42:
385:, Lancefield served on the Commission on Streptococcal and Staphylococcal Diseases of the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board. In 1946, Lancefield was promoted to associate member at Rockefeller University. She was promoted to full member and professor at Rockefeller in 1958. Lancefield was a long-time collaborator of
334:
Lancefield's first co-authored paper was published in 1919 when she was a technician, an unusual recognition at the time. Previous to this work, researchers did not know if different streptococcal strains were biologically distinct. Working with Avery and Dochez, she identified four serological types
353:
After her PhD, Lancefield returned to studying β-hemolytic streptococci at
Rockefeller. She now aimed to identify the biological components of surface antigens located on the bacteria. In 1928, Lancefield reported that the type-specific antigen of streptococci was a protein. She named this protein
377:
Lancefield discovered two additional group A streptococci surface proteins: the T-antigen, in 1940, and the R-antigen, in 1957. Later in her career, she focused on group B streptococci. Her research revealed that group B streptococci lacked the M-protein. She discovered that, instead, surface
457:
The
Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases is named in her honor. The samples collected over her career are now maintained by Rockefeller University as the Lancefield collection. To date, the collection includes over 6,000 streptococci strains.
346:. Zinsser did not want to work with women, and suggested she move her work to the lab of Homer Swift. Therefore, the majority of her work was carried out at Rockefeller, where Swift's lab was located. At the time, viridans streptococci were incorrectly believed to contribute to
312:, and continued to study bacteriology. Lancefield received her master's degree from Columbia in 1918. The same year, she married Donald E. Lancefield, a fellow graduate student in genetics at Columbia. After graduation, she worked as a technician for
813:
362:, which she named the C-carbohydrate. Within this discovery, Lancefield revealed that the C-carbohydrate was not species-specific, as originally thought. This realization prompted her development of a classification system, called
247:(now Rockefeller University) in New York in 1918, and was associated with that institute throughout her long and outstanding career. Her bibliography comprises more than 50 publications published over 60 years.
806:
799:
421:
by
Rockefeller University. She was formally honored by Wellesley College, her alma mater, in 1976. Lancefield received many awards, including the T. Duckett Jones Award of the
1655:
454:
Due to
Lancefield's willingness to answer microbiological questions, her lab at Rockefeller earned the nickname "the Scotland Yard of streptococcal mysteries."
358:
because a matt colony occurs when the bacteria is exposed to the antigen. Lancefield discovered that the group-specific antigen of streptococci was composed of
1685:
1650:
1700:
1680:
576:
410:
406:
1705:
1675:
1695:
1670:
1660:
822:
483:
1665:
371:
367:
1469:
560:
1337:
308:, she taught math and science at a girls school in Vermont for one year. She accepted a scholarship to Teachers' College,
1463:
1296:
914:
430:
422:
414:
138:
1123:
426:
1522:
878:
836:
355:
755:
255:
1081:
962:
735:
920:
1373:
1141:
1045:
980:
932:
1534:
1212:
986:
956:
938:
41:
1528:
1516:
1421:
1361:
1331:
1325:
1290:
1164:
1099:
926:
244:
182:
1302:
1343:
1272:
1254:
1194:
1188:
1093:
1015:
974:
944:
902:
860:
624:
598:
339:
322:
1570:
1558:
1308:
791:
1690:
1645:
1640:
1576:
1552:
1367:
1278:
1260:
1236:
1218:
1200:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1027:
1009:
950:
908:
890:
848:
670:
1588:
1612:
1606:
1427:
1409:
1075:
884:
842:
363:
309:
262:
113:
99:
1594:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1439:
1385:
1379:
1129:
1033:
968:
896:
866:
390:
1230:
1051:
872:
706:
688:
572:
541:
418:
301:
93:
490:
1451:
1397:
1176:
1135:
1039:
696:
678:
531:
523:
297:
195:
17:
374:
for bovine streptococcal infections. Today, Lancefield groups includes groups A through M.
1582:
1504:
1415:
1242:
347:
317:
218:
674:
335:
that classified 70 percent of the β-hemolytic streptococcal strains they were studying.
1546:
1540:
1457:
1403:
1391:
1349:
1284:
1266:
1224:
1182:
1021:
854:
701:
658:
536:
511:
447:
386:
289:
240:
1634:
1618:
1564:
1445:
1355:
1170:
1147:
293:
258:
237:
1510:
1433:
1248:
1087:
1003:
771:
512:"A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci"
394:
382:
359:
343:
313:
266:
213:
200:
161:
772:"The Rockefeller University " The Lancefield Collection of Streptococcus Strains"
1600:
1206:
1117:
1111:
280:. She is also responsible for the serological typing of Group A Streptococci.
166:
692:
277:
710:
659:"Non-Disjunction and the Chromosome Relationships of Drosophila willistoni"
545:
683:
527:
320:
at
Rockefeller. The following year, she returned to Columbia to study on
270:
251:
445:
has been used by her fellow scientists for decades and was published on
300:. Her father was an officer in the US Army Engineer Corps. She attended
305:
273:
442:
495:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. pp. 225–246.
795:
413:, the first woman to hold the position. She was elected to the
405:
In 1943, she was the second woman to become president of the
378:
polysaccharides were responsible for their virulence factor.
304:
657:
Lancefield, Rebecca C.; Metz, Charles W. (1921-08-01).
366:, for streptococcal diseases. She initially designated
625:"Rebecca Craighill Lancefield: Pioneer Microbiologist"
599:"Rebecca Craighill Lancefield, Pioneer Microbiologist"
736:"PI in the Scotland Yard of Streptococcal Mysteries"
350:. Lancefield's thesis work helped dispel this idea.
1479:
1318:
1157:
996:
829:
823:
Presidents of the
American Society for Microbiology
206:
194:
175:
154:
127:
119:
109:
86:
78:
66:
51:
32:
236:(January 5, 1895 – March 3, 1981) was a prominent
505:
503:
663:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
571:(4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch.
417:in 1970. In 1973, she was awarded an honorary
807:
8:
632:ASM (American Society for Microbiology) News
814:
800:
792:
342:. Lancefield originally joined the lab of
245:Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
40:
29:
743:The American Association of Immunologists
700:
682:
535:
756:"Dr. Rebecca Lancefield's Eggnog Recipe"
484:"Rebecca Craighill Lancefield 1895–1981"
429:Achievement Award, and the Medal of the
467:
409:. In 1961, she became president of the
370:for human streptococcal infections and
338:For her PhD thesis, Lancefield studied
1656:20th-century American women scientists
411:American Association of Immunologists
7:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
592:
590:
588:
477:
475:
473:
471:
407:Society of American Bacteriologists
27:American microbiologist (1895–1981)
563:. In Baron S; et al. (eds.).
25:
250:Lancefield is best known for her
1686:Scientists from New York (state)
1651:20th-century American biologists
393:, two recipients of the notable
1701:American women microbiologists
1681:Rockefeller University faculty
1:
1338:Aaron Frederick Rasmussen Jr.
623:O'Hern, Elizabeth M. (1975).
1297:Robert George Everitt Murray
1106:Rebecca Craighill Lancefield
915:Charles-Edward Amory Winslow
569:Baron's Medical Microbiology
431:New York Academy of Medicine
423:Helen Hay Whitney Foundation
415:National Academy of Sciences
234:Rebecca Craighill Lancefield
207:Other academic advisors
139:New York Academy of Medicine
34:Rebecca Craighill Lancefield
18:Rebecca Craighill Lancefield
1722:
597:O'Hern, Elizabeth (1975).
427:American Heart Association
1706:Graduate Women in Science
1676:People from Staten Island
1183:Cornelis Bernard van Niel
837:William Thompson Sedgwick
227:
147:
39:
1696:Wellesley College alumni
1671:American microbiologists
1661:American bacteriologists
1082:Arthur Trautwein Henrici
963:Francis Charles Harrison
441:Lancefield's recipe for
284:Early life and education
265:, which is based on the
1398:Barbara Hotham Iglewski
1142:William McDowell Hammon
1046:William Mansfield Clark
933:Thomas Jonathan Burrill
921:Charles Edward Marshall
326:under Charles W. Metz.
288:Lancefield was born at
1666:American immunologists
1529:Clifford Wayne Houston
1416:Joan Wennstrom Bennett
1374:Robert Pierce Williams
1362:Frederick C. Neidhardt
1332:Harlyn Odell Halvorson
1326:Helen Riaboff Whiteley
1165:Walter James Nungester
1100:Selman Abraham Waksman
981:Arthur Parker Hitchens
927:David Hendricks Bergey
510:Lancefield RC (1933).
259:streptococcal bacteria
183:Rockefeller University
134:T. Duckett Jones Award
1344:Edwin Herman Lennette
1285:Robert Edward Hungate
1273:Dennis Wallace Watson
1267:Salvador Edward Luria
1255:Riley Dee Housewright
1213:Philip Rarick Edwards
1195:Charles Arthur Stuart
1189:Halvor Orin Halvorson
1094:Oswald Theodore Avery
1052:Milton Joseph Rosenau
1016:Alice Catherine Evans
987:Norman MacLeod Harris
975:Edwin George Hastings
957:Charles Krumwiede Jr.
945:Robert Earle Buchanan
939:Leo Frederick Rettger
903:Frederic Poole Gorham
861:Frederick George Novy
559:Patterson MJ (1996).
340:viridans streptococci
323:Drosophila willistoni
1517:Stanley Robert Maloy
1422:Richard Lane Crowell
1404:Alice Shih-Hou Huang
1368:John Charles Sherris
1291:Morris Frank Shaffer
1279:Edwin Michael Foster
1261:William Bowen Sarles
1237:Robert Lyman Starkey
1219:Charles Albert Evans
1201:Perry William Wilson
1070:James Morgan Sherman
1064:Thomas Milton Rivers
1058:Karl Friedrich Meyer
1028:Stanhope Bayne-Jones
1010:Robert Stanley Breed
951:Samuel Cate Prescott
909:William Hallock Park
891:Joseph James Kinyoun
849:Herbert William Conn
684:10.1073/pnas.7.8.225
528:10.1084/jem.57.4.571
492:Biographical Memoirs
254:classification of β-
1303:Linzy Leon Campbell
1076:Paul Franklin Clark
885:Harry Luman Russell
843:William Henry Welch
776:lab.rockefeller.edu
675:1921PNAS....7..225L
364:Lancefield grouping
330:Career and research
310:Columbia University
263:Lancefield grouping
187:Columbia University
114:Lancefield grouping
100:Columbia University
1493:Abigail A. Salyers
1440:David Schlessinger
1386:Moselio Schaechter
1380:Rita Rossi Colwell
1130:Thomas Francis Jr.
1034:James Howard Brown
969:Lore Alford Rogers
897:Veranus Alva Moore
867:Edwin Oakes Jordan
46:Lancefield in 1960
1628:
1627:
1571:Jeffery F. Miller
1559:Jeffery F. Miller
1535:Alison D. O'Brien
1243:John Roger Porter
1231:John Edward Blair
873:Erwin Frink Smith
578:978-0-9631172-1-2
419:Doctor of Science
302:Wellesley College
243:. She joined the
231:
230:
149:Scientific career
123:Donald Lancefield
94:Wellesley College
16:(Redirected from
1713:
1523:Diane E. Griffin
1452:Kenneth I. Berns
1309:Philipp Gerhardt
1177:Gail Monroe Dack
1136:Harold Joel Conn
1040:Edwin Broun Fred
816:
809:
802:
793:
786:
785:
783:
782:
768:
762:
753:
747:
746:
740:
732:
715:
714:
704:
686:
654:
648:
647:
645:
643:
629:
620:
614:
613:
603:
594:
583:
582:
556:
550:
549:
539:
507:
498:
496:
488:
482:Maclyn McCarty.
479:
437:Death and legacy
389:and a mentor of
196:Doctoral advisor
102:(M.S. & PhD)
73:
61:
59:
44:
30:
21:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1583:Lynn W. Enquist
1577:Timothy Donohue
1553:David C. Hooper
1505:Thomas E. Shenk
1475:
1314:
1153:
992:
825:
820:
790:
789:
780:
778:
770:
769:
765:
754:
750:
738:
734:
733:
718:
656:
655:
651:
641:
639:
627:
622:
621:
617:
601:
596:
595:
586:
579:
565:Streptococcus.
561:"Streptococcus"
558:
557:
553:
509:
508:
501:
486:
481:
480:
469:
464:
439:
403:
391:Emil Gotschlich
348:rheumatic fever
332:
318:Alphonse Dochez
286:
276:found on their
269:composition of
223:
219:Alphonse Dochez
190:
171:
143:
105:
87:Alma mater
71:
62:January 5, 1895
57:
55:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1589:Susan E. Sharp
1586:
1580:
1574:
1573:(Mar-Dec 2014)
1568:
1567:(Jan-Feb 2014)
1562:
1556:
1550:
1547:Bonnie Bassler
1544:
1541:Roberto Kolter
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1458:Stanley Falkow
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1392:Jean Brenchley
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1350:Willis A. Wood
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1225:Herald Rea Cox
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1112:Ira L. Baldwin
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1022:Ludvig Hektoen
1019:
1013:
1007:
1000:
998:
994:
993:
991:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
855:Theobald Smith
852:
846:
840:
833:
831:
827:
826:
821:
819:
818:
811:
804:
796:
788:
787:
763:
759:Science Friday
748:
716:
669:(8): 225–229.
649:
615:
584:
577:
551:
499:
466:
465:
463:
460:
448:Science Friday
438:
435:
402:
399:
387:Maclyn McCarty
331:
328:
290:Fort Wadsworth
285:
282:
241:microbiologist
229:
228:
225:
224:
222:
221:
216:
210:
208:
204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
189:
188:
185:
179:
177:
173:
172:
170:
169:
164:
158:
156:
152:
151:
145:
144:
142:
141:
135:
131:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
111:
110:Known for
107:
106:
104:
103:
97:
90:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
74:(aged 86)
68:
64:
63:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1718:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1620:
1619:Colleen Kraft
1617:
1614:
1613:Steven Finkel
1611:
1608:
1607:Victor DiRita
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:Jo Handelsman
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1470:Julian Davies
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:Carol A. Nacy
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:John Ingraham
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:Walter Dowdle
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:Albert Balows
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1148:Barnett Cohen
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:James Craigie
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
995:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
879:James Carroll
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
832:
828:
824:
817:
812:
810:
805:
803:
798:
797:
794:
777:
773:
767:
764:
760:
757:
752:
749:
744:
737:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
717:
712:
708:
703:
698:
694:
690:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
653:
650:
637:
633:
626:
619:
616:
611:
607:
600:
593:
591:
589:
585:
580:
574:
570:
566:
562:
555:
552:
547:
543:
538:
533:
529:
525:
522:(4): 571–95.
521:
517:
513:
506:
504:
500:
494:
493:
485:
478:
476:
474:
472:
468:
461:
459:
455:
452:
450:
449:
444:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:carbohydrates
357:
351:
349:
345:
341:
336:
329:
327:
325:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:Staten Island
291:
283:
281:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
239:
235:
226:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
209:
205:
202:
199:
197:
193:
186:
184:
181:
180:
178:
174:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
157:
153:
150:
146:
140:
137:Medal of the
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
70:March 3, 1981
69:
65:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1595:Peggy Cotter
1511:James Tiedje
1499:Ronald Atlas
1480:2001–present
1434:Gail Cassell
1249:Orville Wyss
1105:
1088:Charles Thom
1004:Hans Zinsser
779:. Retrieved
775:
766:
758:
751:
742:
666:
662:
652:
640:. Retrieved
635:
631:
618:
609:
605:
568:
564:
554:
519:
515:
491:
456:
453:
446:
440:
404:
395:Lasker Prize
383:World War II
380:
376:
352:
344:Hans Zinsser
337:
333:
321:
314:Oswald Avery
287:
267:carbohydrate
249:
233:
232:
214:Oswald Avery
201:Hans Zinsser
176:Institutions
162:Bacteriology
148:
72:(1981-03-03)
1691:Serologists
1646:1981 deaths
1641:1895 births
1601:Robin Patel
1487:Martha Howe
1464:Stuart Levy
1207:Harry Eagle
1118:Stuart Mudd
642:29 November
252:serological
79:Nationality
1635:Categories
1171:René Dubos
781:2018-08-02
612:: 805–810.
462:References
278:cell walls
167:Immunology
58:1895-01-05
1319:1976–2000
1158:1951–1975
997:1926–1950
830:1900–1925
693:0027-8424
516:J Exp Med
356:M-protein
271:bacterial
256:hemolytic
711:16576594
606:ASM News
546:19870148
298:New York
274:antigens
238:American
82:American
702:1084856
671:Bibcode
537:2132252
497:. p.227
381:During
372:group B
368:group A
306:zoology
1621:(2022)
1615:(2021)
1609:(2020)
1603:(2019)
1597:(2018)
1591:(2017)
1585:(2016)
1579:(2015)
1561:(2013)
1555:(2012)
1549:(2011)
1543:(2010)
1537:(2009)
1531:(2008)
1525:(2007)
1519:(2006)
1513:(2005)
1507:(2004)
1501:(2003)
1495:(2002)
1489:(2001)
1472:(2000)
1466:(1999)
1460:(1998)
1454:(1997)
1448:(1996)
1442:(1995)
1436:(1994)
1430:(1993)
1424:(1992)
1418:(1991)
1412:(1990)
1406:(1989)
1400:(1988)
1394:(1987)
1388:(1986)
1382:(1985)
1376:(1984)
1370:(1983)
1364:(1982)
1358:(1981)
1352:(1980)
1346:(1979)
1340:(1978)
1334:(1977)
1328:(1976)
1311:(1975)
1305:(1974)
1299:(1973)
1293:(1972)
1287:(1971)
1281:(1970)
1275:(1969)
1269:(1968)
1263:(1967)
1257:(1966)
1251:(1965)
1245:(1964)
1239:(1963)
1233:(1962)
1227:(1961)
1221:(1960)
1215:(1959)
1209:(1958)
1203:(1957)
1197:(1956)
1191:(1955)
1185:(1954)
1179:(1953)
1173:(1952)
1167:(1951)
1150:(1950)
1144:(1949)
1138:(1948)
1132:(1947)
1126:(1946)
1120:(1945)
1114:(1944)
1108:(1943)
1102:(1942)
1096:(1941)
1090:(1940)
1084:(1939)
1078:(1938)
1072:(1937)
1066:(1936)
1060:(1935)
1054:(1934)
1048:(1933)
1042:(1932)
1036:(1931)
1030:(1930)
1024:(1929)
1018:(1928)
1012:(1927)
1006:(1926)
989:(1925)
983:(1924)
977:(1923)
971:(1922)
965:(1921)
959:(1920)
953:(1919)
947:(1918)
941:(1917)
935:(1916)
929:(1915)
923:(1914)
917:(1913)
911:(1912)
905:(1911)
899:(1910)
893:(1909)
887:(1908)
881:(1907)
875:(1906)
869:(1905)
863:(1904)
857:(1903)
851:(1902)
845:(1901)
839:(1900)
709:
699:
691:
575:
544:
534:
443:eggnog
425:, the
401:Honors
155:Fields
128:Awards
120:Spouse
96:(B.A.)
739:(PDF)
628:(PDF)
602:(PDF)
487:(PDF)
707:PMID
689:ISSN
644:2018
638:(12)
573:ISBN
542:PMID
354:the
316:and
67:Died
52:Born
697:PMC
679:doi
567:in:
532:PMC
524:doi
1637::
774:.
741:.
719:^
705:.
695:.
687:.
677:.
665:.
661:.
636:41
634:.
630:.
608:.
604:.
587:^
540:.
530:.
520:57
518:.
514:.
502:^
489:.
470:^
451:.
433:.
397:.
296:,
292:,
261:,
815:e
808:t
801:v
784:.
761:.
745:.
713:.
681::
673::
667:7
646:.
610:4
581:.
548:.
526::
60:)
56:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
