31:
870:
The last recorded eruption of Reclus was in 1908, but local press reports in the 1980s and 1990s attributed earthquakes to volcanic activity at Reclus and Burney. Seismic activity was noted at Reclus in 1998 and 2003, and possible eruption phenomena were reported in 2008 in form of tephra deposition
2429:
Del Carlo, Paola; Di
Roberto, Alessio; D'Orazio, Massimo; Petrelli, Maurizio; Angioletti, Andrea; Zanchetta, Giovanni; Maggi, Valter; Daga, Romina; Nazzari, Manuela; Rocchi, Sergio (September 2018). "Late Glacial-Holocene tephra from southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile): A
323:
rocks of pre- or inter-glacial age. The rest of the volcano consists of a 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) wide outcrop of violet-reddish-brown pyroclastic material that is in part covered by snow. Traces of glacial erosion are not widespread on the edifice, but a radial pattern of erosional gullys
2568:
Moy, Christopher M.; Dunbar, Robert B.; Moreno, Patricio I.; Francois, Jean-Pierre; Villa-MartĂnez, Rodrigo; Mucciarone, David M.; Guilderson, Thomas P.; Garreaud, RenĂ© D. (2008-07-01). "Isotopic evidence for hydrologic change related to the westerlies in SW Patagonia, Chile, during the last
382:
The volcano was at first confused with Cerro Mano del Diablo, a mountain located southwest of Reclus proper and formed by sedimentary rocks; only in 1987 was the volcano's true location discovered. This volcano, like other volcanoes of the
Austral Volcanic Zone, is not monitored and lies at
2163:
Hartman, Laura H.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Winski, Dominic A.; Cruz-Uribe, Alicia M.; Davies, Siwan M.; Dunbar, Nelia W.; Iverson, Nels A.; Aydin, Murat; Fegyveresi, John M.; Ferris, David G.; Fudge, T. J.; Osterberg, Erich C.; Hargreaves, Geoffrey M.; Yates, Martin G. (8 October 2019).
656:. Some of these deposits were formed by tephra that originally fell onto glaciers and was later transported to the eventual finding sites. The tephra emission from this and later eruptions surely disrupted the local ecosystem and human habitations in the region as far south as
756:
and other locations in
Patagonia and emplaced between 8,270 ± 90 and 9,435 ± 40 radiocarbon years ago may have originated in minor eruptions of Reclus. One of these eruptions, at 9,180 ± 120 radiocarbon years ago, might have deposited ash as far as
2884:
WastegĂĄrd, S.; Veres, D.; Kliem, P.; Hahn, A.; Ohlendorf, C.; Zolitschka, B. (2013-07-01). "Towards a late
Quaternary tephrochronological framework for the southernmost part of South America – the Laguna Potrok Aike tephra record".
875:
announced that they would install an experimental surveillance system at Reclus and in 2020 it was classified as a "type III" volcano, meaning a high-hazard volcano. Ash from a future eruption of Reclus could be swept into the
2358:
2229:
Narcisi, Biancamaria; Petit, Jean Robert; Delmonte, Barbara; Scarchilli, Claudio; Stenni, Barbara (2012-08-23). "A 16,000-yr tephra framework for the
Antarctic ice sheet: a contribution from the new Talos Dome core".
2042:
Moreno, P. I.; Villa-MartĂnez, R.; Cárdenas, M. L.; Sagredo, E. A. (2012-05-18). "Deglacial changes of the southern margin of the southern westerly winds revealed by terrestrial records from SW Patagonia (52°S)".
383:
considerable distance from human habitation. This remoteness of the volcanoes in the region and the frequently hostile weather conditions often make it difficult to identify volcanoes and their precise location.
2127:
Breuer, Sonja; Kilian, Rolf; Baeza, Oscar; Lamy, Frank; Arz, Helge (2013-04-01). "Holocene denudation rates from the superhumid southernmost
Chilean Patagonian Andes (53°S) deduced from lake sediment budgets".
418:
activity; Lautaro erupted in 1959. Activity in the
Austral Volcanic Zone has resulted in the widespread deposition of tephra in southernmost South America. All of them have erupted exclusively
2663:
Smith, Rebecca E.; Smith, Victoria C.; Fontijn, Karen; Gebhardt, A. Catalina; WastegĂĄrd, Stefan; Zolitschka, Bernd; Ohlendorf, Christian; Stern, Charles; Mayr, Christoph (15 August 2019).
824:, Antarctica, and emplaced there 3,390 years before present is compositionally similar to Reclus products. However, there is little evidence for large eruptions at Reclus during the late
202:. A large eruption – among the largest known in the Austral Volcanic Zone – occurred 15,260–14,373 years before present and released over 5 cubic kilometres (1.2 cu mi) of
1941:
Fogwill, C. J.; Kubik, P. W. (2005-06-01). "A glacial stage spanning the antarctic cold reversal in torres del paine (51°s), chile, based on preliminary cosmogenic exposure ages".
1774:
Martin, Fabiana MarĂa; Borrero, Luis
Alberto (2017-01-15). "Climate change, availability of territory, and Late Pleistocene human exploration of Ultima Esperanza, South Chile".
214:, and disrupted the ecosystem in the region. Subsequently, further but smaller eruptions occurred during the Pleistocene and Holocene. The last historical eruption was in 1908.
319:
and is a small volcano. Seen from above, the volcano has the shape of an egg; the pointy end points due west and consists of 150–200 metres (490–660 ft) thick remnants of
2761:
Stern, C. R.; Kilian, Rolf (1996-04-01). "Role of the subducted slab, mantle wedge and continental crust in the generation of adakites from the Andean
Austral Volcanic Zone".
351:
and the glacier is actively eroding Reclus; retreat of the glacier in the 1980s has exposed part of the volcano. Reclus lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the
1562:
Cusminsky, Gabriela; Schwalb, Antje; PĂ©rez, Alejandra P.; Pineda, Daniela; Viehberg, Finn; Whatley, Robin; Markgraf, Vera; Gilli, Andrea; Ariztegui, Daniel (2011-06-01).
784:
A tephra dated to 2,000 years before present in Torres del Paine have been attributed to Reclus. The tephra has been found in Lago
Guanaco, Lago Margarita and Vega NandĂş.
2359:"ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL APROVECHAMIENTOS HIDROELÉCTRICOS DEL RÍO SANTA CRUZ (PRESIDENTE DR.NÉSTOR C.KIRCHNER Y GOBERNADOR JORGE CEPERNIC), PROVINCIA DE SANTA CRUZ"
2808:"Evolution of ice-dammed proglacial lakes in ultima Esperanza, Chile: implications from the late-glacial R1 eruption of Reclus volcano, Andean Austral Volcanic Zone"
2539:
McCulloch, Robert D.; Davies, Sarah J. (2001-09-15). "Late-glacial and Holocene palaeoenvironmental change in the central Strait of Magellan, southern Patagonia".
2841:
Villavicencio, Natalia A.; Lindsey, Emily L.; Martin, Fabiana M.; Borrero, Luis A.; Moreno, Patricio I.; Marshall, Charles R.; Barnosky, Anthony D. (2016-02-01).
2843:"Combination of humans, climate, and vegetation change triggered Late Quaternary megafauna extinction in the Ăšltima Esperanza region, southern Patagonia, Chile"
299:
in southern Chile and Argentina. These two volcanic zones are separated from each other and the Austral Volcanic Zone by gaps without recent volcanic activity.
1623:"Evolución Paleogeográfica y Paleoecológica del Sistema de Fiordos del Seno Skyring y Seno Otway en la Región de Magallanes Durante el Tardiglacial y Holoceno"
675:
unlike closer deposits. These deposits have been used as stratigraphic and chronological markers for events at the end of the last glaciation in the region.
386:
Reclus is part of the Austral Volcanic Zone, a belt of volcanoes at the southernmost tip of South America which includes six volcanoes: from north to south,
2948:
1199:
1239:
1128:
2379:
790:
Another tephra dated 1,035 radiocarbon years ago in Lago Guanaco, Torres del Paine. Also much less extensive than R1, it has been called "R3 tephra".
573:
to have occurred 12,640 ± 260 radiocarbon years ago. Its total volume has been estimated at over 5 cubic kilometres (1.2 cu mi) and with a
1727:
Miotti, L.; Salemme, M. C. (2003-01-01). "When Patagonia was colonized: people mobility at high latitudes during Pleistocene/Holocene transition".
3612:
63:
1689:
Markgraf, Vera; Huber, Ulli M. (2010-11-10). "Late and postglacial vegetation and fire history in Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego".
941:
However, this occurrence of Reclus tephra seems to be younger than the R1 eruption and may reflect complexity in the history of this volcano
3657:
1627:
1200:"Ambientes glaciolacustres y construcciĂłn estructural de morrenas frontales tardiglaciales en Torres del Paine, Patagonia austral chilena"
787:
A tephra dated 1,789 radiocarbon years ago in Lago Guanaco, Torres del Paine. Much less extensive than R1, it has been called "R2 tephra".
2921:
2706:
Stern, Charles R. (2008-02-01). "Holocene tephrochronology record of large explosive eruptions in the southernmost Patagonian Andes".
2806:
Stern, Charles R.; Moreno, Patricio I.; Villa-Martinez, Rodrigo; Sagredo, Esteban A.; Prieto, Alfredo; Labarca, Rafael (2011-03-22).
3662:
3652:
3647:
3642:
1862:
713:
Reclus tephra into Laguna Potrok Aike. 12,000 years before present, a large eruption occurred at Reclus and deposited ash over the
932:
Originally it was estimated to be over 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), but this estimate was later found to be a mathematical error
406:. These volcanoes are not very high, seldom exceeding 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). With the exception of the last they are all
1448:"Evidence for distal transport of reworked Andean tephra: Extending the cryptotephra framework from the Austral volcanic zone"
3627:
2941:
2510:
Mcculloch, Robert D; Bentley, Michael J (1998-08-01). "Late glacial ice advances in the Strait of Magellan, southern Chile".
249:
at a rate of 2 centimetres per year (0.79 in/year). This subduction process is responsible for volcanic activity in the
2166:"Volcanic glass properties from 1459 C.E. volcanic event in South Pole ice core dismiss Kuwae caldera as a potential source"
3637:
3617:
2665:"Refining the Late Quaternary tephrochronology for southern South America using the Laguna Potrok Aike sedimentary record"
1127:
Van Wyk de Vries, Maximillian; Wickert, Andrew D.; MacGregor, Kelly R.; Rada, Camilo; Willis, Michael J. (26 April 2022).
722:
356:
172:
1997:"Pollen evidence for variations in the southern margin of the westerly winds in SW Patagonia over the last 12,600 years"
889:
653:
56:
3632:
145:
781:
A tephra with an age of 10,600–10,200 also comes from Reclus and originated in an eruption smaller than the R1 event.
3404:
2973:
2608:
Perucca, Laura; Alvarado, Patricia; Saez, Mauro (2016-07-01). "Neotectonics and seismicity in southern Patagonia".
901:
574:
446:
3622:
3291:
2934:
2403:
1778:. The Frison Institute symposium: International perspectives on climate change and Archaeology. 428, Part B: 88.
768:
has been covered by tephra at least six times. Eruptions have also been inferred from tephra deposits elsewhere:
621:
1447:
975:
859:
indicates that an earlier eruption occurred in 1869. The volcano first appeared in the 1922 edition of the map
856:
3474:
829:
442:
character, but there does not appear to be an unifying reason for this chemistry among the various volcanoes.
3494:
2486:
2312:
1564:"Late quaternary environmental changes in Patagonia as inferred from lacustrine fossil and extant ostracods"
980:
718:
3156:
2389:
881:
726:
613:
435:
296:
221:
began only recently. Two dams are located close to the volcano and might be impacted by future eruptions.
129:
2487:"Sobre el hallazgo del mitico volcan Reclus, ex Mano del Diablo, Hielo Patagonico Sur, Magallanes, Chile"
1852:
3146:
3106:
2807:
2272:"Registro HistĂłrico de Antecedentes Volcánicos y SĂsmicos en la Patagonia Austral y la Tierra del Fuego"
1731:. SOUTH AMERICA: LONG AND WINDING ROADS FOR THE FIRST AMERICANS AT THE PLEISTOCENE/HOLOCENE TRANSITION.
292:
250:
235:
180:
3469:
3414:
1621:
Kilian, R.; Baeza, O.; Breuer, S.; RĂos, F.; Arz, H.; Lamy, F.; Wirtz, J.; Baque, D.; Korf, P. (2013).
1521:
Kilian, Rolf; Hohner, Miriam; Biester, Harald; Wallrabe-Adams, Hans J.; Stern, Charles R. (July 2003).
1198:
GarcĂa, Juan-Luis; Strelin, Jorge A.; Vega, Rodrigo M.; Hall, Brenda L.; Stern, Charles R. (May 2015).
2430:
complete textural and geochemical fingerprinting for distal correlations in the Southern Hemisphere".
272:
was subducted here and this caused a temporary pause of the subduction process and the formation of a
3509:
3479:
3449:
3409:
3346:
3331:
3221:
3083:
2957:
2894:
2854:
2770:
2715:
2676:
2617:
2578:
2548:
2519:
2439:
2239:
2177:
2137:
2052:
2008:
1996:
1950:
1779:
1736:
1698:
1462:
794:
753:
566:
360:
246:
557:. In general, distinguishing Reclus tephras from these of Aguilera, Lautaro or Viedma is difficult.
3434:
3038:
597:
470:
163:; sometimes confused with Cerro Mano del Diablo southwest of Reclus), also written as ReclĂşs, is a
30:
852:
352:
160:
3567:
3399:
3126:
2794:
2749:
2651:
2473:
2024:
1974:
1486:
885:
742:
625:
570:
542:
466:
395:
325:
287:
Farther north in Chile and Argentina, volcanism occurs as a consequence of the subduction of the
218:
633:
593:
577:
of 6 it is among the largest volcanic eruptions of the Austral Volcanic Zone, exceeding that of
183:
of the Andes, its summit rises 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level and is capped by a
3557:
3514:
3489:
3351:
3028:
2993:
2978:
2872:
2829:
2786:
2741:
2694:
2643:
2498:
2465:
2324:
2293:
2211:
2193:
1966:
1858:
1656:
1585:
1544:
1478:
1221:
1073:
629:
550:
431:
387:
372:
258:
138:
1523:"Holocene peat and lake sediment tephra record from the southernmost Chilean Andes (53–55°S)"
545:
and dated to 63,200 years ago and 44,000–51,000 years ago may come from Reclus. However, the
469:. The terrain surrounding Reclus is formed by the volcanic-sedimentary El Quemado and Zapata
3562:
3484:
3464:
3419:
3296:
3261:
3023:
2998:
2902:
2862:
2819:
2778:
2731:
2723:
2684:
2633:
2625:
2594:
2586:
2556:
2527:
2455:
2447:
2283:
2247:
2201:
2185:
2145:
2068:
2060:
2016:
1958:
1795:
1787:
1744:
1706:
1646:
1636:
1575:
1534:
1470:
1211:
1146:
1136:
1129:"Atypical landslide induces speedup, advance, and long-term slowdown of a tidewater glacier"
1063:
864:
841:
758:
749:
668:
657:
649:
554:
534:
518:
391:
364:
337:
308:
211:
3389:
3361:
3226:
3048:
2988:
2380:"Evalúan necesidad de nuevos observatorios como siguiente paso de la vigilancia volcánica"
867:
people about "black smoke" in the region could also refer to volcanic activity at Reclus.
617:
592:
as "Tephra A", was deposited at various sites in southernmost Chile and Argentina such as
239:
184:
3454:
1854:
Patagonia: Natural History, Prehistory, and Ethnography at the Uttermost End of the Earth
2898:
2858:
2774:
2719:
2680:
2621:
2582:
2552:
2523:
2443:
2243:
2181:
2141:
2056:
2012:
1954:
1783:
1740:
1702:
1466:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
3281:
3206:
2206:
2165:
921:
689:
514:
348:
329:
188:
110:
2560:
2531:
1748:
3606:
3529:
3524:
3504:
3136:
3008:
2753:
2655:
2477:
1978:
1962:
1580:
1563:
1490:
832:
volcano in the Southern Volcanic Zone has been proposed as a source for this tephra.
734:
609:
605:
502:
407:
371:
30 kilometres (19 mi) east of the volcano. Politically, the volcano lies in the
316:
168:
2906:
2798:
2689:
2664:
2590:
2451:
2288:
2271:
2251:
2064:
2028:
1641:
1622:
1539:
1522:
1068:
1051:
3577:
3539:
3316:
3256:
3181:
2149:
738:
730:
714:
710:
645:
601:
582:
399:
529:
Reclus together with Aguilera, Hudson and Monte Burney has been a major source of
1791:
1710:
1474:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
3534:
3384:
3251:
3246:
3236:
3176:
2983:
2384:
2020:
872:
680:
506:
454:
450:
288:
273:
195:
164:
134:
2189:
1651:
970:
438:
farther north. These rocks in the case of the Austral Volcanic Zone are all of
324:
overlays the volcano. In 2019, a 0.26 cubic kilometres (0.062 cu mi)
3444:
3276:
3271:
3231:
3201:
3111:
3078:
3073:
3033:
2727:
821:
684:
641:
498:
490:
284:
volcanism. Later subduction restarted and the Austral Volcanic Zone was born.
269:
2876:
2833:
2790:
2745:
2698:
2647:
2502:
2469:
2328:
2297:
2197:
1970:
1660:
1589:
1548:
1482:
1225:
1077:
709:
Soon after the R1 eruption, an eruption 15,700 years ago deposited the first
667:
The composition of the tephra varies between different outcrops; outcrops in
264:
Not all volcanism at these latitudes was triggered by subduction; during the
78:
65:
3394:
3379:
3356:
3321:
3301:
3286:
3141:
3121:
2824:
1216:
877:
637:
589:
546:
538:
494:
458:
445:
Aguilera, Reclus and Burney are constructed along the eastern margin of the
277:
207:
3003:
2215:
1330:
1328:
661:
2782:
2110:
2108:
261:. This subduction process is not accompanied by much earthquake activity.
3582:
3519:
3459:
3429:
3336:
3266:
3196:
3191:
3161:
3131:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3043:
825:
817:
676:
578:
486:
462:
439:
419:
415:
403:
281:
254:
199:
2736:
2599:
2460:
2073:
1672:
1670:
1151:
3424:
3341:
3326:
3311:
3216:
3186:
3018:
3013:
2867:
2842:
2638:
1800:
1319:
1097:
805:
772:
12,480 years before present also and deposited ash in Tierra del Fuego.
672:
411:
376:
320:
265:
242:
797:
appears to come from an eruption at Reclus 1,040 years before present.
3499:
3439:
3306:
3241:
3211:
3171:
3151:
3116:
3088:
1240:"Sernageomin comienza marcha blanca para monitoreo del volcán Burney"
1141:
530:
510:
482:
427:
423:
344:
203:
187:
about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide. Close to the volcano lies the
46:
2889:. Potrok Aike Maar Lake Sediment Archive Drilling Project (PASADO).
2629:
996:
994:
992:
990:
2926:
808:
deposits in Antarctic ice cores that were previously attributed to
3166:
3053:
1876:
1874:
847:
observed a volcanic eruption in an icefield and named the volcano
809:
176:
117:
103:
2087:
1826:
1601:
1599:
1446:
Monteath, A. J.; Hughes, P. D. M.; WastegĂĄrd, S. (1 April 2019).
328:
took place on its northeastern flank, which propagated below the
1838:
1761:
1394:
1377:
765:
333:
2930:
1851:
McEwan, Colin; Borrero, Luis A.; Prieto, Alfredo (2014-07-14).
513:
also form xenocrysts. The magmas of Reclus appear to form from
861:
West Coast of South AmĂ©rica from Magellan Strait to ValparaĂso
1279:
1277:
701:
about 16,000 years ago, which may have originated at Reclus.
1052:"Active Andean volcanism: its geologic and tectonic setting"
1028:
1026:
1024:
1011:
1009:
3594:
Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south
1995:
Villa-MartĂnez, Rodrigo; Moreno, Patricio I. (2007-11-01).
1990:
1988:
1244:
Intendencia Región de Magallanes y de la Antárctica Chilena
801:
2313:"Actividad volcanica historica en la Region de Magallanes"
1166:
1164:
1162:
1110:
1108:
1106:
565:
A large eruption, called "R1", occurred at the end of the
1406:
1358:
1334:
549:
content of the later tephra seems to correlate more with
2114:
2099:
1676:
1346:
1268:
775:
10,430 years before present, found in Torres del Paine.
581:
eruptions in the region including the 1991 eruption of
778:
9,624 years before present, found in Torres del Paine.
1441:
1439:
741:. The date of the eruption has been constrained with
2404:"Sernageomin da a conocer nuevo ranking de volcanes"
1193:
1191:
3548:
3370:
3097:
2964:
2341:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1000:
144:
128:
123:
109:
99:
94:
55:
45:
40:
23:
1616:
1614:
481:The groundmass of Reclus rocks is compositionally
253:; south of the southernmost volcano of this zone,
2541:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1943:Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography
1691:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
871:and cracks in the glaciers. In 2015, the Chilean
804:eruption was proposed to explain the presence of
16:Volcano located in the Patagonia Ice Field, Chile
2352:
2350:
1904:
1892:
1880:
660:, possibly causing the extinction of a regional
2265:
2263:
2261:
1814:
1605:
363:are found in the neighbourhood of Reclus, and
307:Reclus is a 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) high
2942:
1722:
1720:
291:beneath the South America Plate, forming the
8:
206:. This tephra fell out over a large area of
194:The volcano has been active during the late
2406:(in Spanish). SERNAGEOMIN. 20 February 2020
1307:
1295:
1283:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1015:
2949:
2935:
2927:
1857:. Princeton University Press. p. 24.
20:
2866:
2823:
2763:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
2735:
2688:
2637:
2598:
2459:
2388:(in Spanish). 4 June 2015. Archived from
2287:
2205:
2072:
1799:
1650:
1640:
1579:
1568:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1538:
1256:
1215:
1182:
1170:
1150:
1140:
1114:
1067:
588:The R1 tephra, originally identified in
295:in northern Chile and Argentina and the
2366:Provincia de Santa Cruz: Medio Ambiente
953:
913:
2485:Harambour, Salvador M. (1988-12-01).
1928:
1916:
1503:
1430:
1418:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
793:Finally, a tephra in Lake Arthuro of
745:to 12,010 ± 55 years before present.
7:
1628:Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia
191:, which is actively eroding Reclus.
2270:Martinic, Mateo B (November 2008).
1050:Stern, Charles R. (December 2004).
920:Equivalent to 15,260–14,373 years
800:In 2019, the occurrence of a 1458
14:
2342:Perucca, Alvarado & Saez 2016
1001:Perucca, Alvarado & Saez 2016
35:Amalia Glacier with Reclus behind
1963:10.1111/j.0435-3676.2005.00266.x
1581:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01650.x
315:1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide
29:
2907:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.019
2690:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.001
2591:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.03.006
2452:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.028
2289:10.4067/S0718-22442008000200001
2252:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.06.011
2065:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.002
1642:10.4067/S0718-686X2013000200001
1540:10.4067/S0716-02082003000100002
1069:10.4067/S0716-02082004000200001
748:A set of tephras discovered at
517:melts that interacted with the
276:. During this period, southern
3613:Volcanoes of Magallanes Region
2311:Martinic, Mateo (1988-12-01).
2150:10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.01.009
1246:(in Spanish). 6 November 2015.
723:Southern Patagonian Ice Shield
541:. Tephra layers discovered in
434:are absent in contrast to the
257:, the subduction gives way to
1:
2561:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00316-9
2532:10.1016/S0277-3791(97)00074-7
2368:(in Spanish). pp. 80–81.
2357:Goyenechea, Cristina (2017).
1749:10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00206-9
705:Late Pleistocene and Holocene
368:
357:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
343:The volcano rises within the
312:
173:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
1905:Mcculloch & Bentley 1998
1893:Mcculloch & Bentley 1998
1881:Mcculloch & Bentley 1998
1792:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.06.023
1711:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.013
1475:10.1016/j.quageo.2019.01.003
892:, impacting their activity.
51:1,000 m (3,300 ft)
3658:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
2021:10.1016/j.yqres.2007.07.003
1815:McCulloch & Davies 2001
1606:McCulloch & Davies 2001
569:at Reclus. It was dated by
3679:
2887:Quaternary Science Reviews
2669:Quaternary Science Reviews
2571:Quaternary Science Reviews
2512:Quaternary Science Reviews
2432:Quaternary Science Reviews
2232:Quaternary Science Reviews
2190:10.1038/s41598-019-50939-x
2045:Quaternary Science Reviews
1527:Revista GeolĂłgica de Chile
1056:Revista GeolĂłgica de Chile
902:List of volcanoes in Chile
816:A tephra identified in an
575:volcanic explosivity index
340:are its principal output.
217:The volcano is remote and
3591:
2728:10.1007/s00445-007-0148-z
2276:Magallania (Punta Arenas)
2088:Villavicencio et al. 2016
1827:Villavicencio et al. 2016
725:. Ash fell as far as the
664:population in Patagonia.
654:Ăšltima Esperanza Province
465:age are also part of the
280:was subject to extensive
28:
3663:Holocene stratovolcanoes
3653:Stratovolcanoes of Chile
3648:Polygenetic cinder cones
3643:Quaternary South America
1776:Quaternary International
1729:Quaternary International
1455:Quaternary Geochronology
976:Global Volcanism Program
857:Global Volcanism Program
729:, including the area of
2825:10.5027/andgeoV38n1-a06
2708:Bulletin of Volcanology
1308:Stern & Kilian 1996
1296:Stern & Kilian 1996
1284:Stern & Kilian 1996
1217:10.5027/andgeoV42n2-a03
1033:Stern & Kilian 1996
1016:Stern & Kilian 1996
981:Smithsonian Institution
3371:Southern Volcanic Zone
3157:Andagua volcanic field
2965:Northern Volcanic Zone
727:Estrecho de Magallanes
622:Muñoz Gamero Peninsula
614:Estrecho de Magellanes
436:Southern Volcanic Zone
297:Southern Volcanic Zone
3628:Cinder cones of Chile
3549:Austral Volcanic Zone
3475:Puyehue-CordĂłn Caulle
3147:Huambo volcanic field
3098:Central Volcanic Zone
2783:10.1007/s004100050155
1677:WastegĂĄrd et al. 2013
1347:WastegĂĄrd et al. 2013
1320:Del Carlo et al. 2018
1269:WastegĂĄrd et al. 2013
1098:Del Carlo et al. 2018
830:Puyehue-CordĂłn Caulle
293:Central Volcanic Zone
251:Austral Volcanic Zone
236:Chile Triple Junction
225:Geography and geology
181:Austral Volcanic Zone
79:50.96389°S 73.58472°W
3638:Quaternary volcanoes
3618:Andean Volcanic Belt
3084:Licto volcanic field
840:In 1879, sailors on
567:Last Glacial Maximum
447:Patagonian Batholith
361:Cordillera Sarmiento
259:strike-slip faulting
247:South American Plate
84:-50.96389; -73.58472
2899:2013QSRv...71...81W
2859:2016Ecogr..39..125V
2775:1996CoMP..123..263S
2720:2008BVol...70..435S
2681:2019QSRv..218..137S
2622:2016GeolJ..51..545P
2583:2008QSRv...27.1335M
2553:2001PPP...173..143M
2524:1998QSRv...17..775M
2444:2018QSRv..195..153D
2244:2012QSRv...49...52N
2182:2019NatSR...914437H
2142:2013Geomo.187..135B
2057:2012QSRv...41....1M
2013:2007QuRes..68..400V
2001:Quaternary Research
1955:2005GeAnA..87..403F
1784:2017QuInt.428...86M
1741:2003QuInt.109...95M
1703:2010PPP...297..351M
1652:20.500.11850/121386
1467:2019QuGeo..51...64M
882:NĂ©stor Kirchner Dam
836:Historical activity
687:display a spike in
598:Brunswick Peninsula
75: /
3633:Mountains of Chile
3470:Carrán-Los Venados
3415:Nevados de Chillán
3400:Descabezado Grande
2868:10.1111/ecog.01606
2610:Geological Journal
2170:Scientific Reports
1817:, p. 155,166.
886:Jorge Cepernic Dam
743:radiocarbon dating
626:Laguna Potrok Aike
571:radiocarbon dating
543:Laguna Potrok Aike
533:for the region of
509:. Plagioclase and
41:Highest point
3600:
3599:
3410:Nevado de LongavĂ
3352:Cueros de Purulla
3332:CordĂłn del Azufre
2994:Nevado del Tolima
2577:(13): 1335–1349.
1839:Stern et al. 2011
1762:Stern et al. 2011
1407:Smith et al. 2019
1395:Stern et al. 2011
1378:Stern et al. 2011
1359:Smith et al. 2019
1349:, pp. 86–87.
1335:Smith et al. 2019
863:. Legends of the
795:Santa Inés Island
764:A 3,780 year old
754:Nordenskjöld Lake
630:Puerto del Hambre
432:basaltic andesite
154:
153:
139:composite volcano
3670:
3623:Active volcanoes
3595:
3465:Mocho-Choshuenco
2999:Nevado del Huila
2958:Andean volcanoes
2951:
2944:
2937:
2928:
2922:Climbing history
2910:
2880:
2870:
2837:
2827:
2802:
2757:
2739:
2702:
2692:
2659:
2641:
2604:
2602:
2564:
2535:
2506:
2481:
2463:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2392:on May 13, 2018.
2376:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2039:
2033:
2032:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1518:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1381:
1375:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1142:10.1130/G49854.1
1124:
1118:
1112:
1101:
1095:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1047:
1036:
1030:
1019:
1013:
1004:
998:
985:
984:
967:
942:
939:
933:
930:
924:
918:
890:Santa Cruz River
759:Tierra del Fuego
750:Torres del Paine
700:
698:
697:
669:Tierra del Fuego
658:Tierra del Fuego
650:Tierra del Fuego
535:Tierra del Fuego
525:Eruptive history
414:and evidence of
370:
365:Torres del Paine
314:
309:pyroclastic cone
212:Tierra del Fuego
113:
90:
89:
87:
86:
85:
80:
76:
73:
72:
71:
68:
33:
21:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3587:
3550:
3544:
3372:
3366:
3362:Ojos del Salado
3292:Aguas Calientes
3099:
3093:
2989:Nevado del Ruiz
2966:
2960:
2955:
2918:
2913:
2883:
2840:
2805:
2760:
2705:
2662:
2630:10.1002/gj.2649
2607:
2567:
2538:
2509:
2484:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2269:
2268:
2259:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2117:, p. 1339.
2115:Moy et al. 2008
2113:
2106:
2102:, p. 1340.
2100:Moy et al. 2008
2098:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2041:
2040:
2036:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1668:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1597:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1384:
1376:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1160:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1104:
1096:
1085:
1049:
1048:
1039:
1031:
1022:
1014:
1007:
999:
988:
969:
968:
955:
951:
946:
945:
940:
936:
931:
927:
919:
915:
910:
898:
838:
707:
696:
693:
692:
691:
688:
618:Fitzroy Channel
563:
527:
489:, and contains
479:
408:stratovolcanoes
305:
240:Antarctic Plate
232:
227:
171:located in the
111:
83:
81:
77:
74:
69:
66:
64:
62:
61:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3676:
3674:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3592:
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3588:
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3585:
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3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
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3532:
3527:
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3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3282:Purico complex
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2916:External links
2914:
2912:
2911:
2881:
2853:(2): 125–140.
2838:
2812:Andean Geology
2803:
2769:(3): 263–281.
2758:
2714:(4): 435–454.
2703:
2660:
2616:(4): 545–559.
2605:
2565:
2547:(3): 143–173.
2536:
2518:(8): 775–787.
2507:
2497:(2): 173–179.
2493:(in Spanish).
2491:Andean Geology
2482:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2395:
2371:
2346:
2344:, p. 557.
2334:
2319:(in Spanish).
2317:Andean Geology
2303:
2278:(in Spanish).
2257:
2221:
2155:
2119:
2104:
2092:
2090:, p. 132.
2080:
2034:
1984:
1933:
1931:, p. 440.
1921:
1919:, p. 446.
1909:
1907:, p. 777.
1897:
1895:, p. 782.
1885:
1883:, p. 781.
1870:
1863:
1843:
1831:
1829:, p. 137.
1819:
1807:
1766:
1754:
1716:
1681:
1666:
1610:
1608:, p. 148.
1595:
1554:
1508:
1506:, p. 436.
1496:
1435:
1433:, p. 435.
1423:
1421:, p. 445.
1411:
1409:, p. 138.
1399:
1382:
1363:
1361:, p. 149.
1351:
1339:
1337:, p. 151.
1324:
1322:, p. 154.
1312:
1310:, p. 280.
1300:
1298:, p. 271.
1288:
1286:, p. 267.
1273:
1261:
1259:, p. 173.
1257:Harambour 1988
1249:
1231:
1210:(2): 190–212.
1204:Andean Geology
1187:
1185:, p. 177.
1183:Harambour 1988
1175:
1173:, p. 174.
1171:Harambour 1988
1158:
1119:
1117:, p. 175.
1115:Harambour 1988
1102:
1100:, p. 155.
1083:
1062:(2): 161–206.
1037:
1035:, p. 265.
1020:
1018:, p. 264.
1005:
1003:, p. 553.
986:
952:
950:
947:
944:
943:
934:
925:
922:Before Present
912:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
897:
894:
837:
834:
814:
813:
798:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
719:Tyndal Glacier
706:
703:
694:
562:
559:
526:
523:
478:
475:
349:Amalia Glacier
330:Amalia Glacier
311:, featuring a
304:
301:
231:
228:
226:
223:
189:Amalia Glacier
179:. Part of the
152:
151:
148:
142:
141:
132:
126:
125:
121:
120:
115:
107:
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101:
97:
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59:
53:
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26:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3675:
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3654:
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3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Michinmahuida
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
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3378:
3377:
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3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:San Francisco
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
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3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
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3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Aucanquilcha‎
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
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3148:
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3140:
3138:
3137:Hualca Hualca
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
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3096:
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3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:(6° N – 3° S)
2963:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2569:millennium".
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:Geomorphology
2123:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1864:9781400864768
1860:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1844:
1841:, p. 86.
1840:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1764:, p. 84.
1763:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1679:, p. 84.
1678:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1397:, p. 92.
1396:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1380:, p. 83.
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:, p. 81.
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
993:
991:
987:
982:
978:
977:
972:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
954:
948:
938:
935:
929:
926:
923:
917:
914:
907:
903:
900:
899:
895:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Élisée Reclus
850:
846:
845:
835:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
811:
807:
803:
799:
796:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:
769:
767:
762:
760:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
735:Dawson Island
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
702:
699:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:East Falkland
607:
606:Dawson Island
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:orthopyroxene
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
380:
378:
374:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
318:
317:summit crater
310:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
234:South of the
229:
224:
222:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:stratovolcano
166:
162:
161:Élisée Reclus
159:(named after
158:
150:1908 ± 1 year
149:
147:
146:Last eruption
143:
140:
136:
133:
131:
130:Mountain type
127:
122:
119:
116:
114:
108:
105:
102:
98:
93:
88:
60:
58:
54:
50:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3572:
3455:Quetrupillán
3317:Llullaillaco
3182:Huaynaputina
2890:
2886:
2850:
2846:
2818:(1): 82–97.
2815:
2811:
2766:
2762:
2737:10533/139124
2711:
2707:
2672:
2668:
2613:
2609:
2600:10533/139767
2574:
2570:
2544:
2540:
2515:
2511:
2494:
2490:
2461:11568/926084
2435:
2431:
2408:. Retrieved
2398:
2390:the original
2383:
2374:
2365:
2337:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2279:
2275:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2176:(1): 14437.
2173:
2169:
2158:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2095:
2083:
2074:10533/131334
2048:
2044:
2037:
2004:
2000:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1853:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1775:
1769:
1757:
1732:
1728:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1632:
1626:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1533:(1): 23–37.
1530:
1526:
1499:
1458:
1454:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1354:
1342:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1264:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1207:
1203:
1178:
1152:10919/118100
1132:
1122:
1059:
1055:
974:
937:
928:
916:
869:
860:
848:
843:
839:
815:
763:
747:
739:Punta Arenas
731:Bahia Inutil
715:Grey Glacier
711:post-glacial
708:
666:
646:Seno Skyring
602:Cardiel Lake
594:BahĂa Inutil
587:
583:Cerro Hudson
564:
528:
480:
444:
400:Monte Burney
385:
381:
353:Amalia Fjord
342:
338:pyroclastics
306:
286:
263:
245:beneath the
233:
216:
193:
156:
155:
112:Parent range
18:
3551:(49°–55° S)
3535:Mate Grande
3385:Tupungatito
3373:(33°–46° S)
3252:Olca-Paruma
3247:Irruputuncu
3237:Tata Sabaya
3177:Pichu Pichu
3107:Quimsachata
3100:(14°–27° S)
2984:Cerro Bravo
2675:: 137–156.
2639:11336/12998
2438:: 153–170.
2385:SERNAGEOMIN
2282:(2): 5–18.
1801:11336/38571
1635:(2): 5–26.
873:SERNAGEOMIN
681:Taylor Dome
652:and in the
561:R1 eruption
507:plagioclase
491:phenocrysts
455:sedimentary
451:Metamorphic
289:Nazca Plate
274:slab window
196:Pleistocene
165:cinder cone
135:Cinder cone
82: /
57:Coordinates
3607:Categories
3495:Hornopirén
3480:Casablanca
3450:Villarrica
3445:Sollipulli
3405:Cerro Azul
3277:Licancabur
3272:Sairecabur
3232:Guallatiri
3222:Parinacota
3202:Purupuruni
3112:Auquihuato
3079:Tungurahua
3074:Chimborazo
3034:Reventador
3009:Doña Juana
2410:5 December
2323:(2): 184.
2007:(3): 404.
1949:(2): 407.
1929:Stern 2008
1917:Stern 2008
1697:(2): 357.
1574:(2): 405.
1504:Stern 2008
1431:Stern 2008
1419:Stern 2008
949:References
878:reservoirs
855:, but the
822:Talos Dome
685:Antarctica
642:Seno Otway
634:RĂo Rubens
499:hornblende
471:formations
398:, Reclus,
270:Chile Rise
219:monitoring
210:as far as
70:73°35′05″W
67:50°57′50″S
3515:Corcovado
3435:Lonquimay
3395:Calabozos
3380:Tupungato
3357:Incahuasi
3322:Lastarria
3302:Chiliques
3142:Sabancaya
3122:Sara Sara
3039:Pichincha
2974:Paipa-Iza
2893:: 81–90.
2877:1600-0587
2847:Ecography
2834:0718-7106
2791:0010-7999
2754:140710192
2746:0258-8900
2699:0277-3791
2656:128998425
2648:1099-1034
2503:0718-7106
2478:135055583
2470:0277-3791
2329:0718-7106
2298:0718-2244
2198:2045-2322
1979:128400121
1971:1468-0459
1661:0718-686X
1590:1095-8312
1549:0716-0208
1491:133857028
1483:1871-1014
1226:0718-7106
1078:0716-0208
865:Tehuelche
842:HMS
679:taken at
677:Ice cores
638:Patagonia
590:Patagonia
547:potassium
539:Patagonia
495:amphibole
477:Petrology
459:Paleozoic
457:rocks of
326:landslide
278:Patagonia
208:Patagonia
95:Geography
47:Elevation
3583:Fueguino
3568:Aguilera
3520:Mentolat
3430:Callaqui
3267:Zapaleri
3197:Yucamane
3192:Tutupaca
3162:Chachani
3132:Coropuna
3127:Solimana
3069:Quilotoa
3064:Cotopaxi
3059:Illiniza
3044:Antisana
2799:59944205
2216:31595040
2029:54974299
971:"Reclus"
896:See also
828:and the
826:Holocene
818:ice core
579:Holocene
487:rhyolite
467:basement
463:Mesozoic
440:adakitic
420:andesite
416:Holocene
412:glaciers
404:Fueguino
396:Aguilera
359:and the
282:basaltic
255:Fueguino
243:subducts
230:Regional
200:Holocene
100:Location
3558:Lautaro
3510:Chaitén
3490:Calbuco
3425:Copahue
3342:Peinado
3327:Lazufre
3312:Socompa
3217:Taapaca
3187:Ticsani
3029:Cayambe
3019:Azufral
3014:Galeras
2979:Romeral
2895:Bibcode
2855:Bibcode
2771:Bibcode
2716:Bibcode
2677:Bibcode
2618:Bibcode
2579:Bibcode
2549:Bibcode
2520:Bibcode
2440:Bibcode
2422:Sources
2240:Bibcode
2207:6783439
2178:Bibcode
2138:Bibcode
2136:: 146.
2053:Bibcode
2009:Bibcode
1951:Bibcode
1780:Bibcode
1737:Bibcode
1735:: 103.
1699:Bibcode
1463:Bibcode
1135:: 806.
1133:Geology
888:on the
806:sulfate
721:of the
673:biotite
551:Lautaro
428:basalts
388:Lautaro
377:Natales
373:commune
347:of the
321:dacitic
266:Miocene
124:Geology
3578:Burney
3573:Reclus
3563:Viedma
3540:Hudson
3500:Huequi
3485:Osorno
3440:Llaima
3420:Antuco
3307:Aracar
3297:Lascar
3287:Pacana
3262:Azufre
3242:Isluga
3212:Tacora
3207:Casiri
3172:Ubinas
3152:Ampato
3117:Firura
3089:Sangay
3024:Chiles
3004:Puracé
2875:
2832:
2797:
2789:
2752:
2744:
2697:
2654:
2646:
2501:
2476:
2468:
2327:
2296:
2238:: 60.
2214:
2204:
2196:
2027:
1977:
1969:
1861:
1659:
1588:
1547:
1489:
1481:
1461:: 69.
1224:
1076:
851:after
849:Reclus
662:vicuña
555:Viedma
531:tephra
519:mantle
511:quartz
483:dacite
424:dacite
392:Viedma
355:. The
345:cirque
238:, the
204:tephra
185:crater
157:Reclus
24:Reclus
3460:LanĂn
3390:Maipo
3337:Galán
3227:Lauca
3167:Misti
3054:Soche
3049:Aliso
2795:S2CID
2750:S2CID
2652:S2CID
2474:S2CID
2362:(PDF)
2051:: 6.
2025:S2CID
1975:S2CID
1487:S2CID
1451:(PDF)
908:Notes
844:Alert
810:Kuwae
671:lack
410:with
303:Local
177:Chile
118:Andes
104:Chile
3530:Macá
2873:ISSN
2830:ISSN
2787:ISSN
2742:ISSN
2695:ISSN
2644:ISSN
2499:ISSN
2466:ISSN
2412:2021
2325:ISSN
2294:ISSN
2212:PMID
2194:ISSN
1967:ISSN
1859:ISBN
1657:ISSN
1586:ISSN
1545:ISSN
1479:ISSN
1222:ISSN
1074:ISSN
884:and
766:peat
737:and
717:and
537:and
515:slab
505:and
453:and
402:and
336:and
334:Lava
268:the
198:and
167:and
3525:Cay
2903:doi
2863:doi
2820:doi
2779:doi
2767:123
2732:hdl
2724:doi
2685:doi
2673:218
2634:hdl
2626:doi
2595:hdl
2587:doi
2557:doi
2545:173
2528:doi
2456:hdl
2448:doi
2436:195
2284:doi
2248:doi
2202:PMC
2186:doi
2146:doi
2134:187
2069:hdl
2061:doi
2017:doi
1959:doi
1796:hdl
1788:doi
1745:doi
1733:109
1707:doi
1695:297
1647:hdl
1637:doi
1576:doi
1572:103
1535:doi
1471:doi
1212:doi
1147:hdl
1137:doi
1064:doi
880:of
820:at
683:in
636:in
553:or
493:of
485:to
430:or
422:or
375:of
367:is
3609::
2901:.
2891:71
2871:.
2861:.
2851:39
2849:.
2845:.
2828:.
2816:38
2814:.
2810:.
2793:.
2785:.
2777:.
2765:.
2748:.
2740:.
2730:.
2722:.
2712:70
2710:.
2693:.
2683:.
2671:.
2667:.
2650:.
2642:.
2632:.
2624:.
2614:51
2612:.
2593:.
2585:.
2575:27
2573:.
2555:.
2543:.
2526:.
2516:17
2514:.
2495:15
2489:.
2472:.
2464:.
2454:.
2446:.
2434:.
2382:.
2364:.
2349:^
2321:15
2315:.
2292:.
2280:36
2274:.
2260:^
2246:.
2236:49
2234:.
2210:.
2200:.
2192:.
2184:.
2172:.
2168:.
2144:.
2132:.
2107:^
2067:.
2059:.
2049:41
2047:.
2023:.
2015:.
2005:68
2003:.
1999:.
1987:^
1973:.
1965:.
1957:.
1947:87
1945:.
1873:^
1794:.
1786:.
1743:.
1719:^
1705:.
1693:.
1669:^
1655:.
1645:.
1633:41
1631:.
1625:.
1613:^
1598:^
1584:.
1570:.
1566:.
1543:.
1531:30
1529:.
1525:.
1511:^
1485:.
1477:.
1469:.
1459:51
1457:.
1453:.
1438:^
1385:^
1366:^
1327:^
1276:^
1242:.
1220:.
1208:42
1206:.
1202:.
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