248:
186:
59:
458:
further ten such images, carved in wood, have recently been added by way of embellishments to the new furniture created by Treske of Thirsk for the Bray Chapel. In the twenty-first century Bray was again remembered and memorialised for his benefaction. As part of a fundraising effort for major works, the dean and canons established a 'Bray
Fellowship' with
369:'. The nineteenth century compared him to a Prime Minister. He was a known source of patronage and of intercession with the king. This spilled over into personal profit, whether such minor gifts as food and drink, or larger rewards of money and appointments to estate office and trusteeship by those seeking his favour.
349:
Neither Bray's office of
Chancellor of the Duchy, nor the various receiverships, stewardships, custodianship of castles, and the like, to which he was appointed by the king, fully explain his influence. He was above all the king's councillor, one of many, but one of the most important. Under the
457:
of the hemp-brake or hemp-bray. The hemp-bray was a fairly crude implement used to separate the fibres of hemp from the tough outer coating of the dried stems of the plant, and was an effective pun on Bray's name. By one count, one hundred and seventy five examples are found in the Chapel. A
318:
In the autumn and winter of 1485 he was employed doing one of the things he did best, raising money for the king. To this end, he acted jointly with the merchant Avery
Cornburgh as under-treasurer of the Exchequer from mid-October 1485; and, on 28 February 1486, he replaced
372:
The nineteenth century classed Bray as an architect. It would be more accurate to call him a prodigious builder, both on his own behalf, and by funding and assisting friends and projects in which he took an interest. He built, for example, at his houses of
327:, serving until July 1486. He retained some fiscal responsibility until his own death in 1503. He was Treasurer of War for the king's invasion of France in 1492. Peace with France brought him personal profit in the form of a pension from the King of France.
302:
Bray was quickly established at the administrative and financial heart of the new regime. He enjoyed extraordinary and trusted access to the king whom he had first met as a boy. On 13 September 1485, Bray was appointed as
282:
Bray continued in
Margaret Beaufort's service after Stafford's death in 1471, and by 1485 had been her estate officer for more than twenty years, serving both Margaret and her successive husbands, Henry Stafford and
307:. He retained the office for life. The office brought immense patronage and responsibilities, both judicial and financial, as well as prestige and profit to its holder. Bray was one of the seven men created a
270:
during the period of her first marriage to Sir Henry
Stafford, acquitting himself sufficiently well to become the couple's receiver-general by 1465. Margaret sent Bray several times on missions to her son by
448:
No tomb is extant for Bray, although a coffin said to be his was found in 1740. The extent of his financial contribution to the building works for the completion of the chapel first begun at
Windsor by
453:
is, however, marked by repeated stone bosses and other decoration in stone, metal, and other materials. They display his coat of arms or his initials within the garter, and above all, his
1187:
266:, the second son of Richard Bray, a surgeon,. He was the eldest son born of his father's second marriage to Joan Troughton. With his younger brother, John, Bray entered the service of
425:, Sussex, and claims to lands in Berkshire and Hampshire. The bulk of Bray's large estates, however, were acquired after 1485, some gained by exploiting his position and privilege.
462:, as honorary senior fellow, recognising the contributions of ten major donors to the works. A Canadian Bray fellowship was also established, with similar aims. In 2017 the
432:. Bray had a brother of the whole blood, John Bray, and an elder half brother, also named John Bray. After litigation, Reginald Bray's estates were divided between his nephew,
467:
267:
1162:
1157:
247:
786:
527:
DeLloyd J. Guth, 'Climbing the Civil-Service Pole during Civil War: Sir
Reynold Bray (c.1440-1503)', in Sharon D. Michalove and A. Compton Reeves, eds.,
867:'Harting', in A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 4, the Rape of Chichester, ed. L F Salzman (London, 1953), pp. 10-21. British History Online
478:
in which one of the quartet of stamps showing the Chapel was an illustration of a stone roof boss carved with Bray's initials set within the garter.
475:
429:
406:
357:
he led the development of the
Council Learned, which met in the Duchy chamber at Westminster. His methods prefigured those of the notorious
252:
236:
227:, and one of the most influential men in Henry VII's government and administration. He was an estate officer and senior councillor to both
1182:
1167:
1119:
304:
216:
73:
1055:
Condon, Margaret (1990). "From
Caitiff and Villain to Pater Patriae: Reynold Bray and the Profits of Office". In Hicks, Michael (ed.).
365:, although his authority and responsibilities were greater than both. As such, modern historiography casts him as one of Henry VII's '
204:
48:
272:
284:
200:
44:
1093:
1030:
712:
671:
459:
437:
1112:
106:
1172:
1064:
755:"Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, Volume 2"
647:
536:
914:
433:
1177:
417:
Bray married, about 1475, Katherine Hussey (d.1506), the younger of the two daughters and coheirs of
Nicholas Hussey of
827:
Bray is the third figure on the viewer's left, in the bottom row, and can identified from his tabard with his arms:
63:
Sir Reginald Bray, Privy Councillor to Hen. VII. in the north window of Jesus College, Priory Church, Great Malvern.
970:
940:
24:
335:
294:
on the English throne. Bray would continue as Margaret Beaufort's receiver-general until his own death in 1503.
386:
548:
DeLloyd J. Guth, 'Climbing the Civil-Service Pole during Civil War: Sir Reynold Bray (c.1440-1503)', pp. 60-61
1129:
118:
185:
232:
1147:
1087:
665:
334:, a position which carried judicial responsibilities. He was elevated to be a knight banneret after the
58:
398:
1152:
450:
382:
343:
331:
312:
291:
276:
228:
220:
94:
440:, who had married Margery Bray, the daughter of Bray's elder brother of the half blood, John Bray.
339:
324:
259:
224:
144:
780:
263:
28:
239:, where some of the building work for which he provided funds can still be seen and identified.
381:, in Bedfordshire. His presence among the donor portraits in the great 'Magnificat' window at
1060:
643:
532:
402:
308:
1035:
717:
320:
20:
999:
868:
892:
W. St John Hope, Windsor Castle: An Architectural History (2 vols, 1913), ii. pp. 450-58
754:
1071:
660:
471:
358:
157:
290:
He had a leading role in the various conspiracies of 1483-1485 whose aim was to place
1141:
362:
1086:
664:
1047:
729:
279:
a gift of money from his mother to enable the boy to purchase a bow and arrows.
915:"Bray Chantry, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle : Treske Church Furniture"
390:
721:
1039:
463:
394:
378:
828:
779:
215:– 5 August 1503) was an English administrator and statesman. He was the
422:
374:
366:
377:, which Henry VII briefly visited in 1498, and at Eaton, now known as
529:
Estrangement, Enterprise & Education in Fifteenth Century England
418:
710:
Cunningham, Sean (2011). "Henry VII's Council Learned in the Law".
454:
246:
184:
397:. In January 1503 he helped to lay the foundation stone of the
851:
849:
436:, eldest son of his brother of the whole blood, John Bray, and
428:
Bray died without issue on 5 August 1503, and was buried in
409:, both during Bray's life, and under the terms of his will.
385:
suggests that he part funded the costs. He contributed to
1057:
Profit, Piety and the Professions in Later Medieval England
421:, by whom he had no issue. Katherine brought him lands in
642:, Vol II, ed. J. I Catto and T. A. R.Evans (Oxford, 1992)
1028:
Condon, M.M. (2004). "Bray, Sir Reynold (c.1440–1503)".
869:
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol4/pp10-21
799:
797:
757:, George Edward Cokayne. G. Bell & sons, 1889. p. 11
217:
Chancellor of the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster
790:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 437/438.
19:
For the English eccentric and autograph collector, see
1072:
https://archive.org/details/bray005/page/n3/mode/2up
978:
Companion: The Magazine for the College of St George
948:
Companion: The Magazine for the College of St George
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
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346:
in 1478, and for Hampshire in 1491, 1495, and 1497.
1079:
Henry VII's New Men and the Making of Tudor England
506:
504:
502:
171:
163:
151:
133:
128:
112:
100:
90:
72:
38:
1000:"Royal Mail releases new Windsor Castle stamp set"
16:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (c.1440–1503)
258:Reginald (Reynold) Bray was born about 1440 in
1188:Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
675:. Vol. 6. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
275:. For example, in 1469 he brought the young
8:
1034:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
716:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
191:Argent, a chevron between three eagle's legs
1097:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
1101:
971:"Canons' Cloister and the Bray Fellowship"
941:"Canons' Cloister and the Bray Fellowship"
86:13 September 1486 – 5 August 1503
57:
35:
829:https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4135889
605:Vol. 1 (London, 1953), pp. 263-65, 325-27
389:in Cambridge and lent his assistance to
1031:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
713:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
640:The History of the University of Oxford
486:
405:. The major beneficiary, however, was
330:In 1494, he was elected Steward of the
901:
880:
855:
840:
815:
803:
766:
697:
685:
627:
576:
523:
521:
519:
338:in 1497. In 1501, he was elected as a
1163:Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
7:
1120:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
742:
510:
460:HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
305:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
74:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
253:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
23:. For the British politician, see
14:
603:History of the Duchy of Lancaster
590:History of the Duchy of Lancaster
1158:People from St John's, Worcester
1094:Dictionary of National Biography
672:Dictionary of National Biography
438:William Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys
235:. He was a major benefactor to
189:Arms of Sir Reginald Bray, KG:
466:issued a commemorative set of
1:
919:www.treskechurchfurniture.com
592:Vol. 1 (London, 1953), p. 392
351:
209:
137:
27:. For the English judge, see
1048:UK public library membership
831:Retrieved 21 September 2020.
730:UK public library membership
1183:16th-century English people
1168:Knights banneret of England
1059:. Alan Sutton, Gloucester.
430:St George's Chapel, Windsor
407:St George's Chapel, Windsor
321:Archbishop Thomas Rotherham
237:St George's Chapel, Windsor
1204:
1081:. Oxford University Press.
781:"Bray, Sir Reginald"
688:, p. 140, 143, 145-6.
225:Treasurer of the Exchequer
25:Reginald Bray (politician)
18:
1126:
1117:
1109:
1104:
969:Griffiths, Carol (2013).
939:Griffiths, Carol (2013).
179:
124:
79:
68:
56:
262:parish, then outside of
787:Encyclopædia Britannica
231:and the king's mother,
1088:"Bray, Reginald"
722:10.1093/ref:odnb/96407
666:"Bray, Reginald"
393:for building works at
255:
193:
1173:Knights of the Garter
1077:Gunn, Steven (2016).
1040:10.1093/ref:odnb/3295
858:, p. 158-9, 168.
769:, p. 143, 146-7.
618:(London, 1972), p. 59
311:at the coronation of
250:
188:
383:Great Malvern Priory
344:Newcastle-under-Lyme
340:Knight of the Garter
336:battle of Blackheath
332:University of Oxford
285:Thomas, Lord Stanley
1178:Knights of the Bath
818:, p. 144, 154.
260:St. John Bedwardine
145:St. John Bedwardine
1105:Political offices
1006:. 15 February 2017
476:St George's Chapel
391:Bishop Oliver King
342:. He was M.P. for
309:Knight of the Bath
256:
194:
29:Reginald More Bray
1136:
1135:
1130:Sir John Mordaunt
1127:Succeeded by
1046:(Subscription or
883:, p. 137-68.
728:(Subscription or
630:, p. 139-40.
403:Westminster Abbey
399:king's new chapel
268:Margaret Beaufort
251:Bray's chapel in
233:Margaret Beaufort
197:Sir Reginald Bray
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40:Sir Reginald Bray
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298:Career 1485-1503
243:Life before 1485
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175:Katherine Hussey
147:, Worcestershire
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129:Personal details
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21:W. Reginald Bray
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1010:10 September
1008:. Retrieved
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994:
984:10 September
982:. Retrieved
977:
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954:10 September
952:. Retrieved
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924:21 September
922:. Retrieved
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539:, pp. 54-56.
528:
513:, p. 7.
495:Reynold Bray
494:
489:
470:celebrating
447:
427:
416:
371:
348:
329:
317:
301:
289:
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273:Edmund Tudor
257:
196:
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114:Succeeded by
81:
33:
1153:1503 deaths
902:Condon 1990
881:Condon 1990
856:Condon 1990
841:Condon 1990
816:Condon 1990
804:Condon 1990
767:Condon 1990
698:Condon 1990
686:Condon 1990
628:Condon 1990
577:Condon 2004
434:Edmund Bray
355: 1499
350:king, from
292:Henry Tudor
277:Henry Tudor
213: 1440
164:Nationality
141: 1440
102:Preceded by
1142:Categories
1124:1486–1503
1066:0862996430
1050:required.)
1022:References
732:required.)
648:0199510121
537:0750913843
464:Royal Mail
444:After-Life
395:Bath Abbey
379:Eaton Bray
223:, briefly
950:(16): 2–3
743:Gunn 2016
616:Henry VII
511:Gunn 2016
325:Treasurer
313:Henry VII
264:Worcester
229:Henry VII
221:Henry VII
95:Henry VII
82:In office
1004:BBC News
980:(16): 3
423:Harting
375:Edgcote
367:new men
167:English
91:Monarch
1063:
1044:
974:(.pdf)
944:(.pdf)
726:
646:
535:
419:Calais
363:Dudley
359:Empson
219:under
172:Spouse
482:Notes
455:rebus
203:
47:
1061:ISBN
1012:2020
986:2020
956:2020
926:2020
644:ISBN
533:ISBN
474:and
361:and
152:Died
134:Born
1036:doi
718:doi
493:or
401:in
323:as
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208:(
31:.
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