1227:, and so on. He states that "The circumstantial expansiveness of Middle-earth itself is central to the work's aesthetic power". Alongside this slow descriptiveness is the quest to destroy the Ring, a unifying plotline. The Ring needs to be destroyed to save Middle-earth itself from destruction or domination by Sauron. Hence, Rosebury argued, the book does have a single focus: Middle-earth itself. The work builds up Middle-earth as a place that readers come to love, shows that it is under dire threat, and – with the destruction of the Ring – provides the "
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1249:, that "in sensibility it is a (capital-R) Romantic work". In her view, Turner is "apparently so embarrassed by that she won't even name it or admit that it has a pedigree." Galway writes, too, that Tolkien-haters have an "existential fear" of Tolkien's happiness: they cannot accept that "Joy, wonder, reverence, the
1906:, so one can't praise the book by comparisons – there's nothing to compare it with. What can I say then ...? For width of imagination it almost beggars parallel, and it is nearly as remarkable for its vividness and the narrative skill which carries the reader on, enthralled, for page after page.
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provided "a closed space, finite and self-supporting, fixated on its own nostalgia, quietly running down"; the books were suitable for "vulnerable people. You can feel secure inside them, no matter what is going on in the nasty world outside. The merest weakling can be the master of this cosy little
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had slowly begun to reduce the hostility. That did not prevent Jenny Turner from repeating "some of her predecessors' elementary mistakes"; Curry wrote that she seemed to fail to grasp "two of the most important things about art, literary or otherwise: that reality is (also) ineluctably fictional,
1244:
in 2004, the
Tolkien scholar Caroline Galwey wrote the ironically-titled "Reasons for 'not' Liking Tolkien", inverting Turner's "Reasons for Liking Tolkien" and attacking her position, along with Edwin Muir's. In her view, "we cannot understand Tolkien-haters properly unless we go beyond their
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acclaimed the work in 1996–1998, and then again when Peter
Jackson's film trilogy came out in 2001–2003. He cited Shippey's remark that the hostile critics Philip Toynbee and Edmund Wilson revealed "gross inconsistency between their self-professed critical ideals and their practice when they
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Summing up the history of attacks, Curry identified two consistent features: "a visceral hostility and emotional animus, and a plethora of mistakes showing that the books had not been read closely". In his view, these derived from the critics' feeling that
Tolkien threatened their "dominant
429:" Parker argued that the book was in fact "probably the most original and varied creation ever seen in the genre, and certainly the most self-consistent; yet it is tied up with and bridged to reality as is no other fantasy." He noted that the book is far from a "piddling" good-defeats-evil
1180:". He cited Shippey's "more subtl" suggestion that "Tolkien set himself to write a romance for an audience brought up on novels", noting that Tolkien did occasionally call the work a romance but usually called it a tale, a story, or a history. Shippey argued that the work aims at
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paperbacks in the United States helped it to become immensely popular with a new generation in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. In the 2003
1366:, stated that attempts at a balanced response, finding a positive critic for each negative one, as Daniel Timmons had done, was "admirably irenic but misleading" as this failed to address the reasons for the hostility. Curry noted that the attacks on Tolkien began when
1235:. Even the least novelistic parts of the work, the chronicles, narratives, and essays of the appendices, help to build a consistent image of Middle-earth. The work is thus, Rosebury asserted, very tightly constructed, the expansiveness and plot fitting together exactly.
1306:", books that are best read with some knowledge of his Middle-earth framework rather than as "single artworks". She accepted that he was a complicated figure, a scholar, a war survivor, a skilful writer of "light verse", a literary theorist, and a member of "
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encounter
Tolkien", adding that Fred Inglis had called Tolkien a fascist and a practitioner of "'country-based fantasy' that is 'suburban' and 'half-educated". Curry states that these criticisms are not simply demonstrably mistaken, but "rather how
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that scholars still disagreed about
Tolkien's place in literature, but that those critical of it were a minority. He noted that Shippey had said that the "literary establishment" did not include Tolkien among the canon of academic texts, whereas
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is both a quest – a story with a goal, to destroy the Ring – and a journey, an expansive tour of Middle-earth through a series of tableaux that filled readers with delight; and the two supported each other. Rosebury considered why
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as carefully crafted and seductive, but backward-looking. He wrote that he had enjoyed it as a child as escapist fantasy, but that it clearly also reflected the decades of totalitarianism in the mid-20th century. Brin saw the change from
722:. Turner commented that reading the book is to "find oneself gently rocked between bleakness and luxury, the sublime and the cosy. Scary, safe again. Scary, safe again. Scary, safe again." In her view, this compulsive rhythm is what
457:, writing that "All the characters are boys masquerading as adult heroes ... and will never come to puberty ... Hardly one of them knows anything about women", causing Tolkien to complain angrily to his publisher.
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is an extraordinary book", but that although
Tolkien "describes a tremendous conflict between good and evil ... his good people are consistently good, his evil figures immovably evil". In 1955, Muir attacked
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has attracted so much literary hostility, and re-evaluated it as a literary work. He noted that many critics have stated that it is not a novel and that some have proposed a medieval genre like "romance" or
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in 2002, criticized a perceived lack of psychological depth. Both the characters and the work itself were, according to
Jenkyns, "anemic, and lacking in fiber." Also that year, the science-fiction author
1188:, only one level below "myth", but descending to "low mimesis" with the much less serious hobbits, who serve to deflect the modern reader's scepticism of the higher reaches of medieval-style romance.
82:
analysed the reasons for the hostility, finding it both visceral and full of evident mistakes, and suggesting that the issue was that the critics felt that
Tolkien threatened their dominant ideology,
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Iris
Murdoch, who sent Tolkien an admiring letter toward the end of his life. 'I have been meaning for a long time to write to you to say how utterly I have been delighted, carried away, absorbed by
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Rosebury noted that much of the work, especially Book 1, is largely descriptive rather than plot-based; it focuses mainly on Middle-earth itself, taking a journey through a series of tableaux – in
765:, as opposed to that. As well as its being "a great tale", Brin saw good points in the work; Tolkien was, he wrote, self-critical, for example blaming the elves for trying to halt time by forging
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fantasy. Parker wrote that the "one serious attack" on the novel was "a rather nasty hatchet-job", which "appears to have resulted from Wilson's ineluctable conviction that all fantasy is trash,
468:", peopling his writing with "irritatingly, blandly, traditionally masculine" one-dimensional characters who live out a "bourgeois pastoral idyll". This set the tone for other hostile critics.
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was founded in 2004; that same year, the scholar Neil D. Isaacs introduced an anthology of
Tolkien criticism with the words "This collection assumes that argument about the value and power of
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500:"An incorrigible nationalist", his epic "celebrates the English bourgeois pastoral idyll. Its characters, tranquil and well fed, live best in placid, philistine, provincial rural cosiness."
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that it was worth "intelligent reading but not passionate attention", and accepted that she had "underestimated the extent to which it would gain added popularity and cultural lustre from
732:. She asked whether, in his writing, Tolkien, whose father died when he was 3 and his mother when he was 12, was not "trying to recover his lost parents, his lost childhood, an impossibly
675:, saying that he "formulated a high-minded belief in the importance of his mission as a literary preservationist, which turns out to be death to literature itself." The same year, in the
547:; Frodo has both Sam and Gollum, and Gollum is in Sam's words both "Stinker" and "Slinker". Each race (Men, Elves, Hobbits) "is a collection of good, bad, and indifferent individuals".
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1383:(his emphasis) mistaken they are, and how consistently. That suggests that there is (as Marxists like to say) a structural or systematic bias at work". He noted that Shippey's 1982
1362:, for "the overall thematic structuring of this volume, which offers a progressive profile of Tolkien the man, the student, and scholar, and the mythopoeist". Curry, writing in the
1231:" for a happy ending. That makes the work "comedic" rather than "tragic", in classical terms; but it also embodies the inevitability of loss, like the elves, hobbits, and the rest
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is "more complex and conflicted than Stimpson allows". Tolkien "committed no crime worse than being a man of his time and place". And "countless women have enjoyed and even loved
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With the understanding that Tolkien was worth studying, scholars, authors, and critics began to re-evaluate his Middle-earth writings as literature. The humanities scholar
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792:, noted that Wilson was "well known as an enemy of religion", of popular books, and "conservatism in any form". Lobdell concluded that "no 'mainstream critic' appreciated
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1434:) story with a North European pagan inflection". In other words, Tolkien was about as anti-modernist as possible. Curry concluded by noting that newer authors including
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which carries the reader on, enthralled, for page after page." In 1967, the scholar of literature George H. Thomson admired Tolkien's ability to bring many aspects of a
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1079:. Pressure to study Tolkien seriously came initially from fans rather than academics; the scholarly legitimacy of the field was still a subject of debate in 2015.
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has been settled, certainly to the satisfaction of its vast, growing, persistent audience, but also of a considerable body of critical judgment". The open-access
1046:"; he calls this one of the least perceptive comments ever made on Tolkien, stating that on the contrary the work "fits together ... on almost every level", with
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is a paraphrase of just that section; other scholars have praised Tolkien's poem. As a final example, he replies to the critic Mark Roberts's 1956 statement that
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in 1983. To borrow a phrase from Flieger, academia had trouble "taking seriously a subject which had, until he wrote, been dismissed as unworthy of attention."
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is "a good, intelligent, influential and popular book", but perhaps not, as some of his "idolators" would have it, "a transcendent literary masterpiece".
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had a close relationship with Tolkien's writings, and reflected on issues such as whether fantasy is escapist, the subtlety of the character portraits in
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1347:). He called it "joyous indeed that after many years of polite (and not so polite) disdain and dismissal by establishment 'academics' and the 'cultural
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began to roll back the hostility, defending Tolkien, rebutting the critics' attacks and analysing what they saw as good qualities in Tolkien's writing.
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were sharply divided between enthusiastic support and outright rejection. Some literary figures immediately welcomed the book's publication. The poet
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mentioned Middle-earth characters in her novels, and wrote to Tolkien saying she had been "utterly ... delighted, carried away, absorbed by
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51:, literary hostility to Tolkien quickly became acute and continued until the start of the 21st century. From 1982, Tolkien scholars such as
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Alongside their analysis of Tolkien's work, scholars set about rebutting many of the literary critics' claims. Starting with his 1982 book
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604:, no matter what their rank, the most hackneyed of stereotypes. They are either beautiful and distant, simply distant, or simply simple".
600:"Behind the moral structure is a regressive emotional pattern. For Tolkien is irritatingly, blandly, traditionally masculine....He makes
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1006:, Shippey pointed out that Muir's assertion that Tolkien's writing was non-adult, as the protagonists end with no pain, is not true of
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compiled an annotated checklist of Tolkien criticism in 1981. Serious study began to reach the broader community with Shippey's 1982
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1835:. She refers to Tolkien's achievement in her philosophical works and alludes to his characters and his fiction in her own novels.
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What is less well known is that Murdoch had a deep and abiding affection for the fiction of J.R.R. Tolkien. She read and reread
1253:" do mean something, that they stand alongside the world's suffering and evil, "undiminished by them, as a fact in this world."
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or indeed was in a position to write criticism on it – most being unsure what it was and why readers liked it." He noted that
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Meditations on Middle-earth: New Writing on the Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien by Orson Scott Card, Ursula K. Le Guin, and others
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wrote a review entitled "Oo, Those Awful Orcs!", calling Tolkien's work "juvenile trash", and saying "Dr. Tolkien has little
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972:"boldly declares that at last Tolkien 'is being studied as important in himself, as one of the world's greatest writers'".
433:, not least because the characters on the good side "are not abstractions, nor are they wholly good, nor are they alike".
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and the nature of evil, and a consistent theory of the role of "chance" or "luck", all of which he explains in detail.
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Tolkien's fiction began to acquire respectability in academia only at the end of his life, with the publication of
657:, that its "predominant tone" was "the prose of the nursery-room .. a lullaby; it is meant to soothe and console."
242:, April 1955, "... if you don't read it, you have missed one of the finest books of its type ever to appear".
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appeared; increased when the work became "spectacular successful" from 1965; and revived when readers' polls by
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The pace of scholarly publications on Tolkien increased dramatically in the early 2000s. The dedicated journal
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was found to be the "Nation's best-loved book." In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found
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had an initial mixed literary reception. Despite some enthusiastic early reviews from supporters such as
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universe. Even a silly furry little hobbit can see his dreams come true." She cited the Tolkien scholar
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began to consider why Tolkien had attracted such hostility. Rosebury noted that Tolkien avoided calling
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arguments to the things they do not say." Those things, she argues, include the "greatest strength" of
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is, appropriately in Grant's view, also a male Hobbit, like Frodo. Aragorn has an Ideal Partner in
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786:, evaluating the hostile reception of Tolkien by the mainstream literary establishment in the 2006
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Tolkien's characters are one-dimensional, dividing neatly into "good & evil, nice & nasty"
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1331:, welcomed the "eminent line-up" of the authors of its 36 articles (naming in particular Shippey,
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Tolkien's works have since become the subject of a substantial body of academic research, both as
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records Dyson as "lying on the couch, and lolling and shouting and saying, 'Oh God, no more Elves.
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861:, Kocher inferred or guessed many of the key points about Tolkien's writings, later confirmed by
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1014:'s attack on Tolkien's "overworked cadences" and "monotonous pitch" and the suggestion that the
1010:, who is permanently scarred and can no longer enjoy life in the Shire. Or again, he replies to
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1116:, however, have been more positive towards Tolkien. While criticizing the politics embedded in
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both before and after publication. Tolkien's friend and fellow member of the literary group
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began publication in 2014. A bibliographic database of Tolkien criticism is maintained at
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Return of the Heroes: The Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, Harry Potter, and Social Conflict
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1286:'s film adaptations". As Pratchett had done, she used a mountain metaphor, alluding to
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as a "masterpiece", further stating that in some cases it outdid the achievement of
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and that fiction and its referents are (also) unavoidably real", pointing out that
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states that his views can be seen in what he considers to be the somewhat parodic "
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2596:
Through Stranger Eyes: Reviews, Introductions, Tributes & Iconoclastic Essays
2567:
2386:
2086:
6309:
6292:
6043:
5745:
5740:
5718:
5075:
4642:
4592:
3521:
3216:
3097:
Thompson, E. P. (24 January 1981). "America's Europe: A Hobbit among Gandalfs".
2942:
2856:
2506:
1993:
1731:
1375:
1371:
1315:
1269:
983:
979:
969:
766:
687:
520:
303:
252:
as "... one of the few works of genius in modern literature." The novelist
227:
219:
52:
48:
40:
3625:
2594:
Brin, David (2008). "The Lord of the Rings: J.R.R. Tolkien vs the Modern Age".
1302:
and we will wait in vain for them to crumble." Kaveney called Tolkien's works "
607:"It is tempting to reply, guilty as charged", as Tolkien is paternalistic, but
6636:
6088:
5935:
5796:
5652:
4723:
4698:
4545:
4540:
4355:
3841:
3641:
3353:
2170:
2114:
2091:
2052:
Duriez, Colin (2003). "Journal Article Review: Survey of Tolkien Literature".
1431:
1291:
1261:
1220:
893:
770:
747:
464:
published a book-length attack on Tolkien, describing him as "an incorrigible
437:
366:
294:, too, was a strong and long-time supporter, corresponding with Tolkien about
191:
144:
101:; the psychological reading of heroes, their partners, and their opponents as
3304:
2541:
198:
was judged to be their favourite "book of the millennium." The popularity of
6564:
6360:
5945:
5940:
5891:
5691:
5679:
5647:
5545:
4046:
3993:
3767:
2572:
2350:
2211:
1634:
1423:
1407:
1216:
1104:". Leftist critics have accordingly attacked Tolkien's social conservatism.
1087:
901:
758:
715:
695:
644:
629:
608:
592:
166:
135:
83:
5833:
2928:
580:
503:"Hobbits would have liked to live quiet rural lives – if they could have".
345:
1902:
Something which has scarcely been attempted on this scale since Spenser's
876:, identifying similarities between the interactions of the characters and
268:
wrote that nothing like it had been attempted in English literature since
6101:
6058:
5994:
5974:
5791:
5786:
5768:
5657:
5598:
5165:
5070:
4781:
4775:
3554:
2652:
Timmons, Daniel (1998). "J.R.R. Tolkien: The "Monstrous" in the Mirror".
1887:"Middle Earth v. Duniverse – the different worlds of Tolkien and Herbert"
1399:
1204:
1141:
1133:
1055:
1016:
690:'s observation ("The hobbits ... have to be dug out ... of no fewer than
616:
540:
430:
399:
175:
4901:
3264:
2667:
2065:
1816:
1462:
were taking a more open attitude, and cited the work's first publisher,
563:. Even Orcs are of three kinds, "and none are necessarily 'working-class
70:
a novel, and that in Shippey's view Tolkien had been aiming to create a
6762:
6644:
6038:
5950:
5773:
5763:
5750:
5674:
5603:
5593:
5172:
2153:
1943:
1849:"Book Review: A Return to Middle-Earth, 44 Years After Tolkien's Death"
1490:
1422:
is equally "a story told by a master story-teller; a story inspired by
1129:
1040:"is not moulded by some vision of things which is at the same time its
925:
909:
881:
868:
In 1973, Patrick Grant, a scholar of Renaissance literature, offered a
761:
to a free middle class as progress, and in his view, Tolkien, like the
576:
536:
222:, a former pupil of Tolkien's and an admirer of his writings, regarded
94:
3384:"[Review:] A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien, ed. Stuart D. Lee"
665:
The hostility continued until the start of the 21st century. In 2001,
318:, and its handling of the nature of evil in her 1979 essay collection
5984:
5959:
5855:
5828:
5758:
5698:
5667:
5583:
5578:
5160:
1083:
913:
905:
880:. He states that the Hero appears both in noble and powerful form as
775:
584:
571:, has the accent and idiom of a rural peasant; the "major villains –
532:
3253:
Galwey, Caroline (August 2004). "Reasons for "not" liking Tolkien".
2892:"Tolkien's Poetry (2013), edited by Julian Eilmann and Allan Turner"
1935:
1177:
800:
was a critic of science fiction, distinguishing such "critics" from
425:
3438:
1211:); the two support each other, and must interlock tightly to do so.
5964:
5735:
5662:
5570:
2987:
Understanding the Lord of the Rings: The Best of Tolkien Criticism
1415:
1190:
1030:" unlike anything in Tolkien, with the observation that Tolkien's
1027:
974:
921:
917:
885:
830:
572:
344:
912:, who is opposed by the corrupted wizard Saruman. Frodo's Shadow
5865:
2712:"The Moral Mythmaker: The Creative Theology of J. R. R. Tolkien"
1483:
1299:
1108:
blames the cold warrior mentality on "too much early reading of
406:
6203:
4905:
3442:
6411:
6399:
5850:
5686:
2087:"Oo, Those Awful Orcs! A review of The Fellowship of the Ring"
1873:, she wrote. 'I wish I could say it in the fair Elven tongue.'
179:
1260:
used a mountain theme to praise Tolkien, likening Tolkien to
543:
have "inner struggles, with widely varying results". Several
4890:
The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
961:. In 1998, Daniel Timmons wrote in a dedicated issue of the
290:
of the narrative, into a modern work. The Scottish novelist
1693:(2020) . "The Critical Response to Tolkien's Fiction". In
888:, whose quest can be interpreted as a personal journey of
27:
Literary reception of J. R. R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings
2915:
Roberts, Mark (1 October 1956). "Adventure in English".
2291:
Root and Branch: Approaches Toward Understanding Tolkien
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2173:(22 August 1954). "Review: The Fellowship of the Ring".
2771:
Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World
2200:(2013) . "Criticism of Tolkien, Twentieth Century". In
671:
reviewer Judith Shulevitz criticized the "pedantry" of
1960:(18 September 1954). "Review: One Ring to Bind Them".
1354:" that Tolkien had reached the "academic pantheon" of
591:" is certainly (in Tolkien's words) "the hour of the
908:. The Old Wise Man archetype is filled by the wizard
1207:) and journey (as a series of Tableaux of places in
7125:
7093:
7044:
7003:
6914:
6701:
6670:
6620:
6574:
6540:
6497:
6454:
6445:
6386:
6328:
6301:
6251:
6216:
6078:
6031:
6005:
5918:
5909:
5879:
5814:
5614:
5569:
5560:
5477:
5402:
5234:
5116:
5107:
4964:
4736:
4689:
4564:
4516:
4236:
4183:
4117:
4110:
4027:
3908:
3733:
3633:
3500:
1358:Companions. Higgins applauded the volume's editor,
986:, helped to pioneer the serious study of Tolkien's
3154:"There and Back Again: Five Reasons Tolkien Rocks"
2414:Wizardry and Wild Romance: A study of epic fantasy
2284:(2005). "Tolkien and the Critics: A Critique". In
1997:
1790:, Michael Straight, January 17, 1956, New republic
2331:
2329:
1268:." In 2016, the British literary critic and poet
904:, who is opposed by the evil giant female spider
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
2686:"Review of Paul Kocher's Master of Middle Earth"
1979:, letters #122, #144, #154, #164, #176, #220 to
138:, and academic, best known as the author of the
74:heroic romance, despite modern scepticism about
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3069:Baugher, Luke; Hillman, Tom; Nardi, Dominic J.
2830:Baugher, Luke; Hillman, Tom; Nardi, Dominic J.
2797:
2795:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
694:") that the quest repeats itself, the chase in
4072:The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays
3248:
3246:
3244:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2077:
2075:
1298:, with the words "Tolkien's books have become
190:to be their favourite book. In a 1999 poll of
4917:
3532:The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son
3454:
3283:A Slip of the Keyboard: Collected Non-fiction
3119:"Tolkien - Middle Earth Meets Middle England"
2617:
2615:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2255:. Columbia Essays on Modern Writers, No. 41.
2119:(Television documentary). Visual Corporation.
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
773:could be seen as cautionary figures of Greek
552:Tolkien's language betrays "class snobbery".
369:, complained loudly at readings of the book;
8:
4371:J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography
2165:
2163:
1924:Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1312:he had much in common with modernist writers
1278:. She recorded that in 1991 she had said of
928:and chooses a happy union with him instead.
260: ... I wish I could say it in the fair
107:comparison of Tolkien with modernist writers
97:criticism, sometimes at odds with Tolkien's
7179:History of literature in the United Kingdom
4378:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
3256:Mallorn: The Journal of the Tolkien Society
653:. He asserted, citing the third chapter of
357:Some literary figures rejected Tolkien and
161:was published. In 1957, it was awarded the
6911:
6505:
6451:
6200:
5915:
5566:
5113:
4924:
4910:
4902:
4114:
3950:Chaucer as a Philologist: The Reeve's Tale
3624:
3461:
3447:
3439:
1788:"The Fantastic World of Professor Tolkien"
1482:"How much We of Hobbits ...", an echo of "
1325:Andrew Higgins, reviewing the 2014 volume
4771:Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings
2738:Tolkien Criticism: An Annotated Checklist
2322:(2nd ed.). Cybereditions. Chapter 6.
2234:
2054:VII: Journal of the Marion E. Wade Center
1976:
1527:. pp. 111, 200, 266 and throughout.
1256:In 2013, the fantasy author and humorist
710:'s, and again safety after adventures in
4606:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'
4392:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide
4385:J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator
625:novel says little on women and sexuality
478:
7109:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game
4649:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
4020:(as translator and lexicographer, 1966)
2948:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
2512:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
1805:Introduction: Tolkien among the Moderns
1604:"Epic trilogy tops favourite film poll"
1506:
1475:
1308:a coterie of other influential thinkers
957:fiction and as an extended exercise in
739:The critic Richard Jenkyns, writing in
7021:The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game
5209:The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
3576:The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
3195:. pp. 1–3, 12–13, 25–34, 41, 57.
779:, men who reached too high, and fell.
4088:Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary
2978:On the Pleasures of Tolkien Criticism
2802:Schürer, Norbert (13 November 2015).
2662:(3 (35) The Tolkien Issue): 229–246.
2568:"J.R.R. Tolkien -- enemy of progress"
1922:: The Novel as Traditional Romance".
1748:from the original on 20 February 2011
1272:reviewed five books about Tolkien in
1082:Tolkien was strongly opposed to both
843:with hero, anima and other archetypes
706:ending with hot baths and comfort at
7:
7116:The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game
3812:The History of The Lord of the Rings
3616:List of Tolkien's alliterative verse
2655:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
2540:Jenkyns, Richard (28 January 2002).
1602:Cooper, Callista (5 December 2005).
964:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
857:. Written before the publication of
6339:Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings
4505:Understanding The Lord of the Rings
4262:Janice Bogstad & Philip Kaveny
3358:"On The Fly-Leaf Of Pound's Cantos"
2442:Shulevitz, Judith (22 April 2001).
2116:A Film Portrait of J. R. R. Tolkien
1428:story suffused with Catholic values
623:". Scholars have objected that the
7102:Middle-earth Collectible Card Game
4310:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History
2869:. pp. 175, 201–203, 363–364.
2481:Turner, Jenny (15 November 2001).
1736:"At the End of the Quest, Victory"
1548:Seiler, Andy (December 16, 2003).
1124:admires Tolkien's creative use of
25:
7134:Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game
7064:Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith
4599:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth
3325:Kaveney, Roz (24 February 2016).
2138:(1957). "Hwaet We Holbytla ...".
2000:Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook 2007
1885:Wegierski, Mark (27 April 2013).
1097:The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
446:that "however one may look at it
398:An early reply to Wilson was the
5098:
4766:Languages constructed by Tolkien
3805:The Lost Road and Other Writings
2566:Brin, David (17 December 2002).
1983:(dates in 1949, 1954–1955, 1959)
1574:Diver, Krysia (5 October 2004).
1418:(especially about his writing).
1203:as a combined quest (to destroy
1020:section of the Old English poem
920:, but also a Negative Animus in
627:, but they do not complain that
353:attacked Tolkien's work in 1955.
6148:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
4875:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
4678:Tolkien and the Classical World
4039:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
3920:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
3601:The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún
3416:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
2955:. pp. 156–157 and passim.
2251:Stimpson, Catherine R. (1969).
1847:Cowles, Gregory (9 June 2017).
1700:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
1628:O'Hehir, Andrew (4 June 2001).
1328:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
1158:Themes of The Lord of the Rings
6833:The Battle for Middle-earth II
6594:Peter Jackson's interpretation
6096:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
5249:Ancestry as guide to character
4471:Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon
4167:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
4153:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien
3960:: The Monsters and the Critics
3936:Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad
3547:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
3418:: Revised and Expanded Edition
3188:Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon
3127:(January 2002). Archived from
1809:University of Notre Dame Press
1140:, as well as his criticism of
647:", compared Tolkien's work to
587:too) are unmistakably posh". "
545:major characters have a shadow
460:In 1969, the feminist scholar
1:
7174:Reception of J. R. R. Tolkien
7028:The One Ring Roleplaying Game
5023:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
4620:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
4131:J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography
3332:The Times Literary Supplement
3016:"Journal of Tolkien Research"
2624:"Tolkien: Archetype and Word"
2346:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
2207:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
2036:(2002). "Rhythmic Pattern in
1520:J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography
1402:is unavoidable in language.
1275:The Times Literary Supplement
1154:J. R. R. Tolkien's influences
789:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
729:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
633:says little on that subject.
236:. Kenneth F. Slater wrote in
33:'s bestselling fantasy novel
18:Reception of J. R. R. Tolkien
6917:The Lord of the Rings Online
4793:Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
4134:(1977, authorized biography)
3923:(Middle English text, 1925)
3744:The Father Christmas Letters
3657:The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun
2483:"Reasons for Liking Tolkien"
1918:Thomson, George H. (1967). "
1310:". Further, she stated that
990:writings with his 1982 book
870:psychological interpretation
804:, the study and analysis of
476:have rebutted these charges.
204:Peter Jackson's film trilogy
62:From 2003, scholars such as
6819:The Battle for Middle-earth
6726:Game Two: Shadows of Mordor
6155:The History of Middle-earth
5088:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
4800:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
3833:The Peoples of Middle-earth
3798:The Shaping of Middle-earth
3776:The History of Middle-earth
3389:Journal of Tolkien Research
3071:"Tolkien Criticism Unbound"
3020:Journal of Tolkien Research
2897:Journal of Tolkien Research
2832:"Tolkien Criticism Unbound"
2809:Los Angeles Review of Books
2776:Kent State University Press
2742:Kent State University Press
1550:"'Rings' comes full circle"
1073:Journal of Tolkien Research
924:, at least until she meets
884:, and in childlike form as
835:Diagram of Patrick Grant's
436:In 1954, the Scottish poet
163:International Fantasy Award
130:(1892–1973) was an English
7200:
7141:Lego The Lord of the Rings
7035:Adventures in Middle-earth
6870:Lego The Lord of the Rings
6840:The Rise of the Witch-king
6777:The Fellowship of the Ring
6514:The Fellowship of the Ring
6190:The Nature of Middle-earth
6066:List of weapons and armour
4976:The Fellowship of the Ring
4805:Tolkien and the modernists
3890:The Nature of Middle-earth
3681:The Fellowship of the Ring
3513:Songs for the Philologists
2774:(2 ed.). Kent, Ohio:
2411:(1987). "5. "Epic Pooh"".
2379:"RevolutionSF – Epic Pooh"
2040:". In Haber, Karen (ed.).
1768:"Something to Read NSF 12"
1151:
982:, like Tolkien an English
892:. They are opposed by the
824:
681:, Jenny Turner wrote that
448:The Fellowship of the Ring
393:instinct for literary form
333:
210:Enthusiastic early support
178:" survey conducted by the
116:
7014:Middle-earth Role Playing
6877:Guardians of Middle-earth
6508:
6199:
6169:The History of The Hobbit
5096:
5016:The Scouring of the Shire
4941:
4883:Language and Human Nature
4861:Works inspired by Tolkien
4146:Tolkien and the Great War
3858:The History of The Hobbit
3622:
3476:
2992:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
2976:Isaacs, Neil D. (2004). "
2804:"Tolkien Criticism Today"
2710:Hyde, Paul Nolan (2002).
2339:(2013) . "Communism". In
2006:Andrews McMeel Publishing
1630:"The book of the century"
1581:The Sydney Morning Herald
1488:...", the first words of
1102:The Scouring of the Shire
589:The Scouring of the Shire
480:Criticisms of Tolkien by
321:The Language of the Night
264:." The poet and novelist
165:. The publication of the
4669:Sandra Ballif Straubhaar
4656:The Road to Middle-Earth
4435:The Keys of Middle-earth
3929:The Devil's Coach Horses
3382:Higgins, Andrew (2015).
3221:The Road to Middle-Earth
2890:Higgins, Andrew (2014).
2862:The Road to Middle-Earth
1963:New Statesman and Nation
1412:modern but not modernist
1410:. Tolkien is, he wrote,
1385:The Road to Middle-earth
1003:The Road to Middle-earth
993:The Road to Middle-earth
937:The Road to Middle-earth
673:Tolkien's literary style
569:"arguably the real hero"
361:outright. One member of
286:, complete with complex
6770:Vol. II: The Two Towers
6487:The War of the Rohirrim
6288:Margrethe II of Denmark
5459:A mythology for England
4080:Beowulf and the Critics
2980:". In Isaacs, Neil D.;
2632:(Winter 1973): 365–380.
2622:Grant, Patrick (1973).
2299:Walking Tree Publishers
1484:
750:criticised the book in
613:powerful and wise woman
407:
316:its narrative structure
206:came out in 2001–2003.
202:increased further when
6791:The Return of the King
6530:The Return of the King
6475:The Return of the King
6375:The Battle of Evermore
5359:Psychological journeys
5002:The Shadow of the Past
4990:The Return of the King
4421:Master of Middle-Earth
3784:The Book of Lost Tales
3723:Smith of Wootton Major
3697:The Return of the King
3327:"An English mythology"
2488:London Review of Books
2444:"Hobbits in Hollywood"
2113:Bailey, Derek (1992).
1456:and Andrew O'Hehir in
1212:
1148:Literary re-evaluation
1033:Lament of the Rohirrim
997:
854:Master of Middle-Earth
844:
698:ending with dinner at
678:London Review of Books
643:, in his 1978 essay, "
454:The Return of the King
411:" which stood up for
354:
239:Nebula Science Fiction
7169:The Lord of the Rings
6463:The Lord of the Rings
6427:The Lord of the Rings
6407:The Lord of the Rings
6395:The Lord of the Rings
6348:The Lord of the Rings
6261:A Map of Middle-earth
6162:The Children of Húrin
6120:The Road Goes Ever On
5264:Death and immortality
5214:The Road Goes Ever On
5191:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
5009:The Council of Elrond
4954:The Lord of the Rings
4934:The Lord of the Rings
4749:Francis Xavier Morgan
4494:Elizabeth Whittingham
4050:(translations, 1975)
3866:The Story of Kullervo
3850:The Children of Húrin
3826:The War of the Jewels
3791:The Lays of Beleriand
3673:The Lord of the Rings
3585:The Road Goes Ever On
3024:Valparaiso University
2038:The Lord of the Rings
1920:The Lord of the Rings
1868:The Lord of the Rings
1833:The Lord of the Rings
1420:The Lord of the Rings
1368:The Lord of the Rings
1320:The Lord of the Rings
1318:. She suggested that
1280:The Lord of the Rings
1247:The Lord of the Rings
1201:The Lord of the Rings
1194:
1173:The Lord of the Rings
1168:The Lord of the Rings
1152:Further information:
1118:The Lord of the Rings
1110:The Lord of the Rings
1069:The Lord of the Rings
1038:The Lord of the Rings
978:
874:The Lord of the Rings
841:The Lord of the Rings
834:
825:Further information:
794:The Lord of the Rings
702:'s, the trouble with
683:The Lord of the Rings
655:The Lord of the Rings
621:The Lord of the Rings
561:The Lord of the Rings
482:Catherine R. Stimpson
462:Catherine R. Stimpson
421:The Lord of the Rings
413:The Lord of the Rings
408:Hwaet We Holbytla ...
359:The Lord of the Rings
348:
336:Tolkien's prose style
334:Further information:
312:The Lord of the Rings
258:The Lord of the Rings
224:The Lord of the Rings
216:The Lord of the Rings
200:The Lord of the Rings
196:The Lord of the Rings
188:The Lord of the Rings
184:The Lord of the Rings
159:The Lord of the Rings
151:The Lord of the Rings
123:The Lord of the Rings
117:Further information:
91:The Lord of the Rings
68:The Lord of the Rings
36:The Lord of the Rings
6712:Journey to Rivendell
6419:Hordes of the Things
6183:The Fall of Gondolin
5871:Watcher in the Water
5839:Witch-king of Angmar
5036:List of translations
4198:Matthew T. Dickerson
3882:The Fall of Gondolin
3227:. pp. 237–249.
2929:10.1093/eic/VI.4.450
2542:"Bored of the Rings"
2353:. pp. 108–109.
2341:Drout, Michael D. C.
2214:. pp. 109–110.
2202:Drout, Michael D. C.
1891:The Quarterly Review
1710:. pp. 369–388.
1576:"A lord for Germany"
1184:'s "heroic romance"
1166:stated in 2003 that
1052:consistent ambiguity
602:his women characters
559:, maybe, but not in
523:chose not to do so.
6733:War in Middle Earth
6679:The Hunt for Gollum
6233:The Last Ringbearer
5519:Narrative structure
5514:Impression of depth
5131:Company of the Ring
4870:(biographical film)
4827:The Tolkien Society
4820:Tolkien fan fiction
4614:Michael D. C. Drout
4280:Janet Brennan Croft
4248:Douglas A. Anderson
4193:Stratford Caldecott
4161:Catherine McIlwaine
3898:The Fall of Númenor
3665:Farmer Giles of Ham
3411:Carpenter, Humphrey
2917:Essays in Criticism
2684:(18 October 2013).
1817:10.2307/j.ctvpj75hk
1734:(22 January 1956).
1515:Carpenter, Humphrey
1430:; and a mythic (or
1048:complex interlacing
863:Christopher Tolkien
802:Tolkien scholarship
639:The fantasy author
488:
371:Christopher Tolkien
280:the narrative skill
99:social conservatism
89:Interpretations of
7184:Reception of works
6976:War of Three Peaks
6653:The Rings of Power
6587:Hobbiton Movie Set
6551:Concerning Hobbits
6435:Der Herr der Ringe
6368:Misty Mountain Hop
6225:Bored of the Rings
6049:Phial of Galadriel
5379:Sound and language
5274:Dreams and visions
5244:Addiction to power
4788:Mythopoeic Society
4664:Elizabeth Solopova
4336:A Question of Time
4125:Humphrey Carpenter
3715:The Tolkien Reader
3609:The Fall of Arthur
3223:(Third ed.).
3076:Mythgard Institute
3045:"Tolkien Database"
2865:(Third ed.).
2836:Mythgard Institute
2716:Religious Educator
2690:Notion Club Papers
2449:The New York Times
1854:The New York Times
1741:The New York Times
1446:, and the critics
1213:
998:
959:invented languages
878:Jungian archetypes
845:
692:five Homely Houses
668:The New York Times
581:Lord of the Nazgûl
495:Curry's rebuttals
492:Stimpson's charges
479:
389:skill at narrative
355:
330:Literary hostility
103:Jungian archetypes
76:that literary mode
7154:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7077:Lord of the Rings
6999:
6998:
6990:Before the Shadow
6934:Siege of Mirkwood
6697:
6696:
6616:
6615:
6600:Picturing Tolkien
6318:Lord of the Rings
6271:Barbara Remington
6176:Beren and Lúthien
6127:Bilbo's Last Song
6074:
6073:
5905:
5904:
5556:
5555:
5507:Pseudotranslation
5497:Editorial framing
5492:Character pairing
5339:Naming of weapons
4899:
4898:
4732:
4731:
4536:Carl F. Hostetter
4526:Anthony Appleyard
4449:A Tolkien Compass
4410:Charles A. Huttar
4329:Interrupted Music
4299:Bradford Lee Eden
4267:Picturing Tolkien
4258:Bradley J. Birzer
4010:English and Welsh
3874:Beren and Lúthien
3593:Bilbo's Last Song
3431:978-0-35-865298-4
3296:978-0-85752-122-4
3234:978-0-261-10275-0
2982:Zimbardo, Rose A.
2876:978-0-261-10275-0
2785:978-0-87338-744-6
2751:978-0-87338-256-4
2605:978-1-934840-39-9
2409:Moorcock, Michael
2375:Moorcock, Michael
2360:978-0-415-86511-1
2301:. pp. 83–85.
2241:, 8 December 1955
2237:, letter #177 to
2221:978-0-415-96942-0
2141:The Hudson Review
2085:(14 April 1956).
2046:St Martin's Press
2019:978-0-7407-6157-7
1826:978-0-268-15854-5
1717:978-1-11965-602-9
1534:978-0-04928-039-7
900:is the Elf-queen
736:sense of peace?"
726:described in his
637:
636:
308:Ursula K. Le Guin
296:Lord of the Rings
284:chivalric romance
214:Early reviews of
16:(Redirected from
7191:
6983:Fate of Gundabad
6941:Rise of Isengard
6912:
6884:Shadow of Mordor
6863:War in the North
6811:Game Boy Advance
6506:
6452:
6210:derivative works
6201:
6141:Unfinished Tales
6134:The Silmarillion
5916:
5567:
5344:Northern courage
5289:Environmentalism
5269:Decline and fall
5204:Song of Eärendil
5114:
5102:
4947:J. R. R. Tolkien
4926:
4919:
4912:
4903:
4856:Tolkien research
4714:Michael Martinez
4673:Hamish Williams
4531:Helge Fauskanger
4457:John D. Rateliff
4361:Wayne G. Hammond
4343:Splintered Light
4223:Fleming Rutledge
4115:
4064:Finn and Hengest
4051:
3988:
3967:On Fairy-Stories
3924:
3760:Unfinished Tales
3752:The Silmarillion
3628:
3470:J. R. R. Tolkien
3463:
3456:
3449:
3440:
3435:
3398:
3397:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3322:
3309:
3308:
3279:Pratchett, Terry
3275:
3269:
3268:
3250:
3239:
3238:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3202:978-1403-91263-3
3179:
3166:
3165:
3164:on 18 June 2009.
3160:. Archived from
3152:(15 June 2009).
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3124:Socialist Review
3111:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2994:. pp. 7–8.
2973:
2967:
2966:
2962:978-0261-10401-3
2939:
2933:
2932:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2734:West, Richard C.
2730:
2724:
2723:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2649:
2634:
2633:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2546:The New Republic
2537:
2531:
2530:
2526:978-0261-10401-3
2503:
2497:
2496:
2478:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2389:on 24 March 2008
2385:. Archived from
2371:
2365:
2364:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2297:(2nd ed.).
2296:
2286:Honegger, Thomas
2278:
2267:
2266:
2253:J. R. R. Tolkien
2248:
2242:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2136:Parker, Douglass
2132:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2049:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2003:
1990:
1984:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1958:Mitchison, Naomi
1954:
1948:
1947:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1861:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1811:. pp. 1–6.
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1705:
1687:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1638:. Archived from
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1525:Unwin Paperbacks
1511:
1495:
1487:
1485:Hwaet We Gardena
1480:
1394:Splintered Light
1353:
1341:John D. Rateliff
1233:decline and fade
947:Splintered Light
859:The Silmarillion
827:Tolkien research
806:Tolkien's themes
742:The New Republic
641:Michael Moorcock
583:(and presumably
566:
489:
410:
405:'s 1957 review "
376:
249:The New Republic
246:described it in
244:Michael Straight
128:J. R. R. Tolkien
119:J. R. R. Tolkien
31:J. R. R. Tolkien
21:
7199:
7198:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7189:
7188:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7146:
7121:
7089:
7084:War of the Ring
7059:War of the Ring
7040:
7005:
6995:
6948:Riders of Rohan
6910:
6905:Return to Moria
6856:Aragorn's Quest
6798:War of the Ring
6756:Riders of Rohan
6693:
6666:
6629:Sagan om ringen
6612:
6607:Tolkien on Film
6570:
6536:
6500:
6493:
6441:
6382:
6346:Symphony No. 1
6324:
6297:
6247:
6212:
6195:
6080:
6070:
6027:
6018:Pelennor Fields
6001:
5901:
5875:
5810:
5617:
5610:
5552:
5473:
5434:First World War
5429:Classical world
5398:
5230:
5103:
5094:
4960:
4959:
4937:
4930:
4900:
4895:
4840:Tolkien Studies
4728:
4709:Glen GoodKnight
4685:
4585:Perilous Realms
4569:
4560:
4512:
4489:Richard C. West
4484:Anna Vaninskaya
4466:Brian Rosebury
4462:Robin Anne Reid
4405:Thomas Honegger
4365:Christina Scull
4286:Tolkien on Film
4239:
4232:
4179:
4175:Charles Moseley
4106:
4036:
4029:
4023:
4017:Jerusalem Bible
3986:
3981:On Translating
3917:
3910:
3904:
3735:
3729:
3629:
3620:
3503:
3496:
3495:
3472:
3467:
3432:
3413:, ed. (2023) .
3409:
3406:
3401:
3396:(1). Article 2.
3381:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3324:
3323:
3312:
3297:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3252:
3251:
3242:
3235:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3183:Rosebury, Brian
3181:
3180:
3169:
3150:Mieville, China
3148:
3147:
3143:
3134:
3132:
3115:Mieville, China
3113:
3112:
3108:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3049:Wheaton College
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2904:(1). Article 4.
2889:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2766:Flieger, Verlyn
2764:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2682:Charlton, Bruce
2680:
2679:
2675:
2651:
2650:
2637:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2480:
2479:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2421:. p. 181.
2419:Victor Gollancz
2407:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2294:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2263:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2196:
2195:
2184:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2134:
2133:
2124:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2051:
2034:Le Guin, Ursula
2032:
2031:
2027:
2020:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1981:Naomi Mitchison
1975:
1971:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1936:10.2307/1207129
1917:
1916:
1912:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1827:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1708:Wiley Blackwell
1703:
1689:
1688:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1642:on 10 June 2001
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1608:ABC News Online
1601:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1351:
1258:Terry Pratchett
1199:'s analysis of
1160:
1150:
1126:Norse mythology
1114:Marxist critics
1077:Wheaton College
1064:Tolkien Studies
932:Richard C. West
829:
823:
821:Tolkien studies
818:
812:, and methods.
663:
650:Winnie-the-Pooh
564:
403:Douglass Parker
382:literary critic
374:
343:
338:
332:
292:Naomi Mitchison
212:
125:
115:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7197:
7195:
7187:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7161:
7160:
7152:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7137:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7112:
7105:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7080:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7031:
7024:
7017:
7009:
7007:
7004:Tabletop role-
7001:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6986:
6979:
6972:
6965:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6930:
6927:Mines of Moria
6922:
6920:
6909:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6887:
6880:
6873:
6866:
6859:
6852:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6784:The Two Towers
6780:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6744:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6707:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6683:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6649:
6641:
6633:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6561:
6554:
6546:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6526:
6522:The Two Towers
6518:
6509:
6503:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6483:
6471:
6458:
6456:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6431:
6423:
6415:
6403:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6352:
6343:
6334:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6314:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6266:Pauline Baynes
6257:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6237:
6229:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6204:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6092:
6084:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6054:Rings of Power
6051:
6046:
6041:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6009:
6007:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5924:
5922:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5846:Old Man Willow
5843:
5842:
5841:
5831:
5826:
5820:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5743:
5738:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5655:
5650:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5622:
5620:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5586:
5581:
5575:
5573:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5516:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5449:Modern sources
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5412:Antiquarianism
5408:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5324:Mental illness
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5219:A Walking Song
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5194:
5182:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5153:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5083:Works inspired
5080:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5058:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4986:
4983:The Two Towers
4979:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4871:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4815:Tolkien fandom
4812:
4810:Tolkien Estate
4807:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4785:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4724:J. E. A. Tyler
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4652:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4628:Jonathan Evans
4625:
4624:
4623:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4602:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4579:Marjorie Burns
4575:
4573:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4551:Arden R. Smith
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4479:Amy H. Sturgis
4476:
4475:
4474:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4415:Paul H. Kocher
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4358:
4353:
4351:Michael Foster
4348:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4325:
4323:Verlyn Flieger
4320:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4277:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4260:
4255:
4253:Nicholas Birns
4250:
4244:
4242:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4149:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4121:
4119:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4096:
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4033:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3963:
3953:
3946:
3943:Sigelwara Land
3939:
3932:
3925:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3819:Morgoth's Ring
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3693:
3689:The Two Towers
3685:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3650:Leaf by Niggle
3646:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3543:
3540:A Walking Song
3536:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3508:
3506:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3430:
3422:Harper Collins
3405:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3374:
3345:
3310:
3295:
3289:. p. 86.
3270:
3240:
3233:
3208:
3201:
3167:
3141:
3106:
3089:
3061:
3036:
3007:
3000:
2968:
2961:
2934:
2923:(4): 450–459.
2907:
2882:
2875:
2848:
2822:
2791:
2784:
2778:. p. 38.
2757:
2750:
2740:. Kent, Ohio:
2725:
2702:
2673:
2635:
2629:Cross-Currents
2611:
2604:
2586:
2558:
2532:
2525:
2519:. p. 65.
2498:
2462:
2434:
2427:
2400:
2366:
2359:
2337:Colebatch, Hal
2325:
2316:Colebatch, Hal
2307:
2282:Curry, Patrick
2268:
2262:978-0231032070
2261:
2243:
2235:Carpenter 2023
2227:
2220:
2198:Lobdell, Jared
2182:
2159:
2148:(4): 598–609.
2122:
2105:
2083:Wilson, Edmund
2071:
2025:
2018:
1985:
1977:Carpenter 2023
1969:
1949:
1910:
1877:
1839:
1825:
1801:Wood, Ralph C.
1792:
1780:
1759:
1723:
1716:
1695:Lee, Stuart D.
1691:Curry, Patrick
1653:
1620:
1594:
1566:
1540:
1533:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1453:The New Yorker
1444:Michael Chabon
1436:China Miéville
1389:Verlyn Flieger
1349:intelligentsia
1333:Verlyn Flieger
1290:'s poem about
1197:Brian Rosebury
1164:Brian Rosebury
1149:
1146:
1122:China Miéville
1106:E. P. Thompson
942:Verlyn Flieger
865:'s research.
849:Paul H. Kocher
822:
819:
817:
816:Rehabilitation
814:
782:The historian
763:Romantic poets
704:Old Man Willow
662:
659:
635:
634:
605:
597:
596:
553:
549:
548:
529:
525:
524:
501:
497:
496:
493:
484:, rebutted by
342:
339:
331:
328:
270:Edmund Spenser
266:Richard Hughes
211:
208:
134:writer, poet,
132:Roman Catholic
114:
111:
93:have included
72:medieval-style
64:Brian Rosebury
57:Verlyn Flieger
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7196:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7157:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7037:
7036:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7018:
7016:
7015:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7006:playing games
7002:
6992:
6991:
6987:
6985:
6984:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6907:
6906:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6891:Shadow of War
6888:
6886:
6885:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6851:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6805:The Third Age
6802:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6714:
6713:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6689:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6558:Into the West
6555:
6552:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6539:
6532:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:Peter Jackson
6496:
6489:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6437:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6409:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6376:
6372:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6253:Illustrations
6250:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6129:
6128:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6077:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6004:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5613:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:Frame stories
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5329:Moral dilemma
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Luck and fate
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4956:
4955:
4952:Constructing
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4915:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Robert Foster
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:Vincent Ferré
4631:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4499:Rose Zimbardo
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4443:Jared Lobdell
4441:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4429:Stuart D. Lee
4427:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4340:
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4294:Patrick Curry
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4275:David Bratman
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4228:Ralph C. Wood
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4216:
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4128:
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4100:A Secret Vice
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4026:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:Ancrene Wisse
3999:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3973:Eucatastrophe
3971:
3970:
3968:
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3709:
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3707:Tree and Leaf
3704:
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3362:AllPoetry.com
3359:
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3333:
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3258:
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3225:HarperCollins
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
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3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3158:Omnivoracious
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3131:on 2010-10-31
3130:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
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3093:
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3078:
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3017:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3001:0-618-42253-6
2997:
2993:
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2979:
2972:
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2953:HarperCollins
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2722:(3): 151–166.
2721:
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2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1989:
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1982:
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1965:
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1959:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
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1907:
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1904:Faerie Queene
1892:
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1360:Stuart D. Lee
1357:
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1288:Basil Bunting
1285:
1284:Peter Jackson
1281:
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1263:
1259:
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1229:eucatastrophe
1226:
1222:
1218:
1210:
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1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
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1182:Northrop Frye
1179:
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1123:
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1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:Hal Colebatch
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1043:raison d'etre
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:Colin Manlove
1009:
1005:
1004:
995:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
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927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:individuation
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
855:
850:
842:
838:
833:
828:
820:
815:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:
785:
784:Jared Lobdell
780:
778:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
754:
749:
744:
743:
737:
735:
731:
730:
725:
724:Sigmund Freud
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:Farmer Maggot
697:
693:
689:
684:
680:
679:
674:
670:
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660:
658:
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551:
550:
546:
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538:
534:
530:
527:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
498:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:Patrick Curry
483:
477:
475:
474:Patrick Curry
471:
470:Hal Colebatch
467:
463:
458:
456:
455:
449:
445:
444:
439:
434:
432:
428:
427:
422:
418:
417:worldbuilding
414:
409:
404:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
385:Edmund Wilson
383:
380:In 1956, the
378:
372:
368:
364:
360:
352:
351:Edmund Wilson
347:
340:
337:
329:
327:
325:
323:
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
275:Faerie Queene
272:'s 1590–1596
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
240:
235:
234:
233:Paradise Lost
230:'s 1667–1674
229:
225:
221:
217:
209:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
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160:
155:
153:
152:
147:
146:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
120:
112:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
80:Patrick Curry
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:
32:
19:
7156:
7139:
7132:
7114:
7107:
7100:
7082:
7075:
7053:Middle Earth
7051:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
6989:
6982:
6975:
6969:Minas Morgul
6968:
6961:
6954:
6947:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6915:
6904:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6875:
6869:
6862:
6855:
6848:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6818:
6804:
6797:
6790:
6783:
6776:
6769:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6739:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6687:Born of Hope
6685:
6677:
6651:
6643:
6635:
6627:
6605:
6598:
6528:
6520:
6512:
6485:
6473:
6461:
6433:
6425:
6417:
6405:
6393:
6355:Led Zeppelin
6347:
6337:
6316:
6308:
6241:Muddle Earth
6239:
6231:
6223:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6112:The Sea-Bell
6107:Fastitocalon
6094:
6087:
5897:Tom Bombadil
5824:Barrow-wight
5529:Storytelling
5417:
5259:Christianity
5254:Architecture
5196:
5189:
5151:Black Speech
5136:Family trees
5055:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4953:
4932:
4888:
4881:
4873:
4865:
4850:
4838:
4780:
4719:Charles Noad
4676:
4654:
4647:
4638:Gergely Nagy
4618:
4604:
4597:
4583:
4566:Medievalists
4556:Allan Turner
4503:
4469:
4447:
4433:
4419:
4400:Randel Helms
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4318:Jason Fisher
4308:
4304:Dimitra Fimi
4284:
4265:
4213:Holly Ordway
4208:Peter Kreeft
4203:Colin Duriez
4165:
4151:
4144:
4129:
4098:
4093:Sellic Spell
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4037:
4015:
4000:
3992:
3982:
3957:
3918:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3779:(1983–1996)
3774:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3640:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3569:The Sea-Bell
3562:Fastitocalon
3545:
3530:
3520:
3511:
3484:Bibliography
3420:. New York:
3414:
3393:
3387:
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3361:
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3330:
3282:
3273:
3259:(42): 5–10.
3254:
3220:
3217:Shippey, Tom
3211:
3187:
3162:the original
3157:
3144:
3133:. Retrieved
3129:the original
3122:
3109:
3098:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3074:
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3019:
3010:
2986:
2971:
2946:
2943:Shippey, Tom
2937:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2901:
2895:
2885:
2860:
2857:Shippey, Tom
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2807:
2770:
2760:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2689:
2676:
2659:
2653:
2627:
2595:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2571:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2545:
2535:
2510:
2507:Shippey, Tom
2501:
2492:
2486:
2453:. Retrieved
2447:
2437:
2412:
2403:
2391:. Retrieved
2387:the original
2383:RevolutionSF
2382:
2369:
2344:
2319:
2310:
2304:Bibliography
2290:
2252:
2246:
2239:Rayner Unwin
2230:
2205:
2176:The Observer
2174:
2145:
2139:
2115:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2090:
2057:
2053:
2041:
2037:
2028:
1999:
1994:Ebert, Roger
1988:
1972:
1961:
1952:
1930:(1): 43–59.
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1894:. Retrieved
1880:
1867:
1865:
1858:. Retrieved
1852:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1804:
1795:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1739:
1732:Auden, W. H.
1726:
1699:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1633:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1579:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1553:
1543:
1519:
1509:
1489:
1478:
1464:Rayner Unwin
1457:
1451:
1448:Anthony Lane
1419:
1404:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1367:
1363:
1345:Gergely Nagy
1337:Dimitra Fimi
1326:
1324:
1319:
1295:
1279:
1273:
1266:standing on
1255:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1225:Tom Bombadil
1214:
1209:Middle-earth
1200:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1117:
1109:
1095:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1023:The Wanderer
1021:
1015:
1001:
999:
991:
988:Middle-earth
962:
952:
945:
935:
930:
873:
867:
858:
852:
846:
840:
798:Brian Aldiss
793:
787:
781:
774:
769:, while the
751:
740:
738:
734:prelapsarian
727:
708:Tom Bombadil
682:
676:
666:
664:
661:21st century
654:
648:
638:
628:
620:
560:
556:
459:
452:
447:
443:The Observer
441:
435:
424:
423:is fantasy,
420:
412:
397:
379:
363:the Inklings
358:
356:
341:20th century
326:
319:
311:
300:The Inklings
295:
273:
262:Elven tongue
257:
254:Iris Murdoch
247:
237:
231:
223:
215:
213:
199:
195:
187:
183:
158:
157:In 1954–55,
156:
149:
143:
140:high fantasy
126:
90:
88:
67:
61:
45:Iris Murdoch
34:
29:
7126:Other games
7045:Board games
6955:Helm's Deep
6703:Video games
6480:Rankin/Bass
6430:(BBC, 1981)
6310:Fellowship!
6293:Ted Nasmith
6206:Adaptations
6013:Helm's Deep
5536:Prose style
5524:Interlacing
5487:Anachronism
5469:Shakespeare
5076:Tolkienmoot
5066:Fan fiction
5031:Translating
4643:Tom Shippey
4593:Jane Chance
4571:Classicists
4118:Biographers
4028:Posthumous
3945:" (1932–34)
3734:Posthumous
3522:Bagme Bloma
3354:Pound, Ezra
2171:Muir, Edwin
2098:1 September
2060:: 105–114.
1773:19 November
1406:ideology",
1376:BBC Radio 4
1372:Waterstones
1316:T. S. Eliot
1304:Thick Texts
1270:Roz Kaveney
1195:Diagram of
1138:subcreation
984:philologist
980:Tom Shippey
970:Jane Chance
894:Ringwraiths
771:Ringwraiths
767:their Rings
688:Tom Shippey
615:" and like
466:nationalist
349:The critic
304:C. S. Lewis
288:interlacing
228:John Milton
220:W. H. Auden
194:customers,
136:philologist
78:. In 2014,
53:Tom Shippey
49:C. S. Lewis
41:W. H. Auden
7163:Categories
7094:Card games
6637:Khraniteli
6582:Production
6089:The Hobbit
5970:Lothlórien
5936:Old Forest
5802:Wormtongue
5658:Half-elven
5653:Glorfindel
5479:Techniques
5404:Influences
5047:Reception
4756:Influences
4699:Lin Carter
4546:David Salo
4541:Tom Loback
4356:Nick Groom
4140:John Garth
3842:Roverandom
3642:The Hobbit
3135:2011-11-13
3100:The Nation
2695:25 January
2551:1 February
2455:1 February
2092:The Nation
2008:. p.
1752:4 December
1502:References
1440:Junot Diaz
1432:mythopoeic
1292:Ezra Pound
1262:Mount Fuji
1221:Old Forest
896:. Frodo's
810:influences
748:David Brin
720:Lothlórien
593:Shire-folk
557:The Hobbit
438:Edwin Muir
400:classicist
367:Hugo Dyson
192:Amazon.com
171:Ballantine
145:The Hobbit
6565:May It Be
6361:Ramble On
6278:John Howe
6044:Palantírs
5946:The Shire
5941:Rivendell
5920:Geography
5892:Goldberry
5736:Beornings
5692:Treebeard
5680:Thranduil
5648:Galadriel
5546:Epic Pooh
5541:Ambiguity
5464:Philology
5454:Modernism
5374:Sexuality
5146:Languages
4851:Reception
4846:Memorials
4518:Linguists
4185:Christian
4047:Sir Orfeo
3994:Sir Orfeo
3969:" (1939)
3768:Mr. Bliss
3504:and songs
3305:856191939
3287:Doubleday
3219:(2005) .
3185:(2003) .
3082:8 January
3054:8 January
3029:8 January
2859:(2005) .
2841:8 January
2573:Salon.com
2351:Routledge
2212:Routledge
2050:cited in
1635:Salon.com
1554:USA Today
1517:(1978) .
1424:philology
1408:modernism
1387:and then
1364:Companion
1356:Blackwell
1219:, in the
1217:the Shire
1112:". Other
1088:Communism
1026:is "real
902:Galadriel
759:feudalism
716:Rivendell
696:the Shire
645:Epic Pooh
630:Moby Dick
609:Galadriel
440:wrote in
167:Ace Books
84:modernism
6849:Conquest
6719:Game One
6671:Fan-made
6575:Approach
6455:Animated
6377:" (1971)
6370:" (1971)
6363:" (1969)
6283:Alan Lee
6102:Errantry
6059:One Ring
6023:Morannon
5995:Isengard
5975:Mirkwood
5927:Eriador
5816:Monsters
5769:Denethor
5746:Dúnedain
5741:Drúedain
5599:Radagast
5444:Medieval
5349:Paganism
5226:Proverbs
5166:Sindarin
5141:Heraldry
5118:Elements
5109:Analysis
5071:Oxonmoot
5056:Literary
4997:Stories
4971:Volumes
4782:Mythlore
4776:Inklings
4238:Literary
4111:Scholars
4095:" (2014)
4030:academic
4012:" (1963)
3962:" (1936)
3952:" (1934)
3938:" (1929)
3931:" (1925)
3909:Academic
3652:" (1947)
3555:Errantry
3542:" (1954)
3367:8 August
3338:6 August
3281:(2013).
3265:45320500
3193:Palgrave
3103:: 68–72.
2984:(eds.).
2945:(2001).
2815:7 August
2768:(2002).
2736:(1981).
2668:43308359
2579:7 August
2509:(2001).
2393:7 August
2377:(1987).
2318:(2003).
2066:45296990
1996:(2006).
1896:7 August
1860:7 August
1803:(2015).
1746:Archived
1646:7 August
1613:5 August
1587:7 August
1559:5 August
1400:metaphor
1391:'s 1983
1205:the Ring
1142:allegory
1134:monsters
1056:the Ring
1017:Ubi sunt
851:'s 1972
839:View of
541:Denethor
431:allegory
176:Big Read
6826:Tactics
6763:Elendor
6656:(2022)
6645:Hobitit
6482:, 1980)
6470:, 1978)
6414:, 1979)
6402:, 1955)
6302:Theatre
6079:Related
6039:Mithril
6032:Objects
6006:Battles
5951:Bag End
5797:Théoden
5774:Faramir
5764:Boromir
5751:Aragorn
5699:Hobbits
5675:Legolas
5626:Dwarves
5618:peoples
5604:Saruman
5594:Gandalf
5589:Wizards
5579:Balrogs
5562:Peoples
5418:Beowulf
5309:Heroism
5299:Forests
5284:England
5279:Economy
5198:Namárië
5173:Khuzdul
5126:Artwork
5041:Swedish
4878:(album)
4867:Tolkien
4761:Artwork
4737:Related
4691:Popular
4240:critics
3983:Beowulf
3958:Beowulf
3736:fiction
3634:Fiction
3550:(1962)
3516:(1936)
3489:Letters
3404:Sources
2343:(ed.).
2288:(ed.).
2204:(ed.).
2154:4621633
1944:1207129
1697:(ed.).
1491:Beowulf
1251:Sublime
1241:Mallorn
1223:, with
1130:tragedy
955:fantasy
926:Faramir
910:Gandalf
882:Aragorn
837:Jungian
577:Saruman
537:Boromir
531:Frodo,
391:and no
113:Context
95:Marxist
7069:Sauron
6962:Mordor
6898:Gollum
6750:(SNES)
6748:Vol. I
6742:(1990)
6740:Vol. I
6690:(2009)
6682:(2009)
6648:(1993)
6640:(1991)
6632:(1971)
6533:(2003)
6525:(2002)
6517:(2001)
6501:series
6490:(2024)
6468:Bakshi
6438:(1992)
6422:(1980)
6351:(1988)
6342:(1972)
6321:(2006)
6313:(2005)
6244:(2003)
6236:(1999)
6228:(1969)
5985:Mordor
5960:Gondor
5887:Eagles
5861:Trolls
5856:Shelob
5834:Nazgûl
5829:Gollum
5759:Gondor
5719:Pippin
5668:Elrond
5584:Sauron
5424:Celtic
5364:Quests
5354:Plants
5236:Themes
5185:Poetry
5161:Quenya
5156:Elvish
5061:Fandom
5051:Impact
4832:Awards
4744:Family
4363:&
4103:(2016)
4091:with "
4083:(2002)
4075:(1983)
4067:(1982)
4059:(1981)
4056:Exodus
4045:, and
4005:(1962)
3997:(1944)
3989:(1940)
3901:(2022)
3893:(2021)
3885:(2018)
3877:(2017)
3869:(2015)
3861:(2007)
3853:(2007)
3845:(1998)
3771:(1982)
3763:(1980)
3755:(1977)
3747:(1976)
3726:(1967)
3718:(1966)
3710:(1964)
3700:(1955)
3692:(1954)
3684:(1954)
3668:(1949)
3660:(1945)
3645:(1937)
3612:(2013)
3604:(2009)
3596:(1974)
3588:(1967)
3535:(1953)
3502:Poetry
3428:
3303:
3293:
3263:
3231:
3199:
2998:
2959:
2873:
2782:
2748:
2666:
2602:
2523:
2425:
2357:
2259:
2218:
2152:
2064:
2016:
1942:
1823:
1714:
1531:
1442:, and
1416:ironic
1296:Cantos
1136:, and
1084:Nazism
1054:about
914:Gollum
906:Shelob
776:hubris
718:, and
611:is "a
585:Sauron
579:, the
539:, and
533:Gollum
521:Pippin
142:works
105:; and
47:, and
6660:music
6621:Other
6542:Music
6387:Radio
6330:Music
6217:Books
6081:works
5990:Rohan
5980:Moria
5965:Harad
5911:World
5880:Other
5866:Wargs
5792:Éowyn
5787:Éomer
5782:Rohan
5714:Merry
5709:Frodo
5704:Bilbo
5663:Arwen
5643:Elves
5636:Gimli
5631:Balin
5571:Maiar
5439:Norse
5394:Women
5389:Trees
5334:Music
5319:Magic
4965:About
4043:Pearl
3911:works
3261:JSTOR
2664:JSTOR
2495:(22).
2295:(PDF)
2150:JSTOR
2062:JSTOR
1940:JSTOR
1871:'
1704:(PDF)
1470:Notes
1459:Salon
1314:like
1028:elegy
1008:Frodo
922:Eowyn
918:Arwen
898:anima
886:Frodo
753:Salon
617:Éowyn
573:Smaug
517:Merry
509:Frodo
505:Bilbo
415:as a
6447:Film
6208:and
5931:Bree
5851:Orcs
5687:Ents
5616:Free
5384:Time
5369:Race
5304:Hell
5294:Evil
5180:Maps
3426:ISBN
3369:2020
3340:2020
3301:OCLC
3291:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3197:ISBN
3084:2016
3056:2016
3031:2016
2996:ISBN
2957:ISBN
2871:ISBN
2843:2016
2817:2020
2780:ISBN
2746:ISBN
2697:2022
2600:ISBN
2581:2020
2553:2011
2521:ISBN
2457:2011
2423:ISBN
2395:2020
2355:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2100:2012
2014:ISBN
1898:2020
1862:2020
1821:ISBN
1775:2019
1754:2010
1712:ISBN
1648:2020
1615:2020
1589:2020
1561:2020
1529:ISBN
1426:; a
1381:very
1374:and
1343:and
1300:Alps
1186:mode
1178:epic
1156:and
1086:and
1050:, a
940:and
712:Bree
519:and
472:and
426:ergo
395:."
169:and
148:and
121:and
55:and
6412:NPR
6400:BBC
5780:of
5757:of
5731:Men
5724:Sam
2925:doi
2010:897
1932:doi
1813:doi
1450:in
1294:'s
1238:In
1094:in
944:'s
872:of
595:".
555:In
513:Sam
377:"
180:BBC
7165::
4041:,
3676::
3424:.
3392:.
3386:.
3360:.
3356:.
3329:.
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3299:.
3285:.
3243:^
3191:.
3170:^
3156:.
3121:.
3117:.
3073:.
3047:.
3022:.
3018:.
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2919:.
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2806:.
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2744:.
2718:.
2714:.
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2638:^
2626:.
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2570:.
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2491:.
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2125:^
2089:.
2074:^
2058:20
2056:.
2044:.
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2004:.
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1926:.
1900:.
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