1223:(or male reproductive organs) are inserted. Copulation can last from a few minutes to several hours and may occur several times over a period of a few weeks. After this period, ovulation may not occur immediately, but the female can hold the sperm inside her for up to one year. When the female ovulates, a midbody swell can be noticed that appears similar to the snake having eaten a large meal. The female then sheds two to three weeks after ovulation, in what is known as a post-ovulation shed which lasts another 2–3 weeks, which is longer than a normal shed. The gestation period, which is counted from the postovulation shed, is around 100–120 days. The female then gives birth to young that average 15–20 in (38–51 cm) in length. The
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1162:; thus, males may mate with multiple females. Half of all females breed in a given year, and a larger percentage of males actively attempt to locate a mate. Due to their polygynous nature, many of these males will be unsuccessful. As such, female boas in inadequate physical condition are unlikely to attempt to mate, or to produce viable young if they do mate. Reproduction in boas is almost exclusively sexual. In 2010, a boa constrictor was shown to have reproduced asexually via
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818:. Although these individuals are rare in the wild, they are common in captivity, where they are often selectively bred to make a variety of different color "morphs". Boa constrictors have an arrow-shaped head with very distinctive stripes on it: One runs dorsally from the snout to the back of the head; the others run from the snout to the eyes and then from the eyes to the jaw.
822:
1134:. This would lead to unconsciousness and death very quickly. Their teeth also help force the animal down the throat while muscles then move it toward the stomach. It takes the snake about 4–6 days to fully digest the food, depending on the size of the prey and the local temperature. After this, the snake may not eat for a week to several months, due to its slow
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is 20 to 30 years, with rare accounts of over 40 years, making them a long-term commitment as a pet. The greatest reliable age recorded for a boa constrictor in captivity is 40 years, 3 months, and 14 days. This boa constrictor was named Popeye and died in the
Philadelphia Zoo, Pennsylvania, on April
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as they become older and heavier. Boa constrictors strike when they perceive a threat. Their bite can be painful, especially from large snakes, but is rarely dangerous to humans. Specimens from
Central America are more irascible, hissing loudly and striking repeatedly when disturbed, while those from
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The boa constrictor is a heavy-bodied snake, and large specimens can weigh up to 27 kg (60 lb). Females, the larger sex, more commonly weigh 10 to 15 kg (22 to 33 lb). Some specimens of this species can reach or possibly exceed 45 kg (100 lb), although this is not usual.
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size varies between females but can be between 10 and 65 young, with an average of 25, although some of the young may be stillborn or unfertilized eggs known as "slugs". The young are independent at birth and grow rapidly for the first few years, shedding regularly (once every one to two months). At
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In some regions, boa constrictor numbers have been severely hit by predation from humans and other animals and over-collection for the exotic pet and snakeskin trades. Most populations, though, are not under threat of immediate extinction; thus, they are within
Appendix II rather than Appendix I.
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Boa constrictors are very popular within the exotic pet trade and have been both captured in the wild and bred in captivity. Today, most captive boa constrictors are captive-bred, but between 1977 and 1983, 113,000 live boa constrictors were imported into the United States. These huge numbers of
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Boa constrictors are ambush predators, so they often lie in wait for an appropriate prey to come along, then they attack a moment before the prey can escape. However, they have also been known to actively hunt, particularly in regions with a low concentration of suitable prey, and this behavior
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is seen in the species, with females generally being larger in both length and girth than males. The usual size of mature female boas is between 7 and 10 ft (2.1 and 3.0 m) whereas males are between 6 and 8 ft (1.8 and 2.4 m). Females commonly exceed 10 ft (3.0 m),
1244:, usually becoming quite tame. It is a common sight in both zoos and private reptile collections. Though still exported from their native South America in significant numbers, they are widely bred in captivity. When kept in captivity, they are fed mice, rats,
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The coloring of boa constrictors can vary greatly depending on the locality. However, they are generally a brown, gray, or cream base color, patterned with brown or reddish-brown "saddles" that become more pronounced towards the tail. This coloring gives
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are more unpredictable, because the substance that lubricates between the old skin and the new makes their eyes appear milky, blue, or opaque so that the snake cannot see very well, causing it to be more defensive than it might otherwise be.
1200:, were found to contain a new set of sex determining chromosomes. Males were discovered to contain a pair of XY sex determining chromosomes, while females have a XX pair. This is the first time snakes were thought to contain male
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wild-caught snakes have put considerable pressure on some wild populations. Boa constrictors have also been hunted for their meat and skins, and are a common sight at markets within their geographic range. After the
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have been described in the past, but many of these are poorly differentiated, and further research may redefine many of them. Some appear to be based more on location rather than on biological differences.
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Chang, L; Fu, D; Stenglein, M.D; Hernandez, J.A; Derisi, J.L; Jacobson, E.R (2016). "Detection and prevalence of boid inclusion body disease in collections of boas and pythons using immunological assays".
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and reach the adult size of 6–10 feet (1.8–3.0 m), although they continue to grow at a slow rate for the rest of their lives. At this point, they shed less frequently, about every 2–4 months.
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
1281:, boa constrictors are the snake most commonly killed for snakeskin products, such as shoes, bags, and other items of clothing. In some areas, they have an important role in regulating the
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798:, which are used to grip and stimulate the female during copulation. Pelvic spurs are the only external sign of the rudimentary hind legs and pelvis and are seen in all boas and pythons.
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1186:, which then develops into a daughter progeny. This is only the third genetically confirmed case of consecutive virgin births of viable offspring from a single female within any
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particularly in captivity, where lengths up to 12 ft (3.7 m) or even 14 ft (4.3 m) can be seen. The largest documented non-stretched dry skin is deposited at
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768:(ZSM 4961/2012) and measures 14.6 ft (4.45 m) without head. A report of a boa constrictor growing up to 18.5 ft (5.6 m) was later found to be a misidentified
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generally occurs at night. The boa first strikes at the prey, grabbing it with its teeth; it then proceeds to constrict the prey until death before consuming it whole.
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Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata
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via cells in their lips, though they lack the labial pits surrounding these receptors seen in many members of the family Boidae. Boa constrictors also have two
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is the most significant factor in captive lifespan; this includes providing adequate space, correct temperatures and humidity, and suitable food items.
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subspecies the common name of "red-tailed boas." The coloring works as a very effective camouflage in the jungles and forests of its natural range.
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1090:. The size of the prey item increases as they get older and larger. Once a boa constrictor has caught its prey, it will wrap its coils around the
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to attract males, which may then wrestle to select one to breed with her. During breeding, the male curls his tail around the female's and the
503:. Within the exotic pet trade, it is known as a "BCC"—an abbreviation of its scientific name—to distinguish it from other boa species, such as
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Several other subspecies have been described at different times, but currently, these are no longer considered to be valid subspecies by many
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1951:
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Card, Daren C.; Schield, Drew R.; Adams, Richard H.; Corbin, Andrew B.; Perry, Blair W.; Andrew, Audra L.; Pasquesi, Giulia I.M.;
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1098:. The boa's powerful muscles allow it to exert a great deal of pressure, and the prey is typically killed within a few minutes.
234:
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London: Trustees of the
British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I–XXVIII. (
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Boa constrictors generally live on their own and do not interact with any other snakes unless they want to mate. They are
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The boa constrictor is a large snake, although it is only modestly sized in comparison to other large snakes, such as the
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938:. It is commonly found in or along rivers and streams, as it is a very capable swimmer. Boa constrictors also occupy the
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Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Boidæ ....
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442:. A staple of private collections and public displays, its color pattern is highly variable yet distinctive. Four
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The size and weight of a boa constrictor depends on subspecies, locale, and the availability of suitable prey.
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to humans. In other areas, they are often let loose within the communities to control the rodent populations.
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Other examples of sexual dimorphism in the species include males generally having longer tails to contain the
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reaches, and occasionally tops, the averages given above, as it is one of the relatively large subspecies of
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country. However, it prefers to live in rainforest due to the humidity and temperature, natural cover from
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3095:
2545:"Stable isotope tracer reveals that viviparous snakes transport amino acids to offspring during gestation"
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1182:(see Figure), a type of parthenogenesis in which two terminal haploid products of meiosis fuse to form a
720:
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475:
214:
1447:
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2706:; Banks, Jaison L.; Card, Daren C.; Schield, Drew R.; Schuett, Gordon W.; Booth, Warren (2017-07-24).
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1158:, giving birth to live young. They generally breed in the dry season—between April and August—and are
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as was previously believed; constriction can interfere with blood flow and overwhelm the prey's usual
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snakes, young boa constrictors may climb into trees and shrubs to forage; however, they become mostly
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2241:"Boa constrictor, an introduced predator threatening the endemic fauna on Cozumel Island, Mexico"
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2786:(2018-07-04). "ZW, XY, and yet ZW: Sex chromosome evolution in snakes even more complicated".
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resulting in production of WW female progeny. The WW females were likely produced by terminal
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901:), and many other islands along the coasts of South America. Introduced populations exist in
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that is frequently kept and bred in captivity. The boa constrictor is a member of the
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A juvenile female boa constrictor in a shed cycle, indicated by the blue opaque eyes
2653:"Consecutive virgin births in the new world boid snake, the Colombian rainbow Boa,
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989:
725:
563:
557:
459:
3160:
1665:
1541:
2506:(1978). "Movements, Body Temperature and Hunting Strategy of a Boa constrictor".
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During the breeding season, the female boa constrictor emits pheromones from her
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South
America tame down more readily. Like all snakes, boa constrictors in a
474:—an example of a species being referred to colloquially using its scientific
3181:
3029:
2673:
2123:
Tales of Giant Snakes: A Historical
Natural History of Anacondas and Pythons
1542:"Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses reveal multiple species of
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1087:
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963:
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given is "Indiis"—a mistake, according to Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970).
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Snake
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference Volume 1
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Their prey includes a wide variety of small to medium-sized mammals and
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A captive boa constrictor strike-feeding on a large (already dead) rat
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181:
131:
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3030:"Giant Constrictor Snakes in Florida: A Sizeable Research Challenge"
2521:
3186:
2281:. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Archived from
1150:
The effects of central fusion and terminal fusion on heterozygosity
3350:
1758:"Mesoamerican Lexical Calques in Ancient Maya Writing and Imagery"
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are also reported to have been consumed. Domestic animals such as
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South
America except for the ranges of the other three subspecies
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171:
94:
88:
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Augstenová, Barbora; Johnson Pokorná, Martina; Altmanová, Marie;
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1019:
935:
862:
30:
This article is about the species of snake. For other uses, see
3173:
3093:
2239:
Martinez
Morales, Miguel Angel; CuarĂłn, Alreado D (July 1999).
919:
flourishes in a wide variety of environmental conditions, from
489:
boids referred to as "red-tailed" boas, comprising the species
1079:
1067:
1063:
1023:
2305:"Exotic snakes are not native, but they are now on St. Croix"
1946:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
1635:. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League.
1722:
Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Aguilar, R.; Hošek, J., eds. (2022).
1074:
are frequently consumed. Young boa constrictors eat small
2708:"The Discovery of XY Sex Chromosomes in a Boa and Python"
2168:
Boa Constrictor Fact Sheet – Woodland Park Zoo Seattle WA
814:
Some individuals exhibit pigmentary disorders, such as
2395:
The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago
1285:
populations, preventing the potential transmission of
1014:. The bulk of their diet consists of rodents (such as
2788:
Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
2193:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
2615:"Who's Your Daddy? Boa Constrictor Has Virgin Birth"
1973:"The Boa Constrictor Subspecies – Melanogaster"
1536:; Jezkova, Tereza; Boback, Scott M.; Booth, Warren;
3102:
2381:Ramnarine, Samanta Stephanie (2011). "Behaviour".
853:can be found through South America north of 35°S (
841:snakes, which have completely lost the left lung.
509:(known as "BCI" or "boa constrictor imperator").
466:(and its subspecies) is commonly referred to, in
2900:such as an individual living to 40 years in the
946:, where they can hide from potential predators.
909:, and St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The
1190:lineage. In 2017, boa constrictors, along with
632:long-tailed boa constrictor or long-tailed boa
573:have all been elevated to full species status.
1479:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T197462A2486405.en
1264:Up to 41.5% of captive boas test positive for
607:red-tailed boa constrictor or red-tailed boa
8:
2880:. Neptune, New Jersey: T.F.H. Publications.
2584:
2582:
2580:
1546:and independent origins of insular dwarfism"
2466:
2464:
2125:. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Co.
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
655:Argentine boa constrictor or Argentine boa
3090:
2869:
2867:
2473:"Boa constrictors' lethal secret revealed"
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1527:
1525:
242:
66:
47:
38:
2731:
2672:
2560:
2209:
2207:
1580:
1477:
825:A juvenile South American boa constrictor
485:are part of a variable, diverse group of
3086:, new species, p. 215). (in Latin).
2999:
2997:
2919:. Guinness World Records. 2010. p.
2427:"The Herpetology of Trinidad and Tobago"
2352:
2350:
2348:
2326:
2324:
2322:
1174:) was found to reproduce by facultative
575:
1616:
1614:
1379:
1355:
676:Orton's boa constrictor or Orton's boa
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2543:Van Dyke, J.U.; Beaupre, S.J. (2012).
2334:. New York: Grosset & Dunlap Inc.
1931:
1929:
1110:likely result from shutting off vital
2694:
2692:
2144:"ANIMAL BYTES – Boa Constrictor"
1666:"Snake Species Commonly Kept as Pets"
1553:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
427:of large, non-venomous, heavy-bodied
7:
2483:from the original on August 22, 2018
2361:Living Snakes of the World in Color.
2217:. Nationalzoo.si.edu. Archived from
1795:Mendes, J. (1986). Cote ce Cote la:
1676:from the original on August 17, 2017
1659:
1657:
438:. The species is native to tropical
3392:IUCN Red List least concern species
2590:"ADW: Boa constrictor: Information"
2177:. Zoo.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-22.
1998:International Wildlife Encyclopedia
1465:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1228:3–4 years, boa constrictors become
686:is in honor of American naturalist
379:Constrictor constrictor constrictor
3082:. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. (
2592:. Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu.
2455:"Red-tailed Boa (Boa constrictor)"
2441:"Red-tailed Boa (Boa constrictor)"
1204:; since then it has been found in
765:Zoologische Staatssammlung MĂĽnchen
25:
2303:Davis, Olasee (30 January 2019).
1944:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
1664:Kruzer, Adrienne (May 15, 2018).
1366:, which is included in Appendix I
512:Other regional names include the
2471:Gill, Victoria (July 23, 2015).
1797:Trinidad & Tobago Dictionary
1297:All boa constrictors fall under
108:
32:Boa constrictor (disambiguation)
3462:Reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago
3036:from the original on 2014-02-02
3011:from the original on 2007-05-19
2756:from the original on 2019-04-28
2621:from the original on 2020-04-10
2596:from the original on 2011-06-29
2549:Journal of Experimental Biology
2408:from the original on 2022-03-22
2363:New York: Sterling Publishers.
2097:from the original on 2018-02-20
1979:from the original on 2012-03-20
1915:from the original on 2010-03-25
1883:from the original on 2022-03-28
1778:from the original on 2014-02-22
1738:from the original on 2021-10-09
1600:from the original on 2022-02-03
1511:from the original on 2010-02-04
1030:), but larger lizards (such as
934:, and vast amount of potential
2146:. Seaworld.org. Archived from
2030:. Princeton University Press.
2028:The New Encyclopedia of Snakes
1799:. Arima, Trinidad. p. 92.
481:The species and subspecies of
1:
2399:University of the West Indies
2387:(Boa Constrictor or Macajuel)
2245:Biodiversity and Conservation
2191:Boas and Pythons of the World
2047:Wagner, D. "Boas". Barron's.
1701:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1266:eosinophilic inclusion bodies
849:Depending on the subspecies,
2215:"Boa Constrictor Fact Sheet"
1142:Reproduction and development
3482:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2916:Guinness World Records 2011
2617:. LiveScience. 2010-11-03.
2307:. Virgin Islands Daily News
1942:; Grayson, Michael (2011).
1756:Helmke, Christophe (2013).
1703:. Accessed 7 November 2020.
1573:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.034
1320:Boa constrictors may be an
392:Boa constrictor constrictor
3503:
3477:Reptiles described in 1758
3005:"Appendices I, II and III"
2959:10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.10.006
2849:. Ssscales. Archived from
2643:, Burghardt GM, Vargo EL,
2073:"On the maximum length of
1815:Smith, Charles R. (1999).
1240:This species does well in
1094:and constrict it until it
987:
29:
3442:Reptiles of French Guiana
3412:Snakes of Central America
3007:. Cites.org. 2009-05-22.
2979:Pough, F. Harvey (2004).
2733:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.010
2279:"Nonnatives – Common Boa"
1823:. Siar Anthranir Reptiles
287:Constrictor rex serpentum
275:Constrictor formosissimus
262:
255:
250:
241:
220:
213:
105:Scientific classification
103:
86:
64:
55:
46:
41:
1911:. Boa-constrictors.com.
1257:15, 1977. Proper animal
1042:) and mammals as big as
845:Distribution and habitat
305:Constrictor diviniloquus
3407:Snakes of the Caribbean
2257:10.1023/A:1008815004072
1956:Boa constrictor amarali
658:Argentina and Paraguay
366:Constrictor constrictor
2947:The Veterinary Journal
2847:"Boa Constrictor Care"
1975:. Boa-subspecies.com.
1909:"Boa constrictor Page"
1392:Cisneros-Heredia, D.F.
1151:
1007:
959:
826:
750:, or the occasionally
544:Several subspecies of
413:(scientific name also
3472:Reptiles of Venezuela
3417:Reptiles of Argentina
3312:Paleobiology Database
2718:(#14): 2148–2153.e4.
2674:10.1093/jhered/esr080
2502:Montgomery, G. Gene;
2330:Stidworthy J (1974).
1472:: e.T197462A2486405.
1309:, which is listed in
1301:and are listed under
1272:Economic significance
1168:Colombian rainbow boa
1154:Boa constrictors are
1149:
1005:
957:
829:Boa constrictors can
824:
682:The subspecific name
419:), also known as the
3457:Reptiles of Suriname
3432:Reptiles of Colombia
2639:Booth W, Million L,
2077:(Serpentes, Boidae)"
1877:The Reptile Database
1833:CABI Boa Constrictor
1732:The Reptile Database
1501:"Appendices | CITES"
3467:Reptiles of Uruguay
3437:Reptiles of Ecuador
3422:Reptiles of Bolivia
3402:Fauna of the Amazon
2724:2017CBio...27E2148G
2702:; Castoe, Todd A.;
2661:Journal of Heredity
2332:Snakes of the World
1842:"CABI", "10/5/2018"
1565:2016MolPE.102..104C
1428:RamĂrez Pinilla, M.
905:, extreme southern
871:Trinidad and Tobago
206:B. constrictor
58:Conservation status
3447:Reptiles of Guyana
2704:Nielsen, Stuart V.
2562:10.1242/jeb.058644
2173:2011-11-13 at the
1838:2018-10-06 at the
1540:(September 2016).
1424:Nogueira, C. de C.
1400:Flores-Villela, O.
1364:B. c. occidentalis
1307:B. c. occidentalis
1279:reticulated python
1152:
1008:
960:
827:
744:reticulated python
718:B. c. melanogaster
679:northwestern Peru
644:B. c. occidentalis
296:Constrictor auspex
3379:
3378:
3299:Open Tree of Life
3096:Taxon identifiers
2983:(third edition).
2930:978-1-904994-57-2
2800:10.1111/evo.13543
2794:(#8): 1701–1707.
2784:KratochvĂl, Lukáš
2780:Rovatsos, Michail
1952:978-1-4214-0135-5
1817:Boa constrictor (
1771:(#2). p. 4.
1303:CITES Appendix II
1003:
781:B. c. constrictor
759:sexual dimorphism
694:
693:
597:B. c. constrictor
588:Geographic range
407:
406:
361:— Boulenger, 1893
98:
81:
16:(Redirected from
3494:
3487:Reptiles as pets
3452:Reptiles of Peru
3427:Snakes of Brazil
3372:
3371:
3359:
3358:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3332:
3320:
3319:
3307:
3306:
3294:
3293:
3281:
3280:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3091:
3068:, pp. 117;
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3001:
2992:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2911:
2905:
2902:Philadelphia Zoo
2895:
2889:
2878:Pythons and Boas
2871:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2843:
2828:
2827:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2735:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2676:
2655:Epicrates maurus
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2586:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2504:Rand, A. Stanley
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2392:
2378:
2372:
2354:
2343:
2328:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2211:
2202:
2184:
2178:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2140:
2134:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2081:
2061:
2055:
2045:
2039:
2021:
2008:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1940:Watkins, Michael
1933:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1905:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1849:
1843:
1830:
1824:
1813:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1765:The PARI Journal
1762:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1719:
1704:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1661:
1652:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1584:
1550:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1458:Boa constrictor
1384:
1367:
1360:
1322:invasive species
1311:CITES Appendix I
1172:Epicrates maurus
1004:
984:Hunting and diet
942:of medium-sized
794:and also longer
704:. They include:
618:B. c. longicauda
579:Scientific name
576:
446:are recognized.
401:
388:
375:
362:
353:
340:
323:
310:
301:
292:
283:
271:
246:
226:
113:
112:
92:
75:
70:
69:
51:
42:Boa constrictor
39:
27:Species of snake
21:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3367:
3362:
3354:
3349:
3341:
3336:
3328:
3323:
3315:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3276:
3273:Observation.org
3271:
3263:
3258:
3250:
3245:
3237:
3232:
3224:
3219:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3193:
3185:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3148:Boa_constrictor
3146:
3141:
3134:Boa constrictor
3132:
3131:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3104:Boa constrictor
3098:
3084:Boa constrictor
3072:, p. 118).
3070:Boa diviniloqua
3066:Boa constrictor
3054:
3052:Further reading
3049:
3048:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3014:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2978:
2974:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2896:
2892:
2872:
2865:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2831:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2712:Current Biology
2698:
2697:
2690:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2578:
2555:(#5): 760–765.
2542:
2541:
2537:
2522:10.2307/1443622
2516:(#3): 532–533.
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2390:
2385:Boa constrictor
2380:
2379:
2375:
2355:
2346:
2329:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2185:
2181:
2175:Wayback Machine
2166:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2113:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2079:
2075:Boa constrictor
2063:
2062:
2058:
2046:
2042:
2022:
2011:
2000:Third Edition.
1995:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1867:, eds. (2022).
1851:
1850:
1846:
1840:Wayback Machine
1831:
1827:
1819:Boa constrictor
1814:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1741:
1739:
1726:Boa constrictor
1721:
1720:
1707:
1696:Boa constrictor
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1670:The Spruce Pets
1663:
1662:
1655:
1619:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1548:
1538:Castoe, Todd A.
1531:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1412:Ines Hladki, A.
1386:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1343:Daletvirus boae
1338:
1295:
1274:
1254:life expectancy
1238:
1230:sexually mature
1198:Burmese pythons
1176:parthenogenesis
1164:parthenogenesis
1144:
1104:Unconsciousness
994:
992:
986:
952:
851:Boa constrictor
847:
804:
785:Boa constrictor
740:
738:Size and weight
735:
546:Boa constrictor
542:
492:Boa constrictor
472:boa constrictor
464:Boa constrictor
452:
416:Boa constrictor
411:boa constrictor
395:
394:
382:
381:
369:
368:
360:
359:
357:Boa diviniloqua
347:
346:
344:Boa constrictor
330:
329:
327:Boa diviniloqua
317:
316:
308:
307:
299:
298:
290:
289:
278:
277:
269:
268:
237:
228:
224:Boa constrictor
222:
209:
107:
99:
82:
71:
67:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3500:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3384:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3360:
3347:
3334:
3321:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3269:
3256:
3243:
3230:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3178:
3165:
3152:
3139:
3124:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3073:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3021:
2993:
2972:
2936:
2929:
2906:
2890:
2863:
2829:
2776:Frynta, Daniel
2766:
2688:
2667:(#6): 759–63.
2631:
2606:
2576:
2535:
2494:
2460:
2446:
2432:
2418:
2373:
2344:
2318:
2295:
2270:
2251:(7): 957–963.
2231:
2203:
2179:
2160:
2135:
2107:
2056:
2040:
2009:
1989:
1964:
1925:
1893:
1844:
1825:
1801:
1788:
1748:
1705:
1687:
1653:
1610:
1534:Smith, Eric N.
1521:
1492:
1396:Fitzgerald, L.
1388:Arzamendia, V.
1378:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1337:
1334:
1294:
1291:
1273:
1270:
1237:
1234:
1193:Boa imperators
1143:
1140:
1128:blood pressure
1122:, rather than
988:Main article:
985:
982:
951:
948:
917:B. constrictor
846:
843:
809:B. constrictor
803:
800:
770:green anaconda
755:green anaconda
748:Burmese python
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
715:
698:herpetologists
692:
691:
680:
677:
674:
668:
662:
661:
659:
656:
653:
647:
639:
638:
636:
635:northern Peru
633:
630:
620:
614:
613:
611:
608:
605:
599:
593:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
541:
538:
483:B. constrictor
451:
448:
405:
404:
403:
402:
389:
376:
363:
354:
341:
333:A.M.C. Duméril
324:
311:
309:Laurenti, 1768
302:
300:Laurenti, 1768
293:
291:Laurenti, 1768
284:
272:
270:Linnaeus, 1758
260:
259:
253:
252:
248:
247:
239:
238:
229:
218:
217:
211:
210:
203:
201:
197:
196:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
101:
100:
87:
84:
83:
65:
62:
61:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
18:Red-tailed boa
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3499:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2989:0-13-100849-8
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:0-86622-084-4
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2853:on 2010-02-19
2852:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2498:
2495:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2369:0-8069-6460-X
2366:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:0-448-11856-4
2337:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2285:on 2018-10-16
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2221:on 2010-02-09
2220:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:1-84537-544-0
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2150:on 2010-05-02
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2131:0-89464-995-7
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2053:0-8120-9626-6
2050:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:0-691-13295-X
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:0-7614-7266-5
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:B. c. ortonii
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:1-893777-01-4
1646:
1642:
1641:1-893777-00-6
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:Gagliardi, G.
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1287:leishmaniasis
1284:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1210:Python regius
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
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1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
991:
983:
981:
978:
973:
969:
968:semi-arboreal
965:
956:
949:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
922:
918:
914:
912:
911:type locality
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:French Guiana
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
823:
819:
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799:
797:
793:
788:
786:
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766:
760:
756:
753:
749:
745:
737:
732:
728:
727:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
709:B. c. amarali
707:
706:
705:
703:
699:
689:
685:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
667:
666:B. c. ortonii
664:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
646:
645:
641:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
590:
587:
584:
582:Taxon author
581:
578:
577:
574:
572:
571:
566:
565:
560:
559:
554:
553:
552:Boa imperator
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
507:
506:Boa imperator
502:
501:
500:
499:Boa imperator
494:
493:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
440:South America
437:
434:
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422:
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417:
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399:
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367:
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264:
263:
261:
258:
254:
251:Distribution
249:
245:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
219:
216:
215:Binomial name
212:
208:
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126:
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120:
117:
116:
111:
106:
102:
96:
90:
85:
79:
74:
73:Least Concern
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3103:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3058:Boulenger GA
3038:. Retrieved
3024:
3013:. Retrieved
2980:
2975:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2915:
2909:
2893:
2877:
2874:Stafford, P.
2855:. Retrieved
2851:the original
2791:
2787:
2769:
2758:. Retrieved
2715:
2711:
2700:Gamble, Tony
2664:
2660:
2654:
2647:, Tzika AC,
2634:
2623:. Retrieved
2609:
2598:. Retrieved
2552:
2548:
2538:
2513:
2507:
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2476:
2449:
2435:
2421:
2410:. Retrieved
2394:
2386:
2383:
2376:
2360:
2331:
2309:. Retrieved
2298:
2287:. Retrieved
2283:the original
2273:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2190:
2182:
2163:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:the original
2138:
2122:
2119:Henderson RW
2110:
2099:. Retrieved
2087:
2083:
2074:
2059:
2043:
2027:
2024:Mattison, C.
1997:
1996:Maurice, B.
1992:
1981:. Retrieved
1967:
1959:
1955:
1943:
1917:. Retrieved
1885:. Retrieved
1876:
1870:
1847:
1828:
1818:
1796:
1791:
1780:. Retrieved
1768:
1764:
1751:
1740:. Retrieved
1731:
1725:
1695:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1669:
1632:
1621:McDiarmid RW
1602:. Retrieved
1556:
1552:
1543:
1513:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1469:
1463:
1457:
1448:Wilson, L.D.
1444:Williams, J.
1436:Scrocchi, G.
1382:
1363:
1358:
1341:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1296:
1293:Conservation
1275:
1263:
1239:
1214:
1209:
1206:ball pythons
1202:heterogamety
1191:
1171:
1153:
1100:
1009:
990:Constriction
961:
916:
915:
850:
848:
828:
813:
808:
805:
796:pelvic spurs
789:
784:
780:
778:
774:
763:
741:
726:nomen dubium
724:
717:
708:
695:
683:
665:
642:
617:
596:
585:Common name
568:
564:Boa orophias
562:
558:Boa nebulosa
556:
550:
545:
543:
529:
521:
513:
511:
504:
497:
496:
491:
490:
482:
480:
471:
463:
460:constrictors
453:
450:Common names
420:
415:
414:
410:
408:
391:
378:
365:
356:
343:
326:
314:constrictrix
313:
304:
295:
286:
274:
265:
223:
221:
205:
204:
192:
36:
3397:Boa (genus)
3338:SeaLifeBase
3330:constrictor
3208:iNaturalist
3128:Wikispecies
2981:Herpetology
2641:Reynolds RG
2357:Mehrtens JM
2090:(#2): 264.
2069:Franzen, M.
1936:Beolens, Bo
1861:Aguilar, R.
1625:Campbell JA
1559:: 104–116.
1432:Renjifo, J.
1408:Giraudo, A.
1212:) as well.
1132:circulation
1124:suffocation
972:terrestrial
924:rainforests
733:Description
702:taxonomists
688:James Orton
534:Trinidadian
458:are indeed
454:Though all
266:Constrictor
91:Appendix II
3386:Categories
3076:Linnaeus C
3040:2014-01-25
3015:2010-03-15
2857:2010-03-15
2760:2019-08-17
2649:Schuett GW
2625:2011-08-01
2600:2010-03-15
2412:2022-03-22
2289:2015-12-04
2225:2010-03-15
2154:2010-03-15
2101:2018-02-19
1983:2010-03-15
1962:, p. 196).
1919:2010-03-15
1887:2022-03-28
1782:2014-02-18
1742:2022-03-28
1643:(series).
1604:2022-03-30
1515:2022-01-14
1452:Murphy, J.
1440:Urbina, N.
1416:Köhler, G.
1374:References
1188:vertebrate
1160:polygynous
1156:viviparous
1136:metabolism
1112:blood flow
1096:suffocates
1088:amphibians
1052:armadillos
1048:marsupials
977:shed cycle
928:semidesert
831:sense heat
723:, 1983: a
721:Langhammer
591:Etymology
540:Subspecies
526:Portuguese
444:subspecies
421:common boa
168:Suborder:
2953:: 13–18.
2808:1558-5646
2742:0960-9822
2115:Murphy JC
1871:Boa sigma
1865:Hošek, J.
1857:Freed, P.
1651:(volume).
1505:cites.org
1305:, except
1259:husbandry
1242:captivity
1236:Captivity
1221:hemipenes
1180:automixis
1078:, birds,
1056:wild pigs
1016:squirrels
964:nocturnal
932:predators
899:Argentina
867:Venezuela
792:hemipenes
752:sympatric
570:Boa sigma
514:chij-chan
487:New World
350:Boulenger
320:Schneider
200:Species:
172:Serpentes
128:Kingdom:
122:Eukaryota
3351:Species+
3226:11125754
3113:Wikidata
3078:(1758).
3060:(1893).
3034:Archived
3009:Archived
2967:27938703
2876:(1986).
2824:49679832
2816:29972583
2754:Archived
2750:28690112
2683:21868391
2651:(2011).
2619:Archived
2594:Archived
2571:22323198
2487:June 22,
2481:Archived
2477:BBC News
2403:Archived
2359:(1987).
2265:19655051
2189:(2007).
2187:O'Shea M
2171:Archived
2121:(1997).
2092:Archived
2084:Spixiana
2071:(2016).
2065:Glaw, F.
2026:(2007).
1977:Archived
1958:, p. 7;
1913:Archived
1881:Archived
1853:Uetz, P.
1836:Archived
1773:Archived
1736:Archived
1674:Archived
1631:(1999).
1629:Touré TA
1595:Archived
1591:27241629
1509:Archived
1485:27 March
1454:(2021).
1336:See also
1250:chickens
950:Behavior
926:to arid
921:tropical
879:Suriname
855:Colombia
839:colubrid
816:albinism
802:Coloring
650:Philippi
602:Linnaeus
530:macajuel
478:name.
476:binomial
280:Laurenti
257:Synonyms
231:Linnaeus
178:Family:
162:Squamata
152:Reptilia
142:Chordata
138:Phylum:
132:Animalia
118:Domain:
78:IUCN 3.1
3369:1389961
3291:1389961
3200:2464899
3119:Q215388
2898:Reports
2720:Bibcode
2645:Schal C
2530:1443622
1699:at the
1582:5894333
1561:Bibcode
1420:Lee, J.
1362:Except
1326:Florida
1283:opossum
1246:rabbits
1114:to the
1084:lizards
1072:rabbits
1060:ocelots
1044:monkeys
1036:iguanas
1032:ameivas
1028:agoutis
944:mammals
940:burrows
907:Florida
903:Cozumel
895:Uruguay
891:Bolivia
859:Ecuador
684:ortonii
673:, 1878
652:, 1873
629:, 1991
604:, 1758
528:), and
470:, as a
468:English
462:, only
425:species
423:, is a
398:Forcart
372:Griffin
188:Genus:
158:Order:
148:Class:
93: (
76: (
3343:131422
3317:179224
3304:764377
3252:197462
3239:209569
3187:BOAXCO
3174:795595
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2965:
2927:
2884:
2822:
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2806:
2748:
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2569:
2528:
2509:Copeia
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2338:
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2129:
2051:
2034:
2004:
1950:
1680:May 4,
1647:
1639:
1589:
1579:
1225:litter
1217:cloaca
1184:zygote
1166:. The
1092:animal
1086:, and
897:, and
887:Brazil
875:Guyana
714:, 1932
625:&
522:jiboia
436:Boidae
433:family
400:, 1951
387:, 1935
374:, 1916
352:, 1893
339:, 1844
337:Bibron
335:&
322:, 1801
282:, 1768
182:Boidae
3364:WoRMS
3278:97477
3221:IRMNG
3213:32093
2820:S2CID
2526:JSTOR
2406:(PDF)
2391:(PDF)
2311:2 May
2261:S2CID
2095:(PDF)
2080:(PDF)
1776:(PDF)
1761:(PDF)
1598:(PDF)
1549:(PDF)
1350:Notes
1330:Aruba
1299:CITES
1120:brain
1116:heart
1108:death
1040:tegus
1012:birds
835:lungs
712:Stull
627:Russo
623:Price
518:Mayan
456:boids
429:snake
385:Stull
95:CITES
89:CITES
3356:8534
3286:OBIS
3265:8574
3260:NCBI
3247:IUCN
3234:ITIS
3195:GBIF
3182:EPPO
3161:M7TX
2985:ISBN
2963:PMID
2925:ISBN
2882:ISBN
2812:PMID
2804:ISSN
2746:PMID
2738:ISSN
2679:PMID
2567:PMID
2514:1978
2489:2018
2365:ISBN
2336:ISBN
2313:2023
2195:ISBN
2127:ISBN
2049:ISBN
2032:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1682:2017
1645:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1587:PMID
1487:2022
1470:2021
1328:and
1196:and
1130:and
1118:and
1106:and
1080:bats
1076:mice
1070:and
1068:cats
1064:dogs
1058:and
1038:and
1026:and
1024:rats
1020:mice
936:prey
863:Peru
700:and
671:Cope
567:and
495:and
409:The
235:1758
3169:EoL
3156:CoL
3143:ADW
2955:doi
2951:218
2796:doi
2728:doi
2669:doi
2665:102
2557:doi
2553:215
2518:doi
2253:doi
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1577:PMC
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1544:Boa
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193:Boa
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