scene description language for sending data to the processors (the .RIB or Renderman Interface Bytestream file format). ART was re-founded as ART-VPS in 2002. As of 2010, ART-VPS no longer produces ray tracing hardware but continues to produce rendering
219:
and other ray based rendering processes when coupled to a PC CPU and GPU. The hardware is designed to organize scattered rays (typically produced by global illumination problems) into more coherent sets (lower spatial or angular spread) for further processing by an external
360:
Rasterisation methods are capable of generating realistic shadows (including shadows produced by partially transparent objects), and plane reflections easily (as of 2010), but do not easily implement reflections from non planar surfaces (excluding approximations using
20:
264:
traversal, compressed BVH node decompression, ray-AABB intersection testing, and ray-triangle intersection testing. The GeForce RTX 2080 and 2080 Ti became the first consumer-oriented brand of graphics card that can perform ray tracing in real
260:, with hardware-accelerated ray tracing using a separate functional block, publicly called an "RT core". This unit is somewhat comparable to a texture unit in size, latency, and interface to the processor core. The unit features
129:) to complete their analysis, since reflected, refracted, and scattered rays require that various parts of the scene be re-accessed in a way not easily predicted. But it can easily compute various kinds of
102:
model, one triangle at the time, and access to the complete scene is needed only once. The drawback of rasterization is that non-local effects, required for an accurate simulation of a scene, such as
27:
25:
22:
21:
756:
26:
234:, produced the Caustic Professional's R2500 and R2100 plug in cards containing RT2 ray trace units (RTUs). Each RTU was capable of calculating up to 50 million incoherent rays per second.
966:
1100:
2129:
1078:
24:
351:
For additional visualisations such as shadows, or reflections such as produced by a large flat body of water, an addition pass of the scene graph is required for each effect.
280:
micro-architecture supports real-time hardware accelerated ray tracing, consisting of BVH node decoding, ray-AABB intersection testing, and ray-triangle intersection testing.
1316:
817:
1482:
223:
Siliconarts developed a dedicated real-time ray tracing hardware (2010). RayCore (2011), which is the world's first real-time ray tracing semiconductor IP, was announced.
1438:
136:
The complexity of a well implemented ray tracing algorithm scales logarithmically; this is due to objects (triangles and collections of triangles) being placed into
1278:
1125:
1017:
1598:
324:
383:
The same methods can be used in rasterization; in a simplistic implementation, culling is limited to those BSP partitions that lie within the much larger
767:
707:
Urs Kanus, Gregor
Wetekam, Johannes Hirche, Michael Meißner, University of Tübingen / Philips Research Hamburg, Graphics Hardware (2002), pp. 1–11, via
180:
23:
1979:
1534:
1046:
449:
1808:
2124:
1512:
1365:
791:
Jörg
Schmittler; Sven Woop; Daniel Wagner; Wolfgang J. Paul; Philipp Slusallek (2004). "Realtime Ray Tracing of Dynamic Scenes on an FPGA Chip".
424:
1475:
1389:
615:
1154:
1561:
1760:
1203:
1068:
168:(1996) Researchers at Princeton university proposed using DSPs to build a hardware unit for ray tracing acceleration, named "TigerSHARK".
700:
636:
477:
SaarCOR —A Hardware
Architecture for Ray Tracing, Jörg Schmittler, Ingo Wald, Philipp Slusallek, Section 3, "The Ray Tracing Algorithm"
1733:
198:
headed by Dr.-Ing. Philipp
Slusallek has produced prototype ray tracing hardware including the FPGA based fixed function data driven
1772:
1755:
1468:
202:(Saarbrücken's Coherence Optimized Ray Tracer) chip and a more advanced programmable (2005) processor, the Ray Processing Unit (RPU)
1340:
538:
1767:
1689:
824:
2209:
1254:
967:"The future of ray tracing, reviewed: Caustic's R2500 accelerator finally moves us towards real-time ray tracing | ExtremeTech"
95:
problem in a different way. In each step, it finds all intersections of a ray with a set of relevant primitives of the scene.
103:
501:
1454:
912:
468:
SaarCOR —A Hardware
Architecture for Ray Tracing, Jörg Schmittler, Ingo Wald, Philipp Slusallek, Section 2, "Previous work"
92:
374:
That is if X is the number of triangles, then the number of computations to complete the scene is proportional to log(X).
1963:
1728:
130:
598:
Greg
Humphreys, C. Scott Ananian (Independent Work), Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, 14/5/1996,
559:
2204:
2178:
2095:
1228:
257:
1414:
581:
64:
The problem of rendering 3D graphics can be conceptually presented as finding all intersections between a set of "
2032:
1517:
261:
246:
188:
137:
2144:
1838:
1491:
295:
273:
227:
98:
Both approaches have their own benefits and drawbacks. Rasterization can be performed using devices based on a
80:
1317:"Samsung Introduces Game Changing Exynos 2200 Processor With Xclipse GPU Powered by AMD RDNA 2 Architecture"
287:
GPU in 2022, in which the GPU featured ray tracing acceleration core that are performing comparatively with
245:, announced the Nvidia RTX developer library, which promised fast GPU software ray tracing solutions in the
405:). With ray tracing the viewing frustum is replaced by the volume enclosed by a single ray (or ray bundle).
1953:
1457:
Ingo Wald and
Philipp Slusallek, Computer Graphics Group, Saarland University, Review article to year 2001
796:
643:
395:
scale better than linearly for complex (especially high occluded) scenes (note in common APIs: DirectX 10
88:
53:
1179:
446:
2199:
2139:
2100:
1911:
1843:
1341:"Gaming Performance Unleashed with Arm's new GPUs - Announcements - Arm Community blogs - Arm Community"
1038:
842:
728:
671:
206:
50:
2107:
2085:
2064:
1859:
1833:
1782:
486:
392:
152:
Various implementations of ray tracing hardware have been created, both experimental and commercial:
611:
2166:
2112:
2006:
1803:
1654:
801:
648:
517:
216:
195:
65:
936:
2156:
1813:
1716:
877:
118:
99:
1126:"AMD Announces Ryzen "Zen 3" and Radeon "RDNA2" Presentations for October: A New Journey Begins"
431:, Bill Mark, Gordon Stoll, Ingo Wald, SIGGRAPH 2005, (powerpoint presentation), Slide 26 :
399:
2149:
1948:
1823:
1711:
1432:
1272:
1018:"NVIDIA Announces RTX Technology: Real Time Ray Tracing Acceleration for Volta GPUs and Later"
388:
288:
253:
176:
46:
697:
653:
2161:
2134:
2069:
2047:
2011:
1943:
313:
231:
212:
172:
161:
1101:"AMD unveils three Radeon 6000 graphics cards with ray tracing and RTX-beating performance"
2117:
2042:
1777:
1721:
1588:
855:
741:
704:
684:
635:
Hanspeter
Pfister; Jan Hardenbergh; Jim Knittely; Hugh Lauery; Larry Seiler (April 1999).
619:
563:
542:
521:
453:
384:
141:
1292:
622:
Hanspeter
Pfister, MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, Cambridge MA (USA)
535:
205:(2009–2010) Intel showcased their prototype "Larrabee" GPU and Knights Ferry MIC at the
1958:
1684:
1593:
595:
362:
720:
2193:
1994:
1738:
1634:
1613:
428:
309:
305:
AP SoC with hardware-accelerated ray tracing based on the AMD RDNA2 GPU architecture.
157:
84:
2001:
1576:
1554:
1549:
1155:"Intel officially launches Arc A380 desktop graphics card in China, costs 153 USD"
2171:
1989:
1864:
1664:
1603:
1073:
126:
122:
939:
15/7/2009, Jonathan Erickson interview with James McCombe of Caustic Graphics,
2059:
2027:
1984:
1874:
1639:
1571:
913:"Caustic Graphics Ray Tracing Acceleration Technology Review - PC Perspective"
869:
111:
766:. Germany: Computer Graphics Group, Saarland University: 1–11. Archived from
2090:
1649:
1527:
1204:"Intel Arc A770 and Arc A750 graphics cards now available to buy from $ 289"
1133:
331:
175:
using ray tracing algorithms on custom hardware were carried out in 1999 by
140:
or similar structures, and only being analyzed if a ray intersects with the
1460:
1069:"Nvidia unveils GeForce RTX graphics chips for real-time ray tracing games"
1037:
Kilgariff, Emmett; Moreton, Henry; Stam, Nick; Bell, Brandon (2018-09-14).
1415:"The Apple 2023 Fall iPhone Event Live Blog (Starts at 10am PT/17:00 UTC)"
556:
125:
requires recursion of the ray tracing algorithm (and random access to the
2037:
1522:
320:
284:
69:
35:
1931:
1798:
1743:
1659:
1644:
1608:
1539:
1390:"New, Snapdragon 8 Gen 2: 8 extraordinary mobile experiences, unveiled"
242:
199:
73:
1828:
1818:
1704:
1699:
1629:
1583:
1566:
1544:
302:
277:
238:
107:
1366:"Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 Defines a New Standard for Premium Smartphones"
991:
215:
produced a plug in card, the "CausticOne" (2009), that accelerated
2054:
1936:
1921:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1869:
818:"RPU: A Programmable Ray Processing Unit for Realtime Ray Tracing"
298:
announced their IMG CXT GPU with hardware-accelerated ray tracing.
18:
1926:
1916:
1694:
184:
183:. with the vg500 / VolumePro ASIC based system and in 2002 with
117:
The ray tracing algorithm is inherently suitable for scaling by
1464:
133:, providing much more realistic impression than rasterization.
387:(more advanced implementations including those that implement
269:
951:
272:
announced further information regarding the "refresh" of the
698:
VIZARD II: An FPGA-based Interactive Volume Rendering System
79:
Up to 2010, all typical graphic acceleration boards, called
897:
870:"Sean Maloney's IDF 2009 Larrabee graphics demo - YouTube"
456:
Department of Computer Science at The University of Iowa,
755:
Schmittler, Jörg; Wald, Ingo; Slusallek, Philipp (2002).
76:) and a set of "rays" (typically one or more per pixel).
1255:"Imagination launches the most advanced ray tracing GPU"
121:
of individual ray renders. However, anything other than
514:
433:
Comparison Rasterization vs. Ray Tracing (Definitions)
209:
in 2009 with a demonstration of real-time ray-tracing.
557:
ALL ABOUT ARTVPS, PURE CARDS, RENDERDRIVES and RAYBOX
1180:"Intel Arc A310 Graphics Card Quietly Goes Official"
2078:
2020:
1972:
1852:
1791:
1677:
1622:
1505:
1498:
721:"SaarCOR - A Hardware Architekture for Ray Tracing"
795:. Computer Science, Saarland University, Germany.
757:"SaarCOR —A Hardware Architecture for Ray Tracing"
276:micro-architecture. According to the company, the
816:Sven Woop; Jorg Schmittler; Philipp Slusallek.
546:ART Chips In To Accelerate Ray Traced Rendering
447:Chris Wyman's Research: Interactive Refractions
1229:"Does ray tracing work on the Intel Arc GPUs?"
1476:
489:Daniel Pohl, 17/1/2008, via "PCperspective",
330:On September 12, 2023, Apple announced their
301:On January 18, 2022, Samsung announced their
8:
1437:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
637:"The VolumePro Real-Time Ray-Casting System"
427:Course notes, Course 41, Philipp Slusallek,
1455:State of the Art in Interactive Ray Tracing
1277:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
252:In September 2018, Nvidia introduced their
194:(2002) The computer graphics laboratory at
60:Introduction: Ray tracing and rasterization
1502:
1483:
1469:
1461:
800:
647:
596:A Hardware Accelerated Ray-tracing Engine
181:Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories
34:was rendered using Intel's now-cancelled
1178:updated, Mark Tyson last (2022-09-28).
487:Ray Tracing and Gaming - One Year Later
417:
344:
1430:
1270:
851:
840:
737:
726:
680:
669:
577:
575:
334:with hardware-accelerated ray tracing.
327:with hardware-accelerated ray tracing.
316:with hardware-accelerated ray tracing.
1039:"NVIDIA Turing Architecture In-Depth"
823:. Saarland University. Archived from
7:
612:The vg500 Real-Time Ray-Casting ASIC
425:Introduction to real time raytracing
1809:Input–output memory management unit
256:and Quadro RTX GPUs, based on the
14:
898:Caustic Graphics company website
1099:Judd, Will (October 28, 2020).
1081:from the original on 2022-11-13
1049:from the original on 2022-11-13
880:from the original on 2021-12-21
566:Mark Segasby (Protograph Ltd),
397:D3D10_QUERY_OCCLUSION_PREDICATE
144:of the binary space partition.
16:Type of 3D graphics accelerator
1067:Takahashi, Dean (2018-08-20).
114:nearly impossible to compute.
1:
503:Cold Chips: ART's RenderDrive
1413:Bonshor, Ryan Smith, Gavin.
241:, partnering with Microsoft
952:Siliconarts company website
436:graphics.cg.uni-saarland.de
2226:
131:physically correct effects
81:graphics processing units
1839:Video display controller
1492:Graphics processing unit
1253:93digital (2021-11-04).
992:"NVIDIA RTX™ Technology"
296:Imagination Technologies
228:Imagination Technologies
937:Reinventing Ray Tracing
642:. Mitsubishi Electric.
2210:Ray tracing (graphics)
1954:Shared graphics memory
850:Cite journal requires
736:Cite journal requires
679:Cite journal requires
319:On November 16, 2022,
189:University of Tübingen
187:by researchers at the
39:
32:Quake Wars: Ray Traced
2140:Hardware acceleration
1844:Video processing unit
876:. 22 September 2009.
291:series mid-range GPU.
207:Intel Developer Forum
91:algorithm solves the
30:
2065:Performance per watt
1834:Texture mapping unit
1783:Unified shader model
568:www.protograph.co.uk
393:predicated rendering
294:On 4 November 2021,
43:Ray-tracing hardware
2007:Integrated graphics
955:www.siliconarts.com
515:ART company website
258:Turing architecture
217:global illumination
196:Saarland University
179:and researchers at
171:Implementations of
110:are difficult; and
45:is special-purpose
2157:Parallel computing
2033:Display resolution
1814:Render output unit
1804:Geometry processor
703:2008-11-21 at the
618:2008-11-20 at the
562:2009-04-14 at the
541:1998-05-13 at the
520:1996-12-27 at the
452:2010-07-02 at the
403:HP_occlusion_query
325:Snapdragon 8 Gen 2
308:On June 28, 2022,
230:, after acquiring
40:
2205:Graphics hardware
2187:
2186:
2002:External graphics
1985:Discrete graphics
1949:Memory controller
1712:Graphics pipeline
1673:
1672:
1419:www.anandtech.com
1345:community.arm.com
793:Graphics Hardware
764:Graphics Hardware
536:ART press release
389:occlusion culling
365:) or refractions.
268:In October 2020,
249:-generation GPUs.
237:In January 2018,
177:Hanspeter Pfister
47:computer hardware
28:
2217:
2162:Vector processor
2145:Image processing
2135:Graphics library
2070:Transistor count
2012:System on a chip
1944:Memory bandwidth
1824:Stream processor
1503:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1394:www.qualcomm.com
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1370:www.qualcomm.com
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1321:news.samsung.com
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1043:Nvidia Developer
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
996:NVIDIA Developer
988:
982:
981:
979:
978:
963:
957:
949:
943:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
909:
903:
895:
889:
888:
886:
885:
866:
860:
859:
853:
848:
846:
838:
836:
835:
829:
822:
813:
807:
806:
804:
788:
782:
781:
779:
778:
772:
761:
752:
746:
745:
739:
734:
732:
724:
717:
711:
709:www.doggetts.org
695:
689:
688:
682:
677:
675:
667:
665:
664:
658:
652:. Archived from
651:
641:
632:
626:
624:www.hotchips.org
609:
603:
593:
587:
579:
570:
554:
548:
533:
527:
512:
506:
499:
493:
484:
478:
475:
469:
466:
460:
458:www.cs.uiowa.edu
444:
438:
422:
406:
401:, in OpenGL 3.0
381:
375:
372:
366:
358:
352:
349:
323:announced their
312:announced their
232:Caustic Graphics
213:Caustic Graphics
173:volume rendering
100:stream computing
87:algorithms. The
29:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2074:
2016:
1968:
1848:
1787:
1778:Tiled rendering
1669:
1618:
1589:InfiniteReality
1494:
1489:
1451:
1449:Further reading
1446:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1325:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1050:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1001:
999:
990:
989:
985:
976:
974:
965:
964:
960:
950:
946:
941:www.drdobbs.com
935:
931:
922:
920:
911:
910:
906:
901:www.caustic.com
896:
892:
883:
881:
874:www.youtube.com
868:
867:
863:
849:
839:
833:
831:
827:
820:
815:
814:
810:
790:
789:
785:
776:
774:
770:
759:
754:
753:
749:
735:
725:
719:
718:
714:
705:Wayback Machine
696:
692:
678:
668:
662:
660:
656:
639:
634:
633:
629:
620:Wayback Machine
610:
606:
594:
590:
580:
573:
564:Wayback Machine
555:
551:
543:Wayback Machine
534:
530:
522:Wayback Machine
513:
509:
500:
496:
485:
481:
476:
472:
467:
463:
454:Wayback Machine
445:
441:
423:
419:
415:
410:
409:
385:viewing frustum
382:
378:
373:
369:
359:
355:
350:
346:
341:
314:Immortalis-G715
283:Intel released
226:In August 2013
150:
148:Implementations
142:bounding volume
119:parallelization
62:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1959:Texture memory
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1685:Compute kernel
1681:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1509:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1405:
1381:
1357:
1332:
1308:
1284:
1245:
1233:Digital Trends
1220:
1208:XDA Developers
1195:
1184:Tom's Hardware
1170:
1159:VideoCardz.com
1146:
1117:
1091:
1059:
1029:
1008:
983:
958:
944:
929:
904:
890:
861:
852:|journal=
808:
802:10.1.1.72.2947
783:
747:
738:|journal=
712:
690:
681:|journal=
649:10.1.1.69.4091
627:
604:
588:
571:
549:
528:
507:
494:
479:
470:
461:
439:
416:
414:
411:
408:
407:
376:
367:
353:
343:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
328:
317:
306:
299:
292:
281:
266:
250:
235:
224:
221:
210:
203:
192:
191:with VIZARD II
169:
166:
149:
146:
61:
58:
56:calculations.
38:PCI 3.0 board.
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2222:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:Rasterisation
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:HDR rendering
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Apple silicon
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1614:Apple silicon
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1298:
1294:
1293:"Ray Tracing"
1288:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1130:anandtech.com
1127:
1121:
1118:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1019:
1012:
1009:
997:
993:
987:
984:
972:
968:
962:
959:
956:
953:
948:
945:
942:
938:
933:
930:
918:
914:
908:
905:
902:
899:
894:
891:
879:
875:
871:
865:
862:
857:
844:
830:on 2012-04-15
826:
819:
812:
809:
803:
798:
794:
787:
784:
773:on 2011-08-14
769:
765:
758:
751:
748:
743:
730:
722:
716:
713:
710:
706:
702:
699:
694:
691:
686:
673:
659:on 2011-06-16
655:
650:
645:
638:
631:
628:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
605:
601:
597:
592:
589:
586:
583:
578:
576:
572:
569:
565:
561:
558:
553:
550:
547:
544:
540:
537:
532:
529:
526:
525:www.art.co.uk
523:
519:
516:
511:
508:
505:
504:
498:
495:
492:
491:www.pcper.com
488:
483:
480:
474:
471:
465:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
443:
440:
437:
434:
430:
429:Peter Shirley
426:
421:
418:
412:
404:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
380:
377:
371:
368:
364:
357:
354:
348:
345:
338:
333:
329:
326:
322:
318:
315:
311:
307:
304:
300:
297:
293:
290:
286:
285:Arc Alchemist
282:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
211:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
158:Autodesk Maya
155:
154:
153:
147:
145:
143:
139:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
85:rasterization
83:(GPUs), used
82:
77:
75:
71:
68:" (typically
67:
59:
57:
55:
52:
49:designed for
48:
44:
37:
33:
2200:3D rendering
2167:Video coding
1768:Tessellation
1750:
1678:Architecture
1422:. Retrieved
1418:
1408:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:
1360:
1349:. Retrieved
1347:. 2022-06-28
1344:
1335:
1324:. Retrieved
1320:
1311:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:
1248:
1237:. Retrieved
1235:. 2022-10-08
1232:
1223:
1212:. Retrieved
1210:. 2022-10-12
1207:
1198:
1187:. Retrieved
1183:
1173:
1162:. Retrieved
1158:
1149:
1138:. Retrieved
1136:. 2020-09-09
1129:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:
1094:
1083:. Retrieved
1072:
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1042:
1032:
1021:. Retrieved
1011:
1000:. Retrieved
998:. 2018-03-06
995:
986:
975:. Retrieved
973:. 2013-08-01
970:
961:
954:
947:
940:
932:
921:. Retrieved
919:. 2009-04-20
916:
907:
900:
893:
882:. Retrieved
873:
864:
843:cite journal
832:. Retrieved
825:the original
811:
792:
786:
775:. Retrieved
768:the original
763:
750:
729:cite journal
715:
708:
693:
672:cite journal
661:. Retrieved
654:the original
630:
623:
607:
599:
591:
584:
582:About ArtVPS
567:
552:
545:
531:
524:
510:
502:
497:
490:
482:
473:
464:
457:
442:
435:
432:
420:
402:
396:
379:
370:
356:
347:
151:
135:
116:
97:
78:
63:
51:accelerating
42:
41:
31:
2150:Compression
2021:Performance
1973:Form factor
1865:Framebuffer
1829:Tensor unit
1819:Shader unit
1751:Ray-tracing
1690:Fabrication
1665:Intel 2700G
1599:3dfx Voodoo
1594:NEC µPD7220
1297:Imagination
1259:Imagination
1110:October 28,
1074:VentureBeat
971:ExtremeTech
363:normal maps
303:Exynos 2200
254:GeForce RTX
127:scene graph
123:ray casting
112:refractions
104:reflections
89:ray tracing
54:ray tracing
2194:Categories
2060:Frame rate
2028:Clock rate
1990:Clustering
1792:Components
1572:Radeon Pro
1424:2023-09-17
1399:2023-09-17
1375:2023-09-17
1351:2023-09-17
1326:2023-09-17
1302:2023-09-17
1264:2023-09-17
1239:2022-12-13
1214:2022-12-13
1189:2022-12-13
1164:2022-12-13
1140:2020-10-25
1085:2022-11-13
1053:2022-11-13
1023:2018-04-20
1016:Oh, Nate.
1002:2018-04-20
977:2015-10-05
923:2022-08-05
884:2021-01-06
834:2011-11-22
777:2011-11-22
663:2010-02-27
600:cscott.net
585:www.artvps
413:References
220:processor.
66:primitives
2091:Scrolling
1995:Switching
1650:VideoCore
1134:AnandTech
1105:Eurogamer
917:pcper.com
797:CiteSeerX
644:CiteSeerX
332:Apple A17
165:software.
138:BSP trees
93:rendering
70:triangles
2038:Fillrate
1717:Geometry
1577:Instinct
1433:cite web
1273:cite web
1079:Archived
1047:Archived
878:Archived
701:Archived
616:Archived
560:Archived
539:Archived
518:Archived
450:Archived
321:Qualcomm
289:RTX 3000
74:polygons
36:Xeon Phi
2118:Texture
2048:Texel/s
2043:Pixel/s
1980:IP core
1932:HBM-PIM
1799:Blitter
1773:T&L
1744:Shading
1660:Imageon
1655:Vivante
1645:PowerVR
1609:Glaze3D
1540:GeForce
1506:Desktop
243:DirectX
200:SaarCOR
108:shadows
2096:Sprite
2055:FLOP/s
1853:Memory
1722:Vertex
1705:MOSFET
1700:FinFET
1630:Adreno
1623:Mobile
1584:Matrox
1567:Radeon
1545:Quadro
1535:Nvidia
799:
646:
278:RDNA 2
265:time,.
239:Nvidia
2172:Codec
2130:GPGPU
1937:HBM3E
1922:HBM2E
1905:GDDR7
1900:GDDR6
1895:GDDR5
1890:GDDR4
1885:GDDR3
1880:GDDR2
1870:SGRAM
1555:Tegra
1550:Tesla
1513:Intel
828:(PDF)
821:(PDF)
771:(PDF)
760:(PDF)
657:(PDF)
640:(PDF)
339:Notes
247:Volta
185:FPGAs
2179:VLIW
2125:ASIC
2101:Tile
2079:Misc
1964:VRAM
1927:HBM3
1917:HBM2
1875:GDDR
1761:SIMT
1756:SIMD
1695:CMOS
1640:Mali
1439:link
1279:link
1112:2020
856:help
742:help
685:help
274:RDNA
160:and
106:and
1912:HBM
1860:DMA
1734:MAC
1562:AMD
1528:Arc
1499:GPU
391:or
310:Arm
270:AMD
262:BVH
162:Max
72:or
2196::
2113:GI
2108:3D
2086:2D
1604:S3
1523:Xe
1518:GT
1435:}}
1431:{{
1417:.
1392:.
1368:.
1343:.
1319:.
1295:.
1275:}}
1271:{{
1257:.
1231:.
1206:.
1182:.
1157:.
1132:.
1128:.
1103:.
1077:.
1071:.
1045:.
1041:.
994:.
969:.
915:.
872:.
847::
845:}}
841:{{
762:.
733::
731:}}
727:{{
676::
674:}}
670:{{
574:^
1484:e
1477:t
1470:v
1441:)
1427:.
1402:.
1378:.
1354:.
1329:.
1305:.
1281:)
1267:.
1242:.
1217:.
1192:.
1167:.
1143:.
1114:.
1088:.
1056:.
1026:.
1005:.
980:.
926:.
887:.
858:)
854:(
837:.
805:.
780:.
744:)
740:(
723:.
687:)
683:(
666:.
614:.
602:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.