Recall election - Knowledge

1085:(the seventh ballot), which requested a constitutional reform to end violence, narcoterrorism, corruption and increasing citizenship apathy. The definition of recall referendum in relation to programmatic vote was approved. It obliges candidates running for office to register a government plan which is later on considered to activate the recall. Since the time the mechanism was regulated by Law 134 in 1994, until 2015, 161 attempts led 41 referendums and none of them succeeded since the threshold of participation was not reached. In 2015, a new law (303/2015) reduced the number of signatures required to activate a recall referendum (from 40 per cent to 30 per cent of the total of votes obtained by the elected authority) and the threshold (dropping from the 50 per cent to the 40 per cent of valid votes on the day of the elections of the challenged authority). The change in the regulation, also quickening the registration of promoters, led to a considerable increase in the number of attempts. 2006: 1304: 2112:, specific grounds are required for a recall. Some form of malfeasance or misconduct while in office must be identified by the petitioners. The target may choose to dispute the validity of the grounds in court, and a court then judges whether the allegations in the petition rise to a level where a recall is necessary. Anna Louise Strong, member of the Seattle School board, was recalled from her position in 1918, apparently on grounds that she was supporting extreme labour positions. In the November 2010 general election, 433: 1439: 1331: 1358: 1466: 1796:: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1888. Since 1979, 600 signatures (3% of all adult citizens) have been required to trigger a recall referendum. In addition, recall of municipal executives and legislatives has been possible since 2011. Signatures of 10% of registered voters are required to trigger a recall referendum. There have been no recall attempts either at the cantonal or municipal levels. 50: 1277: 744: 372: 1223: 1493: 1385: 1412: 1250: 1778:: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1869. 6,000 signatures (3% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There has been one unsuccessful attempt to recall the executive and legislative in 1995 (related to a banking scandal). Three further attempts (in 1887, 1961 and 1973) failed to collect the necessary number of signatures. 1134:

authority, only one process of revocation of the mandate may be carried out. The revocation request must be supported by a number not less than ten percent of people registered in the corresponding electoral registry. In the case of the President of the Republic, the support of a number not less than fifteen percent of those registered in the electoral registry will be required.

1784:: Recall of the executive has been possible since 1892. 15,000 signatures (7% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There has been one unsuccessful recall attempt in 1942. In addition, recall of municipal executives has been possible since 2011. Signatures of 30% of all adult citizens are required to trigger a recall referendum. 2128:

replacement if the recall succeeds, are on the same ballot. In the 2003 California recall election, over 100 candidates appeared on the replacement portion of the ballot. In other states, a separate special election is held after the target is recalled, or a replacement is appointed by the Governor or some other state authority.

1817:(2007). The only successful recall so far happened in the Canton of Aargau in the year 1862. However, the possibility of recalling municipal executives was newly introduced in Ticino in 2011, with 59% of voters in favor, as a reaction to the perceived problem of squabbling and dysfunctional municipal governments. 1621:

The right to initiate a national referendum regarding recalling of the Saeima may not be exercised one year after the convening of the Saeima and one year before the end of the term of office of the Saeima, during the last six months of the term of office of the President, as well as earlier than six

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The 1914 election was fought primarily on the issues of the cost of living and the reform Government's handling of the 1913 strike. Other questions also unduly preoccupied the Labour candidates: constitutional matters, for example, such as proportional representation, the initiative, the abolition

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is found to have committed certain wrongdoings, including any that result in a custodial prison sentence. The petitions cannot be triggered by popular initiative. The subsequent recall petition is successful if signed by at least 10% of the electorate in the MPs constituency. Successful recall leads

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and the legislative referendum) was introduced into several cantonal constitutions after the 1860s in the course of a broad movement for democratic reform. The instrument has never been of any practical importance—the few attempts at recall so far have failed, usually because the required number of

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as soon as possible to fill the vacant seat. The recalled MLA is permitted to run in the by-election for their former seat. Twenty-six recall petitions have been launched as of 2020; of the six completed petitions returned to Elections BC, five were rejected for having too few valid signatures. The

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did not have the jurisdiction in entering an injunction against the Hamilton County Election Commission. In its judgment summary the Appeals Court said, "The trial court acted without jurisdiction in entering an injunction against the Election Commission. The judgment of the trial court is vacated

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When a number of voters equal to or greater than the number of those who elected the official vote in favour of the recall, provided that a number of voters equal to or greater than 25% of the total number of registered voters vote in the recall referendum, the official's mandate shall be deemed

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provides for a majority of electors in a district (who were electors of the district at the time of the original election) to sign a petition requesting a recall election. The recall election must not occur less than 6 months after the original election or a failed recall attempt. If the recall

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The minimum number of signatures to qualify a recall, and the time limit to do so, vary among the states. In addition, the handling of recalls, once they qualify, differs. In some states a recall triggers a simultaneous special election, where the vote on the recall, as well as the vote on the

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of 1787, proposed to pair recall with rotation in office and to apply these dual principles to the lower house of the national legislature. The recall was rejected by the Constitutional Convention. However, the anti-Federalists used the lack of recall provision as a weapon in the ratification

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People in enjoyment of political rights may revoke the mandate of popularly elected authorities. The request for revocation of the mandate may be submitted once the first and before the last year of the period for which the authority in question was elected. During the management period of an

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In 2020, the Government of Alberta announced it will introduce a bill allowing recall elections for Members of the Legislative Assembly, municipal governments, and school boards. This bill, Bill 52, was passed and received Royal Assent June 17, 2021, and came into effect on April 7, 2022.

1772:: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1876. 1,000 signatures (2% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There has been one unsuccessful attempt to recall the executive in 2000, triggered by the lawyer and cantonal MP Gerold Meier. 3136:, was scheduled for a recall election on May 17 of that year, after a successful petition drive (301,000 signatures). However, the Supreme Court of Arizona canceled the election, since Mecham had already been removed from office (via impeachment conviction) by the Senate on April 4. 3104:

Note: Wisconsin's Jim Holperin has the distinction of being the only U.S. politician to have been subjected to recall from service in two different legislative bodies: the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1990 and the Wisconsin State Senate in 2011. Both attempts were unsuccessful.

1766:: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1846. 30,000 signatures (4% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There has been one unsuccessful attempt to recall the executive in 1852 (the 'Schatzgelder' affair). 3463:

Once one-half of the term of office to which an official has been elected has elapsed, a number of voters representing at least 20% of the registered voters in the affected constituency may petition for the calling of a referendum to revoke that official's

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in 1992. Between 1997 and 2013, more than 5000 recall referendums were activated against democratically elected authorities from 747 Peruvian municipalities (45.5% of all municipalities). This makes Peru the world's most intensive user of this mechanism.

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and David Serotkin due to their support for a state income tax hike. Loss of these two Democratic lawmakers, along with two special elections won by Republicans, flipped the state senate to GOP control, where it remained until the 2022 Michigan

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can petition to have their Member of the Legislative Assembly removed from office once said MLA has been in office for at least 18 months. If over 40 percent of registered voters in the riding sign the petition and the petition is validated by

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If the majority of voters and at least two thirds of the number of the voters who participated in the last elections of the Saeima vote in the national referendum regarding recalling of the Saeima, then the Saeima shall be deemed

2124:. In the other eleven states that permit statewide recall, no grounds are required and recall petitions may be circulated for any reason. However, the target is permitted to submit responses to the stated reasons for recall. 2139:

In 2011, there were at least 150 recall elections in the United States. Of these, 75 officials were recalled, and nine officials resigned under threat of recall. Recalls were held in 17 states in 73 different jurisdictions.

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Article V of the Articles of Confederation provided, "a power reserved to each state, to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead, for the remainder of the

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Other elected officials can be recalled in elections by more than 1/4 of the total electors in the original electoral district, and where the number of votes consenting to the recall is more than that of dissenting.

5266: 1908:, and also passed by two-thirds of all the members. The final recall must be passed in a recall election by more than one-half of the valid ballots in a vote in which more than one-half of the electorate in the 1901: 3380:

left the House's majority caucus in a dispute over Johansen's role in the 27th Legislature. In 2012, Johansen ran for reelection as an independent and lost by a wide margin; Millett was reelected.

1790:: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1869. 20,000 signatures (13% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There have been no recall attempts. 1733:(village) councilors are potentially subject to recall. At least 15% of the electorate in a specific place must have their signatures verified in a petition in order for the recall to take place. 2223:

1988 recall of Arizona Governor Evan Mecham. Almost 390,000 signatures were collected to recall Governor Evan Mecham from the governorship of Arizona. Only 216,746 valid signatures were required.

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allows for the recall of local officials. The Local Government Code, as amended, enabled the application of the provisions of the constitution. Elected officials from provincial governors to the

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Welp, Yanina (2018) "Recall referendum around the world: origins, institutional designs and current debates", in Morel, Laurence & Qvortrup, Matt. Compendium on Direct Democracy. Routledge.

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2020 recall of Sebastian, Florida vice mayor Charles Mauti and city council members Damien Gilliams and Pamela Parris over allegations of malfeasance and alleged Sunshine Law violations.

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Geissel, Brigitte & Jung, Stefan. (2018). Recall in Germany: explaining the use of a local democratic innovation. Democratization. 25. 1358-1378. 10.1080/13510347.2017.1398735.

2844:; and Board Supervisors Penny Podell, LeAnn Launstein, David Jasenski, Kathy Arciszewski, James McGuigan, and Linda Ryan. All were recalled due to a retirement pension controversy. 2342: 2131:

The largest amount of recalls in the United States were held in 2021, as 529 officials faced recalls, but it had the lowest amount of successful recalls as only 25 were removed.

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had the most recalls (at least 30). The year set a record for number of state legislator recall elections (11 elections) beating the previous one-year high (three elections).

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vote is normally needed to start the recall process from the council. Four states also allow the direct recall, where citizens may sign a petition to trigger the recall vote.

2714:, mayor Billie Jo Smith and two City Council members over allegations of malfeasance, wrongful termination of city employees, and conducting city business at secret meetings 3294:

ruled that too many of the petition signatures were invalid and that the petitioners had failed to properly adhere to the state's recall law, leaving "pages without dates".

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Above the barangay level, there had been eight recall elections, of which at least 2 led to a successful recall of an incumbent; the most recent recall election was the

3398:, Mayor Mark Fitzgerald resigned under pressure from a recall effort, and a move to replace him was declared invalid, leaving the city with no mayor for several months. 305: 221: 5300: 4596: 3341:(R), were unsuccessful. Many senators had multiple recall petitions filed against them, and in the case of both Wirch and Hansen, one succeeded while others failed. 2653: 2058: 2724:

1996 recall of Carrollton Texas Mayor Gary Blanscet and council members Linda Caldwell, Bernis Francis, Stan Hampton, Bob Novinsky, Bert Colter, and Stan Sewell.

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Indirect (also known as a "Mixed" or "Top-down" recall): A recall may only be triggered by an official authority such as a government, parliament, or president.

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in 1997 was also declared unconstitutional and consequently eliminated from law. Despite these precedents, the recall was later included in the states of

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can be dismissed by referendum on petition of 1 Million citizens, with elections of a new Landtag to be held up to six weeks after the recall referendum.

4624: 3376:, rejected by the state's Division of Elections on October 10. Republicans in his district sponsored the recall when Johansen and fellow representative 2588: 2582: 1556:. All of these states only allow for the recall of the entire legislature by triggering a new election, the recall of individual members is not allowed. 400: 1560: 4531: 4313: 3214: 264: 1038: 3695: 1884:. Although allowable according to law, in practice the right of recall was never used in any soviet system of government, except for an attempt in 1113:. Although allowable according to law, in practice the right of recall was never used in any soviet system of government, except for an attempt in 5469: 3218: 1059: 3540:

WELP, Yanina. "Recall referendum around the world: origins, institutional designs and current debates", in Morel, Laurence & Qvortrup, Matt.

4720: 3203:, mayor of Boise, Idaho, was the subject of a recall petition drive. Coles resigned on February 14, 2003, before the recall drive could proceed. 3785: 3414: 3310: 2853: 1651: 5546: 5413: 4458: 4442: 4122:

Welp, Yanina (2016). "Recall referendums in Peruvian municipalities: A political weapon for bad losers or an instrument of accountability?".

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was the first to introduce the recall in 1938. The mechanism, which had never been used, was declared unconstitutional 72 years later by the

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The scheduling of a recall outside of normal elections means large additional expenses to run an extra election (or two). For example, the

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Direct (also known as a "Full" or "Bottom-up" recall): A recall may be triggered by the public directly by the collection of signatures.

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The recall referendum arrived in Latin America shortly after its introduction at the US subnational level, in 1923 and 1933, to

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in December 1910; Gill was removed by a recall election the following February, but voters returned him to the office in 1914

1940: 1904:, the recall of the president or the vice president shall be initiated upon the proposal of one-fourth of all members of the 1080: 1076: 670: 660: 393: 181: 166: 1885: 1114: 911: 5308: 5249: 5216: 3125:

was the subject of an unsuccessful recall effort. Courts ruled that a federal official is not subject to state recall laws.

1844:, and he is liable to be recalled at any time in the manner established by law upon decision of a majority of the electors. 5685: 5330: 4028: 3851: 3578: 3468:

revoked and immediate action shall be taken to fill the permanent vacancy as provided for by this Constitution and by law.

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Mayor and four of the eight city councilmembers were the subject of unsuccessful recall initiatives spearheaded by a local

3247: 1975: 1576: 821:. Even where they are legally available, recall elections are only commonly held in a small number of countries including 681: 5072: 4016:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327748229_Recall_in_Germany_explaining_the_use_of_a_local_democratic_innovation

2520:, city councilwoman Diane Polangin, over her vote to approve a controversial development project located in her district 2460: 2182: 1614:: Not less than one tenth of electors has the right to initiate a national referendum regarding recalling of the Saeima. 1126: 939: 931: 4517: 3994: 3523:

Curitiba, 2004. 146 f. Monografia (Graduação em Direito) - Setor de Ciências Jurídicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

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Serdült, Uwe (2015). "The History of a Dormant Institution: Legal Norms and the Practice of Recall in Switzerland".

4109: 1943:, voters can achieve a recall election of an elected deputy or mayor if as many signatures as voters are collected. 1101:

in which all members of representative bodies of state power are subject to recall by the masses. As a principle of

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Labour's Path to Political Independence: Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900-19

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enables the recall of any elected representative, including the President. This provision was used in the

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Some recall elections have different rules than normal elections, requiring voter education and outreach.

714: 216: 136: 104: 4377: 1165:. In a majority of these states recall elections are indirect, meaning that they only take place after a 4384: 3302: 3229: 3159: 3115: 2941: 2538: 2491: 2299: 2171: 554: 549: 282: 206: 201: 186: 176: 151: 131: 116: 5610: 5020: 4864:"Maine election results: Old Orchard recalls 6 councilors, Rockland-area, Auburn reject school budgets" 4158: 3751: 3391:. On March 16, 2012, Galloway announced her resignation from office due to health issues in her family. 3149: 2120:

to amend the state constitution to allow a recall of the state's governor, in light of former Governor

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Bill C 269, the Recall Act (An Act to establish the right of electors to recall members of Parliament.)

935: 328: 4518:"The Recall Elections Blog: The Year in Recalls -- 151 Recalls in 2011 (edited to add another recall)" 4352: 4321: 5274: 4957: 3526: 3486: 3345: 3269: 3064: 2770: 2766: 2760: 2756: 2674: 2167: 2089: 2034: 1970: 1553: 1363: 1094: 655: 244: 156: 141: 91: 71: 2025:

in 1631. This version of the recall involved one elected body removing another official. During the

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The processes for recall elections vary greatly by country and can be originated in different ways.

5722:"Committee to recall Mayor Mack fails to collect 9,860 needed signatures to force special election" 3362: 3210: 3071: 3052: 2907: 2798: 2788: 2477: 2240: 2026: 1775: 1021:. The legislation was repealed after a petition was introduced for the recall of Aberhart himself. 959: 955: 927: 814: 466: 146: 66: 5004:

James, Michael S. (July 22, 1994). "River Vale Recall Vote Offers Two Slates Split by 911 Issue".

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cost taxpayers an additional $ 300 million for an election that the governor won 61.9% to 38.1%.

818: 758: 584: 452: 300: 86: 76: 4434: 4428: 432: 2037:. According to New York Delegate John Lansing, the power was never exercised by any state. The 1805:

signatures was not collected—and it was abolished in the course of constitutional revisions in

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and the complaint dismissed." Mayor Littlefield is continuing legal action to stop the recall.

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was ended after organizers did not obtain enough petition signatures to appear on the ballot.

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The possibility of recall referendums (together with the popular election of executives, the

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https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/pioneerlife/id/29098/rec/10

4253: 4212: 4131: 4051: 3937: 3922: 3518: 3421: 3377: 3262: 2910: 2876: 2869: 2824: 2731:, elected city officials including Mayor Pro Tem Scott Cosper and four city council members. 2684: 2319: 1905: 1857: 1841: 1840:

It is the duty of every deputy to report to his electors on his work and on the work of the

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provinces, respectively, both in Argentina. There, recall exists at the provincial level in

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in 1991. The constitutional replacement was launched as an answer to the movement known as

5832: 5808: 5671: 5253: 4788: 4750: 4568:"California's 1st judicial recall in 86 years to come before voters in Santa Clara County" 4317: 4069: 3680: 3472:

The 2004 recall referendum failed with 59.25% voting against removing Chavez from office.

3280: 3225: 3081: 3015: 3003: 2955: 2898: 2742: 2738:, city council members Jan Pate and Ken Ferrara for conduct unbecoming of a council member 2619: 2563: 2559: 2517: 1861: 1106: 923: 748: 730: 705: 627: 457: 376: 323: 5502: 4764: 1833:

gave the right in theory to recall deputies in legislatures at all levels of government:

5582: 946:(1991); other provinces include it for their municipalities, namely, Entre Ríos (1933), 5390: 3450: 3395: 3326: 3322: 3200: 2945: 2841: 2728: 2711: 2576: 2346: 2217: 2214: 1763: 1675: 1591:

election is successful another election to fill the seat must be held within 3 months.

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and the member in question that the member has been recalled and their seat vacated. A

919: 810: 579: 544: 476: 254: 5649: 4813:"Iowa Voters Oust Conspiracy Theorist From County Elections Post - Iowa Starting Line" 4789:"Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series, Corrected List of Mayors, 1867-1996" 4430:

High Crimes and Misdemeanors : The Term and Trials of Former Governor Evan Mecham

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Recall referendum around the world: origins, institutional designs and current debates

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enacted recall legislation for Members of the Legislative Assembly in 1936 during the

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The president, vice president, members of Congress, and the elected officials of the

1444: 1174: 1067:, was halted after Reitsma resigned in 1998 during the secondary verification stage. 991: 594: 506: 4241:"The Development and Practice on the Right of Recall in the Soviet Union since 1917" 3816: 2745:, city council member La'shadion Shemwell for conduct unbecoming of a council member 5105: 3388: 3366: 3251: 3118: 3094: 3085: 3027: 3021: 3009: 2916: 2857: 2827: 2657: 2464: 2409: 2359: 2310: 2270: 2159: 2151: 2105: 2054: 2050: 1982: 1881: 1830: 1769: 1282: 1064: 1047: 963: 569: 353: 5173: 4567: 4216: 4135: 3941: 3923:"Playing by the rules of the game: Partisan use of recall referendums in Colombia" 2021:

Recall first appeared in Colonial America in the laws of the General Court of the

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There are no recall procedures for other elected officials in the United Kingdom.

1860:, similar recall provisions have been widely copied in the constitutions of other 1105:, similar recall provisions have been included in the constitutions of many other 4073: 3896: 3224:

2009 a petition failed to garner sufficient signatures to oblige an election for

5246: 5223: 3843: 3348: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3314: 3273: 3258: 3240: 3140: 3129: 2951: 2935: 2925: 2863: 2735: 2636:: Mayor Walter Jones, Councilwoman Patricia Geier, and Councilman Bernard Salmon 2385:

2012 recall of Melinda Myers, Clerk & Recorder of Saguache County, Colorado.

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City Council members Don Bankhead, F. Richard "Dick" Jones and Patrick McKinley.

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months after the previous national referendum regarding recalling of the Saeima.

1545: 1228: 1055: 447: 59: 17: 3872:"Alberta government plans to table recall legislation for MLAs, local councils" 2817:

1977 recall of five members of the La Crosse School Board, La Crosse, Wisconsin

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city councilwoman, likewise failed to gain the requisite number of signatures.

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As such, no nation-wide recall statute exists, but two provinces, Alberta and

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Jankovsky, Peter (22 March 2011). "Der Versuch, eine Exekutive zu stoppen".

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While recalls are not provided for at the federal level in Switzerland, six

1711: 1671: 1498: 889:, resulting in much lower voter turnout than regularly-scheduled elections. 511: 358: 5053:"East Cleveland mayor, City Council president recalled in special election" 2339:, city council members Chris Krohn and Drew Glover for workplace misconduct 4335: 3355: 2419: 2141: 2113: 1730: 1667: 1390: 599: 424: 4625:"Democrats lose California state senate supermajority after recall vote" 3637:. et al. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. 3217:, was determined to be not subject to recall because of his status as a 5790: 4055: 3133: 2345:

of San Francisco Unified School District Commissioners Gabriela López,

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Direct vote to replace an elected official before the end of their term

5441:"Elections Roundup: Incumbents Fare Well in Boston, Detroit and Flint" 4746:"Jeffco voters choose recall; incumbents losing in DougCo school race" 4721:"John Morse, Angela Giron ousted in historic Colorado recall election" 3354:

2011, a petition to recall Idaho Superintendent of Public Instruction

5025: 3969:. Critical currents in Latin American perspective. pp. 103–104. 3406: 3358:

failed to obtain the necessary signatures to force a recall election.

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https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/36-2/bill/C-269/first-reading/

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Article 105 of the Constitution of Ecuador (translated from Spanish)

5613:", by Jennifer Case (October 4, 1992 - retrieved on June 19, 2011). 4475:"Statement by Anna Louise Strong regarding the proposed recall..." 4405: 3696:"Here's how much the failed Newsom recall election cost California" 3169:, in response to the then-ongoing California budgetary crisis. The 2033:

stipulated that state legislatures might recall delegates from the

1037:, enacted in 1995, provides a process for recalling members of the 4330: 4029:"REPORT ON THE RECALL OF MAYORS AND LOCAL ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES" 3579:"REPORT ON THE RECALL OF MAYORS AND LOCAL ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES" 3122: 2981: 2155: 2081:, but he was impeached and convicted before it got on the ballot. 1869: 1255: 1154: 974:

An attempt at introducing recall legislation for Canada's federal

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People's Power: Cuba's Experience with Representative Government

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1982 recall of Grant County, Wisconsin Judge William L. Reinecke

2678: 2073:. Additionally, in 1988, a recall was approved against Governor 1627:

The electors may not recall any individual member of the Saeima.

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ruled in November that the Hamilton County Circuit Court Judge

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1977 recall of County Judge Archie Simonson, Madison, Wisconsin

5623:"Charged With Getting Free Olympics Trip, Boise Mayor Resigns" 4493: 2049:

Only two governors have ever been recalled. In 1921, Governor

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on 26 March 2015 after being introduced on 11 September 2014.

805:, voters can remove an elected official from office through a 5805:"Mayor and city council recall, Norman, Oklahoma (2020-2021)" 5470:"California Gov. Gavin Newsom stays in power as recall fails" 4719:

Lynn Barels, Kurtis Lee and Joey Bunch (September 10, 2013).

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European commission for democracy through law (4 July 2019).

3409:, was the subject of a recall petition due to her support of 990:. However, the legislation stalled and did not progress past 4953:"Adams Township supervisor, clerk ousted in recall election" 4272:"Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act" 4098:

of the country quota, the referendum, and the recall of MPs.

4714: 4712: 3543:

The Routledge Handbook to Referendums and Direct Democracy

3521:

O direito de revogação do mandato político representativo.

5664:"Appeal Court Rules For Recall Group In Littlefield Case" 4923:"RECALLED: Troy Mayor Janice Daniels Voted Out of Office" 3720:"Gavin Newsom recall, Governor of California (2019-2021)" 2820:

1992 recall of four members of the La Crosse School Board

4893:"Woolfley wins big in Bowie District 2 special election" 4692:"Councilwoman Catherine Alvarez recalled in a landslide" 4532:"Ex-mayor reimburses North Pole over contested election" 3995:"Report on the Imperative Mandate and Similar Practices" 3786:"Citizens need power to recall politicians, expert says" 2503:

2013 recall of six of the seven city council members in

1075:

In Colombia, the recall referendum was included by the

3246:

2010 there were two unsuccessful recall petitions for

2059:

recalled during a dispute about state-owned industries

5767:"State Sen. Galloway to resign, leaving Senate split" 5354:"A judge haunted by five ill-chosen words about a..." 5686:"Report: Effort to recall Michigan governor fizzles" 5152:"La'Shadion Shemwell recall, McKinney, Texas (2020)" 4648:"Voting majority recalls Santa Cruz city councilmen" 3268:

2010 there was one unsuccessful recall petition for

3257:

2010 there was one unsuccessful recall petition for

2804:

2014 recall of Mayor Marilynn Lynn of Bridgeport, WA

5826:

Chávez Ratificado Con el 58 Por Ciento de los votos

5468:Ronayne, Kathleen; Blood, Michael R. (2021-09-14). 4946: 4944: 4670:"Alan Lee recall, Big Bear Lake, California (2022)" 2673:2016 recall of Mayor and City Council President in 5642:"Judge Rules For Mayor Littlefield In Recall Case" 4561: 4559: 4540:. Associated Press. March 11, 2001. Archived from 4239: 3765:"Bill C-269 (Historical) | openparliament.ca" 1931:. 939,090 votes within 969,259 agreed the recall. 1698:Recall regulations were introduced in Peru by the 5256:, Wisconsin Constitution Article XIII, section 12 3157:effort that came about as a result of a piece by 3109:Unsuccessful attempts to qualify recall elections 2703:2008 recall of Carmen Kontur-Gronquist, Mayor of 2174:). The largest municipality to hold a recall was 1969:which mandates a recall petition to be held if a 5740:"Recall application rejected," October 11, 2011" 4980:"86% of voters vote to recall Two Harbors mayor" 4327:Poroshenko responds to petition on recalling MPs 4078:. EBL ebooks online. Auckland University Press. 2888:1932 recall election of Wisconsin State Senator 2147:Three jurisdictions adopted the recall in 2011. 5611:Valley College: Wilson Recall Campaign Started 5171:Burton J. Hendrick, "The 'Recall' in Seattle', 5061:, December 6, 2016. (accessed 13 December 2016) 3811: 3809: 3807: 2836:, elected county officials including Executive 1835: 1131: 1129:provides for recall of all elected officials: 5703:"Tom Luna reacts to failure of recall efforts" 5631:, February 15, 2003. Accessed 8 November 2015. 4754:, November 3, 2015. (accessed 8 November 2015) 4489:"Recall elections hit a historic high in 2021" 4433:. New York: William Morrow & Co. pp. 4276:Laws and Regulations Database of Taiwan, R.O.C 3361:2011, an attempt to prompt recall election of 3870:Bellefontaine, Michelle (February 25, 2020). 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3041:2012 recall of Wisconsin Lieutenant Governor 2569:2011 recall of Michigan State Representative 2414:2015 recall of three school board members in 875:2021 California Gubernatorial recall election 766: 394: 8: 5199:'La Crosse removes 4 School Board members,' 5073:"Cornelius voters oust 'Team 3' from office" 4512: 4510: 4508: 1745:2015 Puerto Princesa mayoral recall election 5495:"July 19, August 16, 2011 Recall Elections" 5021:"Controversial mayor ousted in recall vote" 4842:"Port Allen Mayor Deedy Slaughter recalled" 3921:Welp, Yanina; Milanese, Juan Pablo (2018). 3372:2011 recall of Alaska State Representative 2915:1990 recall of Wisconsin State Assemblyman 2587:2023 recall of Mark Nichols, Supervisor of 1638:2022 Mexican presidential recall referendum 5529:Albertsons Library, Boise State University 5301:"Wisconsin June 5 recall election results" 4378:"Recall of MPs Act 2015 - Legislation PDF" 3844:"Our Referendums are not Direct Democracy" 1607:, though not of specific representatives: 1050:, the Chief Electoral Officer informs the 773: 759: 412: 401: 387: 29: 5414:"Flint Mayor Weaver wins recall election" 5211: 5209: 5186:'Recall vote removed five in La Crosse,' 4336:What the new Local Elections Law changed? 3988: 3986: 2581:2023 recall of Stephanie Scott, Clerk of 2490:2013 recall of Deedy Slaughter, Mayor of 1706:) which drafted a new constitution after 2840:(resigned before election); Board Chair 2575:2012 recall of Janice Daniels, mayor of 2004: 1179: 1039:Legislative Assembly of British Columbia 986:through a private members bill entitled 833:. They are considered by groups such as 3556: 3430:in response to people of color speaking 3279:2010, a recall proposal aimed at mayor 3057:2012 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 3026:2011 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 3020:2011 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 3014:2011 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 3008:2011 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 3002:2011 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 2996:2011 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 2990:2011 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 2875:2012 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 2862:2011 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 2847:2003 recall of Wisconsin State Senator 2550:1983 recall of Michigan state senators 2375:, city council member Catherine Alvarez 2009:Submitting petitions for the recall of 1902:Additional Articles of the Constitution 1181:Process of recalling mayors in Germany 1060:Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia 423: 40: 5492:The Milwaukee Journal, April 4, 1990; 5412:Gerstein, Michael (November 8, 2017). 4501:from the original on January 13, 2022. 4353:"Bill stages — Recall of MPs Act 2015" 4181: 4179: 3676: 3666: 3536:Recall elections in the United Kingdom 3531:The right of recall elected officials. 3449:, which attempted to remove President 3415:2019 Oregon Senate Republican walkouts 3311:2011 Wisconsin Senate recall elections 3215:Louisiana's 2nd congressional district 3173:campaign also intended to recall then- 1652:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation 801:) is a procedure by which, in certain 4404:Joshua Spivak, History News Network, 2696:2011 recall of Neal Knight, Mayor of 2683:2010 recall of Jane Murray, Mayor of 1850:1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union 7: 5071:Fuller, Kathy (September 30, 2011). 4690:Dominguez, Alex (January 31, 2023). 4597:"Judge Persky likely to be recalled" 3646: 3644: 3621: 3619: 2199:1998 recall of Tim Peters, mayor of 2122:Rod Blagojevich's corruption scandal 1727:1987 constitution of the Philippines 1654:. A similar mechanism introduced in 885:Many recall elections take place in 5648:. September 7, 2010. Archived from 5277:. February 21, 2012. Archived from 4566:Kaplan, Tracey (February 6, 2018). 3067:City Council President Audrey Kader 1842:Soviet of Working People's Deputies 1690:included support for "the recall". 1198:Turnout requirement of recall vote 1052:Speaker of the Legislative Assembly 5670:. November 3, 2011. Archived from 5523:Stearn, R. Gwenn (17 March 2006). 5363:from the original on June 12, 2018 5352:Jones, Richard P. (May 11, 1982). 4744:Aguilar, John and Yesenia Robles. 4646:York, Jessica A. (March 3, 2020). 4044:"Revocación del mandato en México" 3694:SFGATE, Joshua Bote (2021-09-15). 2332:over his vote to raise the gas tax 1910:free area of the Republic of China 1704:Congreso Constituyente Democrático 1169:from the municipal council of the 25: 5765:Patrick Marley (March 16, 2012). 5566:Cliff, Matt (November 18, 1992). 5555:. April 13, 1988. pp. A20:1. 5381:Holmes, Mike (January 26, 2011). 4891:McNamara, John (March 12, 2018). 4465:. April 13, 1988. pp. A20:1. 3447:2004 Venezuelan recall referendum 3432:at a public City Council meeting. 2942:San Jose, California City Council 2932:Michigan House of Representatives 2537:2015 recall of four selectmen in 2150:Of recall elections, 52 were for 1603:enables the recall of the entire 1157:may be recalled in 11 out of the 1110: 813:has ended. Recalls appear in the 5568:"Group asks for Wilson's recall" 5033:from the original on Nov 8, 2020 4406:http://hnn.us/articles/1660.html 4357:Parliament of the United Kingdom 4159:"Fast Facts: The recall process" 3369:failed to obtain enough support. 2589:Adams Township, Hillsdale County 2583:Adams Township, Hillsdale County 2317:over his sentencing decision in 2250:1932 recalls of three judges in 2181:The busiest day was November 8 ( 1967:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1491: 1464: 1437: 1410: 1383: 1356: 1329: 1302: 1275: 1248: 1221: 837:as the most rarely used form of 742: 431: 370: 349:List of direct democracy parties 48: 5499:Government Accountability Board 5019:Pries, Allison (Jan 29, 2019). 4595:Kaplan, Tracey (June 5, 2018). 4311:Local vote, global implications 4042:Limón, Walter (November 2016). 3147:was targeted for recall by the 2872:, Mayor of Sheboygan, Wisconsin 2442:2011 recall of Natacha Seijas, 2357:San Francisco District Attorney 1700:Democratic Constituent Congress 1001:have recall laws on the books. 978:was brought in October 1999 by 962:(1987). It is also included in 835:ACE Electoral Knowledge Network 5307:. June 6, 2012. Archived from 4811:Rushing, Ty (30 August 2023). 3287:, failed after a judge of the 2368:, city council member Alan Lee 2071:recalled over the state budget 2041:, issued at the outset of the 1987:The UK’s first recall petition 1959:Recall of MPs Act 2015 (c. 25) 1941:2015 Ukrainian local elections 1929:the first mayor to be recalled 1740:cannot be removed via recall. 926:(1994), Córdoba (1923, 1987), 857:This can be done in two ways: 1: 4951:Murray, Corey (May 2, 2023). 4340:Ukrainian Crisis Media Center 4217:10.1080/00344893.2015.1056219 4157:Bueza, Michael (2014-10-14). 4136:10.1080/13510347.2015.1060222 3942:10.1080/13510347.2017.1421176 3852:Canadian Parliamentary Review 1577:Right to Recall laws in India 1559:Article 18, Section 3 of the 1528:The recall of members of the 1063:sixth, on the recall of MLA 5821:Consejo Nacional Electoral. 3626:Beramendi, Virginia (2008). 2632:1994 recall of officials in 2268:California State Assemblyman 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1127:2008 Constitution of Ecuador 5596:– via Titan Yearbook. 5331:"Recall of State Officials" 5177:, October 1911, p. 647–663. 4427:Watkins, Ronald J. (1990). 4290:"韓國瑜12日前解職9/12前補選政院將派代理市長" 3413:which also resulted in the 2856:of Wisconsin State Senator 2834:Milwaukee County, Wisconsin 605:Right to stand for election 295:History of direct democracy 5878: 5772:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 5305:Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel 5132:. May 8, 2019. pp. 5A 4765:"Election Results Archive" 3993:Venice Commission (2009). 3546:. London: Routledge, 2018. 3344:2011, an effort to recall 3299:Tennessee Court of Appeals 3289:Hamilton County, Tennessee 2437:Miami-Dade County, Florida 2233:1913 recall of a judge in 2176:Miami-Dade County, Florida 1950: 1635: 1574: 1563:provides, that the entire 5525:"Frank Church Chronology" 4238:Siekmann, Robert (1977). 4048:C2D Working Papers Series 3443:Constitution of Venezuela 3226:recall of Eddie Price III 2534:Mayor William A. Flanagan 2532:Fall River, Massachusetts 2366:Big Bear Lake, California 2307:California superior court 2277:California State Assembly 2031:Articles of Confederation 1919:On 6 June 2020, mayor of 1865: 1532:of Germany exist in five 1516: 1208:(percentage of citizens) 1197: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1041:. Voters in a provincial 1035:Recall and Initiative Act 5383:"Suttle survives recall" 2923:California State Senator 2832:2002 recall of multiple 2727:2011 recall of multiple 2662:Governor of North Dakota 2643:, mayor William Laforet. 2505:Old Orchard Beach, Maine 2327:California State Senator 2023:Massachusetts Bay Colony 1688:New Zealand Labour Party 1588:Constitution of Kiribati 1111:that of the Soviet Union 5787:"Loveland Has No Mayor" 5708:The Idaho Press-Tribune 5127:"The Cherokeean Herald" 4769:www.voteindianriver.com 4258:10.1163/157303577X00336 4246:Review of Socialist Law 3897:"Recall and Initiative" 3492:Motion of no confidence 3261:city council member of 2825:Wisconsin State Senator 2262:Los Angeles, California 2245:Los Angeles, California 2043:Philadelphia Convention 1880:, and countries in the 1561:Constitution of Bavaria 1200:(Percentage of Voters) 1167:motion of no confidence 809:before that official's 344:Participatory budgeting 5203:July 15, 1992, pg. A13 5190:August 3, 1977, pg. 7A 4627:. Fox News. 2018-06-06 4605:. San Jose, California 4576:. San Jose, California 3565:Constitution of Athens 3411:Oregon House Bill 2020 3285:Chattanooga, Tennessee 3153:campaign, which was a 3099:Governor of California 3035:of Wisconsin Governor 2976:Ridgefield, New Jersey 2634:River Vale, New Jersey 2337:Santa Cruz, California 2294:Governor of California 2018: 1953:Recall of MPs Act 2015 1854: 1686:Early policies of the 1601:Constitution of Latvia 1337:North Rhine-Westphalia 1310:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1142: 922:(introduced in 1957), 671:Next general elections 105:Referendums by country 5535:on February 10, 2009. 5188:Racine Journal Times, 4840:(November 16, 2013). 4650:. Santa Cruz Sentinel 4385:The Stationery Office 3963:Roman, Peter (2003). 3309:2011, as part of the 3230:Mandeville, Louisiana 3160:San Jose Mercury News 3116:United States Senator 2970:2010 recall of Mayor 2960:2010 recall of Mayor 2539:Saugus, Massachusetts 2492:Port Allen, Louisiana 2480:Auditor David Whipple 2300:Fullerton, California 2256:1938 recall of Mayor 2247:, City Council member 2215:Arizona State Senator 2172:York County, Nebraska 2008: 1212:Municipal councilors 799:representative recall 555:Boundary delimitation 277:Referendums by method 5668:www.chattanoogan.com 5581:(43). Archived from 5281:on February 25, 2012 4958:Hillsdale Daily News 4897:The Bowie Blade-News 4544:on December 26, 2013 4497:. January 10, 2021. 4189:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 3527:Brazilian Portuguese 3519:SANTANA, Alexander. 3487:Legislative referral 3270:Antonio Villaraigosa 3237:recall of Stacy Head 3235:2009 a petition for 3065:La Crosse, Wisconsin 2883:Unsuccessful recalls 2771:Portsmouth, Virginia 2761:Portsmouth, Virginia 2349:, and Faauuga Moliga 2168:prosecuting attorney 2166:, and one was for a 2061:. In 2003, Governor 2035:Continental Congress 1971:Member of Parliament 1554:Rhineland-Palatinate 1364:Rhineland-Palatinate 1125:Article 105 of the 656:Elections by country 234:Referendums by issue 92:Mandatory referendum 72:Legislative referral 5831:27 May 2010 at the 4984:Duluth News Tribune 4027:Venice Commission. 3842:Rowat, Don (1998). 3363:Trenton, New Jersey 3211:U.S. representative 3072:Port Orford, Oregon 3053:Scott L. Fitzgerald 2908:San Francisco Mayor 2897:of Cleveland Mayor 2799:Spokane, Washington 2789:Seattle, Washington 2604:mayor Chris Swanson 2241:Lester R. Rice-Wray 2027:American Revolution 2011:Seattle, Washington 1900:, according to the 1862:communist countries 1825:Article 142 of The 1182: 1107:communist countries 1082:la séptima papeleta 1033:British Columbia's 940:Santiago del Estero 853:Initiating a recall 749:Politics portal 377:Politics portal 67:Optional referendum 5811:. August 24, 2021. 5793:. August 18, 2017. 5628:The New York Times 5552:The New York Times 5449:. November 7, 2017 5446:The New York Times 5387:Omaha World-Herald 5252:2006-12-09 at the 5201:Milwaukee Journal, 4929:. November 7, 2012 4817:Iowa Starting Line 4696:The Downey Patriot 4463:The New York Times 4342:(8 September 2014) 4316:2015-10-04 at the 4056:10.5167/uzh-127823 3823:. 13 December 2016 3635:International IDEA 3628:"Direct Democracy" 3502:Popular referendum 3441:Article 72 of the 3428:White nationalists 3303:Jeff Hollingsworth 2966:North Pole, Alaska 2641:Mahwah, New Jersey 2373:Downey, California 2315:Santa Clara County 2201:North Pole, Alaska 2189:Successful recalls 2019: 1989:occurred in 2018. 1978:to fill the seat. 1864:, including those 1856:As a principle of 1725:Article 10 of the 1599:Article 14 of the 1586:Section 69 of the 1472:Schleswig-Holstein 1180: 1099:socialist republic 982:opposition member 819:Athenian democracy 329:Citizens' assembly 301:Athenian democracy 87:Popular referendum 77:Popular initiative 5857:Right to petition 5835:, 16 August 2004. 5746:on April 18, 2012 5607:Los Angeles Times 5006:The Bergen Record 4903:on March 13, 2018 4869:Bangor Daily News 4537:Peninsula Clarion 4444:978-0-688-09051-7 4333:(16 October 2015) 4110:Proposed platform 3976:978-0-7425-2565-8 3901:Elections Alberta 3529:) English Title: 3497:Off-year election 3346:Michigan Governor 3186:President Pro Tem 3074:Mayor Jim Aubornn 3043:Rebecca Kleefisch 2972:Anthony R. Suarez 2705:Arlington, Oregon 2698:Cornelius, Oregon 2444:Miami-Dade County 2164:state legislators 1981:The Act received 1939:A year after the 1827:1936 Constitution 1530:state parliaments 1524:State parliaments 1521: 1520: 1195:Requires either: 1058:is called by the 964:Buenos Aires City 791:recall referendum 783: 782: 701:Election security 684:elections in 2024 638:Electoral systems 565:Electoral college 535:Anonymous elector 411: 410: 82:Recall referendum 16:(Redirected from 5869: 5852:Recall elections 5836: 5824: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5762: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5742:. Archived from 5732: 5726: 5725: 5718: 5712: 5705:, Bryan Dooley, 5700: 5694: 5693: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5646:chattanoogan.com 5638: 5632: 5620: 5614: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5587: 5572: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5531:. Archived from 5520: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5501:. Archived from 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5474:Associated Press 5465: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5419:The Detroit News 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5389:. Archived from 5378: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5341:on July 8, 2011. 5337:. Archived from 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5263: 5257: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5234: 5228: 5222:. Archived from 5221: 5213: 5204: 5197: 5191: 5184: 5178: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5131: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5104:. Archived from 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5068: 5062: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4948: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4899:. Archived from 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4761: 4755: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4716: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4602:The Mercury News 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4573:The Mercury News 4563: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4514: 4503: 4502: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4424: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4382: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4349: 4343: 4324:(1 October 2015) 4322:Business Ukraine 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4243: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4183: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4130:(7): 1162–1179. 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4070:Gustafson, Barry 4066: 4060: 4059: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3990: 3981: 3980: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3936:(8): 1379–1396. 3927: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3848: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3813: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3792:. March 21, 2013 3782: 3769: 3768: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3678: 3674: 3672: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3648: 3639: 3638: 3632: 3623: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3574: 3568: 3561: 3431: 3422:Norman, Oklahoma 3378:Charisse Millett 3263:Fort Collins, CO 2911:Dianne Feinstein 2877:Van H. Wanggaard 2685:Portsmouth, Ohio 2416:Jefferson County 2320:People v. Turner 1906:Legislative Yuan 1858:soviet democracy 1852: 1708:Alberto Fujimori 1648:State of Yucatán 1497: 1495: 1494: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1389: 1387: 1386: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1254: 1252: 1251: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1183: 1140: 1103:soviet democracy 1095:its constitution 1029:British Columbia 1019:William Aberhart 1009:The province of 999:British Columbia 944:Tierra del Fuego 839:direct democracy 775: 768: 761: 747: 746: 726:Election science 721:Electoral reform 575:Election silence 560:Crossover voting 517:Two-round system 435: 413: 403: 396: 389: 375: 374: 334:Popular assembly 60:Referendum types 52: 42:Direct democracy 30: 21: 18:Recall elections 5877: 5876: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5866: 5862:Ballot measures 5842: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5833:Wayback Machine 5822: 5820: 5816: 5809:ballotpedia.org 5803: 5802: 5798: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5749: 5747: 5734: 5733: 5729: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5711:, June 28, 2011 5701: 5697: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5621: 5617: 5605: 5601: 5591: 5589: 5585: 5570: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5522: 5521: 5517: 5508: 5506: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5478: 5476: 5467: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5366: 5364: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5311:on June 6, 2012 5299: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5271:Sheboygan Press 5265: 5264: 5260: 5254:Wayback Machine 5245: 5241: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5207: 5198: 5194: 5185: 5181: 5170: 5166: 5157: 5155: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5111: 5109: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5077:Hillsboro Argus 5070: 5069: 5065: 5050: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4989: 4987: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4963: 4961: 4950: 4949: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4872:. June 11, 2013 4862: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4773: 4771: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4751:The Denver Post 4743: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4718: 4717: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4675: 4673: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4565: 4564: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4515: 4506: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4474: 4470: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4445: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4359: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4334: 4325: 4318:Wayback Machine 4309: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4124:Democratization 4121: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3930:Democratization 3925: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3905: 3903: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3815: 3814: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3784: 3783: 3772: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3728: 3726: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3704: 3702: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3675: 3665: 3659: 3657: 3650: 3649: 3642: 3630: 3625: 3624: 3617: 3608: 3606: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3515: 3478: 3439: 3425: 3383:2012 recall of 3281:Ron Littlefield 3182:Willie L. Brown 3111: 3082:Flint, Michigan 3070:2014 recall of 3063:2013 recall of 3047:2012 recall of 3016:Alberta Darling 3004:Sheila Harsdorf 2982:Omaha, Nebraska 2980:2011 recall of 2956:Don Plusquellic 2950:2009 recall of 2940:2009 recall of 2930:2008 recall of 2921:2008 recall of 2906:1983 recall of 2899:Dennis Kucinich 2885: 2868:2012 recall of 2838:F. Thomas Ament 2823:1996 recall of 2811: 2793:2005 recall of 2783:1911 recall of 2780: 2765:2010 recall of 2755:1987 recall of 2752: 2743:McKinney, Texas 2741:2020 recall of 2734:2019 recall of 2721: 2710:2018 recall of 2693: 2670: 2650: 2639:2018 recall of 2629: 2620:Omaha, Nebraska 2614:1987 recall of 2611: 2600:2022 recall of 2597: 2564:Flint, Michigan 2560:Woodrow Stanley 2558:2002 recall of 2547: 2530:2014 recall of 2527: 2518:Bowie, Maryland 2516:2018 recall of 2513: 2500: 2487: 2476:2023 recall of 2473: 2459:1916 recall of 2456: 2431:2011 recall of 2428: 2382: 2371:2023 recall of 2364:2022 recall of 2335:2020 recall of 2325:2018 recall of 2305:2018 recall of 2298:2012 recall of 2275:1995 recall of 2266:1995 recall of 2239:1928 recall of 2230: 2213:2011 recall of 2210: 2196: 2191: 2137: 2003: 1998: 1955: 1949: 1937: 1894: 1853: 1848: 1823: 1753: 1723: 1696: 1684: 1640: 1634: 1597: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1526: 1492: 1490: 1465: 1463: 1438: 1436: 1411: 1409: 1384: 1382: 1357: 1355: 1330: 1328: 1303: 1301: 1276: 1274: 1249: 1247: 1222: 1220: 1152: 1150:Mayoral Recalls 1147: 1141: 1138: 1123: 1091: 1073: 1031: 1007: 972: 908: 903: 895: 883: 871: 855: 847: 795:recall petition 789:(also called a 787:recall election 779: 741: 736: 735: 731:Paper candidate 706:Electoral fraud 696: 688: 687: 661:Close elections 651: 643: 642: 628:Political party 618: 610: 609: 530: 522: 521: 443: 418:Politics series 407: 369: 364: 363: 324:Direct election 319: 311: 310: 296: 288: 287: 278: 270: 269: 235: 227: 226: 107: 97: 96: 62: 35:Politics series 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5875: 5873: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5844: 5843: 5838: 5837: 5814: 5796: 5778: 5757: 5727: 5713: 5695: 5677: 5674:on 2011-11-04. 5655: 5652:on 2010-09-09. 5633: 5615: 5599: 5558: 5538: 5515: 5485: 5460: 5432: 5404: 5373: 5344: 5322: 5292: 5258: 5239: 5205: 5192: 5179: 5164: 5143: 5118: 5093: 5063: 5044: 5011: 4996: 4971: 4940: 4914: 4883: 4855: 4829: 4803: 4780: 4756: 4737: 4708: 4682: 4661: 4638: 4616: 4587: 4555: 4523: 4504: 4480: 4468: 4450: 4443: 4419: 4409: 4397: 4369: 4344: 4303: 4281: 4263: 4230: 4211:(2): 161–172. 4205:Representation 4195: 4175: 4149: 4114: 4102: 4084: 4061: 4034: 4019: 4007: 3982: 3975: 3955: 3913: 3888: 3862: 3834: 3803: 3770: 3756: 3744: 3735: 3711: 3686: 3677:|website= 3656:. January 2018 3640: 3615: 3604:aceproject.org 3591: 3569: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3547: 3538: 3533: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3418: 3405:, Governor of 3399: 3396:Loveland, Ohio 3392: 3387:State Senator 3381: 3370: 3359: 3352: 3342: 3327:Glenn Grothman 3307: 3295: 3277: 3266: 3255: 3244: 3233: 3222: 3221:office holder. 3204: 3201:H. Brent Coles 3197: 3143:, Governor of 3137: 3132:, Governor of 3126: 3110: 3107: 3102: 3101: 3088: 3075: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3051:State Senator 3045: 3039: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2978: 2968: 2958: 2948: 2946:Madison Nguyen 2938: 2928: 2919: 2913: 2904: 2901: 2892: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2873: 2866: 2860: 2851: 2845: 2842:Karen Ordinans 2830: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2791: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2774: 2763: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2729:Killeen, Texas 2725: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2712:Toledo, Oregon 2708: 2701: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2681: 2675:East Cleveland 2669: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2637: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2577:Troy, Michigan 2573: 2567: 2556: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2535: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2461:J. W. Robinson 2455: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2440: 2433:Carlos Alvarez 2427: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2412: 2408:State Senator 2399: 2395:State Senator 2386: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2369: 2362: 2350: 2347:Alison Collins 2340: 2333: 2323: 2303: 2296: 2283: 2273: 2264: 2254: 2248: 2237: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2218:Russell Pearce 2209: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2162:, 11 were for 2158:, 17 were for 2154:, 30 were for 2136: 2133: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1951:Main article: 1948: 1947:United Kingdom 1945: 1936: 1933: 1893: 1890: 1846: 1822: 1819: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1752: 1749: 1722: 1719: 1695: 1692: 1683: 1680: 1676:Aguascalientes 1633: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1596: 1593: 1583: 1580: 1572: 1569: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1506:Not available 1504: 1501: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1452:Not available 1450: 1447: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1398:Not available 1396: 1393: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1371:Not available 1369: 1366: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1317:Not available 1315: 1312: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1290:Not available 1288: 1285: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1263:Not available 1261: 1258: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1217: 1216: 1210: 1203: 1202: 1196: 1193: 1187: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1136: 1122: 1119: 1090: 1087: 1072: 1069: 1030: 1027: 1017:government of 1006: 1003: 971: 968: 907: 904: 902: 899: 894: 891: 882: 879: 870: 867: 866: 865: 862: 854: 851: 846: 843: 811:term of office 781: 780: 778: 777: 770: 763: 755: 752: 751: 738: 737: 734: 733: 728: 723: 718: 708: 703: 697: 694: 693: 690: 689: 686: 685: 674: 673: 668: 663: 658: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 641: 640: 635: 630: 625: 623:Administration 619: 616: 615: 612: 611: 608: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 580:Gerrymandering 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 531: 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 455: 450: 444: 441: 440: 437: 436: 428: 427: 421: 420: 409: 408: 406: 405: 398: 391: 383: 380: 379: 366: 365: 362: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 339:Citizen's jury 336: 331: 326: 320: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 303: 297: 294: 293: 290: 289: 286: 285: 279: 276: 275: 272: 271: 268: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 236: 233: 232: 229: 228: 225: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 108: 103: 102: 99: 98: 95: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 63: 58: 57: 54: 53: 45: 44: 38: 37: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5874: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5834: 5830: 5827: 5818: 5815: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5797: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5761: 5758: 5745: 5741: 5739: 5731: 5728: 5724:. 2011-11-15. 5723: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5696: 5692:. 2011-09-29. 5691: 5687: 5681: 5678: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5656: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5600: 5588:on 2011-08-31 5584: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5562: 5559: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5542: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5516: 5505:on 2013-08-21 5504: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5486: 5475: 5471: 5464: 5461: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5405: 5393:on 2011-01-29 5392: 5388: 5384: 5377: 5374: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5348: 5345: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5323: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5293: 5280: 5276: 5275:Sheboygan, WI 5272: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5243: 5240: 5229:on 2006-12-09 5225: 5218: 5217:"State.wi.us" 5212: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5168: 5165: 5154:. Ballotpedia 5153: 5147: 5144: 5128: 5122: 5119: 5108:on 2018-09-13 5107: 5103: 5097: 5094: 5082: 5081:Hillsboro, OR 5078: 5074: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5058:cleveland.com 5054: 5051:Morice, Jane 5048: 5045: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5015: 5012: 5007: 5000: 4997: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4915: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4887: 4884: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4804: 4790: 4784: 4781: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4730:September 11, 4726: 4722: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4697: 4693: 4686: 4683: 4672:. Ballotpedia 4671: 4665: 4662: 4649: 4642: 4639: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4591: 4588: 4575: 4574: 4569: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4520:. 2011-12-27. 4519: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4446: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4423: 4420: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4386: 4379: 4373: 4370: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4312: 4307: 4304: 4292:. 6 June 2020 4291: 4285: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4196: 4191: 4190: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4087: 4085:9781869405199 4081: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4035: 4030: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4011: 4008: 3996: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3959: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3914: 3906:September 18, 3902: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3877: 3873: 3866: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3845: 3838: 3835: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3687: 3682: 3670: 3655: 3654: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3580: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3550: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3507:Snap election 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3473: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3429: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3374:Kyle Johansen 3371: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3319:Spencer Coggs 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3292:circuit court 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3194:David Roberti 3191: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3171:Bite 'Em Back 3168: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3150:Bite 'Em Back 3146: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3106: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3059:Terry Moulton 3056: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2998:Robert Cowles 2995: 2993: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2962:Doug Isaacson 2959: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2795:James E. West 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2525:Massachusetts 2524: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2478:Warren County 2475: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446:Commissioner. 2445: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2258:Frank L. Shaw 2255: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2235:San Francisco 2232: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2179: 2178:, for mayor. 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2039:Virginia Plan 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2000: 1996:United States 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1581: 1578: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1523: 1515: 1500: 1489: 1488: 1473: 1462: 1461: 1446: 1445:Saxony-Anhalt 1435: 1434: 1419: 1408: 1407: 1392: 1381: 1380: 1365: 1354: 1353: 1338: 1327: 1326: 1311: 1300: 1299: 1284: 1273: 1272: 1257: 1246: 1245: 1230: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1192: 1191:introduction 1184: 1178: 1176: 1175:supermajority 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1149: 1144: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1093:According to 1088: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1015:Social Credit 1012: 1004: 1002: 1000: 995: 993: 992:first reading 989: 985: 981: 977: 969: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 905: 900: 898: 892: 890: 888: 880: 878: 876: 868: 863: 860: 859: 858: 852: 850: 844: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 776: 771: 769: 764: 762: 757: 756: 754: 753: 750: 745: 740: 739: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 716: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 692: 691: 683: 679: 676: 675: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 653: 647: 646: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 614: 613: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 595:Secret ballot 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 540:Apportionment 538: 536: 533: 532: 526: 525: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 439: 438: 434: 430: 429: 426: 422: 419: 415: 414: 404: 399: 397: 392: 390: 385: 384: 382: 381: 378: 373: 368: 367: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 315: 314: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 292: 291: 284: 281: 280: 274: 273: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 237: 231: 230: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 109: 106: 101: 100: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 64: 61: 56: 55: 51: 47: 46: 43: 39: 36: 32: 31: 19: 5823:(in Spanish) 5817: 5799: 5781: 5770: 5760: 5748:. 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Mayor of 2769:, Mayor of 2759:, Mayor of 2736:Rusk, Texas 2654:1921 recall 2618:, Mayor of 2602:Two Harbors 2562:, mayor of 2552:Phil Mastin 2463:, Mayor of 2435:, Mayor of 2402:2013 recall 2389:2013 recall 2353:2022 recall 2343:2022 recall 2330:Josh Newman 2286:2003 recall 2281:Doris Allen 2252:Los Angeles 2075:Evan Mecham 1976:by-election 1878:North Korea 1813:(1984) and 1751:Switzerland 1721:Philippines 1682:New Zealand 1546:Brandenburg 1229:Brandenburg 1206:Signatures 1056:by-election 817:in ancient 666:Most recent 550:Competition 529:Terminology 448:By-election 442:Basic types 197:Switzerland 182:Philippines 172:New Zealand 167:Netherlands 5846:Categories 5509:2013-11-16 5479:2021-09-14 5367:2018-06-09 5233:2010-05-09 5158:2022-08-01 5112:2018-09-13 5086:October 4, 4990:2022-08-10 4927:Troy Patch 4876:August 31, 4838:WAFB Staff 4797:2010-05-09 4774:2020-09-16 4676:2022-12-19 4168:5 February 3754:BILL C-269 3729:2023-01-15 3705:2023-01-15 3660:2021-07-10 3609:2021-04-15 3551:References 3525:(wrote in 3482:Initiative 3458:Article 72 3403:Kate Brown 3297:2011, the 3208:Joseph Cao 3167:Pat Dillon 3155:grassroots 3145:California 2986:Jim Suttle 2785:Hiram Gill 2778:Washington 2627:New Jersey 2616:Mike Boyle 2571:Paul Scott 2555:elections. 2406:Democratic 2397:John Morse 2393:Democratic 2290:Gray Davis 2228:California 2118:referendum 2110:Washington 2067:California 2063:Gray Davis 2015:Hiram Gill 1925:Han Kuo-yu 1802:initiative 1738:Bangsamoro 1636:See also: 1612:Article 14 1575:See also: 976:Parliament 928:Corrientes 916:Entre Ríos 901:By country 807:referendum 715:by country 711:Referendum 590:Psephology 585:Initiative 467:Fixed-term 5174:McClure's 4907:March 13, 4822:30 August 4225:153335791 4144:147241493 3950:148682037 3679:ignored ( 3669:cite book 3437:Venezuela 3394:2017: In 3385:Wisconsin 3337:(D), and 3272:mayor of 3250:mayor of 3248:Sam Adams 3164:columnist 3049:Wisconsin 2809:Wisconsin 2595:Minnesota 2485:Louisiana 2116:passed a 2098:Minnesota 2046:debates. 1927:, became 1921:Kaohsiung 1888:in 1989. 1811:Baselland 1776:Solothurn 1713:autogolpe 1672:Zacatecas 1656:Chihuahua 1618:recalled. 1499:Thuringia 1159:16 states 1117:in 1989. 984:Ted White 936:Rio Negro 906:Argentina 893:Education 887:off-years 617:Subseries 512:Sortition 487:Plurality 453:Corporate 425:Elections 359:Sortition 162:Lithuania 112:Australia 5829:Archived 5592:June 18, 5361:Archived 5315:June 10, 5250:Archived 5031:Archived 4499:Archived 4314:Archived 4072:(2013). 3876:CBC News 3817:"Recall" 3790:CBC News 3584:July 17, 3476:See also 3464:mandate. 3365:, mayor 3356:Tom Luna 3179:Assembly 3139:1992–93 3084:, mayor 2934:Speaker 2870:Bob Ryan 2750:Virginia 2609:Nebraska 2545:Michigan 2511:Maryland 2420:Colorado 2380:Colorado 2279:Speaker 2142:Michigan 2114:Illinois 2013:, mayor 1847:— 1809:(1980), 1731:barangay 1670:(2013), 1668:Guerrero 1666:(2011), 1662:(1998), 1582:Kiribati 1391:Saarland 1189:Year of 1137:— 1071:Colombia 966:(1996). 960:San Luis 958:(1986), 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