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dropped from the top of the screen again. Every two times the ball is bounced across the net by the players without a point being scored the net is grows slightly higher, up to ten times; it resets in height when a point is scored. Two large numbers at the top of the screen record the points for each player. Each game costs a
357:, felt that as a smaller manufacturer this setup severely limited their ability to sell arcade games: they could only contract with a limited number of distributors, who would only buy a limited number of games per year. To work around this, Atari set up a secret subsidiary company in September 1973,
137:
and released in
February 1974. In the game, two players each control paddles on either side of a volleyball net, with a ball dropped from the top of the screen. The players bounce the ball back and forth across the net with the goal of scoring points by having the ball reach the bottom or side of the
241:
If the ball reaches the bottom of the screen without being deflected by a paddle, bounces on the same paddle four times, hits the net, or is deflected into the side of the screen, then a sound is played and a point is awarded to the player on the opposing side. After a point is scored, the ball is
219:
in which the players, each controlling a paddle representing a person on either side of a volleyball net, attempt to score points. The horizontal paddles are moved by the players left and right on their side of the net, represented by a short dashed line. The ball, represented by a square dot, is
351:
exclusive basis, meaning that only one distributor in each distribution region would carry products from a given arcade game manufacturer, restricting the manufacturer to only the operators that distributor sold to. Atari, in 1973 just over a year old and largely based on their hit first game
350:
The arcade game market is split into manufacturers, distributors, and operators; manufacturers like Atari sell game machines to distributors—who handle several types of electronic machines—who in turn sell them to the operators of locations. In the early 1970s, distributors bought games on an
224:; if it hits a player's paddle, it bounces in another arc according to where on the paddle it hit. Bounces from closer to the center are more vertical, while those towards the sides move mostly horizontally. This method of changing the angle of deflection is similar to the mechanics of
34:
305:(1972), the first game by the new company and fourth arcade game ever produced, the nascent industry was largely composed of variations on the concept, called "ball-and-paddle games". While Atari created games with other gameplay types in 1973 and 1974, such as
167:, which added a "spike" button to the game that made the paddle jump up and attempt to bounce the ball downwards instead of up. In addition to the base game, Atari sold a conversion kit to convert any Atari two-player
138:
other player's half of the screen, with the trajectory of the ball dependent on where it strikes the paddle. The winner is the first player to reach eleven or fifteen points, depending on the game settings.
410:
containing sales numbers for most games of the time period does not contain any numbers for the two games. In addition to the stand-alone game, Atari sold conversion kits which could modify any two-player
262:, which was functionally almost identical with the addition of a "spike" button; this button made the player's paddle jump into the air, potentially bouncing the ball into a downward trajectory like a
159:
of Atari's products and act as a competitor in order to expand into more distribution channels in the same region than the industry typically supported. Kee's first game, released in March 1974, was
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with the addition of the "spike" button that made the paddle jump up to attempt to knock the ball downwards; other than that addition it is functionally the same game.
511:
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game. The kits included a circuit board to plug in to the existing game and decal stickers to cover up the original name on the cabinets with "Rebound". In 1977,
297:] beginning in late 1973; the final schematics are dated November 31, 1973, and use the code name "Volleyball". 1973 was near the beginning of the start of the
250:
one or two rounds per game. Rounds can be set to play until a player reaches either eleven or fifteen points. Whenever a game is won, the game resets into its "
718:
205:
Screenshot of gameplay; the two players are tied at 0 points, the net is at its lowest level, and the ball is falling from the top towards the left side.
1301:
254:", where the paddles are stretched across the screen, allowing the ball to bounce along to the side and be re-dropped indefinitely. Atari subsidiary
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was released by Atari in
February 1974, with a release announcement on February 16. Other Atari ball-and-paddle games from 1974 include
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variants. Despite this, unlike many other games of the time Atari did not make a sequel game. Sales numbers are not available for
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of Atari's games, in effect doubling their potential reach. The first such game by Kee, released in March 1974, was
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began in late 1973, as one of several variations they produced in 1974 on the gameplay of the successful
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151:(1972), Atari's first game and the fourth-ever arcade game. Around the same time, Atari launched
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but nearly identical graphics and controls, with the addition of two "spike' buttons.
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was a variation on that theme, featuring controls and gameplay similar to
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839:
The Video Game
Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond
507:
1049:
816:
History of
Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design and Interaction
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273:
200:
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New Life For Old Games! TV-Ping Pong/Volleyball
Conversion Kit
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282:arcade cabinet, featuring a different cabinet than
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26:
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642:
343:, both of which were variations on the original
567:"What Were the First Ten Coin-Op Video Games?"
894:
8:
791:Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012-11-25).
1346:Video games developed in the United States
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879:
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23:
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433:home video game console, a collection of
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402:; additionally, a table made in 1976 by
220:dropped from the top of the screen in a
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301:industry; after the success of Atari's
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701:
1302:List of Atari, Inc. games (1972–1984)
659:
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7:
590:
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423:was included as one of the games in
734:"Atari's Forgotten Arcade Classics"
569:. The Golden Age Arcade Historian.
692:
648:
633:
14:
498:"The History of Atari: 1971-1977"
258:made a version of the game named
721:from the original on 2016-03-10.
478:from the original on 2015-05-04.
317:(1974), it also created several
155:, a subsidiary meant to produce
837:Wolf, Mark J. P. (2007-11-30).
814:Williams, Andrew (2017-03-16).
746:from the original on 2017-08-18
573:from the original on 2016-10-19
514:from the original on 2017-08-18
461:Rebound Computer Service Manual
1:
547:. International Arcade Museum
415:variant they produced into a
361:, which was intended to sell
774:Videogames: In the Beginning
732:Edwards, Benj (2017-06-02).
496:Fulton, Steve (2007-11-06).
408:Videogames: In the Beginning
1336:Discrete video arcade games
795:Atari Inc.: Business Is Fun
565:Smith, Keith (2014-05-17).
437:variants, as "Volleyball".
390:as one of the more notable
1367:
843:Greenwood Publishing Group
674:. 2016-09-08. p. 38.
1299:
921:Syzygy Engineering (1971)
874:Killer List of Videogames
664:"The Story of Breakout".
31:
1351:Multiplayer video games
384:has been described by
287:
246:, and machines can be
206:
277:
204:
1331:Atari arcade games
1326:Arcade video games
615:: 59. 1974-02-16.
471:]. February 1974.
288:
207:
189:, a collection of
1308:
1307:
852:978-0-313-33868-7
829:978-1-317-50381-1
806:978-0-9855974-0-5
783:978-0-9643848-1-1
776:. Rolenta Press.
672:Future Publishing
293:was developed by
131:arcade video game
119:
118:
1358:
1321:1974 video games
1258:Tournament Table
903:
896:
889:
880:
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833:
810:
799:. Syzygy Press.
798:
787:
755:
754:
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751:
742:. Wenner Media.
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670:. No. 117.
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649:Goldberg, Vendel
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634:Goldberg, Vendel
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264:volleyball spike
212:is a two-player
179:was included in
126:is a two-player
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24:
16:1974 arcade game
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772:(2005-04-26).
770:Baer, Ralph H.
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182:Video Olympics
175:, and in 1977
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404:Ralph H. Baer
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321:-like games.
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171:variant into
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133:developed by
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90:February 1974
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1290:Lunar Lander
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1131:Night Driver
1129:
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1085:Steeplechase
1083:
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1009:
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990:Gran Trak 10
988:
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945:
927:
914:arcade games
868:
838:
815:
794:
773:
748:. Retrieved
737:
727:
709:
688:
665:
629:
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575:. Retrieved
560:
549:. Retrieved
539:
527:
516:. Retrieved
501:
460:
434:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
406:in his book
399:
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314:Gran Trak 10
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252:attract mode
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57:Publisher(s)
45:Developer(s)
18:
1212:Triple Hunt
1159:Stunt Cycle
1064:Jet Fighter
1043:Doctor Pong
695:, pp. 10–11
667:Retro Gamer
593:, pp. 36–37
387:Retro Gamer
311:(1973) and
299:arcade game
270:Development
248:set to play
236:arcade game
217:sports game
157:clone games
114:Multiplayer
67:Platform(s)
61:Atari, Inc.
1315:Categories
1283:Basketball
1244:Fire Truck
1198:Starship 1
1078:Shark Jaws
972:Space Race
750:2017-08-18
577:2016-10-08
551:2017-08-18
518:2017-08-18
441:References
431:Atari 2600
347:gameplay.
340:Quadrapong
308:Space Race
214:volleyball
193:variants.
187:Atari 2600
1276:Asteroids
1251:Sky Diver
1237:Avalanche
1205:Super Bug
1184:Destroyer
1145:Quiz Show
820:CRC Press
717:]. 1974.
680:1742-3155
621:0008-7289
604:"Rebound"
503:Gamasutra
359:Kee Games
336:Superpong
256:Kee Games
234:'s first
153:Kee Games
1152:Sprint 2
1103:Breakout
1057:Indy 800
744:Archived
719:Archived
636:, p. 120
612:Cash Box
571:Archived
532:Williams
512:Archived
473:Archived
429:for the
230:(1972),
197:Gameplay
185:for the
99:Genre(s)
1191:Dominos
1071:Pursuit
1004:Rebound
872:at the
869:Rebound
762:Sources
545:"Spike"
534:, p. 60
421:Rebound
417:Rebound
396:Rebound
382:Rebound
371:Rebound
331:Rebound
323:Rebound
291:Rebound
284:Rebound
244:quarter
210:Rebound
177:Rebound
173:Rebound
165:Rebound
143:Rebound
123:Rebound
110:Mode(s)
78:Release
27:Rebound
1138:Outlaw
1124:LeMans
1117:Indy 4
1050:Hi-way
965:Gotcha
909:1970s
849:
826:
803:
780:
678:
619:
377:Legacy
363:clones
128:sports
104:Sports
72:Arcade
997:Qwak!
911:Atari
715:Atari
607:(PDF)
476:(PDF)
469:Atari
465:(PDF)
400:Spike
367:Spike
295:Atari
280:Spike
260:Spike
232:Atari
161:Spike
135:Atari
50:Atari
38:Flyer
1268:1979
1222:1978
1169:1977
1095:1976
1021:1975
1011:Tank
982:1974
957:1973
947:Pong
939:1972
847:ISBN
824:ISBN
801:ISBN
778:ISBN
693:Baer
676:ISSN
617:ISSN
591:Wolf
435:Pong
413:Pong
392:Pong
354:Pong
345:Pong
338:and
327:Pong
319:Pong
303:Pong
227:Pong
191:Pong
169:Pong
148:Pong
1110:F-1
508:UBM
398:or
1317::
845:.
841:.
822:.
818:.
736:.
713:.
700:^
656:^
641:^
609:.
510:.
506:.
500:.
484:^
467:.
449:^
278:A
266:.
238:.
86:NA
902:e
895:t
888:v
855:.
832:.
809:.
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