42:
452:
735:
504:
717:
702:), 42x30 mm on average. Nests are difficult to find since the eggs are cryptically coloured and usually matches the ground pattern. In residential areas, they sometimes take to nesting on roof-tops. They have been recorded nesting on the stones between the rails of a railway track, the adult leaving the nest when trains passed. Nests that have been threatened by agricultural operations have been manually translocated by gradually shifting the eggs. When nesting they will attempt to dive bomb or distract potential predators. Both the male and female incubate the eggs and divert predators using
486:
747:
759:
556:
spurts and dips forward obliquely (with unflexed legs) to pick up food in a typical plover manner. They are said to feed at night being especially active around the full moon. Is uncannily and ceaselessly vigilant, day or night, and is the first to detect intrusions and raise an alarm, and was therefore considered a nuisance by hunters. Flight rather slow, with deliberate flaps, but capable of remarkable agility when defending nest or being hunted by a hawk.
105:
227:
468:
80:
529:, about 35 cm (14 in) long. The wings and back are light brown with a purple to green sheen, but the head, a bib on the front and back of the neck are black. Prominently white patch runs between these two colours, from belly and tail, flanking the neck to the sides of crown. Short tail is tipped black. A red fleshy
555:
It usually keeps in pairs or trios in well-watered open country, ploughed fields, grazing land, and margins and dry beds of tanks and puddles. They occasionally form large flocks, ranging from 26 to 200 birds. It is also found in forest clearings around rain-filled depressions. It runs about in short
706:
or flash their wings to deter any herbivores that threaten the nest. Males appear to relieve females incubating at the nest particularly towards the hot part of noon. The eggs hatch in 28 to 30 days. The reproductive success is about 40%. Egg mortality is high (~43%) due to predation by mongooses,
551:
Males and females are similar in plumage but males have a 5% longer wing and tend to have a longer carpal spur. The length of the birds is 320–350 mm, wing of 208–247 mm with the nominate averaging 223 mm, Sri Lanka 217 mm. The Bill is 31–36 mm and tarsus of 70–83 mm.
310:
bird. Usually seen in pairs or small groups not far from water, they sometimes form large aggregations in the non-breeding season (winter). They nest in a ground scrape laying three to four camouflaged eggs. Adults near the nest fly around, diving at potential predators while calling noisily. The
777:
claimed that the flesh of the bird was unpalatable based on evidence from an Indian geologist who noted that a hungry tiger cub refused to eat their meat. Some endoparasitic tapeworms, nematodes, and trematodes have been described from the species. Mortality caused by respiratory infection by
697:
The breeding season is mainly March to August. The courtship involves the male puffing its feathers and pointing its beak upwards. The male then shuffles around the female. Several males may display to females and they may be close together. The eggs are laid in a ground scrape or depression
1702:
Cott, Hugh B. (1946). "The
Edibility of Birds: Illustrated by Five Years' Experiments and Observations (1941–1946) on the Food Preferences of the Hornet, Cat and Man;and considered with Special Reference to the Theories of Adaptive Coloration".
734:
769:
They bathe in pools of water when available and will often spend time on preening when leaving the nest or after copulation. They sometimes rest on the ground with the tarsi laid flat on the ground and at other times may rest on one leg.
816:. The Bhils of Malwa believed that the laying of eggs by red-wattled lapwings in the dry beds of streams as forewarnings of delayed rains or droughts. Eggs laid on the banks on the other hand were taken as indications of normal rains.
796:
and other invertebrates, mostly picked from the ground. They may also feed on some grains. They feed mainly during the day but they may also feed at night. They may sometimes make use of the legs to disturb insect prey from soft soil.
451:
1009:
Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques
298:. Like other lapwings they are ground birds that are incapable of perching. Their characteristic loud alarm calls are indicators of human or animal movements and the sounds have been variously rendered as
1974:
812:
In parts of
Rajasthan it is believed that the laying of eggs by the lapwing on high ground was an indication of good rains to come. The eggs are known to be collected by practitioners of
540:
is slightly paler and larger than the nominate race and is found in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and the Indus valley. The nominate race is found all over India. The Sri Lankan race
485:
746:
2393:
2063:
2432:
1683:
533:
in front of each eye, black-tipped red bill, and the long legs are yellow. In flight, prominent white wing bars formed by the white on the secondary coverts.
2592:
716:
41:
57:
503:
2551:
2367:
311:
cryptically patterned chicks hatch and immediately follow their parents to feed, hiding by lying low on the ground or in the grass when threatened.
2406:
2622:
969:
947:
320:
689:
This species is declining in its western range, but is abundant in much of South Asia, being seen at almost any wetland habitat in its range.
2458:
1099:
2179:
56:
1975:"Traditional Uses of Animal and Animal Products in Medicine and Rituals by the Shauka Tribes of District Pithoragarh, Uttaranchal, India"
2538:
2341:
1091:
710:
Like other lapwings, they soak their belly feathers to provide water to their chicks as well as to cool the eggs during hot weather.
1183:
740:
Chicks and eggs on a scrape nest. The young hatch in synchrony and the cryptically plumaged chick typically lies still when alarmed.
339:
to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist
2617:
2564:
2484:
2354:
780:
1245:
805:
In parts of India, a local belief is that the bird sleeps on its back with the legs upwards and an associated Hindi metaphor
2411:
686:), and spreads out widely in the monsoons on creation of requisite habitats, but by and large the populations are resident.
1085:
809:("can the lapwing support the heavens?") is used to refer to persons undertaking tasks beyond their ability or strength.
319:
Traditionally well known to native hunters, the red-wattled lapwing was first described in a book by the French polymath
55:
2607:
973:
698:
sometimes fringed with pebbles, goat or hare droppings. About 3–4 black-blotched buff eggs shaped a bit like a peg-top (
328:
2612:
2602:
2292:
2162:
2147:
2108:
2094:
2089:
2082:
1921:
1896:
1523:
1498:
1473:
1448:
1396:
1317:
1292:
1070:
Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés
1050:
Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés
758:
2437:
1115:
981:
773:
Healthy adult birds have few predators and are capable of rapid and agile flight when pursued by hawks or falcons.
1859:"Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in red wattled lapwings (Vanellus indicus) in Pakistan – a case report"
1237:
104:
1857:
Umar, S.; M. Iqbal; A. H. Khan; A. Mushtaq; K. Aqil; T. Jamil; S. Asif; N. Qamar; A. Shahzad; M. Younus (2017).
1744:
1064:
1044:
381:
2131:
Kalsi, RS; Khera, S (1986) Some observations on breeding and displacement behaviour of the
Redwattled Lapwing
1249:
467:
355:
2258:
2279:
2193:
2297:
707:
crows and kites. Chicks have a lower mortality (8.3%) and their survival improves after the first week.
199:
2231:
2569:
2489:
901:
857:
2271:
2240:
977:
813:
679:
663:
647:
336:
703:
69:
403:
Across their wide range there are slight differences in the plumage and there are four recognized
2154:
2057:
1997:
1839:
1788:
239:
99:
2398:
2049:
Jungle tribes of Malwa. The
Ethnographical Survey of the Central India Agency. Monograph No. 11
1120:"Grebes, flamingos, buttonquail, plovers, painted-snipes, jacanas, plains-wanderer, seedsnipes"
2597:
2471:
2424:
2315:
1831:
1780:
1189:
1179:
1095:
886:
548:
the race in north-eastern India and eastern
Bangladesh has a white cheek surrounded by black.
2047:
2476:
1989:
1953:
1870:
1823:
1772:
1712:
1542:
Kalsi, RS; Khera, S (1987). "Agonistic and distraction behaviour of the
Redwattled Lapwing,
1263:
Mehra SP; N Singh & S Mehra (2008). "Sighting of a partially albino Red-wattled
Lapwing
852:
530:
441:
2284:
444:, 1864) – northeast India to south China, southeast Asia, Malay Peninsula and north Sumatra
2445:
1518:
1024:
1003:
415:
340:
216:
156:
2245:
1443:
1312:
834:
2103:
1716:
1493:
1391:
1287:
675:
389:
1916:
1891:
1763:
Sarwar, M. M. (1956). "On Some
Spirurid and Filariid Nematodes of Birds in Pakistan".
1468:
559:
Its striking appearance is supplemented by its noisy nature, with a loud and scolding
2586:
2419:
1647:
880:
843:
344:
89:
84:
2001:
1792:
226:
2529:
2320:
1993:
1843:
774:
431:
295:
166:
17:
2502:
2359:
2307:
2169:
Saxena, VS (1973) Unusual nesting by
Redwattled Lapwing. Indian Forester 99:33–35.
1594:"A note on incubation period and reproductive success of the Redwattled Lapwing,
2380:
2225:
2121:
2016:
1674:
1620:
1593:
1566:
1416:
1364:
1337:
1211:
1068:
1048:
1028:
1007:
985:
951:
1875:
1033:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 238.
2497:
1776:
461:
showing the diagnostic white wing bar and a broad black band on the white tail
404:
2216:
1119:
2543:
2346:
1193:
1073:(in French and Latin). Vol. 5. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 94.
1053:(in French and Latin). Vol. 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 48.
699:
651:
513:
424:(Boddaert, 1783) – central Pakistan to Nepal, northeast India and Bangladesh
327:
in 1781. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by
116:
1835:
1784:
1567:"Some observations on the behaviour of the incubating Redwattled Lapwing,
2523:
2450:
2210:
683:
655:
495:
376:
176:
136:
1958:
1941:
1160:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 212–215.
2556:
2372:
2266:
1827:
1675:"Some observations on maintenance behaviour of the Red-wattled Lapwing
1313:"Use of droppings of Indian Hare for nest making by Redwattled Lapwing"
667:
570:
566:
283:
958:(in French). Vol. 15. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 101.
2253:
752:
The chick leaves the nest and follows the parents soon after hatching
477:
287:
126:
2385:
2333:
2187:
1858:
1338:"Observations on the roof-nesting habit of the Redwattled Lapwing (
2328:
1288:"Unexpected summer visitors in the Himalayas – Redwattled Lapwing"
793:
671:
659:
526:
363:
291:
53:
2463:
1621:"Belly-soaking and nest wetting behaviour of Redwattled Lapwing,
726:
674:), with another sub-species further east in Southeast Asia. May
643:
639:
146:
2191:
1730:
Jadhav. V.; Nanware S. S.; Rao S. S. (1994). "Two new tapeworm
1810:
n. sp. (Trematoda: Cyclocoeliidae) from a redwattled lapwing,
934:
Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world
576:
The local names are mainly onomatopoeic in origin and include
362:
in western India. It was subsequently placed in various other
359:
2157:(1998) Ubiquitous alarmist. Blackbuck. 14(3&4):88–90.
2135:(Aves: Charadriidae). Res. Bull. Panjab Univ. 37:131–141.
1444:"Dilemma near the nest of a pair of red-wattled lapwings"
2138:
Khajuria, H (1972) Nestlings of the redwattled lapwing,
2128:
Journal of the Bombay
Natural History Society 82(1):197.
1973:
Negi, Chandra S. Negi & Veerendra S. Palyal (2007).
992:. Vol. 9. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 807.
1212:"Flocking and courtship display in Redwattled Lapwing (
613:
607:
601:
792:
The diet of the lapwing includes a range of insects,
589:
583:
619:
595:
2513:
2200:
2104:"More about the nesting of the Red-wattled Lapwing"
2092:(1965) Small displacement by ground nesting birds.
1648:"Growth and development of the Red-wattled Lapwing
1174:Pamela C. Rasmussen & John C. Anderton (2005).
625:
577:
396:meaning "winnowing" or "fan". The specific epithet
1417:"Curious nesting site of the Red-wattled Lapwing (
1242:Book of Indian Birds, Salim Ali centenary edition
902:"Note on the breeding habits of the Did-he-do-it
858:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22694013A89569039.en
392:for a "lapwing". It is a diminutive of the Latin
784:has been recorded in captive birds in Pakistan.
2080:Anon. (1991) Flocking of Red Wattled Lapwings.
1942:"An Ethnobiological Study of the Tamang People"
1705:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
1494:"Interaction of a Redwattled Lapwing and a dog"
1178:. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions.
678:altitudinally in spring and autumn (e.g. in N.
494:showing the white ear patch bounded by black,
2029:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1684:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1629:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1602:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1575:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1565:Naik, RM; George, PV; Dixit, Dhruv B (1961).
1425:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1373:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1346:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1220:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1013:(in French). Utrecht. p. 50, Number 807.
646:, Persian Gulf) eastwards across South Asia (
8:
1087:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
2015:Srinivas, K.V. & S. Subramanya (2000).
1363:Tehsin, Raza H; Lokhandwala, Juzer (1982).
1158:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
932:Hayman, P.; J. Marchant; T. Prater (1986).
2188:
2062:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1892:"Feeding behaviour of red-wattled lapwing"
927:
925:
923:
380:which was erected by the French zoologist
225:
78:
40:
31:
1957:
1874:
856:
563:call, uttered both in the day and night.
1917:"Unusual nesting by Red-wattled Lapwing"
1392:"Unusual nesting by Red-wattled Lapwing"
1365:"Unusual nesting of Redwattled Lapwing (
990:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
874:
872:
870:
868:
333:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
1205:
1203:
936:. Croom Helm, London. pp. 274–275.
825:
712:
447:
2160:Jackson, P (1976) Redwattled Lapwing.
2055:
2021:(Boddaert) and Yellow-wattled Lapwing
1169:
1167:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
418:, 1913) – southeast Turkey to Pakistan
321:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
2145:Koshy, MS (1989) Lapwings on a roof.
1176:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide
1126:. International Ornithologists' Union
1090:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
7:
1806:Siddiqi, AH; Jairajpuri MS (1962). "
1646:Kalsi, R. S. & S. Khera (1990).
630:(Tamil, meaning "human indicator").
2593:IUCN Red List least concern species
844:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2142:(boddaert). Pavo 8(1&2):82–83.
1717:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1947.tb00131.x
885:. George Wyman & Co. pp.
335:produced under the supervision of
306:leading to the colloquial name of
25:
2017:"Stealing of Redwattled Lapwing
1592:Desai, JH; Malhotra, AK (1976).
1156:Ali, S & S D Ripley (1980).
1030:Check-list of Birds of the World
970:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
948:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
757:
745:
733:
715:
552:Tail length is 104–128 mm.
502:
484:
466:
450:
103:
1442:Sridhar, S; Karanth, P (1991).
1118:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
833:BirdLife International (2016).
781:Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
525:Red-wattled lapwings are large
1994:10.1080/09735070.2007.11886300
1816:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Parasitenkunde
1246:Bombay Natural History Society
956:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
325:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1:
2623:Taxa named by Pieter Boddaert
1742:at Aurangabad, M.S., India".
807:Titahri se asman thama jayega
2025:(Boddaert) eggs by cowherds"
1673:Kalsi, RS; Khera, S (1992).
1469:"Lapwing fighting off cobra"
1419:Lobivanellus indicus indicus
234:Bounding distribution range
2163:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2148:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2109:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2095:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2083:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1922:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1897:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1524:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1499:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1474:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1449:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1397:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1318:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1293:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1124:World Bird List Version 9.2
982:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
952:"Le Vanneau armé des Indes"
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
2639:
2126:) suffering from cataract.
1876:10.24099/vet.arhiv.160519b
1084:Jobling, James A. (2010).
974:Martinet, François-Nicolas
638:It breeds from West Asia (
544:is smaller and dark while
400:is the Latin for "India".
1982:Studies on Ethno-Medicine
1777:10.1017/S0022149X00033046
1745:Rivista di Parassitologia
1619:Sundararaman, V. (1989).
1598:at Delhi Zoological Park"
1065:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
1045:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
374:before being merged into
329:François-Nicolas Martinet
245:
238:
233:
224:
205:
198:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
48:
39:
34:
2133:Vanellus indicus indicus
1765:Journal of Helminthology
1569:Vanellus indicus indicus
1544:Vanellus indicus indicus
1415:McCann, Charles (1941).
1342:) in Poona, Maharashtra"
1267:in Udaipur, Rajasthan".
851:: e.T22694013A89569039.
382:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
350:in his catalogue of the
50:Vanellus indicus indicus
2618:Birds described in 1783
2182:Vanellus indicus lankae
2180:Photos of holotype for
1940:Tamang, Ganesh (2003).
1250:Oxford University Press
2052:. Lucknow. p. 27.
1492:Bhatnagar, RK (1978).
1467:Rangaswami, S (1980).
1336:Mundkur, Taej (1985).
986:"Vanneau armé, de Goa"
62:
2120:Jamdar, Nitin (1985)
2090:Dharmakumarsinhji, RS
1210:Vyas, Rakesh (1997).
978:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
693:Behaviour and ecology
60:
2122:Redwattled Lapwing (
2102:Gay, Thomas (1975).
2046:Luard, C.E. (1909).
2023:Vanellus malabaricus
1812:Lobivanellus indicus
1519:"Lapwings and snake"
1517:Bhagwat, VR (1991).
904:Sarcogrammus indicus
704:distraction displays
337:Edme-Louis Daubenton
264:Sarcogrammus indicus
256:Lobivanellus goensis
252:Lobivanellus indicus
35:Red-wattled lapwing
2608:Birds of South Asia
2140:Vanellus i. indicus
1959:10.3126/on.v1i1.303
1390:Reeves, SK (1975).
1311:Sharma, SK (1992).
900:Symons, CT (1917).
879:Jerdon, TC (1864).
666:and up to 1800m in
662:subcontinent up to
434:, 1939) – Sri Lanka
352:Planches Enluminées
274:red-wattled lapwing
248:Hoplopterus indicus
70:Conservation status
18:Red-wattled Lapwing
2613:Birds of Indochina
2603:Birds of West Asia
1915:Saxena VS (1974).
1828:10.1007/bf00260233
1286:Saini, SS (1972).
882:The Birds of India
492:V. i. atronuchalis
438:V. i. atronuchalis
63:
2580:
2579:
2472:Open Tree of Life
2194:Taxon identifiers
1890:Babi, AZ (1987).
1808:Uvitellina indica
1554:(1&2): 43–56.
1531:(5&6): 10–11.
1101:978-1-4081-2501-4
1025:Peters, James Lee
573:have been noted.
270:
269:
93:
58:
16:(Redirected from
2630:
2573:
2572:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2546:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2506:
2505:
2503:Vanellus-indicus
2493:
2492:
2480:
2479:
2467:
2466:
2454:
2453:
2441:
2440:
2428:
2427:
2415:
2414:
2402:
2401:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2375:
2363:
2362:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2336:
2324:
2323:
2311:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2287:
2275:
2274:
2272:4A30C57258175715
2262:
2261:
2259:vanellus-indicus
2249:
2248:
2246:Vanellus_indicus
2236:
2235:
2234:
2232:Vanellus indicus
2221:
2220:
2219:
2202:Vanellus indicus
2189:
2124:Vanellus indicus
2117:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2053:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2019:Vanellus indicus
2012:
2006:
2005:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1771:(2–3): 103–112.
1760:
1754:
1753:
1740:Vanellus indicus
1727:
1721:
1720:
1711:(3–4): 371–524.
1699:
1693:
1692:
1677:Vanellus indicus
1670:
1664:
1663:
1650:Vanellus indicus
1643:
1637:
1636:
1623:Vanellus indicus
1616:
1610:
1609:
1596:Vanellus indicus
1589:
1583:
1582:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1367:Vanellus indicus
1360:
1354:
1353:
1340:Vanellus indicus
1333:
1327:
1326:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1265:Vanellus indicus
1260:
1254:
1253:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1214:Vanellus indicus
1207:
1198:
1197:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1004:Boddaert, Pieter
1000:
994:
993:
966:
960:
959:
944:
938:
937:
929:
918:
917:
910:Spolia Zeylanica
897:
891:
890:
876:
863:
862:
860:
837:Vanellus indicus
830:
761:
749:
737:
719:
629:
623:
621:yennappa chitawa
617:
611:
605:
599:
593:
587:
581:
506:
488:
470:
454:
279:Vanellus indicus
229:
211:
209:Vanellus indicus
108:
107:
87:
82:
81:
59:
44:
32:
21:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2542:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2509:
2501:
2496:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2470:
2462:
2457:
2449:
2446:Observation.org
2444:
2436:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2340:
2332:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2196:
2176:
2101:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1456:(7&8): 7–9.
1441:
1440:
1436:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1002:
1001:
997:
968:
967:
963:
946:
945:
941:
931:
930:
921:
899:
898:
894:
878:
877:
866:
832:
831:
827:
822:
803:
790:
765:
762:
753:
750:
741:
738:
729:
720:
695:
654:, Afghanistan,
636:
523:
516:
512:
507:
498:
489:
480:
476:
471:
462:
460:
455:
341:Pieter Boddaert
317:
262:
258:
254:
250:
220:
213:
207:
194:
191:V. indicus
157:Charadriiformes
102:
94:
83:
79:
72:
54:
52:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2636:
2634:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2561:
2548:
2535:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2494:
2481:
2468:
2455:
2442:
2429:
2416:
2403:
2390:
2377:
2364:
2351:
2338:
2325:
2312:
2302:
2289:
2276:
2263:
2250:
2237:
2222:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2174:External links
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2158:
2152:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2118:
2099:
2087:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2038:
2007:
1965:
1932:
1907:
1882:
1869:(5): 641–648.
1849:
1798:
1755:
1736:Panuwa shindei
1732:Panuwa ahilyai
1722:
1694:
1665:
1638:
1611:
1584:
1557:
1534:
1509:
1484:
1459:
1434:
1407:
1382:
1355:
1328:
1325:(7&8): 19.
1303:
1278:
1255:
1252:. p. 139.
1229:
1199:
1184:
1163:
1137:
1107:
1100:
1076:
1056:
1036:
1027:, ed. (1934).
1016:
995:
961:
939:
919:
916:(39): 397–398.
892:
864:
824:
823:
821:
818:
802:
799:
789:
786:
767:
766:
763:
756:
754:
751:
744:
742:
739:
732:
730:
721:
714:
694:
691:
635:
632:
522:
519:
518:
517:
508:
501:
499:
490:
483:
481:
472:
465:
463:
456:
449:
446:
445:
435:
425:
419:
390:Medieval Latin
316:
313:
294:in the family
282:) is an Asian
268:
267:
243:
242:
236:
235:
231:
230:
222:
221:
214:
203:
202:
196:
195:
188:
186:
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
96:
95:
77:
74:
73:
68:
65:
64:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2635:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2515:Tringa indica
2512:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2075:Other sources
2074:
2065:
2059:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2039:
2035:(1): 143–144.
2034:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:(Boddaert)".
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1752:(3): 379–384.
1751:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1695:
1691:(3): 368–372.
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1612:
1608:(2): 392–394.
1607:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1585:
1581:(1): 223–230.
1580:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1431:(2): 441–442.
1430:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1359:
1356:
1352:(1): 194–196.
1351:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1185:84-87334-67-9
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1005:
999:
996:
991:
987:
984:(1765–1783).
983:
979:
975:
971:
965:
962:
957:
953:
949:
943:
940:
935:
928:
926:
924:
920:
915:
911:
907:
905:
896:
893:
888:
884:
883:
875:
873:
871:
869:
865:
859:
854:
850:
846:
845:
840:
838:
829:
826:
819:
817:
815:
814:folk medicine
810:
808:
800:
798:
795:
787:
785:
783:
782:
776:
771:
760:
755:
748:
743:
736:
731:
728:
724:
723:V. i. aigneri
718:
713:
711:
708:
705:
701:
692:
690:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:, the entire
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
631:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
574:
572:
568:
564:
562:
557:
553:
549:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
520:
515:
511:
505:
500:
497:
493:
487:
482:
479:
475:
474:V. i. aigneri
469:
464:
459:
458:V. i. indicus
453:
448:
443:
439:
436:
433:
429:
426:
423:
422:V. i. indicus
420:
417:
413:
412:V. i. aigneri
410:
409:
408:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:type locality
353:
349:
348:Tringa indica
346:
345:binomial name
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
314:
312:
309:
305:
304:pity to do it
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
266:
265:
261:
260:Tringa indica
257:
253:
249:
244:
241:
237:
232:
228:
223:
218:
212:
210:
204:
201:
200:Binomial name
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
106:
101:
97:
91:
86:
85:Least Concern
75:
71:
66:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2514:
2201:
2181:
2166:16(3):11–12.
2161:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2113:
2107:
2093:
2081:
2048:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2010:
1988:(1): 47–54.
1985:
1981:
1968:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1885:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1822:(3): 212–4.
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1738:n. sp. from
1735:
1731:
1725:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1641:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1437:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1410:
1401:
1395:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1306:
1297:
1291:
1281:
1272:
1269:Indian Birds
1268:
1264:
1258:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1175:
1157:
1128:. Retrieved
1123:
1110:
1086:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1008:
998:
989:
964:
955:
942:
933:
913:
909:
903:
895:
881:
848:
842:
836:
828:
811:
806:
804:
791:
779:
775:Hugh B. Cott
772:
768:
722:
709:
696:
688:
637:
634:Distribution
618:(Assamese),
612:(Kashmiri),
606:(Gujarati),
575:
565:
561:did-he-do-it
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:atronuchalis
545:
541:
537:
535:
524:
510:V. i. lankae
509:
491:
473:
457:
437:
428:V. i. lankae
427:
421:
411:
402:
397:
393:
385:
375:
372:Lobivanellus
371:
368:Sarcogrammus
367:
351:
347:
332:
324:
318:
308:did-he-do-it
307:
303:
300:did he do it
299:
296:Charadriidae
278:
277:
273:
271:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:
208:
206:
190:
189:
177:
167:Charadriidae
49:
29:
2381:iNaturalist
2226:Wikispecies
2155:Krishnan, M
1734:n. sp. and
1679:(Boddaert)"
1625:(Boddaert)"
1116:Gill, Frank
680:Baluchistan
664:Kanyakumari
648:Baluchistan
594:(Kannada),
588:(Marathi),
521:Description
2587:Categories
2530:Q107055531
2498:Xeno-canto
2151:29(7–8):7.
2086:31(5–6):1.
1946:Our Nature
1929:(11): 3–5.
1904:(1–2): 15.
1863:Vet. Arhiv
1244:. Mumbai:
1238:Ali, Salim
1226:: 406–407.
820:References
801:In culture
764:A juvenile
725:eggs from
624:(Telugu),
600:(Sindhi),
405:subspecies
2058:cite book
1952:: 37–41.
1404:(2): 5–6.
1379:(2): 414.
1300:(8): 5–6.
1275:(3): 120.
1010:enluminés
652:Sri Lanka
627:aal-kaati
615:balighora
582:(Hindi),
569:abnormal
567:Leucistic
514:Sri Lanka
384:in 1760.
343:used the
286:or large
185:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
2598:Vanellus
2524:Wikidata
2425:22694013
2399:10931426
2285:22694013
2280:BirdLife
2211:Wikidata
2098:5(9):10.
2002:30993906
1836:13912529
1793:37208401
1785:13346051
1662:: 57–64.
1571:(Bodd.)"
1481:(1): 13.
1240:(1996).
1194:60359701
1067:(1760).
1047:(1760).
1006:(1783).
950:(1781).
700:pyriform
684:Pakistan
656:Pakistan
597:tateehar
591:tittibha
571:plumages
496:Thailand
416:Laubmann
386:Vanellus
377:Vanellus
366:such as
315:Taxonomy
240:Synonyms
217:Boddaert
178:Vanellus
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
2570:1443799
2557:4408590
2490:1443796
2464:1443796
2438:1003845
2373:5229131
2334:rewlap1
2308:rewlap1
2267:Avibase
2217:Q752398
2116:(4): 9.
1844:9487751
1506:(1): 9.
1421:Bodd.)"
1130:26 June
1094:, 398.
676:migrate
668:Kashmir
609:hatatut
579:titahri
538:aigneri
398:indicus
388:is the
331:in the
323:in his
284:lapwing
219:, 1783)
173:Genus:
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
2477:704464
2412:176489
2355:EURING
2298:113619
2254:ARKive
2000:
1842:
1834:
1791:
1783:
1635:: 242.
1192:
1182:
1098:
794:snails
682:or NW
660:Indian
603:titodi
585:titawi
542:lankae
531:wattle
527:waders
478:Turkey
442:Jerdon
364:genera
354:. The
288:plover
2565:WoRMS
2544:16010
2539:EUNIS
2485:WoRMS
2451:73012
2394:IRMNG
2360:35820
2347:16011
2342:EUNIS
2329:eBird
2321:7FFJ3
2305:BOW:
1998:S2CID
1978:(PDF)
1840:S2CID
1789:S2CID
1656:Stilt
889:–649.
672:Nepal
642:, SW
536:Race
432:Koelz
394:vanus
292:wader
61:Calls
2552:GBIF
2459:OBIS
2433:NCBI
2420:IUCN
2407:ITIS
2386:4871
2368:GBIF
2293:BOLD
2064:link
1832:PMID
1781:PMID
1548:Pavo
1190:OCLC
1180:ISBN
1132:2019
1096:ISBN
849:2016
788:Diet
727:MHNT
644:Iran
640:Iraq
370:and
290:, a
272:The
147:Aves
2316:CoL
2241:ADW
1990:doi
1954:doi
1871:doi
1824:doi
1773:doi
1713:doi
1709:116
1546:".
1092:204
887:648
853:doi
360:Goa
358:is
302:or
2589::
2567::
2554::
2541::
2526::
2500::
2487::
2474::
2461::
2448::
2435::
2422::
2409::
2396::
2383::
2370::
2357::
2344::
2331::
2318::
2295::
2282::
2269::
2256::
2243::
2228::
2213::
2114:15
2112:.
2106:.
2060:}}
2056:{{
2033:97
2031:.
2027:.
1996:.
1984:.
1980:.
1948:.
1944:.
1927:14
1925:.
1919:.
1902:27
1900:.
1894:.
1867:87
1865:.
1861:.
1838:.
1830:.
1820:21
1818:.
1787:.
1779:.
1769:30
1767:.
1750:55
1748:.
1707:.
1689:89
1687:.
1681:.
1660:17
1658:.
1654:.
1633:86
1631:.
1627:.
1606:73
1604:.
1600:.
1579:58
1577:.
1573:.
1552:25
1550:.
1529:31
1527:.
1521:.
1504:18
1502:.
1496:.
1479:20
1477:.
1471:.
1454:31
1452:.
1446:.
1429:42
1427:.
1423:.
1402:15
1400:.
1394:.
1377:79
1375:.
1371:.
1369:)"
1350:82
1348:.
1344:.
1323:32
1321:.
1315:.
1298:12
1296:.
1290:.
1271:.
1224:94
1222:.
1218:.
1216:)"
1202:^
1188:.
1166:^
1140:^
1122:.
988:.
980:;
976:;
972:;
954:.
922:^
914:10
912:.
908:.
867:^
847:.
841:.
650:,
407::
2066:)
2004:.
1992::
1986:1
1962:.
1956::
1950:1
1879:.
1873::
1846:.
1826::
1795:.
1775::
1719:.
1715::
1652:"
1273:4
1248:/
1196:.
1134:.
1104:.
906:"
861:.
855::
839:"
835:"
670:/
440:(
430:(
414:(
276:(
215:(
92:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
