Ramon Llull - Knowledge (XXG)

1047: 904:, written in Catalan the 1270s and later translated into Latin. It is framed as a meeting of three wise men (a Muslim, a Jew, and a Christian) and a Gentile in the woods. They learn about the Lullian method when they encounter a set of trees with leaves inscribed with Lullian principles. Lady Intelligence appears and informs them of the properties of the trees and the rules for implementing the leaves. The wise men use the trees to prove their respective Articles of Faith to the Gentile (although some of the Islamic tenets cannot be proved with the Lullian procedure) and in the end the Gentile is converted to Christianity. Llull also composed many other dialogues. Later in his career when he became concerned with heretical activity in the Arts Faculty of the University of Paris, he wrote "disputations" with philosophers as interlocutors. He also created a character for himself and he stars in many of these dialogues as the Christian wise man (for instance: 943: 72: 1262:, Archbishop of Toledo, had taken up Lullism for his project of reform. Cisneros mobilized various intellectuals and editors, founding chairs at universities and publishing Llull's works. Founded in 1633, the Pontifical College of La Sapiencia on Majorca became the epicenter for teaching Lullism. The Franciscans from La Sapiencia were the ones to seek Llull's canonization at Rome in the seventeenth century. These efforts were renewed in the eighteenth century, but never succeeded. Llull was 3052: 452: 6398: 6404: 4875: 6410: 7067: 6275: 557:, and other places, never to come back to his family and profession. When he returned to Majorca he purchased a Muslim slave in order to learn Arabic from him. For the next nine years, until 1274, he engaged in study and contemplation in relative solitude. He read extensively in both Latin and Arabic, learning both Christian and Muslim theological and philosophical thought. 1163:

thought that the oldest and most important texts were forgeries from the late 14th and early 15th centuries, with later additions. At the end of the 20th century, Professor Michela Pereira revealed an earlier textual matrix, dated around 1332, which has no pseudepigraphic intent in its genesis. It is an original production by an unknown personage, whom Pereira calls

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Raimundus-Lullus-Institut was founded in Freiburg, Germany to begin the work of editing Llull's Latin works. This series is called the Raimundi Lulli Opera Latina (ROL) and is still ongoing. In 1990 the work on the Catalan texts was restarted with the Nova Edició de les Obres de Ramon Llull (NEORL). In the world of English-language scholarship the work of

806:. The doctrine of correlatives stipulates that everything, at the level of being, has a threefold structure: agent, patient, act. For example, the divine principle "goodness" consists of "that which does good" (agent), "that which receives good" (patient), and "to do good" (act). Llull developed a system of Latin suffixes to express the correlatives, i.e. 169: 934:(1295-6) comprises sixteen trees ranging from earthly and moral to divine and pedagogical. Each tree is divided into seven parts (roots, trunk, branches, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits). The roots always consist of the Lullian divine principles and from there the tree grows into the differentiated aspects of its respective category of reality. 7079: 646: 1250:. Ramon de Térmens himself was the author of several early versions or strata of this work from 1330-1332. However, the best known format, since it was the only one printed until now, is a pseudepigraphic recension dated around 1360-1380 and produced in a Catalan milieu, where some forgers endorsed the work to Ramon Llull. 744:

then lists combinations of letters as a sort of visual aid for the process of working through every possible combination of principles. Figure S displays the Augustinian powers of the soul (will, intellect, and memory) and their acts (willing, understanding, remembering). Figure S was eliminated from

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Ramon, while still a young man and Seneschal to the King of Majorca, was very given to composing worthless songs and poems and to doing other licentious things. One night he was sitting beside his bed, about to compose and write in his vulgar tongue a song to a lady whom he loved with a foolish love;

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His contribution completely changed the way of analysing this germinal group of treatises, since for the first time it was revealed to us with concrete data that we were not dealing with conscious forgeries, but with original works, which transmit the ideas, the personality and the biographical data

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to have only four main figures. He reduced the number of divine principles in the first figure to nine (goodness, greatness, eternity, power, wisdom, will, virtue, truth, glory). Figure T also now has nine relational principles (difference, concordance, contrariety, beginning, middle, end, majority,

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has twelve main figures. A set of sixteen principles, or 'dignities' (divine attributes) comprise the general foundation for the system's operation. These are contained in the first figure (Figure A) and assigned letters (B through R). The rest of the figures enable the user to take these principles

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His last work is dated December 1315 in Tunis. The circumstances of his death remain unknown. He probably died sometime between then and March 1316, either in Tunis, on the ship on the return voyage, or in Majorca upon his return. Llull's tomb, created in 1448, is in the Franciscan church in Palma,

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Llull is now recognized by scholars as significant in both the history of Catalan literature as well as intellectual history. From 1906 to 1950 the Comissió Editora Lul·liana led a project to edit Llull's works written in Catalan. This series was called the Obres de Ramon Llull (ORL). In 1957 the

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formulates these statements as questions and answers (e.g., Q: Is there a Trinity in God? A: Yes.). It works cumulatively through an iterative process; statements about God's nature must be proved for each of His essential attributes in order to prove the statement true for God (i.e., Goodness is

1235:. These types of people usually occupied administrative, mercantile jurisdiction, diplomatic or public order posts. He also had a knowledge of medicine, especially related to surgery, having trained in Montpellier. His activity is documented on the island of Corfu and in Albanian towns. He was a 986:

in which Felix, the main character, begins on a journey at the instigation of his father who has written the "Book of Wonders". The book is divided into ten chapters (echoing the encyclopedic range of the Tree of Science) as Felix gains knowledge: God, angels, heavens, elements, plans, minerals,

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About 1291 he went to Tunis, preached to the Saracens, disputed with them in philosophy, and after another brief sojourn in Paris, returned to the East as a missionary. Llull travelled to Tunis a second time in about 1304, and wrote numerous letters to the king of Tunis, but little else is known

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Numerous alchemical works have been attributed to Llull, but all of them are apocryphal. Since the 19th century, historical criticism has been well established as to the pseudepigraphic nature of the entire corpus, which in total exceeds one hundred works. Until the 1980s, historians of science

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Anthony Bonner, "The structure of the Arbor scientiae". Arbor Scientiae: der Baum des Wissens von Ramon Lull. Akten des Internationalen Kongresses aus Anlass des 40-jährigen Jubiläums des Raimundus-Lullus-Instituts der Universität Freiburg i. Br., ed. Fernando Domínguez Reboiras, Pere Villalba

668:, indicating that the caliph wished to convert to Christianity. Whereas Llull had been met with difficulties during his previous visits to North Africa, he was allowed to operate this time without interference from the authorities due to the improved relations between Tunis and Aragon. 1096:

published eight of Llull's books in 1499, 1505, and 1516. Lefèvre was therefore responsible for the first significant circulation of Llull's work in print outside of Catalonia. It is thought that the influence of Lullian works in Renaissance Italy (coinciding with the rise of

699:) is at the center of his thought and undergirds his entire corpus. It is a system of universal logic based on a set of general principles activated in a combinatorial process. It can be used to prove statements about God and Creation (e.g., God is a Trinity). Often the 1101:) contributed to a development in metaphysics, from a static Artistotelian notion of being to reality as a dynamic process. In Northern and Central Europe Lullism was adopted by Lutherans and Calvinists interested in promoting programs of theological humanism. 718:

s trajectory can be divided into two main phases, although each phase contains numerous variations. The first is sometimes called the Quaternary Phase (1274 - 1290) and the second the Ternary Phase (1290 - 1308). This terminology was coined by Anthony Bonner.

822:. This became the basis for proving that the divine principles are distinct yet equivalent in God (each principle has the same underlying threefold structure, yet retains its own unique correlatives). This supports the combinatorial operation of the 2805:

Sales, Ton (2011). “Llull as Computer Scientist, or Why Llull Was One of Us.” In Ramon Llull. From the Ars Magna to Artificial Intelligence, edited by Alexander Fido and Carles Sierra. Barcelona: Artificial Intelligence Research Institute,

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He returned in 1308, reporting that the conversion of Muslims should be achieved through prayer, not through military force. He finally achieved his goal of linguistic education at major universities in 1311 when the

898:. Llull conceived it as an instrument to convert all peoples of the world to Christianity and experimented with more popular genres to make it easier to understand. His earliest and most well known dialogue is the 1046: 2608:

M. Pereira, (1989), The alchemical corpus attributed to Raymond Lull, Warburg Institute, London. Pereira's inventory is currently maintained and expanded by the Base de Dades Ramon Llull project (Llull DB):

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Lohr, Charles (1988). “Metaphysics.” In The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, edited by C. B. Schmitt, Quentin Skinner, Eckhard Kessler, and Jill Kraye, 537–638. Cambridge: Cambridge University

757:. This differentiates Llull's system from Aristotelian logic. Because classical logic did not take the powers of the soul into account it was ill-equipped to handle theological issues, in Llull's view. 1031:

was never adopted by mainstream academia of the thirteenth and early-fourteenth centuries, but it did accrue quite a bit of interest. A significant number of Lullian manuscripts were collected by the

598:, kings, and princes, trying to establish special colleges to prepare future missionaries. In 1276 a language school for Franciscan missionaries was founded at Miramar, funded by the King of Majorca. 1092:. He collected many works by Llull and adapted many aspects of Lullian thought for his own mystical theology. There was also growing interest in Lullism in Catalonia, Italy, and France. 7254: 7249: 740:

and elaborate to demonstrate the truth of statements. Figure T is important because it contains "relational principles"(i.e. minority, majority, equality), also assigned letters. The

491:. Llull was born there a few years later, in 1232 or 1233. Muslims still constituted a large part of the population of Majorca and Jews were present in cultural and economic affairs. 4911: 7134: 6312: 4037: 2218: 798:

Llull introduced an aspect of the system called the "correlatives" just before the final transition to the Ternary Phase. The correlatives first appear in a work called the

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Although his work did not enjoy huge success during his lifetime, he has had a rich and continuing reception. In the early modern period his name became associated with

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in Berat and Vlorë, and he did representative work for Robert I of Naples and Philip I of Taranto in commercial operation throughout the Adriatic and Ionian Seas.

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Pereira, Michela (1990). "Lullian Alchemy: Aspects and Problems of the corpus of Alchemical Works Attributed to Ramon Llull." Catalan Review, Vol. IV, 1-2: 41-54.

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Ramis Barceló, Rafael (2019). "Academic Lullism from the Fourteenth to the Eighteenth Century," in A Companion to Ramon Llull and Lullism. Leiden: Brill, p. 458.

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Ramis Barceló, R. (2018). "Chapter 12 Academic Lullism from the Fourteenth to the Eighteenth Century". In A Companion to Ramon Llull and Lullism. Leiden: Brill.

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in the Muslim tradition. Llull's familiarity with the Islamic intellectual tradition is evidenced by the fact that his first work (1271-2) was a compendium of

505:, with whom he had two children, Domènec and Magdalena. Although he formed a family, he lived what he would later call the licentious and worldly life of a 4982: 594:

Llull urged the study of Arabic and other languages in Europe, in order to convert Muslims and schismatic Christians. He travelled through Europe to meet

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The vision came to Llull five times in all and inspired in him three intentions: to give up his soul for the sake of God's love and honor, to convert the

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was not received well at the University of Paris when he first presented it there in the 1280s. This experience supposedly is what led him to revise the

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Llull called for the expulsion of Jews who were unwilling to convert to Christianity, and influenced later European monarchs to expel Jews in practice.

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Rubí, L. B. (2018). " Lullism among French and Spanish Humanists of the Early 16th Century". In A Companion to Ramon Llull and Lullism. Leiden: Brill.

980:(1287-9) is also notable, although it was not widely circulated during his lifetime and was only available in Catalan. It is formulated as a sort of 7234: 7114: 6305: 1039:

Library. One disciple, Thomas Le Myésier, went so far as to create elaborate compilations of Llull's works, including a manuscript dedicated to the

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In 1257 he married Blanca Picany, who belonged to another Catalan family settled in Majorca, with whom he had two children, Domènec and Magdalena.

991:, as Felix's journey ends at a monastery where he relates the "Book of Wonders" now embellished and fused with the account of his own adventures. 2899:; as well as Bonner's "Historical Background and Life" at 1–44, "Llull's Thought" at 45–56, "Llull's Influence: The History of Lullism" at 57–71. 850:(the active and passive correlatives are equivalent to matter and form, and the trinitarian unfolding of being occurs on all levels of reality). 874:, a device used by medieval Arab astrologers. The Art's reliance on divine attributes also has a certain similarity to the contemplation of the 846:(each divine principle has the three correlatives and together the principles comprise the Godhead, therefore the Godhead is threefold) and the 7244: 7239: 7139: 2842: 7194: 7179: 7174: 4897: 2914: 2186: 2110: 2083: 1890: 1804: 1766: 707:

What sets Llull's system apart is its unusual use of letters and diagrams, giving it an algebraic or algorithmic character. He developed the

3748: 1436:, edited and translated by Anthony Bonner, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press 1985, two volumes XXXI + 1330 pp. (Contents: vol. 1: 7229: 7224: 7204: 1526: 1490: 658: 6637: 1897:

Die pädagogisch-katechetische Abhandlung entstand 1274 bis 1276 vermutlich auf Mallorca. Das Werk, das Llull seinem Sohn Domènec widmete,

2047: 6298: 4478: 4431: 3072: 1430:, text and translation of Llull's 'Rethorica Nova', edited and translated by Mark D. Johnston, Davis, California: Hermagoras Press, 1994 380:, conceived as a type of universal logic to prove the truth of Christian doctrine to interlocutors of all faiths and nationalities. The 582:, the form of the great book Llull was to write was finally given to him through divine revelation: a complex system that he named his 4855: 4661: 1869:

Pendant cette même année 1257, il écrivit la Doctrina Pueril, son premiére grand ouvrage pédagogique, qu'il dédie à son fils, Domènec.

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Gayà, Jordi (1979). “La teoría luliana de los correlativos. Historia de su formación conceptual.” Universität Freiburg im Breisgau.

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There is a significant body of alchemical treatises falsely attributed to Llull. The two fundamental works of the corpus are the

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were inspired by these works. Despite Llull's growing identification with alchemy and Neoplatonic mysticism, others (such as

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Varneda and Peter Walter, "Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia. Subsidia Lulliana" 1 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2002), pp. 21-34.

1342:, a fictionalized account aftermath of Llull's stoning in Tunis, set aboard the Genoese ship that returned him to Mallorca. 7209: 6752: 6008: 5912: 5592: 4989: 4846: 4841: 4728: 4382: 3468: 3130: 2754: 1071:

also issued a series of polemical writings against Lullism. There was an official document issued to prohibit the Lullian

1040: 942: 930: 542:(i.e., Arabs and/or Muslims) to Christianity, and write the best book in the world against the errors of the unbelievers. 241: 199: 1398:(what today would be called a logical system to discover some sort of truth), Llull is also given credit for creating an 4967: 4327: 3202: 3120: 1098: 329: 62: 31: 5867: 1811:

Ramon contrajo matrimonio con una mujer de su misma posición -Blanca Picany- y tuvieron dos hijos, Domènec y Magdalena.

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Yates, Frances (1964). Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition. Chicago: Chicago University Press, pp. 308-309.

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Churchill, Leigh (2004). The Age of Knights & Friars, Popes & Reformers. Milton Keynes: Authentic Media.

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of a real alchemist. After compiling information about this personage based on what he explains, both in his

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In 1314, at the age of 82, Llull traveled again to Tunis, possibly prompted by the correspondence between

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George G. Szpiro, "Numbers Rule: The Vexing Mathematics of Democracy, from Plato to the Present" (2010).

1411: 1318:'s alchemical thought was influenced by Ramon Llull and Dalí incorporated the diagrams from the Lullian 875: 518: 427: 125: 6098: 2667:

José Rodríguez Guerrero, “Nuevos Aportes para el Estudio del Liber de secretis naturae pseudoluliano”,

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Raimundus Lullus' Compendium Logicae Algazelis. Quellen, Lehre und Stellung in der Geschichte der Logik

1302:, published 1966) brought new interest to Ramon Llull as a figure in the history of cognitive systems. 384:

consists of a set of general principles and combinatorial operations. It is illustrated with diagrams.

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Variantology 4. On Deep Time Relations of Arts, Sciences and Technologies in the Arabic–Islamic World

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Llull maintained that the powers of the soul needed to be in alignment for a proper operation of the

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Lower, Michael (2009). "Ibn al-Lihyani: sultan of Tunis and would-be Christian convert (1311–18)".

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van Steenberghen, Fernand (1960). "La signification de l'oeuvre anti-averroiste de Raymond Lull".

2048:"Ermita de la Trinitat (Hermitage of the Holy Trinity) | Mallorca Guide, Tourist Attractions, Map" 7071: 7026: 6985: 6980: 6873: 6707: 6687: 6617: 6496: 6476: 6279: 6219: 5831: 5771: 5741: 5656: 5651: 5520: 5416: 5313: 5293: 5253: 5195: 5160: 5155: 4999: 4714: 4640: 3908: 3662: 3534: 3514: 3383: 3345: 3275: 3255: 2872: 2247: 2075:

The Evangelical Rhetoric of Ramon Llull: Lay Learning and Piety in the Christian West Around 1300

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Link, David (2010). "Scrambling T-R-U-T-H: Rotating Letters as a Material Form of Thought", in:

3169: 3104: 2629:, 21, pp. 471-515. Id., (2014), “Raimondo Lullo e l'alchimia: un mito tra storia e filologia”, 790:

equality, minority), reduced from fifteen. Llull kept the combinatorial aspect of the process.

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Llull has appeared in the art and literature of the last century, especially in the genres of

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Ramon Llull, with his disciple Thomas Le Myésier, presenting three anthologies to the queen

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in reference to his most emblematic treatise. His original works would tentatively be the

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monks of Paris at Vauvert and by several theologians who donated their manuscripts to the

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Any Llull (Generalitat de Catalunya – Institut Ramon Llull – Govern de les Illes Balears)

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and in the other writings he cites as his own, he has been identified with a man called

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In 1270 Llull founded the hermitage of the Holy Trinity in Mallorca, known as Miramar.

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Between 1271 and 1274 Llull wrote his first works, a compendium of the Muslim thinker

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Esteve Jaulent: The Theory of Knowledge and the Unity of Man according to Ramon Llull

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threefold, Greatness is threefold, Eternity is threefold, Power is threefold, etc.).

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over the course of many decades, writing new books to explain each new version. The

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Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries

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This Day In Jewish History | 1306: King Philip 'The Fair' Expels All France's Jews

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Colomer, Eusebio (1961). Nikolaus von Kues und Raimund Llull. Berlin: De Gruyter.

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Llull also wrote narrative prose drawing on the literary traditions of his time (

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Paul Richard Blum: Philosophy of Religion in the Renaissance. Ashgate 2010, 1-14

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The History of Philosophy, Vol. IV: Modern Philosophy: From Descartes to Leibniz

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From early in his career Llull composed dialogues to enact the procedure of the

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Der Dialog bei Ramon Llull: Literarische Gestaltung als apologetische Strategie

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in 1376 to prohibit Lullian teaching, although it proved ineffective. In Paris

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wrote a snippet called "Ramon Llull's Thinking Machine" proposing the Lullian

1311: 1064: 972: 879: 564: 550: 506: 362: 354: 266: 192: 17: 3139: 2949: 2359:, eds. Siegfried Zielinski and Eckhard Fürlus (Cologne: König, 2010): 215–266 2159: 1834: 1725: 773:. The culmination of this phase came in 1308 with a finalized version of the 479:-ruled Majorca as part of a larger move to integrate the territories of the 422:. More recently he has been recognized as a precursor of the modern field of 7011: 6883: 5795: 5481: 5075: 4806: 4348: 4186: 4085: 4075: 4060: 4050: 3943: 3804: 3712: 3702: 3672: 3063: 3034: 2369:

Lohr, Charles (1984). "Christianus arabicus, cuius nomen Raimundus Lullus".

1824: 1701: 1382:

and computation theory. With the discovery in 2001 of his lost manuscripts,

1334:

as a device to produce poetry. Other notable references to Ramon Llull are:

1271: 665: 631: 530:

and as he began to write this song, he looked to his right and saw our Lord

464: 2941: 3109: 2337:

Pring-Mill, R.D.F. (1955). "The Trinitarian World Picture of Ramon Lull".

6963: 6933: 6627: 6486: 6453: 5695: 5273: 5225: 5130: 5120: 5090: 5070: 5034: 4836: 4292: 4105: 4065: 4027: 3768: 3753: 3738: 3733: 3652: 3260: 1917: 1663:

Ramon Llull as a Vernacular Writer: Communicating a New Kind of Knowledge

1500: 803: 3194: 765:

Llull inaugurated the Ternary Phase with two works written in 1290: the

168: 6667: 6448: 6443: 5727: 5616: 5466: 5205: 5180: 5095: 5023: 4977: 4761: 4756: 3991: 3958: 3900: 3418: 2987:

Charles H. Lohr, “Ramon Lull's Theory of Scientific Demonstration,” in

1495: 1000: 843: 623: 619: 586:, which would become the motivation behind most of his life's efforts. 539: 419: 294: 246: 6290: 2656: 2610: 403:(although no texts in Arabic survive). His books were translated into 387:

A prolific writer, he is also known for his literary works written in

6990: 6597: 5308: 5190: 5085: 4831: 3928: 3285: 2824:(Spring 2021 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 1466:, edited and translated by Anthony Bonner, with a new translation of 1105:

was exposed to these currents during his years in Mainz, and Llull's

871: 662: 627: 615: 545:

Following his visions he sold his possessions on the model of Saint

400: 3869: 3001:

R. D. F. Pring-Mill, “The Trinitarian World Picture of Ramon Lull,”

916:

Llull structured many of his works around trees. In some, like the

6818: 4826: 4766: 1793:

Llull, Ramon; Ramis Barceló, Rafael (2011). "Estudio preliminar".

1045: 941: 645: 644: 484: 455:

Scenes from the life of Raymond Lull, in a 14th-century manuscript

450: 396: 271: 3160:

High resolution portrait of Ramon Llull in .jpg and .tiff format.

2455:

Imbach, Ruedi (1987). “Lulle face aux Averroïstes parisiens,” in

2162:

Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 31 January 2019

781:. In the same year Llull wrote an abbreviated version called the 5278: 2961:

Raimundus Lullus, An Introduction to His Life, Works and Thought

2470:

https://lullianarts.narpan.net/TreeOfScience/TreeOfScience-1.pdf

595: 358: 6294: 4893: 3873: 3198: 2474:

https://lullianarts.narpan.net/TreeOfScience/TreeOfScience2.pdf

1470:

by Eve Bonner, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press 1994

37:"Llull" redirects here. For the Spanish basketball player, see 1530:(London: Routledge, 1998). Older sources (such as versions of 1131:

which both date to the fourteenth century. Occultists such as

2968:

Reading the World: Encyclopedic Writing in the Scholastic Age

2621:

Michela Pereira, (1987), “La leggenda di Lullo alchimista”,

2267:

A Contemporary Life, Edited and translated by Anthony Bonner

2007:

A Contemporary Life, Edited and translated by Anthony Bonner

1982:

A Contemporary Life, Edited and translated by Anthony Bonner

1702:"Ramon Llull: from 'Ars electionis' to social choice theory" 3191:– The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Digital Library 3105:

Othmer MS 4 Ars brevis; Ars abbreviata praedicanda at OPenn

2205:

augmented and annotated) at 10-11, 34-37, in Bonner (ed.),

2160:

Turner, William. "Raymond Lully." The Catholic Encyclopedia

1151:

as a universal logic, even in the seventeenth century when

575:), a lengthy guide to finding truth through contemplation. 549:

and set out on pilgrimages to the shrines of Saint Mary of

395:

accessible to a wider audience. In addition to Catalan and

1881:

Fidora, Alexander (2020). "Ramon Llull: Doctrina Pueril".

1761:, vol. 4–4, Addison-Wesley Professional, p. 56, 2299: 2297: 2178:

Toleration and Tolerance in Medieval European Literature

802:(c.1285-7) and came to undergird his formulation of the 1962:

Bonner, "Historical Background and Life" (an annotated

987:

animals, man, Paradise, and Hell. It turns out to be a

675:

He was beatified on 11 September 1847 by Pope Pius IX.

1600: 1598: 117:

possibly 25 March 1315 or 1316 (aged 83–84)

2371:

Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie

1854:

Prémiers pedagogues: de l'Antiquité a la Renaissance

1088:

Llull's most significant early modern proponent was

6999: 6796: 6573: 6543: 6505: 6462: 6424: 6417: 6328: 6187: 5996: 5855: 5725: 5601: 5480: 5337: 5244: 5104: 4998: 4936: 4749: 4671: 4390: 4381: 4341: 4225: 4124: 4036: 4010: 3977: 3916: 3907: 3777: 3726: 3635: 3626: 3561: 3552: 3487: 3374: 3294: 3241: 3232: 2975:

Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-Century France

2523:

Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-century France

727:The two main works of the Quaternary Phase are the 285: 252: 240: 230: 220: 182: 144: 131: 121: 113: 88: 50: 2734:"Nova Edició de les Obres de Ramon Llull (NEORL)" 2269:. Barcelona/Woodbridge: Tamesis. pp. 10–11. 2009:. Barcelona/Woodbridge: Tamesis. pp. 37–39. 1984:. Barcelona/Woodbridge: Tamesis. pp. 33–35. 1274:was assigned to 30 June and is celebrated by the 924:. In other works a series of trees shows how the 894:. This is linked to the missionary aspect of the 4648:Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air 2996:The Alchemical Corpus attributed to Raymond Lull 2991:, ed. Klaus Jacobi. Leiden: Brill, 1993, 729–46. 2906:The Art and Logic of Ramon Llull: A User's Guide 2655:Azogue 9. Monograph on Alchemical Pseudolulism: 2401:. Thesis, Freiburg im Breisgau. pp. 93–130. 1678:The Alchemical Corpus attributed to Raymond Lull 1346:refers to Llull (as Raymond Lull) in his memoir 1248:Liber de secretis natura sive de quinta essentia 1129:Liber de secretis naturae seu de quinta essentia 946:Ceramic ceiling light in the Sanctuary of Cura, 870:s combinatorial mechanics bear a resemblance to 376:He invented a philosophical system known as the 2631:Frate Francesco. Rivista di cultura francescana 749:after 1290. Even in subsequent versions of the 527: 7255:14th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon 7250:13th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon 4425:Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth 2885:The Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men 2201:Bonner, "Historical Background and Life" (the 2170: 2168: 1799:(in Spanish). Editorial Dykinson. p. 17. 1438:The Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men 1075:from being taught in the Faculty of Theology. 928:generates all ("encyclopedic") knowledge. The 41:. For the medieval Spanish businesswoman, see 6306: 4905: 3885: 3210: 3128:Ramon Llull Database, University of Barcelona 3099:Raymund Lull: First Missionary to the Muslims 3019:, vol. I, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 2970:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. 2870:Lola Badia, Joan Santanach and Albert Soler, 1592:, vol. I, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 521:. He narrates the event in his autobiography 8: 4056:pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana (Balīnūs/Balīnās) 3015:Frances Yates, "Lull and Bruno" (1982), in 1588:Frances Yates, "Lull and Bruno" (1982), in 1536:at least up to 1955) give 1235; the current 1205:Compendium animae transmutationis metallorum 7135:Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis 1943:Associació d'Escriptors en Llengua Catalana 1458:Flowers of Love and Flowers of Intelligence 1063:condemned Lullism in Aragon. He obtained a 6421: 6313: 6299: 6291: 4912: 4898: 4890: 4387: 4172:John of Rupescissa (Jean de Roquetaillade) 3913: 3892: 3878: 3870: 3632: 3558: 3238: 3217: 3203: 3195: 1624:, Princeton University Press, 1993, p. 82. 1378:is sometimes recognized as a precursor to 1314:, philosophical fantasy, and metafiction. 976:(c.1276-83) is his most well known novel. 918:Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men 906:Liber de quaestione valde alta et profunda 901:Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men 842:goodness, etc.), the Lullian proof of the 800:Lectura super figuras Artis demonstrativae 177:, by an unknown artist (16th–17th century) 167: 70: 47: 4460:Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz 3790:Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi 3012:, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966. 2755:"SALVADOR DALÍ: ALCHIMIE DES PHILOSOPHES" 2102:Philosophy of Religion in the Renaissance 1661:; Santanach, Joan; Soler, Albert (2016). 1434:Selected Works of Ramon Llull (1232‑1316) 1027:(creating the tertiary version). Llull's 578:In 1274, while staying at a hermitage on 534:on the Cross, as if suspended in mid-air. 2881:Doctor Illuminatus. A Ramon Llull Reader 2105:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 1–. 2078:. Oxford University Press. pp. 9–. 2052:Mallorca Guide, Tourist Attractions, Map 1622:Doctor illuminatus: A Ramon Llull Reader 1464:Doctor Illuminatus: A Ramon Llull Reader 1418:independently proposed centuries later. 349:– possibly 25 March 1315/1316), was a 173:Anachronistic image of Ramon Llull with 7170:14th-century Roman Catholic theologians 7165:13th-century Roman Catholic theologians 3175:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive 2843:"Llull's writings on electoral systems" 2822:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2468:English translation by Yanis Dambergs: 2290:"Basilica Sant Francesc", Illes Balears 2181:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–. 1916:(in Catalan). Year 1257. Archived from 1823:Priani, Ernesto (2021). "Ramon Llull". 1581: 1517: 1191:(=De secretis naturae early versions); 1147:) were still interested in the Lullian 826:(i.e., this means that in God goodness 5913:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler 4248:George Starkey (Eirenaeus Philalethes) 2998:, London: The Warburg Institute, 1989. 2883:(Princeton University 1985), includes 2841:G. Hägele & F. Pukelsheim (2001). 2315: 2303: 1851:Houssaye, Jean (2011). "Ramon Llull". 1780: 1738: 1015:According to Llull's autobiographical 517:In 1263 Llull experienced a series of 471:in 1229 with the conquering armies of 4328:Thomas Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes) 2889:The Book of the Lover and the Beloved 2780:. New York: Viking. pp. 155–159. 1468:The Book of the Lover and the Beloved 1356:. Llull is also a major character in 475:. James I had conquered the formerly 337: 7: 3663:Ikhwan al-Safa' (Brethren of Purity) 3090:Centre de Documentació Ramon Llull, 2774:"Ramon Llull's Thinking Machine" in 1857:(in French). Elsevier. p. 190. 1527:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1491:List of pioneers in computer science 1282:Twentieth and twenty-first centuries 729:Ars compendiosa inveniendi veritatem 4479:De consideratione quintae essentiae 3073:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2657:https://revistaazogue.com/numero-9/ 2646:, Edizioni del Galluzzo, Tavarnuzze 2611:http://www.ub.edu/llulldb/index.asp 2099:Blum, Paul Richard (28 June 2013). 1826:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 785:. In these works Llull revised the 3017:Collected Essays: Lull & Bruno 2982:The Spiritual Logic of Ramón Llull 2873:Ramon Llull as a Vernacular Writer 1590:Collected Essays: Lull & Bruno 1524:Born 1232 per Mark D. Johnston in 1258:Meanwhile, in Spain, the Cardinal 1246:Among his best known works is the 859:Influence of Islam and early works 610:ordered the creation of chairs of 25: 7160:14th-century Spanish philosophers 7155:13th-century Spanish philosophers 7130:Medieval Catalan-language writers 2642:Pereira & Spaggiari, (1999), 2175:Albrecht Classen (5 March 2018). 1254:Iberian Revival and beatification 1181:Liber de intentione alchimistarum 863:It has been pointed out that the 7077: 7065: 6959:Stratification of emotional life 6408: 6402: 6396: 6273: 4874: 4873: 4446:Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit 2984:, Oxford: Clarenden Press, 1987. 2977:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. 1700:Colomer, Josep M. (2013-02-01). 1680:. London: The Warburg Institute. 1187:(=Ars intelectiva; Ars mágica); 573:Book on the Contemplation of God 391:, which he composed to make his 7235:Medieval Spanish mathematicians 7115:Spanish Arabic-language writers 5231:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 4413:Liber de compositione alchemiae 4137:(pseudo-)Arnaldus de Villa Nova 4096:pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid) 3944:Hermes Trismegistus (legendary) 3271:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 2459:. Toulouse: Privat, pp. 261–82. 2232:Mediterranean Historical Review 1757:The Art of Computer Programming 634:as well as at the Papal Court. 467:patricians who had come to the 284: 27:Majorcan writer and philosopher 7190:14th-century Christian mystics 7185:13th-century Christian mystics 4944:History of the Catholic Church 4662:Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine 3444:Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt 2926:"The Ars Magna by Ramon Llull" 2698:Habig, Marion. (Ed.). (1959). 602:about this part of his life. 1: 7245:14th-century writers in Latin 7240:13th-century writers in Latin 7140:People from Palma de Mallorca 5593:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 4990:History of Christian theology 4729:Theatrum chemicum Britannicum 3053:Works by or about Ramon Llull 2820:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 2713:"RAIMVNDI LVLLI Opera latina" 2700:The Franciscan Book of Saints 2457:Raymond Lulle et le pays d’Oc 1966:) at 10–11, in Bonner (ed.), 1450:Felix: or the Book of Wonders 1362:, a children's novel by poet 1260:Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros 1189:Tratatu de aquis medicinalius 590:Missionary work and education 569:Llibre de contemplació en Déu 343: 92: 7195:Medieval Spanish astrologers 7180:14th-century Spanish writers 7175:13th-century Spanish writers 4921:History of Catholic theology 3121:Open University of Catalonia 2671:, 9, 2019-2023, pp. 284-415. 2072:Mark David Johnston (1996). 1448:, pp. 579–646; vol. 2: 1203:and an early version of the 1159:proposed competing systems. 1059:In the 1360s the inquisitor 399:, he also probably wrote in 32:Ramon Llull (disambiguation) 7230:14th-century mathematicians 7225:13th-century mathematicians 7205:Franciscan beatified people 6551:Theological intellectualism 4701:Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum 4687:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa 2776:Borges, Jorge Luis (1999). 1179:(=Lapidarius abbreviatus); 369:and former knight from the 79:portrait of Ramon Llull by 7271: 6929:Principle of double effect 6019:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 6009:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange 5294:Transubstantiation dispute 4580:Rosary of the Philosophers 4566:Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis 4505:Liber Hermetis de alchemia 2963:, Turnhout: Brepols, 2008. 2702:. Franciscan Herald Press. 2525:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1883:Kindlers Literatur Lexikon 1428:Ramon Llull's New Rhetoric 1276:Third Order of St. Francis 1133:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa 998: 152:Third Order of St. Francis 43:Caterina Llull i Sabastida 36: 29: 7060: 6394: 6268: 4927: 4869: 4243:pseudo-Bernard of Treviso 4076:Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith) 4046:Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes) 3857: 3749:Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi 3698:Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani 3658:Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes) 3569:Isaac Israeli ben Solomon 2416:. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer. 2412:Friedlein, Roger (2004). 2244:10.1080/09518960903000744 1718:10.1007/s00355-011-0598-2 1706:Social Choice and Welfare 1676:Pereira, Michela (1989). 1349:The Invention of Solitude 1094:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples 622:) at the universities of 525:("A Contemporary Life"): 463:into a wealthy family of 319: 315: 216: 166: 158: 69: 7220:14th-century astrologers 7215:13th-century astrologers 5933:Matthias Joseph Scheeben 5126:Athanasius of Alexandria 5018:First Epistle of Clement 4091:Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber) 3924:Agathodaemon (legendary) 3815:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi 3708:Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) 3643:Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) 3180:University of St Andrews 3092:Universitat de Barcelona 2930:Contributions to Science 2903:Bonner, Anthony (2007). 2876:, London: Tamesis, 2016. 2816:Priani, Ernesto (2021), 2644:Il Testamentum Alchemico 2521:Hillgarth, J.N. (1971). 1324:Alchimie des Philosophes 1185:Scientia de sensibilibus 1119:Pseudo-Llull and alchemy 876:ninety-nine Names of God 830:greatness and greatness 7150:Scholastic philosophers 6556:Theological voluntarism 6044:Dietrich von Hildebrand 5908:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi 5782:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet 5762:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda 5304:Paulinus II of Aquileia 5299:Predestination disputes 4283:Jan Baptist van Helmont 4023:Stephanus of Alexandria 3678:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani 3673:Al-Farabi (Alpharabius) 3356:Dominicus Gundissalinus 3331:Richard of Saint Victor 3110:Ramon Llull at the AELC 3003:Romanistisches Jahrbuch 2791:Huxley, Aldous (1920). 2339:Romanistisches Jahrbuch 2037:, 9781842272794. p. 190 1939:"Biografia Ramon Llull" 1885:(in German). Springer. 1829:. Stanford University. 1533:Encyclopædia Britannica 767:Ars inventiva veritatis 655:King James II of Aragon 7072:Catholicism portal 6280:Catholicism portal 6129:Hans Urs von Balthasar 5928:Tommaso Maria Zigliara 5868:Félicité de La Mennais 5547:The Cloud of Unknowing 5048:The Shepherd of Hermas 4116:al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis) 3861:Renaissance philosophy 3835:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 3820:Athir al-Din al-Abhari 2942:10.2436/20.7010.01.243 2893:The Book of the Beasts 2879:Anthony Bonner (ed.), 2853:: 3–38. Archived from 2795:. Chatto & Windus. 2397:Lohr, Charles (1967). 1759:: Generating all trees 1665:. Woodbridge: Tamesis. 1639:newsaints.faithweb.com 1620:Anthony Bonner (ed.), 1609:Frederick C. Copleston 1454:Principles of Medicine 1145:Johann Heinrich Alsted 1051: 951: 838:eternity and eternity 650: 536: 494:In 1257 Llull married 456: 7145:Catholic philosophers 7084:Philosophy portal 6899:Infused righteousness 6054:Marie-Dominique Chenu 5973:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 5958:Désiré-Joseph Mercier 5842:Clement Mary Hofbauer 5837:Johann Michael Sailer 5264:Maximus the Confessor 4956:History of the papacy 4552:Nabataean Agriculture 4439:Books of the Balances 4288:Johann Rudolf Glauber 4258:Giovanni da Correggio 3759:Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani 3754:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) 3226:Medieval philosophers 3186:Selected images from 3141:Catholic Encyclopedia 2989:Argumentationstheorie 2966:Mary Franklin-Brown, 2778:Selected Non-fictions 2535:Hillgarth, 1971, 269. 2495:Dominguez, Fernando. 2265:Llull, Ramon (2010). 2005:Llull, Ramon (2010). 1980:Llull, Ramon (2010). 1460:, pp. 1223–1256) 1452:, pp. 659–1107; 1412:Jean-Charles de Borda 1322:into his work called 1217:Raymundus de Terminis 1109:clearly informed his 1049: 945: 908:, composed in 1311). 649:Llull's tomb in Palma 648: 454: 447:Early life and family 415:during his lifetime. 137:11 September 1847 by 126:Roman Catholic Church 7210:Graph drawing people 7032:Doctor of the Church 6914:Ontological argument 6230:Raniero Cantalamessa 6200:Alice von Hildebrand 6149:Edward Schillebeeckx 5827:Maria Gaetana Agnesi 5712:Lawrence of Brindisi 5642:Francisco de Vitoria 5432:Beatrice of Nazareth 5407:Hugh of Saint Victor 5387:Bernard of Clairvaux 5367:Anselm of Canterbury 5329:John Scotus Eriugena 5324:Paschasius Radbertus 5171:Gregory of Nazianzus 5065:Epistle to Diognetus 4797:In art/entertainment 4207:(pseudo-)Roger Bacon 3969:Zosimos of Panopolis 3964:Paphnutia the Virgin 3825:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 3795:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 3769:Ibn Rushd (Averroes) 3744:Al-Ghazali (Algazel) 3459:Godfrey of Fontaines 3361:Gilbert de la Porrée 3326:Hugh of Saint Victor 3311:Anselm of Canterbury 3281:John Scotus Eriugena 3188:Practica compendiosa 3166:Robertson, Edmund F. 3148:Blessed Raymond Lull 3081:Who was Ramon Llull? 3044:Works by Ramon Llull 2959:and Josep E. Rubio, 2924:Umberto Eco (2016). 2599:Hillgarth 1971, 297. 2553:Hillgarth, 1971, 284 2501:Ramon Llull Database 1635:"Concession of Mass" 1456:pp. 1119–1215; 1444:, pp. 317–567; 1416:Nicolas de Condorcet 1394:, together known as 1352:in the second part, 1201:Liber experimentorum 1112:De Arte Combinatoria 779:Ars generalis ultima 424:social choice theory 339:[rəˈmonˈʎuʎ] 30:For other uses, see 6859:Divine illumination 6515:Augustinian realism 6383:Theological virtues 6322:Catholic philosophy 6205:Carlo Maria Martini 6169:Johann Baptist Metz 6139:Frederick Copleston 5963:Friedrich von Hügel 5923:Joseph Hergenröther 5903:Gaetano Sanseverino 5883:Ignaz von Döllinger 5807:Nicolas Malebranche 5647:Thomas of Villanova 5608:Counter-Reformation 5588:Girolamo Savonarola 5402:Hildegard of Bingen 5211:Cyril of Alexandria 5054:Aristides of Athens 5041:Epistle of Barnabas 5030:Ignatius of Antioch 4968:Ecumenical councils 4817:Philosophers' stone 4812:Pill of Immortality 4708:Fasciculus chemicus 4655:Turba philosophorum 4573:Physika kai mystika 4303:Michael Sendivogius 4182:pseudo-Michael Scot 4018:pseudo-Olympiodorus 3959:Ostanes (legendary) 3734:Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 3653:Al-Kindi (Alkindus) 3579:Solomon ibn Gabirol 3500:Marsilius of Inghen 3351:Bernard of Chartres 3164:O'Connor, John J.; 1440:, pp. 93–305; 1408:Condorcet criterion 1392:Alia ars eleccionis 1359:The Box of Delights 1296:on memory systems ( 1229:magister in artibus 1165:magister Testamenti 970:to a lay audience. 834:goodness, goodness 731:(ca. 1274) and the 683: 426:, 450 years before 367:Christian apologist 225:Medieval philosophy 7200:Franciscan mystics 7027:Islamic philosophy 6981:Trademark argument 6874:Formal distinction 6824:Augustinian values 6497:Analytical Thomism 6477:Christian humanism 6220:Alasdair MacIntyre 6099:Nouvelle théologie 5988:Thérèse of Lisieux 5832:Alfonso Muzzarelli 5772:Jean-Jacques Olier 5742:Tommaso Campanella 5657:Francisco de Osuna 5652:Ignatius of Loyola 5521:Catherine of Siena 5417:Robert Grosseteste 5314:Benedict of Aniane 5254:Isidore of Seville 5196:Augustine of Hippo 5161:Cyril of Jerusalem 5156:Hilary of Poitiers 4715:Musaeum Hermeticum 4641:Summa perfectionis 4620:(pseudo-Aristotle) 4610:Secret of Creation 4559:Ordinal of Alchemy 4202:pseudo-Ramon Llull 4106:Maslama al-Qurṭubī 3535:Lambertus de Monte 3515:Francesc Eiximenis 3384:Robert Grosseteste 3346:Alexander of Hales 3276:Isidore of Seville 3256:Augustine of Hippo 3133:2015-10-16 at the 3086:2013-03-13 at the 3005:7 (1955): 229–256. 2980:Mark D. Johnston, 2633:, 80, pp. 517-523. 2207:Doctor Illuminatus 1968:Doctor Illuminatus 1486:Catalan literature 1354:The Book of Memory 1340:The Death of Lully 1052: 952: 651: 469:Kingdom of Majorca 459:Llull was born in 457: 436:computation theory 371:Kingdom of Majorca 306:computation theory 262:Christian theology 235:Western philosophy 108:(now Palma, Spain) 104:Kingdom of Majorca 7125:Exophonic writers 7092: 7091: 7007:Catholic theology 6954:Seven deadly sins 6924:Peripatetic axiom 6834:Cartesian dualism 6569: 6568: 6535:Scotistic realism 6492:Neo-scholasticism 6288: 6287: 6215:Gustavo Gutiérrez 6210:Pope Benedict XVI 6195:Pope John Paul II 6094:Josemaría Escrivá 6084:Henri Daniel-Rops 5968:Vladimir Solovyov 5948:Neo-scholasticism 5888:John Henry Newman 5822:Louis de Montfort 5817:Alphonsus Liguori 5812:Giambattista Vico 5747:Pierre de Bérulle 5733:French Revolution 5702:Robert Bellarmine 5682:John of the Cross 5568:Julian of Norwich 5526:Bridget of Sweden 5516:John of Ruusbroec 5506:William of Ockham 5422:Francis of Assisi 5412:Dominic de Guzmán 5382:Decretum Gratiani 5357:Berengar of Tours 5246:Early Middle Ages 5216:Peter Chrysologus 5166:Basil of Caesarea 5151:Ephrem the Syrian 5091:Antipope Novatian 4887: 4886: 4745: 4744: 4722:Theatrum chemicum 4538:Mirror of Alchimy 4490:Tabula Smaragdina 4467:Clavis sapientiae 4406:Aurora consurgens 4377: 4376: 4313:Pierre-Jean Fabre 4263:Heinrich Khunrath 4177:Magister Salernus 4152:Guido di Montanor 3939:pseudo-Democritus 3901:Alchemy (general) 3867: 3866: 3853: 3852: 3622: 3621: 3548: 3547: 3479:William of Ockham 3096:Samuel M. Zwemer 3062:Priani, Ernesto. 3048:Project Gutenberg 3010:The Art of Memory 2994:Michela Pereira, 2973:J. N. Hillgarth, 2916:978-90-04-16325-6 2909:. Leiden: Brill. 2623:Estudios Lulianos 2439:Estudios Lulianos 2188:978-1-351-00106-9 2112:978-1-4094-8071-6 2085:978-0-19-509005-5 1892:978-3-476-05728-0 1806:978-84-15454-34-2 1768:978-0-321-33570-8 1442:Ars Demonstrativa 1402:now known as the 1370:Other recognition 1328:Jorge Luis Borges 1299:The Art of Memory 1103:Gottfried Leibniz 1084:Academic theology 1061:Nicholas Eymerich 1011:Academic theology 962:) to express the 737:Ars demonstrativa 733:Ars demonstrativa 608:Council of Vienne 567:'s logic and the 547:Francis of Assisi 513:Religious calling 473:James I of Aragon 323: 322: 161:Philosophy career 122:Venerated in 109: 81:Francisco Ribalta 16:(Redirected from 7262: 7120:Catalan language 7082: 7081: 7080: 7070: 7069: 6894:Homo unius libri 6839:Cogito, ergo sum 6829:Cardinal virtues 6530:Moderate realism 6422: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6399: 6338:Cardinal virtues 6315: 6308: 6301: 6292: 6278: 6277: 6119:Emmanuel Mounier 6114:Bernard Lonergan 6039:Georges Bernanos 6024:Jacques Maritain 6004:G. K. Chesterton 5893:Henri Lacordaire 5792:Cornelius Jansen 5787:François Fénelon 5717:Francis de Sales 5707:Francisco Suárez 5578:Nicholas of Cusa 5462:Siger of Brabant 5447:Boetius of Dacia 5427:Anthony of Padua 5372:Joachim of Fiore 5352:Gregory of Narek 5339:High Middle Ages 5284:John of Damascus 5176:Gregory of Nyssa 4914: 4907: 4900: 4891: 4877: 4876: 4591:Step of the Sage 4531:Mappae clavicula 4498:Leyden papyrus X 4399:Atalanta fugiens 4388: 4369:Mary Anne Atwood 4354:Eugène Canseliet 4233:Andreas Libavius 4212:Taddeo Alderotti 3987:Fang (alchemist) 3934:pseudo-Cleopatra 3914: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3871: 3633: 3589:Abraham ibn Daud 3559: 3520:Nicholas of Cusa 3510:Albert of Saxony 3439:Boetius of Dacia 3434:Siger of Brabant 3239: 3219: 3212: 3205: 3196: 3182: 3124: 3077: 3068:Zalta, Edward N. 3057:Internet Archive 3029:Works by Llull ( 2957:Alexander Fidora 2953: 2920: 2859: 2858: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2813: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2709: 2703: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2640: 2634: 2619: 2613: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2492: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2466: 2460: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2366: 2360: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2292: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2227: 2221: 2216: 2210: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2172: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2147: 2138:. Archived from 2132: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2044: 2038: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1977: 1971: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1631: 1625: 1618: 1612: 1602: 1593: 1586: 1570: 1559:Raymundus Lullus 1547: 1541: 1522: 1400:electoral system 1380:computer science 1193:De lapide maiori 1090:Nicholas of Cusa 869: 735:(ca. 1283). The 723:Quaternary Phase 717: 504: 481:Balearic Islands 420:alchemical works 348: 345: 341: 336: 332: 308: 185: 171: 107: 100:City of Mallorca 97: 94: 74: 48: 21: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7078: 7076: 7064: 7056: 7017:Aristotelianism 6995: 6844:Dehellenization 6792: 6565: 6561:Foundationalism 6539: 6501: 6458: 6413: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6401: 6397: 6392: 6378:Social teaching 6324: 6319: 6289: 6284: 6272: 6264: 6245:Jean-Luc Marion 6183: 6134:Marcel Lefebvre 6059:Romano Guardini 6014:Joseph Maréchal 5992: 5983:Maurice Blondel 5878:Antonio Rosmini 5873:Luigi Taparelli 5851: 5777:Louis Thomassin 5752:Pierre Gassendi 5735: 5731: 5721: 5672:Teresa of Ávila 5610: 5606: 5597: 5583:Marsilio Ficino 5573:Thomas à Kempis 5563:Devotio Moderna 5536:Johannes Tauler 5531:Meister Eckhart 5501:Dante Alighieri 5476: 5442:Albertus Magnus 5333: 5240: 5186:John Chrysostom 5114: 5110: 5100: 5013:Clement of Rome 4994: 4932: 4923: 4918: 4888: 4883: 4865: 4860:Suns in alchemy 4741: 4667: 4606:Sirr al-khalīqa 4587:Rutbat al-ḥakīm 4471:Miftāḥ al-ḥikma 4373: 4359:Frater Albertus 4337: 4333:Wilhelm Homberg 4238:Basil Valentine 4221: 4192:Paul of Taranto 4157:Hugh of Evesham 4132:pseudo-Albertus 4120: 4066:pseudo-Avicenna 4032: 4006: 3979:Ancient Chinese 3973: 3949:Mary the Jewess 3903: 3898: 3868: 3863: 3849: 3773: 3722: 3668:Matta ibn Yunus 3618: 3544: 3483: 3474:Petrus Aureolus 3449:Meister Eckhart 3394:Albertus Magnus 3376: 3370: 3296: 3290: 3228: 3223: 3163: 3143:article of 1911 3135:Wayback Machine 3119:. lletrA-UOC – 3115: 3088:Wayback Machine 3061: 3026: 3008:Frances Yates, 2923: 2917: 2902: 2867: 2862: 2847:Studia Lulliana 2840: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2825: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2800: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2641: 2637: 2620: 2616: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2497:"Felix Summary" 2494: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2467: 2463: 2454: 2450: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2424: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2387:Lohr, 1984, 63. 2386: 2382: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2354: 2350: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2295: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2217: 2213: 2200: 2196: 2189: 2174: 2173: 2166: 2158: 2154: 2145: 2143: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2086: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2057: 2055: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1961: 1957: 1948: 1946: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1923: 1921: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1893: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1796:Arte de derecho 1792: 1791: 1787: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1643: 1641: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1619: 1615: 1603: 1596: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1548: 1544: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1477: 1424: 1372: 1338:'s short story 1308: 1306:Art and fiction 1289: 1284: 1256: 1227:, trained as a 1195:(=Apertorium); 1177:Liber lapidarii 1121: 1086: 1081: 1057: 1041:queen of France 1013: 1008: 1003: 997: 940: 931:Tree of Science 914: 888: 867: 861: 856: 804:nature of being 796: 763: 725: 715: 689: 681: 643: 592: 515: 498: 489:Crown of Aragon 449: 444: 346: 334: 328: 311: 304: 300:election theory 295:Lullist thought 288: 281: 255: 212: 200:Tree of Science 183: 178: 159: 106: 98: 95: 84: 65: 60: 59: 56: 55: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7268: 7266: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7097: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7074: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6971: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6919:Pascal's wager 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6879:Guardian angel 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6800: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6579: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6468: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6434:Augustinianism 6430: 6428: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6343:Divine command 6340: 6334: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6310: 6303: 6295: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6074:Henri de Lubac 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6049:Gabriel Marcel 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6029:Étienne Gilson 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5978:George Tyrrell 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5938:Émile Boutroux 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5918:Giuseppe Pecci 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5767:António Vieira 5764: 5759: 5757:René Descartes 5754: 5749: 5744: 5738: 5736: 5728:Baroque period 5726: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5692:Luis de Molina 5689: 5687:Peter Canisius 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5667:Francis Xavier 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5622:Thomas Cajetan 5619: 5613: 5611: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5553:Heinrich Seuse 5550: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5485: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5457:Thomas Aquinas 5454: 5452:Henry of Ghent 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5397:Anselm of Laon 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5343: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5319:Rabanus Maurus 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5236:Pope Gregory I 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5112:Pope Gregory I 5105: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5004: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4983:Biblical canon 4980: 4973:Catholic Bible 4970: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4917: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4894: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4863: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4792:Iatrochemistry 4789: 4784: 4782:Elixir of life 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4634:Splendor solis 4630: 4622: 4614: 4602: 4595: 4583: 4576: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4501: 4494: 4486:Emerald Tablet 4482: 4475: 4463: 4456: 4449: 4442: 4435: 4428: 4421: 4409: 4402: 4394: 4392: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4071:Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4042: 4040: 4038:Arabic-Islamic 4034: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3918: 3917:Greco-Egyptian 3911: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3874: 3865: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3639: 3637: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3609:Hasdai Crescas 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3530:Paul of Venice 3527: 3525:Vincent Ferrer 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3414:Thomas Aquinas 3411: 3406: 3401: 3399:Henry of Ghent 3396: 3391: 3386: 3380: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3368: 3366:Alain de Lille 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3321:Anselm of Laon 3318: 3313: 3308: 3300: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3250:Church Fathers 3245: 3243: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3214: 3207: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3183: 3161: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3137: 3125: 3113: 3107: 3102: 3094: 3078: 3059: 3050: 3041: 3025: 3024:External links 3022: 3021: 3020: 3013: 3006: 2999: 2992: 2985: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2954: 2921: 2915: 2900: 2877: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2857:on 2006-02-07. 2833: 2808: 2798: 2783: 2767: 2746: 2725: 2704: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2660: 2648: 2635: 2614: 2601: 2592: 2583: 2574: 2565: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2513: 2487: 2477: 2461: 2448: 2429: 2422: 2404: 2389: 2380: 2361: 2348: 2329: 2320: 2308: 2306:, p. 121. 2293: 2282: 2275: 2257: 2222: 2211: 2203:Vita coaetanea 2194: 2187: 2164: 2152: 2127: 2118: 2111: 2091: 2084: 2064: 2039: 2022: 2015: 1997: 1990: 1972: 1964:Vita coaetanea 1955: 1930: 1901: 1891: 1873: 1864:978-2710115465 1863: 1843: 1815: 1805: 1785: 1773: 1767: 1743: 1741:, p. 290. 1731: 1712:(2): 317–328. 1692: 1683: 1668: 1650: 1626: 1613: 1594: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1542: 1540:gives 1232/33. 1516: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1461: 1431: 1423: 1420: 1388:Ars eleccionis 1371: 1368: 1364:John Masefield 1307: 1304: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1255: 1252: 1175:(Codicillus); 1137:Giordano Bruno 1120: 1117: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1056: 1053: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 996: 993: 939: 936: 913: 910: 887: 884: 860: 857: 855: 852: 795: 792: 762: 759: 724: 721: 688: 682: 680: 677: 642: 639: 618:and Chaldean ( 591: 588: 523:Vita coaetanea 514: 511: 448: 445: 443: 440: 321: 320: 317: 316: 313: 312: 310: 309: 302: 297: 291: 289: 286: 283: 282: 280: 279: 274: 269: 264: 258: 256: 254:Main interests 253: 250: 249: 244: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 222: 218: 217: 214: 213: 211: 210: 203: 196: 188: 186: 180: 179: 172: 164: 163: 156: 155: 148: 142: 141: 135: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 90: 86: 85: 75: 67: 66: 61: 57: 51: 26: 24: 18:Raymond Lullus 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7267: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7062: 7059: 7053: 7052:Phenomenology 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6949:Rota Fortunae 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6909:Occam's razor 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6889:Head of a pin 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6804:Actus Essendi 6802: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6638:Chateaubriand 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6525:Conceptualism 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6439:Scholasticism 6437: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6416: 6389: 6388:Virtue ethics 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6373:Seven virtues 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6316: 6311: 6309: 6304: 6302: 6297: 6296: 6293: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6255:Aidan Nichols 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6235:Michał Heller 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6225:Walter Kasper 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6154:Thomas Merton 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6124:Jean Daniélou 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5863:Joseph Görres 5861: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5847:Bruno Lanteri 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5802:Blaise Pascal 5800: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5662:John of Ávila 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5542: 5541:Walter Hilton 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5511:Richard Rolle 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5392:Peter Lombard 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5377:Peter Abelard 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5269:Monothelitism 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5259:John Climacus 5257: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5146:Monophysitism 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5060: 5059:Justin Martyr 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4962: 4961:Papal primacy 4959: 4958: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4910: 4908: 4903: 4901: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4880: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4822:Prima materia 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4738: 4737: 4736:Tripus aureus 4733: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4680:Aureum vellus 4677: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4626:Sirr al-asrār 4623: 4621: 4619: 4618:Sirr al-asrār 4615: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4599:Seventy Books 4596: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4535: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4509:Liber dabessi 4506: 4502: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4432:Book of Mercy 4429: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4323:Samuel Norton 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4298:Michael Maier 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4217:Thomas Norton 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4162:Johann of Laz 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4147:George Ripley 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125:Late medieval 4123: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4081:Ibn Waḥshiyya 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3890: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3862: 3856: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3800:Rashid al-Din 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3688:Abd al-Jabbar 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3505:Nicole Oresme 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3454:Giles of Rome 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3341:Peter Lombard 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3316:Peter Abelard 3314: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3305:Scholasticism 3302: 3301: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3220: 3215: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3201: 3200: 3197: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3170:"Ramon Llull" 3167: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3117:"Ramon Llull" 3114: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3064:"Ramon Llull" 3060: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2834: 2823: 2819: 2818:"Ramon Llull" 2812: 2809: 2802: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2784: 2779: 2771: 2768: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2517: 2514: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2488: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2430: 2425: 2419: 2415: 2408: 2405: 2400: 2393: 2390: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2330: 2324: 2321: 2318:, p. 26. 2317: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2276:9781855661998 2272: 2268: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2153: 2142:on 2013-03-13 2141: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2068: 2065: 2053: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2035:1-84227-279-9 2032: 2026: 2023: 2018: 2016:9781855661998 2012: 2008: 2001: 1998: 1993: 1991:9781855661998 1987: 1983: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1956: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1931: 1920:on 2016-04-10 1919: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1888: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1760: 1758: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1696: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1672: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1654: 1651: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1576: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1521: 1518: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336:Aldous Huxley 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1316:Salvador Dalí 1313: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1294:Frances Yates 1286: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1054: 1048: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1010: 1005: 1002: 994: 992: 990: 985: 984: 983:Bildungsroman 979: 975: 974: 969: 965: 961: 957: 949: 948:Puig de Randa 944: 937: 935: 933: 932: 927: 923: 919: 912:Tree diagrams 911: 909: 907: 903: 902: 897: 893: 885: 883: 881: 877: 873: 866: 858: 853: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 793: 791: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 761:Ternary Phase 760: 758: 756: 752: 748: 743: 738: 734: 730: 722: 720: 714: 710: 705: 702: 698: 694: 687: 678: 676: 673: 669: 667: 664: 660: 656: 647: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630:, Paris, and 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 603: 599: 597: 589: 587: 585: 581: 580:Puig de Randa 576: 574: 570: 566: 561: 558: 556: 552: 548: 543: 541: 535: 533: 526: 524: 520: 512: 510: 508: 502: 497: 496:Blanca Picany 492: 490: 486: 483:(now part of 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 453: 446: 441: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 385: 383: 379: 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 340: 331: 327: 318: 314: 307: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 290: 287:Notable ideas 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 259: 257: 251: 248: 245: 243: 239: 236: 233: 229: 226: 223: 219: 215: 209: 208: 204: 202: 201: 197: 195: 194: 190: 189: 187: 181: 176: 175:speech scroll 170: 165: 162: 157: 153: 149: 147: 143: 140: 136: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 116: 112: 105: 101: 91: 87: 82: 78: 77:Anachronistic 73: 68: 64: 54: 49: 44: 40: 33: 19: 7110:1310s deaths 7105:1230s births 7022:Neoplatonism 6944:Ressentiment 6939:Quinque viae 6904:Memento mori 6864:Double truth 6809:Actus primus 6697: 6575:Philosophers 6482:Cartesianism 6240:Peter Kreeft 6188:21st century 6179:Henri Nouwen 6089:Jean Guitton 6069:Fulton Sheen 5997:20th century 5898:Jaime Balmes 5856:19th century 5677:Luis de León 5558:Geert Groote 5545: 5490: 5362:Peter Damian 5201:John Cassian 5141:Nestorianism 5063: 5046: 5039: 5022: 5000:Early Church 4879:All articles 4734: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4706: 4699: 4692: 4685: 4678: 4672:Compilations 4660: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4617: 4609: 4605: 4597: 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In 1937 1312:surrealism 1233:in legibus 1065:papal bull 1055:Opposition 1033:Carthusian 999:See also: 973:Blanquerna 882:'s logic. 880:Al-Ghazali 820:bonificare 812:bonificans 783:Ars brevis 695:(in Latin 659:al-Lihyani 565:Al-Ghazali 551:Rocamadour 507:troubadour 363:missionary 355:theologian 267:philosophy 193:Blanquerna 7012:Platonism 6986:Univocity 6884:Haecceity 6763:Ratzinger 6728:Montaigne 6708:MacIntyre 6663:Dionysius 6658:Descartes 6618:Augustine 6472:Salamanca 6164:Hans Küng 5953:Léon Bloy 5943:Modernism 5796:Jansenism 5482:Mysticism 5076:Montanism 4842:Processes 4807:Ouroboros 4628:(al-Rāzī) 4349:Carl Jung 4187:Ortolanus 4086:al-ʿIrāqī 4061:Artephius 4051:Alphidius 4011:Byzantine 3859:See also 3805:Ibn Arabi 3713:al-Biruni 3703:Miskawayh 3648:al-Nazzam 3234:Christian 3037:) at the 2950:2013-410X 2506:14 August 2445:: 113–28. 2252:161432419 1835:1095-5054 1726:1432-217X 1577:Citations 1555:Raimundus 1551:latinized 1396:Ars Magna 1272:feast day 1264:beatified 1237:capitaneo 1173:Vademecum 1153:Descartes 995:Reception 886:Dialogues 672:Majorca. 632:Salamanca 465:Barcelona 432:Condorcet 413:Castilian 207:Ars Magna 150:30 June ( 133:Beatified 6974:Irenaean 6964:Theodicy 6934:Quiddity 6797:Concepts 6723:Maritain 6693:Krasicki 6683:Gassendi 6673:Eriugena 6628:Boethius 6603:Anscombe 6593:Albertus 6487:Molinism 6454:Occamism 6426:Medieval 6353:Just war 5696:Molinism 5274:Ecthesis 5226:Boethius 5131:Arianism 5121:Eusebius 5071:Irenaeus 5035:Polycarp 4949:Timeline 4837:Yliaster 4417:Morienus 4383:Writings 4293:John Dee 4028:Synesius 3739:Ibn Hazm 3693:Al-Amiri 3562:Medieval 3469:Durandus 3336:Roscelin 3261:Boethius 3131:Archived 3084:Archived 2377:: 64–65. 1754:(2006), 1501:Volvelle 1475:See also 1410:, which 1374:Llull's 1127:and the 1037:Sorbonne 1006:Medieval 769:and the 691:Llull's 684:Llull's 540:Saracens 335:Catalan: 7000:Related 6788:Wojtyła 6768:Scheler 6713:Maistre 6703:Lombard 6688:Isidore 6668:Erasmus 6648:Clement 6613:Aquinas 6583:Abelard 6449:Scotism 6444:Thomism 6418:Schools 5617:Erasmus 5467:Thomism 5206:Orosius 5181:Ambrose 5096:Cyprian 5024:Didache 4978:Vulgate 4937:General 4856:Unicode 4852:Symbols 4777:Element 4762:Athanor 4757:Alembic 4750:Various 3992:Ge Hong 3628:Islamic 3419:Vitello 3377:century 3375:13–14th 3297:century 3295:11–12th 3070:(ed.). 3055:at the 3035:148354A 2865:Sources 2209:(1985). 1970:(1985). 1611:(1958). 1567:Lullius 1496:Lullism 1241:comitis 1001:Lullism 960:romance 844:Trinity 808:bonitas 624:Bologna 620:Aramaic 519:visions 477:Almohad 405:Occitan 389:Catalan 247:Lullism 53:Blessed 6991:Utopia 6783:Suárez 6773:Scotus 6758:Rahner 6748:Pascal 6738:Newman 6678:Ficino 6608:Anselm 6598:Alcuin 6464:Modern 6330:Ethics 5309:Alcuin 5191:Jerome 5086:Origen 4832:Takwin 4342:Modern 3929:Chymes 3554:Jewish 3286:Alcuin 3033: 2948: 2913: 2895:, and 2806:25–38. 2669:Azogue 2563:Press. 2420: 2273: 2250: 2185: 2109: 2082: 2033: 2013: 1988: 1889: 1861: 1833: 1803: 1765: 1724: 1563:Lulius 1390:, and 1270:. 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