981:"Despite 99% DNA similarity between humans and our nearest relative, chimpanzees, the locations of DNA swapping between chr</ref> omosomes, known as recombination hotspots, are almost entirely different. The surprising finding is reported in a paper published in Science by Oxford University statisticians and US and Dutch geneticists."
96:
Recombination hotspots do not seem to be solely caused by DNA sequence arrangements or chromosome structure. Alternatively, initiation sites of recombination hotspots can be coded for in the genome. Through the comparison of recombination between different mouse strains, locus Dsbc1 was identified as
84:
repeats: CGG-CCG, GAG-CTG, GAA-TTC, and GCN-NGC. These fragile sites are conserved in mammals and in yeast, suggesting that the instability is caused by something inherent to the molecular structure of DNA and is associated with DNA-repeat instability. These fragile sites are thought to form hairpin
133:
Homologous recombination is very frequent in RNA viruses. Recombination frequently occurs among very similar viruses, where crossover sites may occur anywhere across the genome, but after selection pressure these sites tend to localize in certain regions/hotspots. For example, in
Enteroviruses,
88:
Recombination hotspots are also thought to arise due to higher-order chromosome structure that make some areas of the chromosome more accessible to recombination than others. A double stranded-break initiation site was identified in mice and yeast, located at a common chromatin feature: the
71:
Recombination can also occur due to errors in DNA replication that lead to genomic rearrangements. These events are often associated with pathology. However, genomic rearrangement is also thought to be a driving force in evolutionary development as it gives rise to novel gene combinations.
58:
Meiotic recombination through crossing over is thought to be a mechanism by which a cell promotes correct segregation of homologous chromosomes and the repair of DNA damages. Crossing over requires a DNA double-stranded break followed by strand invasion of the homolog and subsequent repair.
121:, as observed in a range of different organisms. Transcription associated recombination appears to be due, at least in part, to the ability of transcription to open the DNA structure and enhance accessibility of DNA to exogenous chemicals and internal metabolites that cause recombinogenic
817:
Nikolaidis, Marios; Mimouli, Kalliopi; Kyriakopoulou, Zaharoula; Tsimpidis, Michail; Tsakogiannis, Dimitris; Markoulatos, Panayotis; Amoutzias, Grigoris D. (January 2019). "Large-scale genomic analysis reveals recurrent patterns of intertypic recombination in human enteroviruses".
63:. Linkage disequilibrium has identified more than 30,000 hotspots within the human genome. In humans, the average number of crossover recombination events per hotspot is one crossover per 1,300 meioses, and the most extreme hotspot has a crossover frequency of one per 110 meioses.
105:
in the Dsbc1 region, providing evidence of a non-random, genetic basis for recombination initiation sites in mice. Rapid evolution of the PRDM9 gene explains the observation that human and chimpanzees share few recombination hotspots, despite a high level of sequence identity.
97:
a locus that contributes to the specification of initiation sites in the genome in at least two recombination hotspot locations. Additional crossing over mapping located the Dsbc1 locus to the 12.2 to 16.7-Mb region of mouse chromosome 17, which contains the PRDM9 gene. The
134:
recombination hotspots have been identified at the 5'UTR-capsid region junction, and at the beginning of the P2 region. These two hotspots flank the P1 region that encodes for the capsid. In coronaviruses, the Spike genomic region is a recombination hotspot.
85:
structures on the lagging strand during replication from single-stranded DNA base-pairing with itself in the trinucleotide repeat region. These hairpin structures cause DNA breaks that lead to a higher frequency of recombination at these sites.
72:
Recombination hotspots may arise from the interaction of the following selective forces: the benefit of driving genetic diversity through genomic rearrangement coupled with selection acting to maintain favorable gene combinations.
608:"Recombinogenic effects of DNA-damaging agents are synergistically increased by transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. New insights into transcription-associated recombination"
38:
relative to a neutral expectation. The recombination rate within hotspots can be hundreds of times that of the surrounding region. Recombination hotspots result from higher
173:
Jeffreys AJ, Kauppi L, Neumann R (October 2001). "Intensely punctate meiotic recombination in the class II region of the major histocompatibility complex".
80:
DNA contains "fragile sites" within the sequence that are more prone to recombination. These fragile sites are associated with the following
50:
cells. This appellation can refer to recombination events resulting from the uneven distribution of programmed meiotic double-strand breaks.
861:
Nikolaidis, Marios; Markoulatos, Panayotis; Van de Peer, Yves; Oliver, Stephen G; Amoutzias, Grigorios D (2021-10-12). Hepp, Crystal (ed.).
863:"The neighborhood of the Spike gene is a hotspot for modular intertypic homologous and non-homologous recombination in Coronavirus genomes"
59:
Initiation sites for recombination are usually identified by mapping crossing over events through pedigree analysis or through analysis of
125:. These findings suggest that transcription-associated recombination may contribute significantly to recombination hotspot formation.
331:
Myers S, Spencer CC, Auton A, et al. (August 2006). "The distribution and causes of meiotic recombination in the human genome".
122:
218:"Initiation of meiotic homologous recombination: flexibility, impact of histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling"
1004:
507:"The strong ADH1 promoter stimulates mitotic and meiotic recombination at the ADE6 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe"
862:
375:
Aguilera, A.; Gomez-Gonzalez, B. (2008). "Genome
Instability: A Mechanistic View of Its Causes and Consequences".
102:
984:
114:
35:
118:
60:
153:
920:"Characterizing Transcriptional Regulatory Sequences in Coronaviruses and Their Role in Recombination"
81:
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198:
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Yang, Yiyan; Yan, Wei; Hall, A Brantley; Jiang, Xiaofang (2021-04-13). Rasmus, Nielsen (ed.).
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Auton, Adam; Fledel-Alon, Adi; Pfeifer, Susanne; Venn, Oliver; Ségurel, Laure (2012).
17:
998:
774:
759:"Random nature of coronavirus RNA recombination in the absence of selection pressure"
556:"Transcription enhances intrachromosomal homologous recombination in mammalian cells"
847:
404:
202:
434:
284:"Prdm9 Is a Major Determinant of Meiotic Recombination Hotspots in Humans and Mice"
623:
831:
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Gaillard H, Aguilera A (2016). "Transcription as a Threat to Genome
Integrity".
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Lichten, M.; Goldman, A. S. H. (1995). "Meiotic
Recombination Hotspots".
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344:
186:
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47:
43:
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Researchers find surprising difference between human and chimp genomes
31:
388:
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García-Rubio M, Huertas P, González-Barrera S, Aguilera A (2003).
98:
216:
Székvölgyi, Lóránt; Ohta, Kunihiro; Nicolas, Alain (2015-05-01).
458:"A fine-scale chimpanzee genetic map from population sequencing"
39:
700:
Simon-Loriere, Etienne; Holmes, Edward C. (August 2011).
117:
in functional regions of DNA is strongly stimulated by
42:
break formation in these regions, and apply to both
601:
599:
8:
985:What's so hot about recombination hotspots?
757:Banner, L. R.; Lai, M. M. (November 1991).
505:Grimm C, Schaer P, Munz P, Kohli J (1991).
370:
368:
366:
364:
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222:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
89:trimethylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (
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987:A primer on recombination hotspots by
110:Transcription associated recombination
812:
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669:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014908
7:
25:
282:Baudat, F.; et al. (2010).
924:Molecular Biology and Evolution
867:Molecular Biology and Evolution
702:"Why do RNA viruses recombine?"
34:that exhibit elevated rates of
435:10.1146/annurev.genet.29.1.423
1:
775:10.1016/0042-6822(91)90795-d
129:Viral recombination hotspots
832:10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.006
706:Nature Reviews Microbiology
234:10.1101/cshperspect.a016527
1021:
624:10.1093/genetics/165.2.457
423:Annual Review of Genetics
103:histone methyltransferase
115:Homologous recombination
474:10.1126/science.1216872
377:Nature Reviews Genetics
300:10.1126/science.1183439
936:10.1093/molbev/msaa281
879:10.1093/molbev/msab292
572:10.1128/mcb.12.12.5311
67:Genomic rearrangements
61:linkage disequilibrium
28:Recombination hotspots
18:Recombination hotspots
554:Nickoloff JA (1992).
154:Genetic recombination
54:Meiotic recombination
523:10.1128/mcb.11.1.289
718:10.1038/nrmicro2614
333:Biochem. Soc. Trans
1005:Molecular genetics
657:Annu. Rev. Biochem
345:10.1042/BST0340526
187:10.1038/ng1001-217
468:(6078): 193–198.
30:are regions in a
16:(Redirected from
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991:in PLoS Biology
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769:(1): 441–445.
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712:(8): 617–626.
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566:(12): 5311–8.
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228:(5): a016527.
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873:: msab292.
678:11441/78271
663:: 291–317.
123:DNA damages
429:: 423–44.
175:Nat. Genet
160:References
944:1537-1719
887:0737-4038
826:: 72–80.
783:0042-6822
726:1740-1526
242:1943-0264
149:Evolution
999:Category
989:Jody Hey
962:33146390
905:34638137
848:53115712
840:30366300
820:Virology
763:Virology
744:21725337
687:27023844
642:14573461
612:Genetics
492:22422862
405:14024154
397:18227811
353:16856851
318:20044539
260:25934010
203:23026001
195:11586303
144:Chi site
138:See also
953:7665640
896:8549283
801:1656597
792:7131166
735:3324781
633:1462770
590:1333040
541:1986226
483:3532813
462:Science
443:8825482
309:4295902
288:Science
251:4448624
91:H3K4me3
48:meiotic
44:mitotic
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32:genome
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199:S2CID
99:PRDM9
958:PMID
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238:ISSN
191:PMID
46:and
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40:DNA
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