93:(grandsons or nephews) Hugh and Raymond, children of Guidinilda. He would thus introduce two generations, both named Raymond, between Raymond Pons and William III. The first would be the husband of Guidinilda and the father of Hugh and Raymond, with the latter in turn being the husband of Adelaide and father of William III. Given that Garsenda referred to Hugh and Raymond only by the names of their mother, it may be that the elder of the new Raymonds had likewise died by 969. The addition of as many as three additional counts (Raymond, Hugh and Raymond) would displace the numbering of all subsequent counts named Raymond.
80:. Her husband, the 'Prince of Gothia', had previously gone unrecognized or had been dismissed as inaccurate, but given the historical association of this title with the County of Toulouse, the identification of William's mother with Adelaide of Anjou is now accepted. This means that William's father was a previously unrecognized Count Raymond of Toulouse, but his relationship to the previous documented count, Raymond Pons, remains a matter of debate, with several competing theories being proposed.
870:
Given the lack of consensus over these possible reconstructions, the name
Raymond III, originally referring to Raymond Pons, is now ambiguous. It can still refer to Raymond Pons, to a hypothesized son who married successively Guidinilda and Adelaide of Anjou, to a hypothesized son who was husband of
67:
which explicitly named
William's mother as the still-living 'Adelaix'. While this document shows that William was not son of Raymond Pons and Garsenda, it does little to illuminate the true relationships, and several scholars have proposed alternative solutions. These are in agreement with regard to
312:
had sons Hugh and
Raymond, but that as widower of Guidinilda he subsequently married Adelaide, having younger son but eventual heir William. The addition of just a single additional count Raymond in this reconstruction has allowed the traditional numbering to be massaged—some subsequent compilers
88:
Thierry
Stasser identified Adelaide's husband with the last-named family member appearing in the Roda pedigree, the brother of Hugh, both sons of an earlier Raymond and grandsons of Raymond Pons and Garsenda. This Stasser harmonized with the will of Garsenda, in which she names her
871:
Guidinilda and father-in-law of
Adelaide, or to Raymond II, Count of Rouergue. No consensus has arisen regarding these alternative reconstructions, nor on how previous hypotheses identifying possible siblings of William III fit into these new rearranged pedigrees.
47:, who appears along with his wife Emma in the early 11th century. This reconstruction was not without problems. Not only was the chronology of this single generation long, but it is at odds with a surviving apparently-contemporary pedigree found in the
510:, the nephew of Raymond Pons and his heir-male were he to die without sons. He suggests that Raymond of Rouergue may have succeeded his uncle as Count of Toulouse, and that the husband of Adelaide was son of this count, a like-named half-brother to
51:. The surviving manuscript of this collection of genealogies is of a later date, but is thought to derive from a 10th-century original. In its account of the counts of Toulouse, it shows Garsenda, daughter of Duke
55:, to have married (Raymond) Pons, having by him one son, Raymond, who in turn is given children Hugh and Raymond. William (III) is not mentioned. Likewise, the will of Garsenda fails to name William.
308:
Martin de
Framond suggested two alternatives, the first of which introduced just one intervening generation. He suggests that Raymond Pons and Garsenda were succeeded by a son Raymond, who as in the
313:
have used the byname to distinguish
Raymond Pons, and then referred to the subsequent novel count as Raymond III, without changing the traditional numbering of subsequent counts of that name.
23:
in the mid-to-late 10th century. Recent scholarship has overturned the traditional account of the counts during this period without consensus arising for a new reconstruction.
502:
In his second reconstruction, Martin de
Framond placed more weight on the will of Garsenda, which could be read as implying that she left no children. He suggests that the
52:
579:
338:
108:
853:
481:
287:
44:
911:
43:, appears, acting alone. It was thought that she then acted as guardian for Raymond's successor and (supposed) son,
63:
This consensus reconstruction was shown to be flawed by the discovery of a 992 charter of
William III and his wife
757:
511:
77:
880:
Martin de
Framond, "La succession des comtes de Toulouse autour de l'an mil (940-1030): reconsiderations",
649:
507:
40:
593:
894:
Thierry Stasser, "Adélaïde d'Anjou, sa famille, ses unions, sa descendance - Etat de las question",
20:
39:
before 926, and who is last seen in 944, apparently being dead by 969. In that year his widow,
770:
402:
224:
73:
69:
48:
36:
64:
905:
32:
72:, who as the widow of the deceased Raymond of Gothia, married first King
31:
Until recently, Raymond III was the numerical designation assigned
520:
Second Framond reconstruction of 10th-century Toulouse counts
319:
First Framond reconstruction of 10th-century Toulouse counts
19:
is the designation assigned to distinct or possibly-distinct
68:
the identity of William's mother. She is identified with
99:
Stasser reconstruction of 10th-century Toulouse counts
35:, who seems to have succeeded his father as the
8:
516:
315:
95:
891:(Prosopographia et Genealogica 5, 2004)
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
826:
824:
822:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
785:
783:
778:
769:
767:
765:
763:
756:
754:
752:
718:
698:
696:
694:
678:
676:
674:
659:
648:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
627:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
592:
590:
587:
578:
552:
528:
480:
478:
475:
473:
471:
468:
448:
442:
440:
438:
420:
401:
394:
389:
387:
385:
383:
377:
371:
369:
367:
365:
363:
361:
359:
357:
346:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
274:
272:
270:
264:
262:
260:
254:
252:
250:
248:
246:
244:
242:
240:
238:
223:
216:
214:
209:
207:
205:
187:
169:
167:
165:
154:
147:
145:
143:
137:
131:
129:
127:
116:
107:
7:
506:Hugh and Raymond were children of
14:
889:La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien
1:
508:Raymond II, Count of Rouergue
53:GarcĂa II Sánchez of Gascony
928:
27:Traditional reconstruction
820:
818:
776:
746:
744:
742:
736:
734:
730:
728:
726:
716:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
692:
688:
686:
684:
657:
646:
625:
623:
601:
585:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
550:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
462:
460:
458:
456:
446:
444:
436:
432:
430:
428:
426:
399:
392:
375:
373:
344:
258:
256:
221:
199:
197:
195:
185:
181:
175:
152:
135:
133:
114:
512:Raymond III of Rouergue
78:William III of Provence
887:Christian Settipani,
212:(?) Count of Toulouse
884:105 (1993): 461-488.
912:Counts of Toulouse
21:counts of Toulouse
867:
866:
863:
862:
856:Count of Toulouse
781:Count of Toulouse
760:Count of Rouergue
652:Count of Rouergue
596:Count of Rouergue
582:Count of Toulouse
495:
494:
491:
490:
484:Count of Toulouse
397:Count of Toulouse
341:Count of Toulouse
301:
300:
297:
296:
290:Count of Toulouse
219:Count of Toulouse
150:Count of Toulouse
111:Count of Toulouse
74:Louis V of France
70:Adelaide of Anjou
37:count of Toulouse
919:
898:103 (1997): 9-52
650:Raymond II/(III)
526:
525:
517:
498:Reconstruction 3
325:
324:
316:
304:Reconstruction 2
105:
104:
96:
84:Reconstruction 1
927:
926:
922:
921:
920:
918:
917:
916:
902:
901:
882:Annales du Midi
877:
869:
855:
780:
772:
759:
653:
651:
643:
595:
581:
500:
483:
404:
396:
340:
306:
289:
226:
218:
211:
149:
110:
86:
76:and then Count
61:
29:
12:
11:
5:
925:
923:
915:
914:
904:
903:
900:
899:
892:
885:
876:
873:
865:
864:
861:
859:
858:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
788:
787:
784:
782:
777:
775:
768:
766:
764:
762:
755:
753:
750:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
672:
671:
669:
667:
665:
662:
661:
658:
656:
647:
645:
640:
638:
636:
634:
631:
629:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
591:
589:
586:
584:
576:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
554:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
522:
521:
499:
496:
493:
492:
489:
487:
486:
479:
477:
474:
472:
470:
466:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
450:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
418:
417:
415:
413:
411:
408:
407:
400:
398:
393:
391:
388:
386:
384:
381:
379:
378:
376:
374:
372:
370:
368:
366:
364:
362:
360:
358:
355:
354:
352:
349:
348:
345:
343:
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
321:
320:
310:Codice de Roda
305:
302:
299:
298:
295:
293:
292:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:
263:
261:
259:
257:
255:
253:
251:
249:
247:
245:
243:
241:
239:
236:
235:
233:
230:
229:
222:
220:
215:
213:
208:
206:
203:
202:
200:
198:
196:
194:
192:
189:
188:
186:
184:
182:
180:
178:
176:
174:
172:
170:
168:
166:
163:
162:
160:
157:
156:
153:
151:
146:
144:
141:
139:
138:
136:
134:
132:
130:
128:
125:
124:
122:
119:
118:
115:
113:
101:
100:
85:
82:
60:
57:
49:CĂłdice de Roda
28:
25:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
924:
913:
910:
909:
907:
897:
893:
890:
886:
883:
879:
878:
874:
872:
860:
857:
831:
829:
795:
792:
790:
789:
774:
761:
751:
748:
740:
738:
732:
724:
722:
721:
714:
702:
700:
690:
682:
680:
673:
670:
668:
666:
664:
663:
655:
632:
630:
604:
600:
597:
583:
577:
574:
558:
556:
555:
548:
532:
530:
527:
524:
523:
519:
518:
515:
513:
509:
505:
497:
488:
485:
467:
464:
454:
452:
451:
434:
424:
422:
419:
416:
414:
412:
410:
409:
406:
395:Raymond (III)
382:
380:
356:
353:
351:
350:
342:
326:
323:
322:
318:
317:
314:
311:
303:
294:
291:
269:
267:
237:
234:
232:
231:
228:
204:
201:
193:
191:
190:
183:
179:
177:
173:
171:
164:
161:
159:
158:
148:Raymond (III)
142:
140:
126:
123:
121:
120:
112:
106:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
92:
83:
81:
79:
75:
71:
66:
58:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
26:
24:
22:
18:
896:Le Moyen Age
895:
888:
881:
868:
779:Raymond (IV)
654:and Toulouse
580:Raymond Pons
503:
501:
339:Raymond Pons
309:
307:
217:Raymond (IV)
109:Raymond Pons
90:
87:
62:
59:Reevaluation
33:Raymond Pons
30:
16:
15:
854:William III
758:Raymond III
660:Guidinildis
482:William III
390:Guidinildis
288:William III
155:Guidinildis
45:William III
17:Raymond III
644:of Tuscany
906:Category
773:of Anjou
771:Adelaide
594:Ermengol
588:Garsenda
405:of Anjou
403:Adelaide
347:Garsenda
227:of Anjou
225:Adelaide
117:Garsenda
41:Garsenda
875:Sources
504:nepotes
469:Raymond
91:nepotes
642:Bertha
786:Hugh
476:Hugh
210:Hugh
65:Emma
908::
514:.
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