132:
suited for low-volume, high-value transactions. It lowers settlement risk, besides giving an accurate picture of an institution’s account at any point in time. The objective of RTGS systems by central banks throughout the world is to minimize risk in high-value electronic payment settlement systems. In an RTGS system, transactions are settled across accounts held at a central bank on a continuous gross basis. The settlement is immediate, final, and irrevocable. Credit risks due to settlement lags are eliminated. The best RTGS national payment systems cover up to 95% of high-value transactions within the national monetary market.
462:
1373:
284:
1619:
572:
364:
1395:
444:
536:
193:
169:
873:
1503:
1185:
1097:
1524:
1311:
1275:
1061:
510:
324:
266:
128:, and is indispensable to the functioning of the interbank, money, and capital markets. A weak payment system may severely drag on the stability and developmental capacity of a national economy; its failures can result in inefficient use of financial resources, inequitable risk-sharing among agents, actual losses for participants, and loss of confidence in the financial system and in the very use of money.
1329:
1293:
981:
739:
654:
240:
616:
1601:
1449:
1431:
1133:
1115:
963:
400:
346:
1565:
1485:
1413:
1257:
1079:
1043:
1025:
909:
701:
675:
554:
382:
306:
1583:
1544:
1467:
999:
945:
891:
837:
793:
214:
927:
855:
598:
484:
1221:
1159:
775:
757:
636:
1347:
1239:
1203:
418:
152:
systems. Third, it is very likely that the knowledge acquired through experiences with RTGS systems spills over to other central banks and helps them make their adoption decision. Fourth, central banks do not necessarily have to install and develop RTGS themselves. The possibility of sharing development with providers that have built RTGS systems in more than one country (
819:
719:
147:
has been paying increasing attention to payment system development as a key component of the financial infrastructure of a country and has provided various forms of assistance to over 100 countries. Most of the RTGS systems in place are secure and have been designed around international standards and
151:
There are several reasons for central banks to adopt RTGS. First, a decision to adopt is influenced by competitive pressure from the global financial markets. Second, it is more beneficial to adopt an RTGS system for the central bank when this allows access to a broad system of other countries' RTGS
131:
RTGS system does not require any physical exchange of money; the central bank makes adjustments in the electronic accounts of Bank A and Bank B, reducing the balance in Bank A’s account by the amount in question and increasing the balance of Bank B’s account by the same amount. The RTGS system is
100:. The French system was called SAGITTAIRE. A number of other developed countries launched systems over the next few years. These systems were diverse in operation and technology, being country-specific as they were usually based upon previous processes and procedures used in each country.
139:
system in the United
Kingdom. In a net settlement system, all the inter-institution transactions during the day are accumulated, and at the end of the day, the central bank adjusts the accounts of the institutions by the net amounts of these transactions.
112:, had introduced real-time gross settlement systems for large-value funds transfers. Nearly all G-10 countries had plans to have RTGS systems in operation in the course of 1997 and many other countries were also considering introducing such systems.
103:
In the 1990s international finance organizations emphasized the importance of large-value funds transfer systems which banks use to settle interbank transfers for their own account as well as for their customers as a key part of a country's
2333:
2635:
1804:
Morten Bech, Bart Hobijn, " Technology
Diffusion within Central Banking: The Case of Real-Time Gross Settlement", Staff Report NJ. 260, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Working Paper, September 2006, p.
1728:
Morten Bech, Bart Hobijn, "Technology
Diffusion within Central Banking: The Case of Real-Time Gross Settlement", Staff Report NJ. 260, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Working Paper, September 2007, p.
2605:
69:
is not subjected to any waiting period, with transactions being settled as soon as they are processed. "Gross settlement" means the transaction is settled on a one-to-one basis, without bundling or
1756:
Biago
Bossone and Massimo Casino, "The Oversight of the Payment Systems: A Framework for the Development and Governance of Payment Systems in Emerging Economies"The World Bank, July 2001, p.7
1635:
In 2010, the World Bank published a report on payment systems worldwide, which investigated these countries' usage of real-time gross settlement systems for large-value payments.
2984:
2329:
2896:
2643:
2840:
2797:
124:
as it is seen as critical infrastructure for a country's economy. Economists believe that an efficient national payment system reduces the cost of exchanging
2826:
2613:
2354:
2261:
203:
2493:
664:
2694:
2181:
88:
system which was launched in 1970. This was based on a previous method of transferring funds electronically between US federal reserve banks via
135:
RTGS systems are an alternative to systems of settling transactions at the end of the day, also known as the net settlement system, such as the
2475:
473:
3014:
81:
As of 1985, three central banks implemented RTGS systems, while by the end of 2005, RTGS systems had been implemented by 90 central banks.
2068:
2576:
3041:
2385:
2992:
2099:
2523:
1884:
1687:
2286:
2664:
105:
2712:
2307:
1845:
2128:
92:. The United Kingdom and France both independently developed RTGS type systems in 1984. The UK system was developed by the
2888:
2207:
1554:
2954:
2156:
2848:
2805:
2407:
1826:
160:
of Italy and
Montran of USA) has presumably lowered the cost and hence made it feasible for many countries to adopt.
2428:
93:
729:
295:
38:
1739:
Committee on
Payment and Settlement Systems of the central banks of the Group of Ten countries (March 5, 1997).
1691:
2361:
2257:
1649:
109:
1978:
1679:
Committee on
Payment and Settlement Systems of the central banks of the Group of Ten countries (March 1997).
2918:
2501:
1910:
1767:
369:
2698:
2177:
2133:
1702:
73:
with any other transaction. "Settlement" means that once processed, payments are final and irrevocable.
66:
2636:"SAMOS System (South African's Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) System) - South African Reserve Bank"
1958:
2239:
1624:
62:
1795:
Massimo Casino and Jose
Antonio Garcia, "Measuring Payment System Development", The World Bank, 2008
2050:
429:
225:
2479:
2730:
1384:
686:
577:
125:
2751:
2075:
2870:
2584:
706:
168:
54:
3015:"PAYMENT SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE: A SNAPSHOT - Outcomes of the Global Payment Systems Survey 2010"
1358:
1170:
1144:
1010:
583:
521:
495:
251:
2283:"Financial Infrastructure Series 2 - Real-time Gross Settlement System (金融基建系列二—即時支付結算系統)"
2282:
2107:
1715:
1102:
804:
335:
58:
17:
1932:
1654:
1644:
1508:
615:
541:
70:
2008:
3035:
2776:
2672:
1529:
198:
2457:
1316:
1280:
121:
2138:
2541:
2203:
1378:
1190:
1066:
2227:
1903:"Платежная система Республики Беларусь - Национальный банк Республики Беларусь"
2962:
515:
329:
271:
157:
144:
46:
2555:
2458:"Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas - Financial Markets - Philippine RTGS: PhilPaSS"
2152:
1866:
901:
KASSIP (Kuwait's
Automated Settlement System for Inter-Participant Payments)
156:
of UK holding the IP, CMA Small System of Sweden, JV Perago of South Africa,
2777:"Bank of Tanzania: Payment System - Overview of the National Payment System"
1334:
1298:
1035:
SRBM (Système de règlement brut du Maroc; Moroccan Gross
Settlement System)
986:
744:
659:
289:
245:
153:
89:
2403:
2436:
1606:
1454:
1436:
1138:
1120:
968:
628:(Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer 2)
620:
405:
351:
1740:
1570:
1534:
1490:
1418:
1262:
1084:
1048:
1030:
914:
680:
625:
559:
387:
311:
85:
84:
The first system that had the attributes of an RTGS system was the US
1680:
1588:
1549:
1472:
1400:
1352:
1244:
1208:
1004:
950:
896:
842:
798:
449:
423:
219:
2524:"Qatar Central Bank - Electronic payments and settlements systems 1"
1495:
SEP (System of Electronic Payments of the National Bank of Ukraine)
767:
SATNA (سامانه تسویه ناخالص آنی, Real-Time Gross Settlement System)
546:
CERTIS (Czech Express Real Time Interbank Gross Settlement System)
1659:
1513:
1226:
932:
878:
860:
824:
724:
603:
489:
467:
167:
97:
42:
1459:
BAHTNET (Bank of Thailand Automated High Value Transfer Network)
1164:
780:
762:
641:
136:
108:. By 1997 a number of countries, inside as well as outside the
50:
2936:
2386:"Bank of Namibia - Namibia Inter-bank Settlement System (NISS)"
1902:
973:
RENTAS (Real Time Electronic Transfer of Funds and Securities)
883:
BOK-WIRE+ (The Bank of Korea Financial Wire Network, 한은금융망)
1611:
ZETSS (Zimbabwe Electronic Transfer and Settlement System)
991:
MACSS (Mauritius Automated Clearing and Settlement System)
749:
BI-RTGS (Bank Indonesia Real Time Gross Settlement Sistem)
2032:
172:
World map with main systems used for large-value payments
2494:"Narodowy Bank Polski - Internetowy Serwis Informacyjny"
2476:"Narodowy Bank Polski - Internetowy Serwis Informacyjny"
1593:
ZIPSS (Zambian Interbank Payment and Settlement System)
919:
BDL-RTGS (Banque Du Liban – Real Time Gross Settlement)
356:
CBRTGS (Central Bank Real Time Gross Settlement System)
176:
Below is a listing of countries and their RTGS systems:
1846:"Azərbaycan Respublikasının Mərkəzi Bankı - Ana səhifə"
865:
KEPSS (Kenya Electronic Payment and Settlement System)
1423:
Système de Virements de Gros Montant Tunisien (SGMT)
1363:
Riksbankens system för överföring av kontoförda pengar
1249:
BESP System (Banking Electronic Speed Payment System)
1885:"Central Bank of Barbados Real Time Gross Settlement"
1814:
1321:
SAMOS (The South African Multiple Option Settlement)
2308:"Mauritius Automated Clearing and Settlement System"
2919:"NHNN - Hệ thống thanh toán điện tử liên ngân hàng"
1979:"Costa Rica: Financial System Stability Assessment"
1768:"The Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) payment system"
2827:"Internet Begriffe/İnternet Terimleri - EN/DE/TR"
2695:"The RIX payment system | Sveriges Riksbank"
1959:"IMF - Financial Sector Assessment Program - PRC"
829:BOJ-NET (Bank of Japan Financial Network System)
120:RTGS systems are usually operated by a country's
1285:SARIE (Saudi Arabian Riyal Interbank Express)
711:GPSS (Georgian Payment and Securities System)
2556:"Banca Naţională a României - Sistemul ReGIS"
1089:CIFTS (CBN Inter-Bank Funds Transfer System)
410:RINGS (Real-time Interbank Gross Settlement)
53:to any other bank on a "real-time" and on a "
8:
2228:http://www.cbj.gov.jo/pages.php?menu_id=128/
1844:Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
1015:Sistema de Pagos Electrónicos Interbancarios
955:MITASS (Malawi Interbank Settlement System)
276:AZIPS (Azerbaijan Interbank Payment System)
206:(Pan-African Payment and Settlement System)
1405:CIFS (CBC Interbank Funds Transfer System)
1303:MEPS+ (MAS Electronic Payment System Plus)
1107:MIPS (Macedonian Interbank Payment System)
1053:NISS (Namibia Interbank Settlement System)
667:(Clearing House Automated Transfer System)
392:BISS (Belarus Interbank Settlement System)
2752:"Central Bank of Tunisia - Interest Rates"
1516:(Clearing House Automated Payment System)
1071:ESAS (Exchange Settlement Account System)
178:
1125:RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement System)
811:; Zahav Real-time Credits and Transfers)
785:RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement System)
316:RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement System)
2009:"Central Bank of the Dominican Republic"
1671:
1557:(Uganda National Interbank Settlement)
1017:; Interbank Electronic Payment System)
691:Valós Idejű Bruttó Elszámolási Rendszer
1711:
1700:
2841:"System of Electronic Payments (SEP)"
1867:"Payment & Settlement | CBB"
1766:Swiss National Bank (November 2019).
693:; Real-time Gross Settlement System)
474:Cross-Border Interbank Payment System
7:
2899:from the original on 10 October 2017
2404:"National Bank of Macedonia website"
2355:"Système de règlement brut du Maroc"
1913:from the original on 10 October 2017
1741:"Real-time gross settlement systems"
1681:"Real-Time Gross Settlement Systems"
1441:TIS (Tanzania Interbank Settlement)
434:Sistema de Transferência de Reservas
1629:UAEFTS (UAE Funds Transfer System)
808:
526:Transferencia Electrónica de Fondos
230:Sistema de pagamentos em tempo real
1933:"High-value payment system - Lynx"
1688:Bank for International Settlements
25:
2478:. October 9, 2010. Archived from
2258:"Central Bank of Lebanon website"
1177:; Gross Settlement in Real Time)
1151:; Gross Settlement in Real Time)
590:; Gross Settlement in Real Time)
298:Information and Transfer System)
2985:"Payment and Settlement Systems"
2697:. March 31, 2013. Archived from
2310:. Bank of Mauritius. 18 May 2016
2178:"Central Bank of Israel website"
2074:. www.rbf.gov.fj. Archived from
1697:from the original on 2010-10-20.
1617:
1599:
1581:
1563:
1542:
1522:
1501:
1483:
1465:
1447:
1429:
1411:
1393:
1371:
1345:
1327:
1309:
1291:
1273:
1255:
1237:
1219:
1201:
1183:
1175:Liquidación Bruta en Tiempo Real
1157:
1149:Liquidación Bruta en Tiempo Real
1131:
1113:
1095:
1077:
1059:
1041:
1023:
997:
979:
961:
943:
925:
907:
889:
871:
853:
835:
817:
791:
773:
755:
737:
717:
699:
673:
652:
634:
614:
596:
588:Liquidación Bruta en Tiempo Real
570:
552:
534:
508:
500:Liquidación Bruta en Tiempo Real
482:
460:
442:
416:
398:
380:
362:
344:
322:
304:
282:
264:
238:
212:
191:
96:in February 1984 and was called
2542:"Bank of Russia payment system"
2410:from the original on 2017-12-01
2336:from the original on 2012-12-17
2289:from the original on 2020-03-13
2264:from the original on 2017-04-27
2210:from the original on 2017-05-06
2184:from the original on 2017-09-19
2159:from the original on 2016-03-04
1477:EFT (Electronic Fund Transfer)
258:; Electronic Means of Payment)
106:financial market infrastructure
65:in "real time" means a payment
27:Electronic fund transfer system
2153:"Central Bank of Iraq website"
528:; Electronic Funds Transfer)
502:; Real-time Gross Settlement)
1:
809:זה"ב זיכויים והעברות בזמן אמת
2360:. 2016-03-04. Archived from
1827:"Medio electrónico de pagos"
436:; Reserves Transfer System)
232:; Real-time Payment System)
2665:"Central Bank of Sri Lanka"
1231:QPS (Qatar Payment System)
3058:
3042:Real-time gross settlement
2204:"Payment systems in Japan"
2100:"National Bank Of Georgia"
338:Payment Service Division)
256:Medio electrónico de pagos
31:Real-time gross settlement
18:Real Time Gross Settlement
1983:Imf Staff Country Reports
37:) systems are specialist
2429:"State Bank of Pakistan"
1889:Central Bank of Barbados
1650:Automated clearing house
1385:Swiss Interbank Clearing
1339:LankaSettle (RTGS/SSSS)
2875:www.bankofengland.co.uk
2756:Central Bank of Tunisia
2240:"KEPSS/RTGS | CBK"
2033:"Central Bank of Egypt"
94:Bankers' Clearing House
2202:Bank of Japan (2003).
1710:Cite journal requires
1362:
1174:
1148:
1014:
690:
587:
525:
499:
433:
370:Bosnia and Herzegovina
255:
229:
173:
41:where the transfer of
39:funds transfer systems
2244:www.centralbank.go.ke
2134:Reserve Bank of India
2055:European Central Bank
2013:www.bancentral.gov.do
1213:SORBNET and SORBNET2
171:
49:takes place from one
2713:"Zahlungssystem SIC"
1989:(103). 17 April 2003
2955:"Funcitional Units"
2332:. Banco de Mexico.
1775:Swiss National Bank
2989:www.centralbank.ae
2051:"What is TARGET2?"
1815:https://papss.com/
578:Dominican Republic
174:
126:goods and services
3022:www.worldbank.org
2995:on 15 August 2011
2965:on 31 August 2015
2851:on 30 August 2018
2640:www.resbank.co.za
2504:on 9 October 2010
2206:. Bank of Japan.
2129:"The RTGS System"
1633:
1632:
57:" basis to avoid
16:(Redirected from
3049:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2991:. Archived from
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2961:. Archived from
2951:
2945:
2944:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2889:"Bank of Uganda"
2885:
2879:
2878:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2847:. Archived from
2837:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2804:. Archived from
2798:"BAHTNET System"
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2671:. Archived from
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2642:. Archived from
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2612:. Archived from
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2583:. Archived from
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2500:. Archived from
2490:
2484:
2483:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2435:. Archived from
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2330:"Banxico's SPEI"
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2137:. Archived from
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2106:. Archived from
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2069:"Payment system"
2065:
2059:
2058:
2057:. 21 March 2023.
2047:
2041:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1939:. 26 August 2021
1929:
1923:
1922:
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1899:
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1863:
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1587:
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1569:
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1548:
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1528:
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1507:
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1504:
1489:
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1471:
1469:
1468:
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1451:
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1435:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1399:
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1377:
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1374:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1297:
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1294:
1279:
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1261:
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1258:
1243:
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1225:
1223:
1222:
1207:
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1204:
1189:
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1137:
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1101:
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1083:
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1080:
1065:
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1047:
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1044:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1003:
1001:
1000:
985:
983:
982:
967:
965:
964:
949:
947:
946:
931:
929:
928:
913:
911:
910:
895:
893:
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859:
857:
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841:
839:
838:
823:
821:
820:
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797:
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779:
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743:
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723:
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619:
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401:
386:
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328:
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310:
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288:
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244:
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216:
215:
197:
195:
194:
179:
164:Existing systems
148:best practices.
21:
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2675:on 12 July 2010
2669:www.cbsl.gov.lk
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2017:
2015:
2007:
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1992:
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1963:
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1942:
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1937:www.payments.ca
1931:
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1200:
1184:
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1132:
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1114:
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1103:North Macedonia
1096:
1094:
1078:
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1060:
1058:
1042:
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1024:
1022:
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443:
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381:
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363:
361:
345:
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336:Bangladesh Bank
323:
321:
305:
303:
283:
281:
265:
263:
239:
237:
213:
211:
192:
190:
166:
118:
79:
59:settlement risk
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3055:
3053:
3045:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3028:
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3006:
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2910:
2880:
2862:
2832:
2818:
2789:
2768:
2743:
2722:
2704:
2701:on 2013-03-31.
2686:
2656:
2627:
2616:on 22 May 2013
2610:www.mas.gov.sg
2597:
2568:
2547:
2533:
2528:www.qcb.gov.qa
2515:
2485:
2482:on 2010-10-09.
2467:
2462:www.bsp.gov.ph
2449:
2420:
2395:
2390:www.bon.com.na
2377:
2346:
2321:
2299:
2274:
2249:
2231:
2220:
2194:
2169:
2144:
2141:on 2017-02-23.
2120:
2104:www.nbg.gov.ge
2091:
2060:
2042:
2037:www.cbe.org.eg
2024:
2000:
1970:
1950:
1924:
1894:
1876:
1871:www.cbb.gov.bh
1858:
1836:
1818:
1807:
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1749:
1731:
1721:
1712:|journal=
1670:
1669:
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1655:Payment system
1652:
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1645:Net settlement
1640:
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1509:United Kingdom
1497:
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566:
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542:Czech Republic
530:
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117:
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78:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3054:
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3016:
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3007:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2964:
2960:
2959:www.rbz.co.zw
2956:
2950:
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2893:www.bou.or.ug
2890:
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2850:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2808:on 2020-09-22
2807:
2803:
2802:www.bot.or.th
2799:
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2714:
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2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2646:on 2020-09-21
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2587:on 2020-08-11
2586:
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2477:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2439:on 2017-11-01
2438:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
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2387:
2381:
2378:
2367:on 2016-03-04
2363:
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2124:
2121:
2110:on 2021-04-15
2109:
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2081:on 2019-08-19
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1530:United States
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199:African Union
189:
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133:
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99:
95:
91:
87:
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76:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3021:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2993:the original
2988:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2963:the original
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2853:. Retrieved
2849:the original
2844:
2835:
2821:
2810:. Retrieved
2806:the original
2801:
2792:
2781:. Retrieved
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2755:
2746:
2735:. Retrieved
2733:. Cbc.gov.tw
2725:
2716:
2707:
2699:the original
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2673:the original
2668:
2659:
2648:. Retrieved
2644:the original
2639:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2614:the original
2609:
2600:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:the original
2580:
2571:
2560:. Retrieved
2550:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2497:
2488:
2480:the original
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2461:
2452:
2441:. Retrieved
2437:the original
2432:
2423:
2412:. Retrieved
2398:
2389:
2380:
2369:. Retrieved
2362:the original
2349:
2338:. Retrieved
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2302:
2291:. Retrieved
2277:
2266:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2234:
2223:
2212:. Retrieved
2197:
2186:. Retrieved
2172:
2161:. Retrieved
2147:
2139:the original
2132:
2123:
2112:. Retrieved
2108:the original
2103:
2094:
2083:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1986:
1982:
1973:
1962:. Retrieved
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1936:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1850:. Retrieved
1848:. En.cbar.az
1839:
1830:
1821:
1810:
1800:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1774:
1761:
1752:
1734:
1724:
1703:cite journal
1674:
1634:
1376:
1317:South Africa
1281:Saudi Arabia
296:Reserve Bank
175:
150:
142:
134:
130:
122:central bank
119:
110:Group of Ten
102:
83:
80:
34:
30:
29:
2845:bank.gov.ua
2779:. Bot.go.tz
1907:www.nbrb.by
1777:. p. 3
1379:Switzerland
1191:Philippines
1067:New Zealand
67:transaction
2999:13 January
2969:13 January
2941:www.boz.zm
2923:sbv.gov.vn
2855:13 January
2812:2020-04-18
2783:2020-04-18
2737:2020-04-18
2731:"中央銀行-中文版"
2679:13 January
2650:2017-05-03
2620:13 January
2591:2017-05-03
2562:2020-04-18
2508:13 January
2443:2017-10-21
2433:sbp.org.pk
2414:2017-12-01
2371:2020-04-18
2340:2017-05-03
2314:August 18,
2293:2020-03-13
2268:2017-05-03
2214:2017-05-03
2188:2017-10-26
2163:2017-05-03
2114:2019-04-28
2085:2020-04-18
2018:2021-09-09
1964:2023-10-11
1852:2020-04-18
1781:10 January
1666:References
646:FIJICLEAR
516:Costa Rica
494:LBTR/CAS (
430:Portuguese
330:Bangladesh
272:Azerbaijan
226:Portuguese
158:SIA S.p.A.
145:World Bank
63:Settlement
47:securities
2558:. Bnro.ro
1335:Sri Lanka
1299:Singapore
1195:PhilPaSS
987:Mauritius
745:Indonesia
687:Hungarian
660:Hong Kong
290:Australia
246:Argentina
116:Operation
90:telegraph
3036:Category
2897:Archived
2408:Archived
2334:Archived
2287:Archived
2262:Archived
2208:Archived
2182:Archived
2157:Archived
1911:Archived
1692:Archived
1639:See also
1607:Zimbabwe
1455:Thailand
1437:Tanzania
1139:Paraguay
1121:Pakistan
969:Malaysia
621:Eurozone
564:KRONOS2
406:Bulgaria
352:Barbados
2937:"ZIPSS"
2871:"CHAPS"
2577:"SARIE"
1571:Vietnam
1535:Fedwire
1491:Ukraine
1419:Tunisia
1359:Swedish
1263:Romania
1171:Spanish
1145:Spanish
1085:Nigeria
1049:Namibia
1031:Morocco
1011:Spanish
915:Lebanon
847:RTGS-J
803:Zahav (
707:Georgia
685:VIBER (
681:Hungary
626:TARGET2
584:Spanish
560:Denmark
522:Spanish
496:Spanish
388:Belarus
312:Bahrain
252:Spanish
185:System
182:Country
86:Fedwire
77:History
71:netting
2761:29 May
2606:"MEPS"
2498:nbp.pl
1993:30 May
1943:30 May
1746:. BIS.
1690:: 14.
1622:
1604:
1589:Zambia
1586:
1568:
1550:Uganda
1547:
1527:
1506:
1488:
1473:Turkey
1470:
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1434:
1416:
1401:Taiwan
1398:
1353:Sweden
1350:
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1296:
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1267:ReGIS
1260:
1245:Russia
1242:
1224:
1209:Poland
1206:
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1169:LBTR (
1162:
1143:LBTR (
1136:
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1100:
1082:
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1046:
1028:
1009:SPEI (
1005:Mexico
1002:
984:
966:
951:Malawi
948:
937:RTGS
930:
912:
897:Kuwait
894:
876:
858:
843:Jordan
840:
822:
805:Hebrew
799:Israel
796:
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639:
601:
582:LBTR (
575:
557:
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487:
472:CIPS (
465:
454:Lynx
450:Canada
447:
424:Brazil
421:
403:
385:
367:
349:
334:RTGS (
327:
309:
294:RITS (
287:
269:
243:
224:SPTR (
220:Angola
217:
196:
3018:(PDF)
2903:6 May
2365:(PDF)
2358:(PDF)
2079:(PDF)
2072:(PDF)
1917:6 May
1805:16–17
1771:(PDF)
1744:(PDF)
1695:(PDF)
1684:(PDF)
1660:SWIFT
1575:IBPS
1514:CHAPS
1383:SIC (
1357:RIX (
1227:Qatar
933:Macao
879:Korea
861:Kenya
825:Japan
725:India
665:CHATS
608:RTGS
604:Egypt
520:TEF (
490:Chile
468:China
428:STR (
374:RTGS
250:MEP (
204:PAPSS
98:CHAPS
55:gross
43:money
3001:2022
2971:2022
2905:2018
2857:2022
2763:2024
2681:2022
2622:2022
2510:2022
2316:2018
1995:2022
1987:2003
1945:2022
1919:2018
1783:2021
1716:help
1555:UNIS
1165:Peru
781:Iraq
763:Iran
730:RTGS
642:Fiji
143:The
137:BACS
51:bank
35:RTGS
2717:SIX
1625:UAE
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