439:. The death of Trooper Lamonaco lead to several years of Levasseur, Gros, Manning, and other UFF associates living "on the run" from the FBI and state law enforcement agencies. A series of accidental "run-in's" occurred in 1982, and after each, the group would immediately abandon their current living situation, move, and take on new fake identities. Each move required further bank robberies to replace belongings abandoned after prior moves. Intermittently, Levasseur and the UFF conducted bombings targeted at corporations and institutions supporting the
29:
195:"My grandparents went to work in the textile mills at 13 and 14. My mother and father went into those mills at 16. My turn came at 17, when I misrepresented my age to a mill boss in order to work on a machine making shoe heels. From the earliest years I'd watched my family and predominantly French Canadian neighbors enter and leave the mills. Now I followed them into an exceedingly unpleasant experience."
463:(HRT) arrested Levasseur, 38, and Gros, 30, after their van was halted in Deerfield, Ohio. According to the special agents, Levasseur kicked an agent but otherwise surrendered without a struggle. A 9-millimeter pistol was found in the van, and the couple's three children (4, 6, and 8 at the time), who were in the van, were turned over to juvenile authorities.
474:
by Attack
International in 1989. In it, he states: "I freely admit to being part of a revolutionary movement. The government cannot tolerate serious opposition to its own criminal policies, so they do what the prosecution are trying to do here. They want to criminalize my life, my values, and the
364:. Drawing inspiration from the Black Panthers and Malcolm X, he recognized the importance of prisoners to social justice movements, and in 1972, Levasseur helped form the Statewide Correctional Alliance for Reform (SCAR), a
209:
in 1992 called "My Blood Is
Quebecois," Levaussuer recalls how, to him, " French and class identity were inseparable," and "the roots of my political vision and militancy extend deep into life as a French Canadian worker."
434:
In 1983, it is believed by
Levasseur that UFF associate Richard Williams shot and killed New Jersey State trooper Philip J. Lamonaco during a traffic stop. Tom Manning later claimed he fired the gun that killed Lamonaco in
518:. The facility was "notorious as a ... place used, as one of its administrators wrote, to "control revolutionary attitudes in the prison system and society at large." While there, Levasseur refused to work for the
621:
818:
939:
145:
280:
1224:
650:
368:. It is while working with these activist groups in Maine that Levasseur met his future wife, Pat Gros, as well as Tom Manning and his wife, Carol. Becoming convinced of the need for
1259:
492:
958:
1254:
560:
in
November 2004, having served nearly half of his 45-year sentence. He returned to Maine after his release, where he lives. He continues to speak out in support of
929:
1113:
638:
349:, and was frequently targeted by prison staff in retaliation for his engaging in political activity with Black prisoners, including for participating in a 1970
1061:
United States of
America v. Ramond Levasseur, Carol Ann Manning, Thomas William Manning, Barbara Curzi-Laaman, Richard Charles Williams, Jaan Karl Laaman
761:
444:
423:
From 1980 to 1981, Levasseur and
Manning were not active, settling into a more stable lifestyle. In 1981, Levasseur and Gros move to a farmhouse outside
1065:
1239:
1219:
542:
588:
561:
240:
he'd experienced growing up. He began to feel strong opposition to fighting against the
Vietnamese, whom he felt were struggling for their right to
412:
later the same year. From 1975 to 1984, the UFF carried out tens of bank robberies in the northeast United States, using the funds to support UFF
172:. Growing up, he experienced both poverty and bigotry, being called "frog," "papist," "lazy" and "stupid"—ethnic slurs and stereotypes targeting
297:. Levasseur was given the maximum penalty of five years in prison. He was sent to the Tennessee State Penitentiary, where he spent two years in
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organization that conducted a series of bombings and bank robberies throughout the United States from 1976 to 1984, in protest to
1234:
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954:
869:
459:
office formed the Bos-Luc Joint
Terrorist Task Force in pursuit of the members of the UFF. On November 4, 1984, members of the
456:
1244:
914:
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549:, where he was finally released from solitary confinement. Soon afterwards, he began to publish his writings on the website
982:
39:
844:
986:
651:"'I Took Those Deaths Personally': Ray Luc Levasseur On Vietnam, Prison, Principles and Anti-Imperialist Resistance,"
796:
28:
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527:
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765:
431:, and Kazi Toure. With the new members, the UFF resumed bank robberies to support their bombing operations.
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405:
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188:
1141:"Convicted terrorist Raymond Luc Levasseur denied permission by parole commission to travel to Amherst"
373:
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801:
Days Of Rage: America's
Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence
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466:
Levasseur's trial statement, delivered on
January 10th, 1989, at the United States Courthouse in
413:
256:
241:
225:
1084:
The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Dissent in the United States
736:
Imprisoned Intellectuals: America's political prisoners write on life, liberation, and rebellion
416:
and later, to support themselves as fugitives. From 1975 to 1979, Levasseur and Manning robbed
1092:
1040:
808:
740:
930:"Domestic terrorist convicted in murder of N.J. State Trooper Philip Lamonaco dies in prison"
625:
487:
in 1989 and sentenced. In 1987 Levasseur and all seven members of the UFF were charged with
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165:
236:
him as the treatment and ridicule of the Vietnamese people and culture reminded him of the
1088:
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601:
377:
338:
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906:
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341:, as well as literature and poetry. Levasseur became inspired by the activities of the
314:
294:
233:
1114:"'This Draconian System of Punishment and Abuse': An Interview with Ray Luc Levasseur"
639:"'This Draconian System of Punishment and Abuse': An Interview with Ray Luc Levasseur"
1188:
990:
541:. Between USP Marion and ADX Florence, Levausseur spent a total of fifteen years in
350:
534:
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living under fake identities. Levasseur recruited new members Richard Williams,
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After his release in 1971, Levasseur moved back to Maine, where he attended the
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Levasseur was sentenced to 45 years in prison, and was sent immediately to the
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In 1969, Levasseur was arrested for attempting to sell six dollars' worth of
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510:(sometimes called a "segregation unit" for solitary confinement) of the
381:
232:
two years later, for a 12-month tour of duty. This experience began to
141:
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557:
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263:, where he began attending college. There, he began working with the
248:
in his unit, Levasseur developed a personal political analysis about
214:
169:
797:"The Last Revolutionaries: The United Freedom Front, 1981 to 1984"
728:
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161:
1068: (United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit 1987).
483:
Levasseur and six of his comrades were eventually convicted of
1008:"Until All Are Free: The Trial Statement of Ray Luc Levasseur"
665:(2015), documentary, dir. Pierre Marrier, Quebec, 99 minutes.
372:, this group split from SCAR, and in August 1974, opened the
1036:
Until All Are Free: The Trial Statement Of Ray Luc Levasseur
618:
Until All Are Free: The Trial Statement of Ray Luc Levasseur
472:
Until All Are Free: The Trial Statement of Ray Luc Levasseur
989:
Special Collections and University Archives. Archived from
889:"Case-Study of US Domestic Terrorism: United Freedom Front"
187:
Levausseur, his parents, and grandparents all worked in
907:"In Memoriam - 1980's - Trooper II Philip J. Lamonaco"
420:
armored trucks to support intermittent UFF bombings.
977:
975:
136:(born October 10, 1946) is the former leader of the
16:
American militant and political prisoner (born 1946)
475:organizations that they allege I've been part of."
123:
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92:
84:
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68:
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50:
45:
38:
21:
1167:An American: A Portrait of Raymond Luc Levasseur
787:
785:
783:
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779:
777:
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384:in the evenings, while being subject to intense
1225:United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
983:"Raymond Luc Levasseur Trial transcripts, 1989"
193:
739:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 227–229.
408:, and Carol Manning, which renamed itself the
8:
870:"Raymond Luc Levasseur Papers - Finding Aid"
687:"FBI Wanted Poster of Raymond Luc Levasseur"
380:, "selling radical literature and running a
255:After returning from Vietnam, Levasseur was
244:. In discussions and reading with a British
1260:Members of American political organizations
681:
679:
620:published by Attack International in 1989,
662:An American: Portrait of Ray Luc Levasseur
27:
18:
1255:Political prisoners in the United States
955:"Manning testified, claims self-defense"
589:Political prisoners in the United States
760:Wormwood, Rick (December 17–23, 2004).
675:
556:Levasseur was released from prison on
148:and around the world, racism, and the
1002:
1000:
265:Southern Student Organizing Committee
7:
864:
862:
860:
858:
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545:. In 1999 he was transferred to the
470:, was published in book form titled
445:US foreign policy in Central America
404:Unit with Pat Gros (now Rowbottom),
843:Levasseur, Raymond Luc (May 1992).
606:University of Massachusetts Amherst
224:In 1965, Levasseur enlisted in the
693:. January 28, 1977. Archived from
655:Millennials Are Killing Capitalism
564:and against solitary confinement.
146:US intervention in Central America
14:
396:In 1975 Levasseur co-founded the
160:Levausseur was born in southwest
1240:People convicted of racketeering
1220:American prisoners and detainees
1039:. London: Attack International.
942:from the original on 2023-05-25.
917:from the original on 2023-05-25.
895:from the original on 2012-08-05.
874:Franco American Digital Archives
821:from the original on 2023-05-25.
614:by Ray Luc Levausseur, May 1992.
213:At 18, Levausser left Maine for
961:from the original on 2022-02-15
1139:Lederman, Diane (2009-11-12).
957:. United Press International.
533:In 1994 he was transferred to
441:South African apartheid regime
366:prisoners'-rights organization
174:his French-Canadian background
1:
1195:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
928:Gray, Matt (August 1, 2019).
657:(podcast), September 5, 2021.
347:Front de Libération du Québec
200:"My Blood Is Quebecois," 1992
602:Raymond Luc Levasseur Papers
376:Red Star North Bookstore in
267:(SSOC), organizing with the
40:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive
1230:United States Army soldiers
1112:Stahl, Aviva (2013-11-27).
1033:Levasseur, Ray Luc (1989).
987:University of Massachusetts
479:Conviction and imprisonment
217:, where he found work as a
1276:
1215:People from Sanford, Maine
1081:; Jim Vander Wall (2002).
528:U.S. Department of Defense
526:producing weapons for the
468:Springfield, Massachusetts
388:and threats of violence."
353:to protest spoiled food.
301:. There he began studying
495:. The trial ended in an
303:revolutionary nationalism
205:In an essay written from
127:
116:
108:
72:45 years (sentenced 1989)
26:
805:Penguin Publishing Group
1235:Inmates of ADX Florence
1164:Marier, Pierre (2015).
845:"My Blood Is Quebecois"
630:the full text available
612:"My Blood Is Quebecois"
309:, reading the works of
168:immigrant parents from
150:South African apartheid
584:George Jackson Brigade
547:Atlanta Federal Prison
499:on most charges and a
491:and violations of the
203:
1245:American bank robbers
360:, began working as a
134:Raymond Luc Levasseur
80:Paroled November 2004
33:Photograph taken 1975
22:Raymond Luc Levasseur
953:Paul Basken (1986).
647:, November 27, 2013.
574:United Freedom Front
543:solitary confinement
489:seditious conspiracy
455:In 1983, the Boston
410:United Freedom Front
392:United Freedom Front
299:solitary confinement
257:honorably discharged
138:United Freedom Front
1066:816 F.2d 37
911:State of New Jersey
733:James, Joy (2003).
641:by Aviva Stahl, on
562:political prisoners
461:Hostage Rescue Team
425:Cambridge, New York
386:police surveillance
382:Marxist study group
358:University of Maine
343:Black Panther Party
182:Catholic upbringing
1177:– via Vimeo.
551:Letters from Exile
414:bombing activities
242:self-determination
228:, and was sent to
226:United States Army
1210:American Marxists
1098:978-0-89608-648-7
887:Phillip Jenkins.
746:978-0-7425-2027-1
131:
130:
1267:
1250:Bombers (people)
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1170:. Quebec, Canada
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764:. Archived from
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697:on June 17, 2024
683:
626:Internet Archive
451:Arrest and trial
402:Jonathan Jackson
374:radical bookshop
201:
96:November 4, 1984
54:October 10, 1946
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1091:. p. 416.
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793:Burrough, Bryan
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762:"SanfordĂs son"
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370:militant action
281:against the war
259:, and moved to
238:white supremacy
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178:French language
166:French-Canadian
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57:Portland, Maine
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1119:Solitary Watch
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996:
993:on 2013-04-09.
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768:on 2008-12-04.
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644:Solitary Watch
636:
615:
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595:External Links
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503:on the rest.
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295:police officer
273:labor movement
269:student rights
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1172:. Retrieved
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1123:. Retrieved
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1017:. Retrieved
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991:the original
963:. Retrieved
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800:
766:the original
755:
735:
699:. Retrieved
695:the original
690:
660:
654:
642:
617:
555:
550:
535:ADX Florence
532:
522:corporation
520:prison labor
508:Control Unit
505:
482:
471:
465:
454:
437:self defense
433:
422:
398:Sam Melville
395:
355:
285:
277:civil rights
254:
223:
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204:
194:
186:
159:
133:
132:
117:
1200:1946 births
1046:09514261-25
429:Jaan Laaman
406:Tom Manning
323:Ho Chi Minh
250:imperialism
88:May 5, 1977
46:Description
1189:Categories
1174:2024-08-24
1150:2023-01-14
1125:2024-08-24
1019:2024-08-24
1013:Libcom.org
965:2022-02-15
670:References
634:Libcom.org
579:COINTELPRO
516:USP Marion
485:conspiracy
292:undercover
234:radicalize
219:dockworker
156:Early life
622:digitized
501:hung jury
497:acquittal
307:socialism
288:marijuana
261:Tennessee
252:and war.
246:anarchist
1145:masslive
959:Archived
940:Archived
915:Archived
893:Archived
819:Archived
795:(2016).
608:library.
568:See also
539:Colorado
514:prison,
512:supermax
493:RICO act
378:Portland
345:and the
331:Malcom X
198:—
152:regime.
118:Captured
701:17 June
628:, with
624:on the
604:at the
418:Brink's
339:Bakunin
230:Vietnam
142:Marxist
69:Penalty
1095:
1064:,
1043:
935:NJ.com
811:
743:
691:Hake's
558:parole
524:UNICOR
337:, and
290:to an
279:, and
275:, for
215:Boston
180:, and
170:Quebec
162:Maine,
101:Number
93:Caught
77:Status
64:Status
59:, U.S.
335:Fanon
315:Lenin
85:Added
1093:ISBN
1041:ISBN
809:ISBN
741:ISBN
703:2024
600:The
443:and
311:Marx
305:and
271:and
51:Born
653:on
632:on
553:.
537:in
457:FBI
327:Che
319:Mao
184:.
164:to
104:350
1191::
1143:.
1116:.
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