540:, indicating their choice by tapping on a site. This site could be a natural cavity, the wintering cavity used by the male, a cavity used the season before, a fence post, utility poles, or a dead tree. If the chosen site does not already have a nesting cavity, then both parents will drill out the nesting cavity, though the male will do most of the work. The chosen locations of these cavities are mostly in dead trees or utility poles between 2.45 and 24.5 m (8.0 and 80.4 ft) above the ground. In early May, the female lays four to seven white eggs, which are
279:
228:
49:
102:
77:
554:
cavity. The fledglings are proficient flyers, and most are able to feed and care for themselves without too much help from the parents. Most of the fledglings will disperse on their own within a couple of weeks, but if a fledgling is still in the territory after a few weeks the parents will chase them out to force them to disperse. Two broods can be raised in a single nesting season.
613:
areas that have been heavily altered by humans. Factors attributed to the red-headed woodpecker's decline include loss of overall habitat and, within habitats, loss of standing dead wood required for nest sites, limitations in food supply, and possible nest-site competition with other cavity nesters such as
European starlings or red-bellied woodpeckers.
590:
in 2004 after it appeared to have experienced a 65.5% decline in population over 40 years. From 1966 to 2015 there was a greater than 1.5% annual population decline throughout the
Mississippi and Ohio River valleys and central Florida. Most of the decline in red-headed Woodpeckers can be attributed
553:
leaves the nest, the parents may start a second brood while still taking care of the fledglings from the first brood, though the first brood will not need as much care. This second brood may be raised in the same nesting cavity as the first, but it is common for the parents to make a fresh nesting
612:
The red-headed woodpecker was historically a common species in southern Canada and the east-central United States. Consistent long-term population declines have resulted in red-headed woodpecker's threatened status in Canada and several states in the US. Throughout most of its range, it inhabits
440:
These are mid-sized woodpeckers. Both sexes measure from 19 to 25 cm (7.5 to 9.8 in) in length, with a wingspan of 42.5 cm (16.7 in). They weigh from 56 to 97 g (2.0 to 3.4 oz), with an average of 76 g (2.7 oz). Each wing measures 12.7โ15 cm
1501:
896:
Fauna boreali-americana, or, The zoology of the northern parts of
British America : containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N.: Part 2, The
1323:
Ontario
Partners in Flight. (2008). Ontario Landbird Conservation Plan: Lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Plain, North American Bird Conservation Region 13. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Bird Studies Canada, Environmental Canada. Draft Version
441:(5.0โ5.9 in); the tail measures 6.6โ8.5 cm (2.6โ3.3 in), the bill measures 2.1โ3 cm (0.83โ1.18 in) and the tarsus measures 1.9โ2.5 cm (0.75โ0.98 in). The maximum longevity in the wild is 9.9 years.
544:
for two weeks. The female incubates the eggs during the day and the male takes over at night. After hatching, the young are cared for by both parents. The young will stay in the nest until they are old enough to
343:; the red-bellied woodpecker is named for the pale reddish blush of its lower belly and has a distinctly patterned black and white back rather than the solid black one of the red-headed woodpecker.
437:. Adult males and females are identical in plumage. Juveniles have similar markings, but their heads are grey. Red-headed woodpeckers are entirely crimson above their shoulders.
703:
depicting a perched red-headed woodpecker. The stamp was discontinued at some time thereafter, but re-issued in 1999 and remained available for purchase until 2006.
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520:, and that they will remain paired for multiple breeding seasons. It is uncertain whether these relationships are truly monogamous as there have been reports of
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1930:
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Adults are distinctly tricolored, with a black back and tail, a white belly and rump, and a red head and neck. The wings are black with white secondary
1889:
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1314:. The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online, Ithaca.
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to the southern parts of the range to overwinter. Most will return to their breeding range by late April. Southern birds may not migrate.
1476:
1940:
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822:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
500:. They have been known to stuff food in tree cavities, crevices, and under tree bark. This keeps them well fed throughout the year.
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Increased habitat management is claimed to have helped in part in stabilizing its numbers, leading to its down-listing.
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1336:"Nesting phenology and competition for nest sites among Red-headed and Red-bellied Woodpeckers and European Starlings"
359:, which was published between 1729 and 1732. Catesby used the English name "The Red-headed Wood-pecker" and the Latin
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and drumming to attract a mate. Once the male has paired with a female, the relationship is believed to be mostly
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480:โeven the eggs of other birds. About two-thirds of its diet consists of plants. Red-headed woodpeckers keep food
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31:
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The title page gives the date as 1831 but the volume was not actually published until the following year.
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When in an established territory, the parents become very territorial. They have been known to destroy
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825:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 113.
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620:, only seven report the red-headed woodpecker in their area: Cabot Head, Ontario, on the
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401:
1016:"Avian longevities and their interpretation under evolutionary theories of senescence"
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966:(Second ed.). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 220.
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and eggs of other birds in their territory. Females choose the location of their new
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During the breeding season, a mature male red-headed woodpecker will establish a
1770:
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1359:"Influence of nest-site competition between European Starlings and woodpeckers"
878:. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 158.
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422:
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in 1832 specifically to accommodate the red-headed woodpecker. The species is
409:
297:
173:
163:
153:
1536:
1258:"Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus BBS Trend Map, 1966 - 2015"
962:
Porter, Eloise F.; James F. Parnell; Robert P. Teulings; Ricky Davis (2006).
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805:. Vol. 1. London: W. Innys and R. Manby. p. 20, Plate 20.
404:. The red-headed woodpecker is one of 24 species now placed in the
1633:
1358:
473:
405:
339:, which is similar in size but has a vibrant orange-red crown and
277:
1801:
1471:
1335:
355:
described and illustrated the red-headed woodpecker in his book
340:
143:
1511:
1461:
The Nature
Conservancy's Species Profile: Red-headed Woodpecker
802:
The
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
357:
The
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
717:
715:
773:"Red List: Northern Bald Ibis, Pink Pigeon making a comeback"
1046:
Winkler, Hans; Christie, David A. and Nurney, David (1995)
574:
The red-headed woodpecker was returned to a designation of
384:, citing Catesby's book. The specific epithet combines the
1306:
Smith, K. G., J. H. Withgott, and P. G. Rodewald. (2000).
335:
The red-headed woodpecker should not be confused with the
586:
of
Endangered Species in 2018, having been downgraded to
282:
Adult males and females are identical in size and plumage
1211:"A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio"
549:, which is usually after 27 to 31 days. After the first
377:. He included the red-headed woodpecker and coined the
1186:"Creature Feature: The Striking Red-headed Woodpecker"
656:; Kinosota/Leifur, Manitoba, on the northwest side of
1159:"Melanerpes erythrocephalus (red-headed woodpecker)"
648:; Port Franks Forested Dunes, Ontario, northeast of
413:, which was introduced by the English ornithologist
328:
of Endangered species, having been down-listed from
1864:
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747:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680810A131390783.en
1711:red-headed-woodpecker-melanerpes-erythrocephalus
1441:. Version of 2007-SEP-30. Retrieved 2008-FEB-14.
1416:USA Philatelic (2006). "Red-headed Woodpecker".
1380:Important Bird Area Canada, Site Catalogue Query
1457:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1283:"The Red-headed Woodpecker Doesn't Make Sense"
580:International Union for Conservation of Nature
322:International Union for Conservation of Nature
304:. Its breeding habitat is open country across
8:
840:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
484:. This behavior is only seen in three other
1508:
644:; Point Abino, Ontario, on Lake Erie near
226:
75:
47:
38:
1031:
745:
562:By late October, northern birds begin to
476:, berries, nuts, and occasionally small
1190:Forest Preserve District of Will County
711:
1392:"America's 1996 Stamps Program (1996)"
1014:Wasser, D. E.; Sherman, P. W. (2010).
636:Peninsula and Marshes, Ontario, along
1466:Red-headed Woodpecker Species Account
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930:. International Ornithologists' Union
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1908:8458B7BE-7BC4-4CD7-B370-AEE8CDF3C973
1482:A video of the Red Headed Woodpecker
1236:Ohio Ornithological Society (2004):
844:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
766:
764:
1931:IUCN Red List least concern species
1502:Red-headed Woodpecker photo gallery
1477:Enature.com โ Red-headed Woodpecker
733:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
363:. In 1758, the Swedish naturalist
25:
1262:Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
628:; Carden Plain, Ontario, east of
1033:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00671.x
928:IOC World Bird List Version 10.1
875:Check-List of Birds of the World
100:
889:Swainson, William John (1831).
722:BirdLife International (2018).
1472:Red-headed Woodpecker Recovery
1238:Annotated Ohio state checklist
599:for nesting cavities with the
1:
1489:"Red-headed Woodpecker media"
666:Riding Mountain National Park
468:The red-headed woodpecker is
392:, meaning "red", and ฮบฮตฯฮฑฮปฮฎ,
235:Approximate distribution map
1504:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1468:โ Cornell Lab of Ornithology
694:United States Postal Service
1961:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1977:
1941:Birds of the United States
1854:Melanerpes-erythrocephalus
1577:melanerpes-erythrocephalus
1552:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
1522:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
1454:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
1437:BirdHouses101.com (2007):
1310:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
836:Jobling, James A. (2010).
726:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
293:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
206:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
29:
1085:American Bird Conservancy
740:: e.T22680810A131390783.
472:, eating insects, seeds,
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97:Scientific classification
95:
73:
64:
55:
46:
41:
1494:Internet Bird Collection
1452:Red-headed Woodpecker -
1209:Henninger, W.F. (1906).
771:BirdLife International.
670:South Saskatchewan River
30:Not to be confused with
1956:Birds described in 1758
1308:Red-headed Woodpecker (
1122:"Red-headed Woodpecker"
1081:"Red-headed Woodpecker"
361:Picus capite toto rubro
351:The English naturalist
188:M. erythrocephalus
58:Rondeau Provincial Park
1951:Birds of North America
1357:Ingold, D. J. (1994).
1334:Ingold, D. J. (1989).
964:Birds of the Carolinas
498:red-bellied woodpecker
396:meaning "headed". The
337:red-bellied woodpecker
283:
42:Red-headed woodpecker
32:Red-bellied woodpecker
1866:Picus erythrocephalus
1836:Paleobiology Database
1815:red-headed-woodpecker
1698:red-headed-woodpecker
1439:Red-headed Woodpecker
999:Red-headed woodpecker
987:Red-headed Woodpecker
444:This species gives a
415:William John Swainson
382:Picus erythrocephalus
314:central United States
288:red-headed woodpecker
281:
267:Picus erythrocephalus
18:Red-headed Woodpecker
1163:Animal Diversity Web
1157:Axley, Elizabeth J.
1050:, Houghton Mifflin,
618:Important Bird Areas
616:Of the 600 Canadian
488:of woodpeckers: the
56:At a bird feeder in
1001:. biokids.umich.edu
624:side of the tip of
300:found in temperate
270:Linnaeus, 1758
67:Conservation status
1243:2004-07-18 at the
1020:Journal of Zoology
989:. All About Birds.
918:; Donsker, David;
455:on its territory.
284:
1918:
1917:
1823:Open Tree of Life
1514:Taxon identifiers
1056:978-0-395-72043-1
973:978-0-8078-5671-0
920:Rasmussen, Pamela
870:Peters, James Lee
855:978-1-4081-2501-4
604:European starling
316:. It is rated as
296:) is a mid-sized
276:
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252: Nonbreeding
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674:Empress, Alberta
668:; and along the
494:downy woodpecker
490:acorn woodpecker
464:Food and feeding
425:are recognized.
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246: Year-round
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642:London, Ontario
626:Bruce Peninsula
588:near threatened
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386:Classical Greek
370:Systema Naturae
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330:near threatened
306:southern Canada
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900:. p. 316.
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872:, ed. (1948).
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798:
797:Catesby, Mark
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398:type locality
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379:binomial name
376:
375:tenth edition
372:
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366:
365:Carl Linnaeus
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82:Least Concern
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1396:the original
1386:
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1291:. Retrieved
1289:. 2017-10-13
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1261:
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1189:
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1162:
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1128:. 2014-11-13
1125:
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1084:
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780:. Retrieved
776:
751:. Retrieved
737:
731:
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691:
682:Saskatchewan
678:Lancer Ferry
664:and east of
622:Georgian Bay
615:
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573:
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531:
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445:
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393:
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368:
367:updated his
360:
356:
353:Mark Catesby
350:
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292:
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287:
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266:
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205:
203:
187:
186:
174:
36:
1771:NatureServe
1719:iNaturalist
1546:Wikispecies
1226:(2): 47โ60.
916:Gill, Frank
753:12 November
696:issued a 2-
662:The Narrows
630:Lake Simcoe
597:competition
591:to loss of
446:tchur-tchur
429:Description
1936:Melanerpes
1925:Categories
1881:Q109578323
1849:Xeno-canto
1402:2006-01-31
1369:: 227โ241.
1346:: 209โ217.
1293:2022-03-02
1268:2019-05-24
1195:2022-03-02
1168:2022-03-02
1132:2022-03-02
1090:2022-03-02
1026:(2): 103.
782:2018-11-23
707:References
654:Lake Huron
634:Long Point
518:monogamous
512:and begin
496:, and the
470:omnivorous
423:subspecies
410:Melanerpes
298:woodpecker
175:Melanerpes
154:Piciformes
60:, Ontario
1484:- YouTube
660:south of
638:Lake Erie
582:(IUCN)'s
558:Migration
542:incubated
510:territory
419:monotypic
388:แผฯฯ
ฮธฯฯฯ,
332:in 2018.
324:(IUCN)'s
182:Species:
120:Kingdom:
114:Eukaryota
1875:Wikidata
1776:2.103539
1763:22680810
1737:10201327
1590:22680810
1585:BirdLife
1531:Wikidata
1424:(1): 31.
1241:Archived
819:(1758).
777:BirdLife
601:invasive
595:and the
584:Red List
522:polygyny
504:Breeding
459:Behavior
394:kephalos
390:eruthros
347:Taxonomy
326:Red List
308:and the
259:Synonyms
214:Linnaeus
160:Family:
134:Chordata
130:Phylum:
124:Animalia
110:Domain:
87:IUCN 3.1
1903:ZooBank
1895:8898581
1802:1484474
1688:2478130
1537:Q578174
1287:Audubon
1126:Audubon
893:(ed.).
593:habitat
578:on the
564:migrate
528:Nesting
514:calling
486:species
478:rodents
435:remiges
373:to its
320:on the
170:Genus:
164:Picidae
150:Order:
140:Class:
85: (
1841:129819
1828:800693
1789:279962
1750:178186
1695:GNAB:
1672:FEIS:
1660:EURING
1652:MLANER
1639:rehwoo
1613:rehwoo
1572:ARKive
1565:rehewo
1264:. USGS
1054:
970:
934:27 May
852:
650:Sarnia
570:Status
547:fledge
492:, the
482:caches
474:fruits
250:
244:
238:
1732:IRMNG
1724:18204
1634:eBird
1626:739DW
1610:BOW:
1603:10349
1214:(PDF)
897:Birds
672:from
640:near
551:brood
534:nests
451:or a
421:: no
406:genus
1890:GBIF
1810:ODNR
1797:OBIS
1784:NCBI
1758:IUCN
1745:ITIS
1683:GBIF
1675:meer
1665:8690
1647:EPPO
1598:BOLD
1324:2.0.
1052:ISBN
968:ISBN
936:2020
850:ISBN
755:2021
738:2018
698:cent
453:drum
449:call
341:nape
310:east
286:The
218:1758
144:Aves
1706:IBC
1621:CoL
1561:ABA
1367:106
1344:106
1340:Auk
1028:doi
1024:280
846:149
742:doi
680:in
676:to
652:on
524:.
400:is
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