Knowledge (XXG)

Newlands Reclamation Act

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310:, arguably the "father of reclamation", began a series of expeditions to explore the American West in 1867. He concluded that the Western United States was so arid that it could not yet support extensive development and government involvement in large-scale irrigation would be necessary. Among his observations, he saw that, after snowmelt and spring rains, the rivers of the West flooded and released huge amounts of water and that for the rest of the year not enough rain fell to sufficiently support agriculture, and so reservoir dams were necessary. The U.S. government saw too much economic potential in the West to heed Powell's advice, at the time. 45: 2622: 584:
Much of the West could not have been settled without the water provided by the Act. The West became one of the premier agricultural areas in the world. Bureau of Reclamation statistics shows that the more than 600 of their dams on waterways throughout the West provide irrigation for 10 million
299:(P.L. 97-293) eliminated the residency requirement provisions of reclamation law, raised the acreage limitation on lands irrigated with water supplied by the Bureau of Reclamation, and established and required full-cost rates for land receiving water above the acreage limit. 313:
By the late 1800s, small-scale private and local farming organizations would prove the benefits of irrigation projects in the arid western states. When it became apparent that an organized effort would be required to make agriculture viable in the west, Representative
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projects. The newly irrigated land would be sold and money would be put into a revolving fund that supported more such projects. These irrigation projects led to the eventual damming of nearly every major western river. Under the act, the
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Not envisioned by the act, Bureau of Reclamation dams support 58 power plants producing 40 billion kilowatt hours of electricity annually. Most of the large population centers in the Far West owe their growth to these power sources.
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The act at first covered only 16 of the western states, as delineated by the 100th meridian, as Texas had no federal lands. Texas was added later by a special act passed in 1906. The act set aside money from sales of semi-arid
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of the United States Geological Survey, and George H. Maxwell, head of the National Reclamation Association. Many of the loans made to farmers, funded by the sales of federal land, were never repaid. Amendments made by the
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of Nevada introduced legislation into the United States Congress to provide federal help and coordination for irrigation projects. Newlands carried the bulk of the legislative burden and had a strong technical backup from
365:"An Act Appropriating the receipts from the sale and disposal of public lands in certain States and Territories to the construction of irrigation works for the reclamation of arid lands" 63:
An Act appropriating the receipts from the sale and disposal of public lands in certain States and Territories to the construction of irrigation works for the reclamation of arid lands.
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supported the national effort and assembled the legislative alliances that made passage of the act possible. After several years of effort, the resulting act passed on June 17, 1902.
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of the Department of the Interior and George H. Maxwell, head of the National Reclamation Association. Conflict emerged over whether reclamation efforts ought to occur at the
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gave the Department of the Interior, among other things, the authority to amend repayment contracts and to extend repayment for not more than 40 years. Amendments made by the
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acres (40,000 km) of farmland, providing 60% of the nation's vegetables and 25% of its fruits and nuts. Currently, the Bureau operates about 180 projects in the West.
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for the development of water resources. It also requires the Treasury Department to fund education from unappropriated monies under certain conditions.
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Powell, John Wesley (1879). "Report on the lands of the arid region of the United States with a more detailed account of the land of Utah with maps".
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Below are listed the larger of the irrigation projects of the United States, with the area reclaimed or to be reclaimed as of 1925.
752: 2348: 2187: 2112: 2040: 2012: 1961: 1568: 1478: 1222: 1161: 1080: 154: 2247: 2124: 2031: 1772: 1596: 1589: 1582: 1533: 1510: 1390: 1141: 328: 264: 127: 119: 2005: 1844: 1487: 1111: 444: 2647: 2512: 1968: 1837: 1827: 1130: 818: 1411: 2662: 2368: 1991: 1864: 1339: 1271: 1264: 640: 2625: 2237: 2056: 1547: 1540: 1348: 1309: 1073: 355:, Title II) to limit the corporate use of water and speculation on land that would benefit from reclamation projects. 80: 292: 339: 296: 2667: 2520: 502:
Blackfeet, 122,500; Flathead, 152,000; Fort Peck, 152,000; Huntley, 32,405; Milk River, 219,557; Sun River, 174,046
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to administer the program. In 1907, the Service became a separate organization within the
1811:"Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual" (1912 post-assassination-attempt speech) 2567: 2480: 2132: 1954: 1940: 1355: 1293: 608: 603: 17: 2641: 2611: 1738: 1724: 468: 239: 2296: 2288: 1637: 1425: 1257: 966: 635: 416: 404: 352: 231: 112: 187: 1397: 1369: 1207: 483: 2159: 1362: 613: 400: 372: 251: 940: 2331: 1575: 1032: 707: 734: 408: 392: 376: 367:. The act identifies 16 states and territories included in the project: 1000: 428: 388: 368: 238:
that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 17 states in the
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The Act was co-authored by Democratic Congressional Representative
380: 431:. It requires surplus fees from sales of land be set aside for a 420: 1069: 922:
The Bureau of Reclamation: Origins and Growth to 1945. Volume 1
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Ganoe, John T. "The Origin of a National Reclamation Policy."
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Okanogan, 10,999; Sunnyside, 102,824; Tieton (Teton), 34,071
30:"Newlands Act" redirects here. Not to be confused with 735:"Appendix I. Summary and Analysis of Reclamation Act" 532:
Carlsbad, 20,261; Hondo, 10,000; Rio Grande, 155,000
2358: 2272: 2149: 1925: 1854: 1762: 1707: 1620: 1160: 900:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 13–14. 753:"The George Hebard Maxwell Papers, MG 1, 1903-1905" 137: 118: 99: 94: 86: 75: 67: 59: 51: 344: 223: 104: 708:"The Bureau of Reclamation: A Very Brief History" 477:Grand Valley, 53,000; Uncompahgre Valley, 140,000 1061:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Capitol Visitor Center. 790:"SUBCHAPTER X—PAYMENT OF CONSTRUCTION CHARGES" 2673:United States federal public land legislation 1948:Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library 1081: 8: 845:"John Wesley Powell and Reclaiming the West" 37: 2078:Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse 1033:United States Bureau of Reclamation History 1088: 1074: 1066: 1039:Millions of New Acres for American Farmers 967:"Pub. L. 57-161 (Session 1; 32 Stat. 388)" 646:Environmental history of the United States 1804:"Citizenship in a Republic" (1910 speech) 813: 811: 1691:Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition 250:for the construction and maintenance of 657: 1900:United States presidential elections: 677:"Mission of the Bureau of Reclamation" 338:The 1902 act was later amended by the 36: 2167:"Speak softly, and carry a big stick" 1698:"River of Doubt" Amazonian expedition 702: 700: 698: 671: 669: 667: 665: 663: 661: 7: 2653:Progressive Era in the United States 2064:Roosevelt Memorial, Portland, Oregon 1819:Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography 1059:Exhibitions ~ Legislative Highlights 997:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 825:. Office of the Law Revision Counsel 2658:United States Bureau of Reclamation 1310:Northern Securities Company breakup 1123:Vice President of the United States 1028:United States Bureau of Reclamation 819:"SUBCHAPTER I–A—RECLAMATION REFORM" 796:. U.S. Government Publishing Office 273:United States Bureau of Reclamation 2099:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge 1790:"The Strenuous Life" (1899 speech) 349:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 228:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 180:on February 28, 1902 (Passed) 109:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 25: 1280:United States Reclamation Service 1150:New York City Police Commissioner 851:. U.S. Department of the Interior 714:. U.S. Department of the Interior 683:. U.S. Department of the Interior 261:United States Reclamation Service 149:in the Senate as S. 3057 by 2621: 2620: 2349:Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial 2189:Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King 2041:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park 2013:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins 1962:Theodore Roosevelt National Park 1871:Republican National Convention: 1718:Birthplace, boyhood home replica 1583:State of the Union Address, 1901 1518:Department of Commerce and Labor 1023:Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902 1007:Reclamation in the United States 71:National Reclamation Act of 1902 55:Lowlands Reclamation Act of 1902 43: 1773:Theodore Roosevelt bibliography 1391:Federal Employers Liability Act 1287:National Wildlife Refuge System 1142:Assistant Secretary of the Navy 293:Reclamation Project Act of 1939 265:United States Geological Survey 2006:Theodore Roosevelt Association 1661:"Bull Moose" Progressive Party 1611:Federal judiciary appointments 1258:Devils Tower National Monument 1112:President of the United States 340:Reclamation Reform Act of 1982 297:Reclamation Reform Act of 1982 173:House Irrigation of Arid Lands 1: 2441:Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt III 2071:Proposed presidential library 1969:Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness 1838:Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia 1725:Sagamore Hill Home and Museum 1479:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 1050:, November 1905 (with photos) 538:North Dakota Pumping, 26, 314 1992:Roosevelt Park (San Antonio) 1865:1898 New York state election 1340:Food and Drug Administration 1272:United States Forest Service 1265:Muir Woods National Monument 641:National Irrigation Congress 363:The full name of the act is 2057:Theodore Roosevelt Monument 1541:Inland Waterways Commission 1216:Booker T. Washington dinner 919:Rowley, William D. (2006). 81:57th United States Congress 2689: 1955:White House Roosevelt Room 849:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 269:Department of the Interior 29: 2586: 2553:Robert Barnhill Roosevelt 2513:Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt 2092:Theodore Roosevelt Bridge 1985:Roosevelt National Forest 1978:Theodore Roosevelt Island 1504:College football meetings 1103: 565:Strawberry Valley, 50,000 508:Lower Yellowstone, 60,116 257:Secretary of the Interior 236:United States federal law 142: 42: 27:United States federal law 2497:Martha Bulloch Roosevelt 2465:Joseph Willard Roosevelt 2106:Theodore Roosevelt Award 1412:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty 1230:Newlands Reclamation Act 757:www.azarchivesonline.org 219:National Reclamation Act 215:Lowlands Reclamation Act 38:Newlands Reclamation Act 2315:League to Enforce Peace 1797:League to Enforce Peace 1684:Boone and Crockett Club 1652:Battle of San Juan Hill 1511:Bureau of Investigation 1301:Conference of Governors 945:The System of the River 941:"Chapter 11: New Lands" 739:The System of the River 321:Frederick Haynes Newell 186:on June 13, 1902 ( 165:Committee consideration 18:Reclamation Act of 1902 2560:Anna Eleanor Roosevelt 2545:James Alfred Roosevelt 2537:James Stephens Bulloch 2505:Anna "Bamie" Roosevelt 2489:Theodore Roosevelt Sr. 2393:Theodore Roosevelt III 2219:Teddy, the Rough Rider 1999:Roosevelt Study Center 1645:Battle of Las Guasimas 1525:Bureau of Corporations 1472:1906 Nobel Peace Prize 1333:Pure Food and Drug Act 741:. Stanford University. 593:Affected river systems 2602:William Howard Taft → 2568:Gracie Hall Roosevelt 2473:Edith Roosevelt Derby 2433:Theodore Roosevelt IV 2409:Ethel Carow Roosevelt 1781:The Naval War of 1812 1675:Assassination attempt 1576:White House West Wing 947:. Stanford University 939:Lilley, William III. 733:Lilley, William III. 712:Bureau of Reclamation 681:National Park Service 609:Missouri River system 604:Columbia River system 599:Colorado River system 506:Montana-North Dakota: 161:) on January 21, 1902 2648:1902 in American law 2457:Kermit Roosevelt Jr. 2449:Quentin Roosevelt II 2341:Roosevelt Republican 1845:Archival collections 1631:Spanish–American War 1548:Bureau of the Census 1465:Treaty of Portsmouth 1377:Aldrich–Vreeland Act 1237:Transfer Act of 1905 1134:Governor of New York 999:18.1 (1931): 34–52. 872:"John Wesley Powell" 775:Reisner, M. (1993), 271:and was renamed the 2663:Water in California 2529:Cornelius Roosevelt 2417:Archibald Roosevelt 2385:Alice Lee Roosevelt 2281:Political positions 2199:Roosevelt in Africa 2140:U.S. postage stamps 2048:Monument Assemblage 1732:Maltese Cross Cabin 1442:Roosevelt Corollary 1384:Tillman Act of 1907 1349:Meat Inspection Act 1326:Coal strike of 1902 1193:Second inauguration 626:Water in California 496:Garden City, 10,677 460:Arizona-California: 316:Francis G. Newlands 288:Frederick H. Newell 280:Francis G. Newlands 213:(also known as the 169:Senate Public Lands 151:Francis G. Newlands 138:Legislative history 39: 2593:← William McKinley 2481:Theodora Roosevelt 2377:Edith Kermit Carow 2369:Alice Hathaway Lee 2249:Theodore Roosevelt 2241:, 2014 documentary 2201:, 1910 documentary 2115:Theodore Roosevelt 1458:Russo-Japanese War 1451:Occupation of Cuba 1405:Big stick ideology 1177:First inauguration 1097:Theodore Roosevelt 870:McNamee, Gregory. 823:United States Code 548:Oregon-California: 433:"reclamation fund" 359:Summary of the Act 333:Theodore Roosevelt 308:John Wesley Powell 198:Theodore Roosevelt 52:Other short titles 32:Newlands Labor Act 2668:Water in Colorado 2635: 2634: 2521:Corinne Roosevelt 2425:Quentin Roosevelt 2251:, 2022 miniseries 2231:, 1997 miniseries 1831:magazine articles 1562:Perdicaris affair 1555:Great White Fleet 1435:Venezuelan crisis 1419:Panama Canal Zone 1048:National Magazine 1005:Golze, Alfred R. 973:. Joshua Tauberer 631:Water in Colorado 614:Rio Grande system 512:Nebraska-Wyoming: 439:Impact of the act 207: 206: 178:Passed the Senate 121:Statutes at Large 16:(Redirected from 2680: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2579: 2571: 2563: 2555: 2548: 2540: 2532: 2524: 2516: 2508: 2500: 2492: 2484: 2476: 2468: 2460: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2428: 2420: 2412: 2404: 2401:Kermit Roosevelt 2396: 2388: 2380: 2372: 2351: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2323:A Guest of Honor 2317: 2308: 2299: 2292: 2283: 2263: 2253: 2243: 2233: 2223: 2213: 2209:The Rough Riders 2203: 2193: 2183: 2176: 2169: 2162: 2142: 2135: 2128: 2108: 2101: 2094: 2087: 2080: 2073: 2066: 2059: 2050: 2043: 2034: 2032:Portland, Oregon 2027: 2020: 2015: 2008: 2001: 1994: 1987: 1980: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1943: 1936: 1918: 1911: 1904: 1896: 1889: 1882: 1875: 1867: 1847: 1840: 1833: 1823: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1792: 1785: 1775: 1755: 1748: 1741: 1734: 1727: 1720: 1700: 1693: 1686: 1677: 1670: 1663: 1654: 1647: 1640: 1633: 1613: 1606: 1604:White House 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414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 358: 356: 354: 347: 341: 336: 334: 330: 329:federal level 326: 322: 317: 311: 309: 302: 300: 298: 294: 289: 285: 281: 276: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 253: 249: 243: 241: 240:American West 237: 233: 226: 220: 216: 212: 199: 196:by President 195: 192: 189: 185: 182: 179: 176: 174: 170: 166: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 144: 141: 136: 133: 129: 125: 123: 117: 114: 107: 102: 98: 93: 90:June 17, 1902 89: 85: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 33: 19: 2600: 2591: 2371:(first wife) 2321: 2297:Ananias Club 2289:Bully pulpit 2258: 2248: 2238: 2229:Rough Riders 2228: 2218: 2208: 2198: 2188: 2114: 1934:Bibliography 1828: 1818: 1780: 1765:and speeches 1638:Rough Riders 1426:Panama Canal 1229: 1223:Conservation 1058: 1047: 1038: 1006: 996: 975:. Retrieved 970: 961: 949:. Retrieved 944: 934: 921: 914: 897: 891: 879:. Retrieved 875: 865: 853:. Retrieved 848: 839: 827:. Retrieved 822: 798:. Retrieved 793: 784: 771: 760:. Retrieved 756: 747: 738: 728: 716:. Retrieved 711: 685:. Retrieved 680: 636:Water rights 587: 583: 574: 568: 562: 553: 547: 541: 535: 529: 520: 515:North Platte 511: 505: 499: 493: 486:, 207,000; 480: 474: 465: 459: 450: 442: 432: 417:South Dakota 405:North Dakota 364: 362: 337: 331:. President 312: 306: 277: 260: 259:created the 248:public lands 244: 218: 214: 210: 208: 193: 183: 177: 164: 146: 2221:, 1940 film 2211:, 1927 film 2191:, 1901 film 1821:(1913 book) 1783:(1882 book) 1398:Kinkaid Act 1370:Hepburn Act 1208:Square Deal 1152:(1895–1897) 1144:(1897–1898) 1136:(1899–1900) 1114:(1901–1909) 569:Washington: 530:New Mexico: 466:California: 325:state level 263:within the 221:) of 1902 ( 2642:Categories 2467:(grandson) 2459:(grandson) 2451:(grandson) 2443:(grandson) 2435:(grandson) 2411:(daughter) 2387:(daughter) 2160:Teddy bear 1363:Elkins Act 1317:court case 1162:Presidency 971:USlaw.link 876:Britannica 779:p. 111–119 762:2021-02-27 652:References 454:Salt River 425:Washington 401:New Mexico 373:California 327:or at the 303:Background 252:irrigation 147:Introduced 100:Public law 60:Long title 2515:(brother) 2332:Muckraker 1856:Elections 1829:The Forum 1753:Gravesite 898:Monograph 580:, 164,122 559:, 100,000 526:, 206,000 517:, 129,270 490:, 120,500 475:Colorado: 456:, 182,000 95:Citations 87:Effective 68:Nicknames 2626:Category 2570:(nephew) 2523:(sister) 2507:(sister) 2499:(mother) 2491:(father) 1763:Writings 1708:Life and 1167:timeline 977:15 March 951:15 March 881:15 March 855:15 March 829:15 March 800:15 March 718:15 March 687:15 March 620:See also 578:Shoshone 575:Wyoming: 500:Montana: 488:Minidoka 471:, 20,000 451:Arizona: 409:Oklahoma 393:Nebraska 377:Colorado 126:32  2562:(niece) 2547:(uncle) 2273:Related 2259:Elkhorn 2152:culture 2150:Popular 2019:Statues 1569:Cabinet 794:GovInfo 542:Oregon: 521:Nevada: 494:Kansas: 429:Wyoming 389:Montana 369:Arizona 345:Pub. L. 234:) is a 224:Pub. L. 105:Pub. L. 2360:Family 1926:Legacy 1623:events 1125:(1901) 1011:online 1001:online 481:Idaho: 469:Orland 427:, and 413:Oregon 397:Nevada 385:Kansas 353:97–293 351:  284:Nevada 232:57–161 230:  188:146-55 130:  113:57–161 111:  2578:(dog) 2427:(son) 2419:(son) 2403:(son) 2395:(son) 2181:Films 2174:Books 2117:(1906 1710:homes 1621:Other 926:(PDF) 563:Utah: 484:Boise 381:Idaho 128:Stat. 2576:Pete 2125:1984 2121:1961 2113:USS 1916:1912 1909:1904 1902:1900 1894:1916 1887:1912 1880:1904 1873:1900 1597:1908 1590:1906 1131:33rd 1120:25th 1109:26th 979:2024 953:2024 883:2024 857:2024 831:2024 802:2024 720:2024 689:2024 421:Utah 209:The 79:the 902:doi 445:(1) 282:of 217:or 167:by 132:388 2644:: 2123:, 2119:, 1274:, 1057:. 1046:, 1042:, 969:. 943:. 874:. 847:. 821:. 810:^ 792:. 755:. 737:. 710:. 697:^ 679:. 660:^ 423:, 419:, 415:, 411:, 407:, 403:, 399:, 395:, 391:, 387:, 383:, 379:, 375:, 371:, 286:, 275:. 242:. 171:, 159:NV 2343:" 2339:" 2334:" 2330:" 2307:" 2303:" 2291:" 2287:" 2127:) 1210:" 1206:" 1169:) 1165:( 1089:e 1082:t 1075:v 981:. 955:. 908:. 904:: 885:. 859:. 833:. 804:. 765:. 722:. 691:. 342:( 190:) 157:– 155:D 153:( 34:. 20:)

Index

Reclamation Act of 1902
Newlands Labor Act
Great Seal of the United States
57th United States Congress
Pub. L.
57–161
Statutes at Large
Stat.
388
Francis G. Newlands
D
NV
Senate Public Lands
House Irrigation of Arid Lands
146-55
Theodore Roosevelt
Pub. L.
57–161
United States federal law
American West
public lands
irrigation
Secretary of the Interior
United States Geological Survey
Department of the Interior
United States Bureau of Reclamation
Francis G. Newlands
Nevada
Frederick H. Newell
Reclamation Project Act of 1939

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