680:
5190:
1738:
2432:
5179:
3330:
1724:
1413:), the regional Sardinian variety of Italian embracing the most diverging syntactic and morphological changes is situated at the low end of the diastratic spectrum, and its usage, though relatively common among the less educated, is not positively valued by either bilingual Sardinian speakers, who regard it as neither Sardinian nor Italian and nickname it
612:(defined as the capital's dialect) was a very lively language, spoken by ordinary people in the city's streets. On the other hand, the only Italian city where even the commoners spoke something similar to literary Italian was Florence, so he thought that Italians should choose Florentine as the basis for the national language.
879:. Also in opposition to the south, the north is characterized by the reduction of phonosyntactic doubling at the beginning of the word (after vowels) and the almost total abandonment of the preterite tense in verb forms as it is not present in the majority of Gallo-italic languages (they are replaced by the present perfect).
1152:) belong to the same linguistic system as Italian, with few substantial morphological, syntactic or lexical differences compared to the standard language. As a result, unlike further from Tuscany in Italy, there are no major obstacles to mutual intelligibility of the local Romance languages and Regional Italian.
931:
In some cases, certain unstressed vowels may be pronounced more subtly or reduced in
Northern Italian varieties compared to standard Italian. One example is the pronunciation of the suffix -ano for conjugating a first conjugation verb (-are) to a third plural person (they), which most of the times is
1394:
of its own, as features divergent from
Italian are local in origin, not attributable to more widespread Northern or Southern Italian varieties. While Sardinian phonetics and the introduction of Sardinian words in a full Italian conversation are prevalent, especially if they are Italianised in the
980:("rather than") in the sense of "or" and not "instead", etc. are in use. The last, in particular, is a custom that has begun to spread also in other areas of Italy, stirring up linguistic concern, as it is used with a semantic sense in contrast to that of standard Italian.
687:
Establishing precise boundaries is very difficult in linguistics, and this operation at the limit can be accomplished for individual phenomena (such as the realization of a sound), but not for all of them: it is necessary to proceed in part by abstractions. In general, an
1627:
Some words may even reflect ignorance of the original language on the speaker's part when referring to a singular noun in
Italian with Sardinian plurals, due to a lack of understanding of how singular and plurals nouns are formed in Sardinian: common mistakes are "una
699:
This imaginary line is used here to define not only a boundary between dialect groups, but also between
Northern regional Italian on the one hand and Central and Southern regional Italian on the other. Other well-defined areas are the Tuscan, the
696:(though it is currently moving to the Massa-Senigallia line) is an important isogloss for Southern Europe, which delimits a continuum of languages and dialects characterized by similar phenomena that differ from others for these same phenomena.
670:
would be retained by the population as their normal means of expression until the 1950s, when breakthroughs in literacy and the advent of TV broadcasting made
Italian become more and more widespread, usually in its regional varieties.
1303:, Thus showing an inexplicable coincidence with the phonetic outcomes of Sicily and Calabria, although there is no direct link with them. As already mentioned here, the intervocalic s is always voiceless, and the use of the
635:
and its unification in 1861 played a considerable role in further jeopardizing the linguistic situation. When the unification process took place, the newly founded country used
Italian mainly as a literary language. Many
416:. The same relationship holds throughout the rest of Italy: the local version of standard Italian is usually influenced by the underlying local language, which can be very different from Italian with regard to
1645:
Regarding phonology, the regional
Italian spoken in Sardinia follows the same five-vowel system of the Sardinian language without length differentiation, rather than the standard Italian seven-vowel system.
1270:), while in the other regions the discrepancies with the pronunciation Standards are minor (albeit relevant) and non-homogeneous; on the Adriatic side is more evident, as in certain areas of central-east
1548:
meaning actually "He/It is so beautiful!"). One also needs to take into consideration the presence of a number of other
Sardinian-specific idiomatic phrases being literally translated into Italian (like
1504:
does not, in such regional variety, express the idea of an action ongoing at a certain point, but rather something that will take place in the very near future, almost on the point of happening (e.g.
890:. The lack of the gemination standardly found in combinations of prepositions + articles (e.g. alla, dello, sull' etc.) is very widespread in casual speech, resulting in "sull'albero" sounding like
659:
to communicate with both the locals and other immigrants. After unification, Italian started to be taught at primary schools and its use by ordinary people increased considerably, along with mass
601:(1525), in which he set up Petrarch as the perfect model. Italian, however, was a literary language and so was a written rather than spoken language, except in Tuscany and Corsica.
1282:(Matera) where it is present The so-called "syllabic isocronism": free syllable vowels are all pronounced closed and those in close syllables all open (see the well-known example
583:; on the other hand, it would be introduced to Sardinia by a specific order only in the second half of the 18th century (1760), when the island's ownership passed over to the
2046:
1420:
Sardinianised
Italian is marked by the prevalence, even in common speech, of the verb's inversion, following rules of Sardinian (and Latin) but not Italian, which uses a
1592:
As mentioned earlier, a significant number of
Sardinian and other local loanwords (be they Italianised or not) are also present in regional varieties of Italian (e.g.
4249:
608:, who advocated for a single national language mainly derived from "cultured" Florentine language. Having lived in Paris for many years, Manzoni had noticed that
4281:
4912:
4264:
2475:
2420:
2252:, in Dialetto, memoria & fantasia, Atti del Convegno (Sappada / Plodn, 28 giugno - 2 luglio 2006), a cura di G. Marcato, Padova, Unipress, pp. 393-403.
345:
lects are, to some extent, the closest ones to standard Italian in terms of linguistic features, since the latter is based on a somewhat polished form of
4876:
3806:
274:
861:, The only exceptions being the words that end in -enne and -emme A characteristic of the North in opposition to the South is the almost always voiced (
2155:
5010:
4917:
4482:
575:. Italian, defined as such, began to spread and be used as a literary and prestigious means of expression across the whole peninsula, Sicily and
432:. Anyone who knows Standard Italian well can usually understand Regional Italian quite well, while not managing to grasp the regional languages.
3694:
3137:
1424:
structure. The (often auxiliary) verb usually ends up at the end of the sentence, especially in exclamatory and interrogative sentences (e.g.
1058:"that" for something far from both (third person). A Tuscan stereotype is use of forms resembling the impersonal for the first person plural:
5160:
4323:
4957:
4232:
4040:
4149:
2103:
4286:
1000:
of the occlusive consonants in the post-vocalic position, including at the beginning of the word if the previous word ends up by vowel:
1955:
1086:("What are you doing tonight?"). Also typical of several areas including Tuscany is the use of the article before a female given name (
5005:
4590:
4217:
4050:
3811:
2398:
4237:
4212:
4055:
2317:
1508:
with the meaning of "I'm about to go to school" rather than "Right now as we speak, I'm going to school"). It is also common to use
1256:
In continental Southern Italy there is a different distribution of closed and open vowels (The pronunciation "giòrno" with an open
1264:
for example), while in Calabria, Salento and Sicily closed vowels are completely missing and speakers just pronounce open vowels (
4609:
3890:
3776:
2413:
1999:
127:
4186:
4733:
4645:
4492:
4487:
4318:
2990:
2566:
2176:
1330:
of /tʃ/ between vowels, both word-internally and across word boundaries. In almost all peninsular Italy from Tuscany to Sicily
2200:
1094:); such use passed from Tuscany to other regions when used before the surname of well-known people, particularly of the past (
4681:
4269:
3746:
267:
2024:
1977:
2128:
1868:
1846:
4932:
4763:
4650:
4181:
4176:
663:. The regional varieties of Italian, as a product of standard Italian mixing with the regional languages, were also born.
134:
116:
4328:
3660:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
5214:
4691:
4630:
4615:
4467:
3781:
1417:("piggy Italian", standing for "broken Italian"), or Italian monolinguals from Sardinia and other parts of the country.
2081:
5035:
4753:
4599:
4381:
4291:
4191:
4077:
4045:
3730:
2406:
1383:
449:
5224:
5090:
4718:
4538:
4445:
4418:
4353:
4227:
3761:
3687:
3193:
2782:
5219:
5120:
4886:
4809:
4773:
3791:
3756:
3751:
3006:
2515:
260:
40:
23:
655:, which functioned as magnets for internal migration. Immigrants were only left with the national language as a
5135:
5125:
5105:
5075:
5030:
4728:
4570:
4502:
4472:
4452:
4333:
4009:
3974:
3771:
3272:
3263:
2668:
1006:
701:
692:
is an imaginary line that marks the boundary of a linguistic phenomenon. The line traditionally referred to as
505:
421:
353:
912:
Final N's (even though they're not usually found in words with an Italian origin) are usually pronounced as
5015:
4778:
4635:
4605:
4580:
4497:
4457:
4396:
4295:
4060:
4030:
3432:
3417:
3203:
3111:
2968:
2845:
2648:
1294:
area (northern Abruzzo), and up to Pescara, the vowels are pronounced with a single open sound (for example
4713:
4701:
4477:
4462:
4154:
3796:
3558:
3390:
3198:
2908:
1709:
489:
473:
121:
64:
2974:
5020:
4947:
4927:
4841:
4790:
4548:
4528:
4338:
3932:
3900:
3786:
3766:
3680:
3621:
3470:
2817:
2676:
2624:
2614:
788:, and especially in the capital, there is the opposite phenomenon: there is a tendency to close all the
693:
441:
369:
365:
361:
308:
2940:
647:
Italian as a spoken language was born in two "linguistic labs" consisting of the metropolitan areas in
719:
Based on borders like La Spezia-Rimini, here are the most well-identified groups of regional Italian.
4871:
4686:
4575:
4553:
4207:
4105:
3989:
3857:
3465:
3442:
3367:
3359:
3213:
3073:
3027:
2880:
2768:
2467:
2451:
1689:
632:
509:
333:
that predate the national tongue or any regional variety thereof. Among these languages, the various
243:
5155:
5145:
5100:
4866:
4831:
4826:
4543:
4164:
4100:
4020:
3547:
3412:
3373:
3117:
3094:
2872:
2763:
2596:
2571:
1893:
1421:
1165:
1161:
319:
220:
211:
202:
644:
were spoken throughout the Italian Peninsula and the islands, each with their own local dialects.
5130:
5115:
5095:
4952:
4893:
4846:
4768:
4625:
4595:
4585:
4560:
4533:
4440:
4433:
4369:
4125:
4120:
3837:
3399:
3208:
3158:
2755:
2746:
2732:
2550:
2495:
2446:
2436:
1800:
1756:
1660:
1371:
1097:
781:
667:
605:
552:
381:
346:
330:
169:
159:
144:
50:
2177:"Uso di piuttosto che con valore disgiuntivo - Consulenza Linguistica - Accademia della Crusca"
1010:, even to its total disappearance. Also phonological in nature are forms without the diphthong
5080:
5070:
4942:
4856:
4821:
4748:
4738:
4516:
4386:
4300:
4130:
4110:
4084:
4072:
3867:
3862:
3847:
3842:
3827:
3552:
3542:
3534:
3460:
3350:
3280:
3249:
3236:
3227:
3172:
3166:
3151:
3020:
2997:
2981:
2935:
2917:
2831:
2823:
2799:
2722:
2695:
2681:
2653:
2604:
2581:
2471:
2459:
2455:
2313:
2303:
The Atlas of Languages: The Origin and Development of Languages Throughout the World. Rev. ed.
1761:
1149:
727:
Northern regional Italian is characterized by a different distribution of the open and closed
641:
637:
532:
477:
389:
338:
326:
234:
94:
2891:
5150:
4972:
4922:
4898:
4851:
4758:
4696:
4676:
4664:
4620:
4423:
4403:
4391:
4254:
4222:
4135:
3852:
3715:
3707:
3291:
3145:
3087:
3066:
3050:
3043:
3034:
2960:
2809:
2791:
2701:
2635:
2629:
2619:
2524:
2499:
2487:
2047:"Una di lingua. Un percorso espositivo sulla lingua italiana negli anni dell'unità d'Italia"
1787:
1751:
1743:
1358:
1352:
1342:
1336:
1299:
1266:
1221:
1215:
1206:
1200:
1183:
1177:
924:
918:
898:
892:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
834:
828:
822:
776:
763:
754:
737:
493:
461:
312:
303:
291:
154:
80:
31:
5060:
5050:
5045:
5040:
4937:
4861:
4723:
4242:
4140:
4025:
3925:
3832:
3626:
3607:
3577:
3525:
3506:
3422:
3298:
3124:
3013:
2930:
2925:
2885:
2854:
2491:
2391:
1685:
1525:
1308:
1304:
1169:
842:
628:
616:
609:
544:
528:
342:
225:
193:
104:
99:
89:
1934:"La Sardegna agli Asburgo che la cedono ai Savoia ed inizia la lunga dominazione sabauda"
1054:(lost in other varieties) for something close to the contact person (second person), or
5193:
5140:
5110:
5055:
4962:
4836:
4783:
4743:
4413:
4408:
4259:
4159:
4115:
4067:
3969:
3937:
3895:
3872:
3613:
3489:
3475:
3452:
3437:
3285:
3244:
3080:
2586:
2576:
2542:
2483:
1780:"Regional" in the broad sense of the word; not to be confused with the Italian endonym
1636:
584:
536:
517:
513:
497:
481:
465:
445:
334:
179:
174:
164:
45:
1624:"Mainlander" with reference to the rest of the country and its people as well, etc.).
1326:
Another characteristic of regional Italian varieties in central and southern Italy is
943:) is also noted in almost all the north while the determiner coupled with male names (
679:
5208:
5065:
4706:
4276:
3964:
3942:
3801:
3582:
3511:
3498:
3427:
3305:
2862:
2479:
2463:
1327:
993:
656:
571:
564:
557:
469:
248:
110:
1805:
5183:
4990:
4795:
4565:
4169:
4035:
3984:
3959:
3632:
3407:
3335:
2609:
2225:
Retorica e italiano regionale: il caso dell'antifrasi nell'italiano regionale sardo
1729:
1315:
down to Calabria, possessive pronouns often are placed after the noun: for example
867:) consonant in intervocalic position, whereas in the south it is always voiceless:
588:
521:
1782:
1046:), while in the syntax a tripartite system of demonstrative adjectives is in use:
916:
in northern varieties, so the typical Venetian surname "Martin" is pronounced as
882:
Sometimes, for older speakers, northern varieties lack geminated consonants (see
5085:
5025:
4995:
4348:
3979:
3640:
2503:
1933:
1509:
580:
184:
1737:
4343:
3952:
3325:
2950:
2687:
1803:(with particular reference to the non-recognised ones) are called "dialects" (
1719:
1379:
1279:
972:
959:
936:
906:
883:
429:
2727:
1647:
1391:
1387:
948:
417:
323:
1589:), that would make little sense to an Italian speaker from another region.
1160:
Central and Southern regional Italian is characterized by the usage of the
2327:, Florence: Sansoni Editore, 1971 (3rd edition, Tascabili Bompiani, 2002).
1532:
especially for ironic purposes, in order to convey sardonic remarks (e.g.
516:
substrate. These languages in their respective territories contributed in
5000:
4985:
4980:
4881:
3915:
3910:
3057:
1540:
which roughly stands for "You are so ignorant and full of yourself!", or
1375:
1261:
997:
989:
846:
705:
689:
660:
604:
The popular diffusion of a unified Italian language was the main goal of
548:
540:
501:
71:
4015:
3947:
3587:
3103:
2658:
2643:
1271:
1226:
1225:). A popular trait in the everyday southern speech is the usage of the
797:
785:
709:
576:
457:
453:
385:
758:) or in the word body in closed syllable (i.e. followed by consonant:
4640:
2945:
1956:"'Prose della volgar lingua' di Pietro Bembo: introduzione all'opera"
1460:). It is also common for interrogative sentences to use a pleonastic
1291:
1275:
913:
887:
713:
620:
485:
425:
393:
357:
1664:) have a closed sound whenever they are followed by a closed vowel (
1050:("this") to indicate something close to the speaker (first person),
849:
of the e) so that /ɛ/ becomes /e/. Sempre (always) is pronounced as
816:; moreover, there is no difference in the pronunciation of the word
444:
before the conquest of Italy and the islands by the ancient Romans:
3920:
3703:
2431:
2250:
Tra identità e alterità. "Continente" e "continentale" in Sardegna
1629:
1382:) and Italian, the Sardinian-influenced Italian emerging from the
841:
There is also a strong tendency to pronounce all the e's before a
793:
742:
678:
648:
624:
408:. In the regional Italian of Veneto, the same expression would be
3672:
4428:
3905:
1894:"Evoluzione del latino e nascita delle lingue romanze in Europa"
1312:
652:
619:
of fragmentation and colonization by foreign powers (especially
3676:
2402:
2353:
The Hidden Italy: A Bilingual Edition of Italian Dialect Poetry
1362:
as it is pronounced in northern Italy and in standard Italian.
909:
in standard Italian (), but in northern varieties they're not.
812:
and the name of the city itself are pronounced with the closed
771:
in word body in open syllable (i.e. not followed by consonant:
1672:), and they have it open if they are followed by an open one (
1512:
formulas which are alien to Italian, by means of the particle
2156:"THE LA SPEZIA-RIMINI LINE: WHERE ITALIAN VARIETIES COLLIDE"
1799:
Notwithstanding their linguistic status, most of the actual
741:) compared to the Florentine model, particularly evident in
845:
as closed (usually when the nasal consonant is in the same
1557:
meaning "How do you do?" compared to the standard Italian
1500:): that is because the present continuous built with verb
329:, and are not to be confused with the local non-immigrant
2201:"L'italiano nelle regioni in "L'Italia e le sue Regioni""
1370:
Based on the significant linguistic distance between the
792:
even where the Italian standard does not envisage it. In
352:
The various forms of Regional Italian have phonological,
2301:
Comrie, Bernard, Matthews, Stephen and Polinsky, Maria:
440:
Many contemporary Italian regions already had different
2330:
Grassi, Corrado, Alberto A. Sobrero and Tullio Telmon:
380:
The difference between Regional Italian and the actual
855:
in Northern Italy while the standard pronunciation is
535:, had been prominent earlier, by the 14th century the
1428:, literally "Going out are you?", from the Sardinian
2129:"Tv, dalla lingua educativa alla lingua Educational"
1712:
voicing is the same as in Northern Italy, that is .
402:, which is quite distinct from the Standard Italian
4971:
4808:
4663:
4515:
4368:
4311:
4200:
4187:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
4093:
4002:
3883:
3820:
3739:
3723:
3714:
3600:
3570:
3533:
3524:
3497:
3488:
3451:
3398:
3389:
3358:
3349:
3271:
3262:
3235:
3226:
3184:
3136:
2959:
2916:
2907:
2871:
2853:
2844:
2808:
2790:
2781:
2754:
2745:
2713:
2667:
2595:
2559:
2541:
2523:
2514:
958:(also common in Sardinia and Sicily), which means "
2227:, Cristina Lavinio, in Cortelazzo & Mioni 1990
1565:"She/He's always scolding me!" from the Sardinian
1688:is also common when applying the Italian rule of
2150:
2148:
2146:
598:Prose nelle quali si ragiona della volgar lingua
1480:. The present continuous makes use of the verb
1396:
2355:, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986.
1386:between such languages is to be considered an
1274:(Chieti-Sulmona), largely in central-northern
397:
3688:
2414:
1915:
1492:"Always walking up and down she/he is!" from
596:
562:
403:
396:, "we are arriving" would be translated into
368:features which originate from the underlying
268:
62:
8:
2310:Dizionario etimologico dei dialetti italiani
2294:Cardinaletti, Anna and Nicola Munaro, eds.:
2275:Sociolinguistica dell'italiano contemporaneo
1832:Sociolinguistica dell'italiano contemporaneo
896:in contrast with the standard pronunciation
2019:
2017:
1978:"La lingua dei còrsi: il volto di un'isola"
1307:is also frequent instead of the use of the
1078:as second person singular subject pronoun:
1005:
376:Regional Italian and the languages of Italy
4814:
4669:
4521:
4374:
3720:
3695:
3681:
3673:
3530:
3494:
3395:
3355:
3346:
3268:
3232:
2913:
2850:
2787:
2751:
2520:
2511:
2421:
2407:
2399:
2323:Devoto, Giacomo and Gabriella Giacomelli:
1148:The Tuscan historical dialects (including
275:
261:
18:
16:Regional varieties of the Italian language
2360:Profilo linguistico dei dialetti italiani
2346:External History of the Romance Languages
1300:[ˈdɔːvɛvɔˈlɛːtɛanˈdaːrɛstaˈsɛːra]
1101:). In the vocabulary there is the use of
1156:Central Italy, Southern Italy and Sicily
591:, a Venetian, to identify Florentine as
372:of the original language of the locale.
3653:
2388:Grammatica dei dialetti della Lombardia
2296:Italiano, italiani regionali e dialetti
2289:Italiano standard a pronunce regionali.
2237:Grande dizionario della lingua italiana
1822:
1773:
233:
210:
192:
143:
79:
30:
2365:Maiden, Martin and Parry, Mair, eds.:
2308:Cortelazzo, Manlio and Carla Marcato,
1311:. In continental southern Italy, from
1278:(Foggia-Bari-Taranto), and in eastern
954:In the northern vocabulary words like
749:is pronounced at the end of the word (
388:, is exemplified by the following: in
1659:
1452:"In need of some wood are you?" from
1357:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1298:
1265:
1229:of the final syllable of the words, (
1220:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1182:
1176:
923:
917:
897:
891:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
833:
827:
821:
775:
762:
753:
736:
500:substrate respectively; and finally,
464:substrate in the areas once known as
302:
7:
4233:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
2332:Fondamenti di dialettologia italiana
2069:Storia linguistica dell'Italia unita
1708:are usually elongated. Intervocalic
1494:Semper/Sempri andande e beninde est!
520:Latin, the official language of the
1496:compared with the standard Italian
1476:compared with the standard Italian
716:), and finally the Sardinian ones.
704:(comprising the peninsular part of
675:Characteristics of regional Italian
468:("Gaul on this side of the Alps");
384:, often imprecisely referred to as
322:and standard Italian exist along a
2597:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
2339:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1917:Breve storia della lingua italiana
1834:(in Italian). Carocci. p. 13.
1544:"He/It is not so beautiful!" from
1484:"to be" as in English rather than
595:language for the peninsula in the
14:
2325:I dialetti delle regioni d'Italia
1569:compared to the standard Italian
1458:Avete bisogno di un po' di legna?
1290:"a bit of chicken"); Even in the
996:is very well known. That is, the
820:either to mean "peach" (standard
555:all wrote major works in it: the
5189:
5188:
5177:
3328:
2447:Historical linguistic minorities
2430:
1736:
1722:
1536:"You're so well educated!" from
128:The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis
4918:Orders, decorations, and medals
2374:A Linguistic History of Italian
1553:"What does it look like?" from
1472:"What all have you seen?" from
1109:("extinguishes") or words like
928:in Central and Southern Italy.
905:The consonants /ʃ, tʃ, dʒ/ are
304:[itaˈljaːnoredʒoˈnaːle]
2312:, Turin: UTET libreria, 2005,
1650:has also been observed: tonic
1440:"Been studying have I!", from
1187:), and by the doubling of the
1:
2381:Dialetto, dialetti e italiano
2298:, Milan: Franco Angeli, 2009.
2239:, UTET, Torino, V. III, p.654
1585:compared to standard Italian
1498:Sta sempre andando e venendo!
1066:("we are going"), past tense
988:In Tuscany and especially in
549:Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch)
117:Pontifical Academy of Arcadia
1809:) by the general population.
1788:Italy's administrative units
1538:Jai ses totu istudiatu, tue!
4958:Water supply and sanitation
4382:Italian geographical region
4250:Monarchy and the World Wars
4192:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
4078:War of the Sicilian Vespers
3731:Timeline of Italian history
2383:, Bologna: il Mulino, 2002.
2348:, New York: Elsevier, 1974.
1534:Già sei tutto studiato, tu!
1490:Sempre andando e venendo è!
1296:dove volete andare stasera?
617:Italian Peninsula's history
5241:
4877:Inventions and discoveries
4287:Fall of the Fascist regime
4270:Fourth War of Independence
4228:Expedition of the Thousand
4218:Second War of Independence
3194:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2677:Central-Southern Calabrian
2369:, London: Routledge, 1997.
2337:Grimes, Barbara F. (ed.):
2268:Lingue e dialetti d'Italia
2248:Antonietta Dettori, 2007,
2104:"Le varietà dell'italiano"
1524:) which is similar to the
1464:"all", from the Sardinian
932:phonetically realized as
826:) and "fishing" (standard
780:). Except for the extreme
631:) between the fall of the
5173:
4817:
4672:
4651:Security and intelligence
4524:
4377:
4238:Third War of Independence
4213:First War of Independence
3345:
3323:
3007:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
2510:
2443:
2287:Canepari. Luciano. 1983.
2000:"Ottocento, lingua dell'"
543:had gained prestige once
392:, the language spoken in
63:
41:Italo-Dalmatian languages
4329:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
4324:Institutional referendum
2376:, London: Longman, 1995.
2282:L'italiano nelle regioni
1378:traditionally spoken by
702:Extreme Southern Italian
414:siamo dietro ad arrivare
22:This article is part of
4852:Emigration and diaspora
4061:Guelphs and Ghibellines
4046:the Sardinian Judicates
2567:Central-Northern Latian
2181:accademiadellacrusca.it
939:before feminine names (
398:
4734:Science and technology
4682:Italian regions by GDP
4483:Marine protected areas
4155:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3199:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
2991:Bustocco and Legnanese
2362:, Bari: Laterza, 2009.
2334:, Bari: Laterza, 2012.
2277:, Rome: Carocci, 2012.
2270:, Rome: Carocci, 2009.
2071:, Bari, Laterza, 1963.
1916:
1869:"L'italiano regionale"
1804:
1781:
1397:
1260:is very widespread in
1253:"buddy, homie" etc.).
976:(but not everywhere),
922:in Northern Italy but
800:for example the names
684:
597:
563:
404:
295:
65:Accademia della Crusca
4933:Public administration
4041:the Holy Roman Empire
3622:Italian Sign Language
3571:Other German dialects
2714:Other Italo-Dalmatian
2367:The Dialects of Italy
2344:Hall, Robert A. Jr.:
2025:"Manzoni, Alessandro"
1920:, 2004, cit., p. 54.
1571:Mi rimprovera sempre!
1567:Semper cosa mi narat!
1470:Cosa tutto hai visto?
1178:[inˈtsɔːlito]
1014:of Standard Italian (
899:[sulˈlalbero]
683:Rimini-La Spezia line
682:
72:Enciclopedia Treccani
5161:World Heritage Sites
4616:Council of Ministers
4354:Coronavirus pandemic
3752:Currency and coinage
3074:Southwestern Lombard
2358:Loporcaro, Michele:
2351:Haller, Hermann W.:
2284:, Turin: UTET, 1992.
1847:"Italiano regionale"
1690:syntactic gemination
1563:Mi dice sempre cosa!
1506:Sto andando a scuola
1415:italianu porcheddìnu
1216:[redˈdʒiːna]
1184:[inˈsɔːlito]
1162:affricate consonants
947:) is typical of the
893:[suˈlalbero]
633:Western Roman Empire
320:vernacular varieties
244:Syntactic gemination
5215:Dialects of Italian
4692:Automotive industry
4631:Metropolitan cities
4177:Early Modern period
4150:Kingdom of Sardinia
4101:Italian city-states
3374:Vaccarizzo Albanian
2266:Avolio, Francesco:
1830:G. Berruto (2012).
1608:from the Sardinian
1596:from the Sardinian
1546:Jai est pacu bellu!
1422:subject-verb-object
1359:[laˈtʃeːna]
1222:[reˈdʒiːna]
1084:Tu che fai stasera?
1080:Te che fai stasera?
832:), both pronounced
4754:Telecommunications
4121:Maritime republics
3209:Judaeo-Piedmontese
3185:Other Gallo-Italic
2437:Languages of Italy
2280:Bruni, Francesco:
2273:Berruto, Gaetano:
1801:languages of Italy
1757:Languages of Italy
1577:"No chance!" from
1372:Sardinian language
1353:[laˈʃeːna]
1007:[laˈhaːsa]
935:Widespread use of
685:
668:regional languages
642:regional languages
606:Alessandro Manzoni
553:Giovanni Boccaccio
382:languages of Italy
331:languages of Italy
307:) is any regional
296:italiano regionale
5225:Dialect levelling
5202:
5201:
5169:
5168:
4804:
4803:
4739:Southern question
4659:
4658:
4591:Political parties
4539:Foreign relations
4511:
4510:
4364:
4363:
4085:Kingdom of Naples
4073:Kingdom of Sicily
3670:
3669:
3649:
3648:
3596:
3595:
3553:Southern Bavarian
3520:
3519:
3484:
3483:
3476:Triestine Serbian
3385:
3384:
3360:Arbëresh language
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3258:
3257:
3222:
3221:
2975:Brianzöö dialects
2903:
2902:
2840:
2839:
2777:
2776:
2741:
2740:
2386:Rognoni, Andrea:
2082:"Scolarizzazione"
2067:Tullio De Mauro,
1762:Standard language
1542:Già è poco bello!
1474:Ite totu as bidu?
1454:Linna bos serbit?
1343:[ˈluːtʃe]
1207:[ˈaːbile]
1201:[ˈabbile]
1068:(noi) si è andati
925:[marˈtin]
919:[marˈtiŋ]
886:), especially in
858:[ˈsɛmpre]
852:[ˈsempre]
767:) and the closed
764:[ˈstɛsso]
745:, where the open
738:[e,ɛ,o,ɔ]
533:Sicilian language
285:
284:
111:The Divine Comedy
95:Placiti Cassinesi
54:
5232:
5220:Italian language
5192:
5191:
5184:Italy portal
5181:
5180:
5121:National symbols
4815:
4670:
4522:
4375:
4255:Kingdom of Italy
4182:Napoleonic Italy
3721:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3674:
3661:
3658:
3635:
3616:
3561:
3531:
3495:
3396:
3376:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3269:
3233:
3175:
3161:
3154:
3138:Emilian–Romagnol
3127:
3120:
3106:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2977:
2914:
2894:
2873:Franco-Provençal
2851:
2826:
2788:
2783:Occitano-Romance
2752:
2704:
2690:
2669:Extreme Southern
2638:
2533:Regional Italian
2521:
2512:
2468:Franco-Provençal
2435:
2434:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2400:
2379:Marcato, Carla:
2372:Maiden, Martin:
2305:, New York 2003.
2253:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2152:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1810:
1797:
1791:
1778:
1752:Italian language
1746:
1744:Languages portal
1741:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1711:
1663:
1446:Stavo studiando!
1438:Studiando stavo!
1405:"dumb" becoming
1400:
1361:
1355:
1345:
1339:
1337:[ˈluːʃe]
1302:
1288:un pòco di póllo
1284:un póco di pòllo
1269:
1224:
1218:
1209:
1203:
1186:
1180:
1170:nasal consonants
1009:
927:
921:
901:
895:
878:
876:[ˈkɔːsa]
872:
870:[ˈkɔːza]
866:
860:
854:
837:
835:[ˈpeska]
831:
829:[ˈpeska]
825:
823:[ˈpɛska]
782:Ligurian Levante
779:
777:[ˈbeːne]
766:
757:
755:[perˈkɛ]
740:
694:La Spezia-Rimini
640:and non-Romance
600:
568:
527:Even though the
407:
405:stiamo arrivando
401:
313:Italian language
306:
301:
288:Regional Italian
277:
270:
263:
203:Verb conjugation
68:
67:
58:Regional Italian
48:
32:Italian language
19:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5178:
5165:
5136:Public holidays
4967:
4913:Life expectancy
4800:
4655:
4571:Law enforcement
4507:
4360:
4307:
4296:Social Republic
4260:Colonial Empire
4243:Capture of Rome
4196:
4089:
3998:
3891:Ancient peoples
3879:
3816:
3777:Historic states
3735:
3710:
3701:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3631:
3612:
3592:
3578:Austrian German
3566:
3557:
3516:
3507:Calabrian Greek
3480:
3447:
3433:Natisone Valley
3418:Inner Carniolan
3381:
3372:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3313:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3254:
3218:
3186:
3180:
3171:
3157:
3150:
3132:
3123:
3116:
3112:Eastern Lombard
3102:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2973:
2969:Western Lombard
2955:
2899:
2890:
2867:
2836:
2822:
2804:
2773:
2737:
2715:
2709:
2700:
2686:
2663:
2649:Southern Latian
2634:
2615:Castelmezzanese
2591:
2555:
2537:
2506:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2397:
2392:Oscar Mondadori
2341:. Vol. 1, 2000.
2262:
2257:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2208:
2205:www.treccani.it
2199:
2198:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1798:
1794:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1692:; intervocalic
1686:Hypercorrection
1620:"Mainland" and
1478:Cosa hai visto?
1450:Legna vi serve?
1442:Istudiende fia!
1368:
1309:present perfect
1158:
986:
843:nasal consonant
725:
677:
629:Austrian Empire
587:. It was up to
545:Dante Alighieri
529:Sicilian School
438:
399:sémo drio rivàr
378:
343:Central Italian
299:
281:
105:Dolce Stil Novo
100:Sicilian School
90:Veronese Riddle
17:
12:
11:
5:
5238:
5236:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5207:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5186:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4744:Stock exchange
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4646:Municipalities
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4606:Prime Minister
4603:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4493:Regional parks
4490:
4488:National parks
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4397:Climate change
4389:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4257:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4160:Duchy of Savoy
4157:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4070:
4068:Lombard League
4065:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3990:Western Empire
3982:
3977:
3975:Roman conquest
3972:
3967:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3896:Italic peoples
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:Italian Hebrew
3604:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:South Tyrolean
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3453:Serbo-Croatian
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3273:Rhaeto-Romance
3266:
3264:Rhaeto-Romance
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3070:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3047:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2508:
2507:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2395:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2291:Padova: CLEUP.
2285:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2192:
2168:
2142:
2120:
2095:
2073:
2060:
2038:
2013:
1991:
1969:
1947:
1925:
1907:
1885:
1860:
1838:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1792:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1733:
1717:
1714:
1395:process (e.g.
1367:
1364:
1350:is pronounced
1334:is pronounced
1157:
1154:
1129:("beatings"),
985:
982:
962:", instead of
724:
723:Northern Italy
721:
676:
673:
585:House of Savoy
537:Tuscan dialect
482:Southern Italy
466:Cisalpine Gaul
446:Northern Italy
437:
434:
377:
374:
283:
282:
280:
279:
272:
265:
257:
254:
253:
252:
251:
246:
238:
237:
231:
230:
229:
228:
223:
215:
214:
208:
207:
206:
205:
197:
196:
190:
189:
188:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
149:
148:
141:
140:
139:
138:
131:
124:
122:Italian Purism
119:
114:
107:
102:
97:
92:
84:
83:
77:
76:
75:
74:
69:
60:
55:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5237:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5195:
5187:
5185:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:Years of Lead
4337:
4335:
4334:Economic Boom
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Fascist Italy
4275:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4223:Niçard exodus
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:Magna Graecia
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3657:
3654:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3499:Italiot Greek
3496:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Slavomolisano
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3326:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Judeo-Italian
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Gallo-Romance
2843:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:Vivaro-Alpine
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Italo-Romance
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:88-7750-039-5
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1661:[e,o]
1657:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:, instead of
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:, instead of
1443:
1439:
1435:
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1323:("my book").
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5021:Architecture
4991:Quattrocento
4948:Social class
4928:Prostitution
4903:
4842:Demographics
4764:Trade unions
4707:Central Bank
4549:Human rights
4529:Constitution
4312:Contemporary
4282:World War II
4170:Italian Wars
4094:Early modern
4036:Papal States
4014:Italy under
3960:Ancient Rome
3656:
3633:Sinte Romani
3443:Torre Valley
3391:South Slavic
3336:Italy portal
3028:Vallassinese
2909:Gallo-Italic
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2260:Bibliography
2249:
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2209:. Retrieved
2207:(in Italian)
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2184:. Retrieved
2180:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2133:. Retrieved
2131:(in Italian)
2123:
2111:. Retrieved
2109:(in Italian)
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2084:(in Italian)
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2068:
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2049:(in Italian)
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2027:(in Italian)
2004:. Retrieved
2002:(in Italian)
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1980:(in Italian)
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1958:(in Italian)
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1936:(in Italian)
1928:
1922:(in Italian)
1910:
1898:. Retrieved
1896:(in Italian)
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1874:(in Italian)
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1849:(in Italian)
1841:
1831:
1825:
1795:
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1730:Italy portal
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1617:
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1429:
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1369:
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1331:
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1321:il mio libro
1320:
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1159:
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1011:
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1001:
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934:
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732:
728:
726:
718:
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686:
666:The various
665:
646:
614:
603:
592:
589:Pietro Bembo
579:in the late
570:
556:
531:, using the
526:
522:Roman Empire
439:
413:
409:
379:
351:
317:
287:
286:
133:
126:
109:
57:
5086:Italophilia
5046:Coat of arm
4996:Cinquecento
4872:Immigration
4822:Aristocracy
4687:Agriculture
4581:Nationality
4554:LGBT rights
4468:Earthquakes
4349:Mani pulite
4265:World War I
4208:Unification
4201:Late modern
4165:Renaissance
4010:Middle Ages
4003:Middle Ages
3980:Roman Italy
3747:Citizenship
3641:Wenzhounese
3466:Montenegrin
3413:Gail Valley
3214:Piedmontese
3118:Bergamasque
2764:Campidanese
2605:Beneventano
2572:Marchigiano
2504:Wenzhounese
1914:Marazzini,
1606:scacciacqua
1587:Non si può!
1579:Non fachet!
1573:, or again
1530:ja... schon
1356:instead of
1319:instead of
1286:instead of
1219:instead of
1204:instead of
1181:instead of
1145:("cloth").
1141:instead of
1133:instead of
1121:instead of
1113:instead of
1105:instead of
1064:noi andiamo
1062:instead of
1060:(noi) si va
1030:instead of
937:determiners
864:[z]
581:Middle Ages
480:substrate;
221:Orthography
185:Italophilia
5209:Categories
5156:Traditions
5146:Television
5131:Philosophy
5096:Literature
5036:Cathedrals
5006:Settecento
4867:Healthcare
4832:Corruption
4827:Censorship
4586:Parliament
4544:Government
4344:Maxi Trial
4292:Resistance
4021:Ostrogoths
3953:Messapians
3838:Villanovan
3828:Prehistory
3821:Prehistory
3159:Parmigiano
2951:Tabarchino
2941:Monégasque
2769:Logudorese
2688:Manduriano
2551:Florentine
2211:2022-02-13
2186:2022-02-13
1817:References
1618:continente
1559:Come stai?
1555:Ite paret?
1280:Basilicata
1243:professore
1166:fricatives
1137:("sand"),
1115:giocattolo
973:mortadella
960:watermelon
907:labialized
884:gemination
565:Canzoniere
518:creolising
506:indigenous
442:substrates
430:vocabulary
422:morphology
347:Florentine
300:pronounced
170:Philosophy
160:Literature
145:Literature
51:Florentine
24:the series
5116:Mythology
5091:Libraries
5011:Ottocento
4953:Terrorism
4894:Languages
4847:Education
4769:Transport
4719:Companies
4626:Provinces
4596:President
4561:Judiciary
4534:Elections
4446:Volcanoes
4441:Volcanism
4434:Apennines
4419:Mountains
4387:Peninsula
4370:Geography
4301:Civil War
4026:Byzantium
3933:Etruscans
3868:Canegrate
3863:Golasecca
3848:Rinaldone
3843:Terramare
3833:Neolithic
3400:Slovenian
3250:Triestine
3187:languages
3173:Forlivese
3152:Bolognese
2998:Legnanese
2936:Intemelio
2881:Valdôtain
2824:Mentonasc
2800:Algherese
2756:Sardinian
2747:Sardinian
2733:Sassarese
2728:Gallurese
2716:languages
2682:Salentino
2654:Tarantino
2625:Cosentino
2582:Romanesco
2496:Sardinian
1648:Metaphony
1598:porcheddu
1583:Non fait!
1392:sociolect
1388:ethnolect
1376:any other
1305:preterite
1239:professo'
1117:("toy"),
1092:la Giulia
949:Po Valley
941:la Giulia
572:Decameron
418:phonology
370:substrate
358:syntactic
341:and some
327:continuum
324:sociolect
235:Phonology
147:and other
5194:Category
5081:Internet
5071:Folklore
5001:Seicento
4986:Trecento
4981:Duecento
4943:Religion
4904:Regional
4882:Italians
4857:Gambling
4749:Taxation
4576:Military
4517:Politics
4319:Republic
4106:Florence
4031:Lombards
3970:Republic
3916:Samnites
3911:Picentes
3853:Apennine
3812:Railways
3792:Military
3740:By topic
3724:Overview
3708:articles
3543:Cimbrian
3535:Bavarian
3461:Croatian
3368:Arbëresh
3351:Albanian
3292:Cadorino
3281:Friulian
3237:Venetian
3228:Venetian
3167:Romagnol
3095:Cremunés
3088:Novarese
3067:Varesino
3058:Ossolano
3051:Ticinese
3044:Milanese
3035:Lecchese
2918:Ligurian
2723:Corsican
2702:Pantesco
2696:Sicilian
2636:Arianese
2630:Irpinian
2620:Cilentan
2577:Marinese
2476:Germanic
2472:Friulian
2460:Croatian
2452:Albanian
1806:dialetti
1716:See also
1642:", etc.
1602:porceddu
1594:porcetto
1468:, as in
1366:Sardinia
1262:Campania
1174:insolito
1150:Corsican
1123:percosse
1088:la Elena
998:lenition
990:Florence
964:cocomero
945:il Carlo
847:syllable
810:Emanuèle
706:Calabria
690:isogloss
661:literacy
627:and the
569:and the
541:Florence
502:Sardinia
478:Etruscan
450:Ligurian
390:Venetian
386:dialects
362:prosodic
339:Corsican
212:Alphabet
5151:Theatre
5126:Palaces
5106:Museums
5076:Gardens
5061:Fashion
5051:Cuisine
5031:Castles
4973:Culture
4923:Poverty
4899:Italian
4810:Society
4791:Welfare
4759:Tourism
4729:Exports
4697:Banking
4677:Economy
4665:Economy
4621:Regions
4503:Valleys
4473:Islands
4453:Beaches
4424:Prealps
4404:Geology
4392:Climate
4056:Normans
4016:Odoacer
3965:Kingdom
3948:Ligures
3884:Ancient
3858:Nuragic
3807:Postage
3782:Judaism
3772:Genetic
3762:Fashion
3757:Economy
3716:History
3588:Yiddish
3548:Mòcheno
3423:Istrian
3146:Emilian
3125:Cremish
3104:Spasell
3014:Comasco
2961:Lombard
2931:Genoese
2926:Brigasc
2892:Cellese
2810:Occitan
2792:Catalan
2659:Vastese
2644:Molisan
2560:Central
2525:Italian
2500:Slovene
2488:Occitan
2456:Catalan
2394:, 2005.
2161:10 June
1783:regione
1635:", "un
1614:paracua
1610:parabba
1575:Non fa!
1528:use of
1516:(Sard.
1411:scimpro
1403:scimpru
1384:contact
1348:la cena
1272:Abruzzo
1251:compare
1237:"mom",
1227:apocope
1191:'s and
1111:balocco
1098:Manzoni
1052:codesto
1002:la casa
984:Tuscany
968:bologna
956:anguria
798:Bologna
786:Liguria
710:Salento
638:Romance
577:Corsica
510:Nuragic
504:had an
488:had an
474:Umbrian
472:had an
458:Rhaetic
454:Venetic
366:lexical
311:of the
309:variety
292:Italian
226:Braille
194:Grammar
155:Culture
81:History
5182:
5056:Design
5041:Cinema
5016:Anthem
4938:Racism
4887:People
4862:Health
4724:Energy
4714:Brands
4641:Comune
4636:Cities
4498:Rivers
4458:Canals
4141:Amalfi
4126:Venice
3985:Empire
3926:Veneti
3901:Latins
3873:Latial
3706:
3627:Romani
3608:Hebrew
3601:Others
3583:Walser
3526:German
3438:Resian
3299:Fornes
3245:Fiuman
3081:Pavese
3021:Laghée
2982:Canzés
2946:Royasc
2886:Faetar
2863:Aostan
2855:French
2832:Niçard
2610:Barese
2587:Sabino
2543:Tuscan
2492:Romani
2464:French
2316:
2135:8 June
2113:8 June
2088:8 June
2053:8 June
2031:8 June
2006:8 June
1984:7 June
1962:7 June
1940:7 June
1900:7 June
1878:7 June
1853:7 June
1786:, for
1637:tenore
1526:German
1488:(e.g.
1482:essere
1407:ciurpo
1398:tzurpu
1292:Teramo
1276:Apulia
1247:compa'
1212:regina
1168:after
1139:cencio
1135:sabbia
1107:spegne
1103:spenge
1056:quello
1048:questo
1036:scuola
992:, the
914:velars
888:Veneto
802:Mattèo
760:stesso
751:perché
714:Sicily
621:France
610:French
561:, the
512:) and
494:Italic
486:Sicily
462:Celtic
460:and a
448:had a
436:Origin
428:, and
426:syntax
394:Veneto
335:Tuscan
180:Comics
175:Poetry
46:Tuscan
26:on the
5141:Sport
5111:Music
5101:Media
4963:Women
4837:Crime
4702:Banks
4478:Lakes
4463:Caves
4414:Flora
4409:Fauna
4131:Genoa
4116:Milan
4111:Siena
4051:Arabs
3938:Celts
3921:Umbri
3797:Music
3767:Flags
3704:Italy
3512:Griko
3490:Greek
3428:Karst
3306:Nones
3286:Ladin
2484:Ladin
2480:Greek
2107:(PDF)
1872:(PDF)
1768:Notes
1630:seada
1502:stare
1486:stare
1462:tutto
1374:(and
1235:mamma
1197:abile
1143:panno
1127:botte
1119:busse
1044:fuoco
1040:buona
1020:scola
818:pesca
806:Irène
794:Genoa
784:, in
743:Milan
649:Milan
625:Spain
514:Punic
498:Greek
490:Oscan
318:Such
165:Music
5066:Flag
4796:Wine
4784:road
4779:rail
4610:List
4600:List
4429:Alps
4294:and
4136:Pisa
3906:Osci
3802:Name
3787:LGBT
3408:Brda
2314:ISBN
2163:2022
2137:2022
2115:2022
2090:2022
2055:2022
2033:2022
2008:2022
1986:2022
1964:2022
1942:2022
1902:2022
1880:2022
1855:2022
1654:and
1522:giai
1466:totu
1409:and
1390:and
1332:luce
1313:Rome
1249:for
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1195:'s (
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452:, a
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1258:o
1193:b
1189:g
1172:(
814:e
790:e
769:e
747:e
735:(
733:o
729:e
508:(
496:-
290:(
276:e
269:t
262:v
53:)
49:(
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