529:, indicating their choice by tapping on a site. This site could be a natural cavity, the wintering cavity used by the male, a cavity used the season before, a fence post, utility poles, or a dead tree. If the chosen site does not already have a nesting cavity, then both parents will drill out the nesting cavity, though the male will do most of the work. The chosen locations of these cavities are mostly in dead trees or utility poles between 2.45 and 24.5 m (8.0 and 80.4 ft) above the ground. In early May, the female lays four to seven white eggs, which are
268:
217:
38:
91:
66:
543:
cavity. The fledglings are proficient flyers, and most are able to feed and care for themselves without too much help from the parents. Most of the fledglings will disperse on their own within a couple of weeks, but if a fledgling is still in the territory after a few weeks the parents will chase them out to force them to disperse. Two broods can be raised in a single nesting season.
602:
areas that have been heavily altered by humans. Factors attributed to the red-headed woodpecker's decline include loss of overall habitat and, within habitats, loss of standing dead wood required for nest sites, limitations in food supply, and possible nest-site competition with other cavity nesters such as
European starlings or red-bellied woodpeckers.
579:
in 2004 after it appeared to have experienced a 65.5% decline in population over 40 years. From 1966 to 2015 there was a greater than 1.5% annual population decline throughout the
Mississippi and Ohio River valleys and central Florida. Most of the decline in red-headed Woodpeckers can be attributed
542:
leaves the nest, the parents may start a second brood while still taking care of the fledglings from the first brood, though the first brood will not need as much care. This second brood may be raised in the same nesting cavity as the first, but it is common for the parents to make a fresh nesting
601:
The red-headed woodpecker was historically a common species in southern Canada and the east-central United States. Consistent long-term population declines have resulted in red-headed woodpecker's threatened status in Canada and several states in the US. Throughout most of its range, it inhabits
429:
These are mid-sized woodpeckers. Both sexes measure from 19 to 25 cm (7.5 to 9.8 in) in length, with a wingspan of 42.5 cm (16.7 in). They weigh from 56 to 97 g (2.0 to 3.4 oz), with an average of 76 g (2.7 oz). Each wing measures 12.7โ15 cm
1490:
885:
Fauna boreali-americana, or, The zoology of the northern parts of
British America : containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N.: Part 2, The
1312:
Ontario
Partners in Flight. (2008). Ontario Landbird Conservation Plan: Lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Plain, North American Bird Conservation Region 13. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Bird Studies Canada, Environmental Canada. Draft Version
430:(5.0โ5.9 in); the tail measures 6.6โ8.5 cm (2.6โ3.3 in), the bill measures 2.1โ3 cm (0.83โ1.18 in) and the tarsus measures 1.9โ2.5 cm (0.75โ0.98 in). The maximum longevity in the wild is 9.9 years.
533:
for two weeks. The female incubates the eggs during the day and the male takes over at night. After hatching, the young are cared for by both parents. The young will stay in the nest until they are old enough to
332:; the red-bellied woodpecker is named for the pale reddish blush of its lower belly and has a distinctly patterned black and white back rather than the solid black one of the red-headed woodpecker.
426:. Adult males and females are identical in plumage. Juveniles have similar markings, but their heads are grey. Red-headed woodpeckers are entirely crimson above their shoulders.
692:
depicting a perched red-headed woodpecker. The stamp was discontinued at some time thereafter, but re-issued in 1999 and remained available for purchase until 2006.
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509:, and that they will remain paired for multiple breeding seasons. It is uncertain whether these relationships are truly monogamous as there have been reports of
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1803:
1919:
422:
Adults are distinctly tricolored, with a black back and tail, a white belly and rump, and a red head and neck. The wings are black with white secondary
1878:
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1303:. The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online, Ithaca.
555:
to the southern parts of the range to overwinter. Most will return to their breeding range by late April. Southern birds may not migrate.
1465:
1929:
1694:
811:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
489:. They have been known to stuff food in tree cavities, crevices, and under tree bark. This keeps them well fed throughout the year.
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Increased habitat management is claimed to have helped in part in stabilizing its numbers, leading to its down-listing.
1586:
1325:"Nesting phenology and competition for nest sites among Red-headed and Red-bellied Woodpeckers and European Starlings"
348:, which was published between 1729 and 1732. Catesby used the English name "The Red-headed Wood-pecker" and the Latin
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90:
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and drumming to attract a mate. Once the male has paired with a female, the relationship is believed to be mostly
267:
469:โeven the eggs of other birds. About two-thirds of its diet consists of plants. Red-headed woodpeckers keep food
1934:
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46:
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20:
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The title page gives the date as 1831 but the volume was not actually published until the following year.
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When in an established territory, the parents become very territorial. They have been known to destroy
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814:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 113.
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609:, only seven report the red-headed woodpecker in their area: Cabot Head, Ontario, on the
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1427:
552:
390:
1005:"Avian longevities and their interpretation under evolutionary theories of senescence"
1913:
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955:(Second ed.). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 220.
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and eggs of other birds in their territory. Females choose the location of their new
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During the breeding season, a mature male red-headed woodpecker will establish a
1759:
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1534:
618:
526:
1368:
1348:"Influence of nest-site competition between European Starlings and woodpeckers"
867:. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 158.
1837:
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642:
411:
406:
in 1832 specifically to accommodate the red-headed woodpecker. The species is
398:
286:
162:
152:
142:
1525:
1247:"Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus BBS Trend Map, 1966 - 2015"
951:
Porter, Eloise F.; James F. Parnell; Robert P. Teulings; Ricky Davis (2006).
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794:. Vol. 1. London: W. Innys and R. Manby. p. 20, Plate 20.
393:. The red-headed woodpecker is one of 24 species now placed in the
1622:
1347:
462:
394:
328:, which is similar in size but has a vibrant orange-red crown and
266:
1790:
1460:
1324:
344:
described and illustrated the red-headed woodpecker in his book
329:
132:
1500:
1450:
The Nature
Conservancy's Species Profile: Red-headed Woodpecker
791:
The
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
346:
The
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
706:
704:
762:"Red List: Northern Bald Ibis, Pink Pigeon making a comeback"
1035:
Winkler, Hans; Christie, David A. and Nurney, David (1995)
563:
The red-headed woodpecker was returned to a designation of
373:, citing Catesby's book. The specific epithet combines the
1295:
Smith, K. G., J. H. Withgott, and P. G. Rodewald. (2000).
324:
The red-headed woodpecker should not be confused with the
575:
of
Endangered Species in 2018, having been downgraded to
271:
Adult males and females are identical in size and plumage
1200:"A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio"
538:, which is usually after 27 to 31 days. After the first
366:. He included the red-headed woodpecker and coined the
1175:"Creature Feature: The Striking Red-headed Woodpecker"
645:; Kinosota/Leifur, Manitoba, on the northwest side of
1148:"Melanerpes erythrocephalus (red-headed woodpecker)"
637:; Port Franks Forested Dunes, Ontario, northeast of
402:, which was introduced by the English ornithologist
317:
of Endangered species, having been down-listed from
1853:
1509:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
736:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680810A131390783.en
1700:red-headed-woodpecker-melanerpes-erythrocephalus
1430:. Version of 2007-SEP-30. Retrieved 2008-FEB-14.
1405:USA Philatelic (2006). "Red-headed Woodpecker".
1369:Important Bird Area Canada, Site Catalogue Query
1446:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1272:"The Red-headed Woodpecker Doesn't Make Sense"
569:International Union for Conservation of Nature
311:International Union for Conservation of Nature
293:. Its breeding habitat is open country across
8:
829:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
473:. This behavior is only seen in three other
1497:
633:; Point Abino, Ontario, on Lake Erie near
215:
64:
36:
27:
1020:
734:
551:By late October, northern birds begin to
465:, berries, nuts, and occasionally small
1179:Forest Preserve District of Will County
700:
1381:"America's 1996 Stamps Program (1996)"
1003:Wasser, D. E.; Sherman, P. W. (2010).
625:Peninsula and Marshes, Ontario, along
1455:Red-headed Woodpecker Species Account
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919:. International Ornithologists' Union
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7:
1897:8458B7BE-7BC4-4CD7-B370-AEE8CDF3C973
1471:A video of the Red Headed Woodpecker
1225:Ohio Ornithological Society (2004):
833:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
755:
753:
1920:IUCN Red List least concern species
1491:Red-headed Woodpecker photo gallery
1466:Enature.com โ Red-headed Woodpecker
722:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
352:. In 1758, the Swedish naturalist
14:
1251:Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
617:; Carden Plain, Ontario, east of
1022:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00671.x
917:IOC World Bird List Version 10.1
864:Check-List of Birds of the World
89:
878:Swainson, William John (1831).
711:BirdLife International (2018).
1461:Red-headed Woodpecker Recovery
1227:Annotated Ohio state checklist
588:for nesting cavities with the
1:
1478:"Red-headed Woodpecker media"
655:Riding Mountain National Park
457:The red-headed woodpecker is
381:, meaning "red", and ฮบฮตฯฮฑฮปฮฎ,
224:Approximate distribution map
1493:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1457:โ Cornell Lab of Ornithology
683:United States Postal Service
1950:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1966:
1930:Birds of the United States
1843:Melanerpes-erythrocephalus
1566:melanerpes-erythrocephalus
1541:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
1511:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
1443:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
1426:BirdHouses101.com (2007):
1299:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
825:Jobling, James A. (2010).
715:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
282:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
195:Melanerpes erythrocephalus
18:
1074:American Bird Conservancy
729:: e.T22680810A131390783.
461:, eating insects, seeds,
253:
246:
223:
214:
191:
184:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
44:
35:
30:
1483:Internet Bird Collection
1441:Red-headed Woodpecker -
1198:Henninger, W.F. (1906).
760:BirdLife International.
659:South Saskatchewan River
19:Not to be confused with
1945:Birds described in 1758
1297:Red-headed Woodpecker (
1111:"Red-headed Woodpecker"
1070:"Red-headed Woodpecker"
350:Picus capite toto rubro
340:The English naturalist
177:M. erythrocephalus
47:Rondeau Provincial Park
1940:Birds of North America
1346:Ingold, D. J. (1994).
1323:Ingold, D. J. (1989).
953:Birds of the Carolinas
487:red-bellied woodpecker
385:meaning "headed". The
326:red-bellied woodpecker
272:
31:Red-headed woodpecker
21:Red-bellied woodpecker
1855:Picus erythrocephalus
1825:Paleobiology Database
1804:red-headed-woodpecker
1687:red-headed-woodpecker
1428:Red-headed Woodpecker
988:Red-headed woodpecker
976:Red-headed Woodpecker
433:This species gives a
404:William John Swainson
371:Picus erythrocephalus
303:central United States
277:red-headed woodpecker
270:
256:Picus erythrocephalus
1152:Animal Diversity Web
1146:Axley, Elizabeth J.
1039:, Houghton Mifflin,
607:Important Bird Areas
605:Of the 600 Canadian
477:of woodpeckers: the
45:At a bird feeder in
990:. biokids.umich.edu
613:side of the tip of
289:found in temperate
259:Linnaeus, 1758
56:Conservation status
1232:2004-07-18 at the
1009:Journal of Zoology
978:. All About Birds.
907:; Donsker, David;
444:on its territory.
273:
1907:
1906:
1812:Open Tree of Life
1503:Taxon identifiers
1045:978-0-395-72043-1
962:978-0-8078-5671-0
909:Rasmussen, Pamela
859:Peters, James Lee
844:978-1-4081-2501-4
593:European starling
305:. It is rated as
285:) is a mid-sized
265:
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241: Nonbreeding
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1383:. Archived from
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880:Richardson, John
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708:
663:Empress, Alberta
657:; and along the
483:downy woodpecker
479:acorn woodpecker
453:Food and feeding
414:are recognized.
260:
240:
235: Year-round
234:
228:
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94:
93:
73:
68:
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40:
28:
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911:, eds. (2020).
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677:Popular culture
631:London, Ontario
615:Bruce Peninsula
577:near threatened
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375:Classical Greek
359:Systema Naturae
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319:near threatened
295:southern Canada
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16:Species of bird
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889:. p. 316.
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861:, ed. (1948).
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806:Linnaeus, Carl
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786:Catesby, Mark
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387:type locality
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368:binomial name
365:
364:tenth edition
361:
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354:Carl Linnaeus
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1278:. 2017-10-13
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1250:
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765:
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726:
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671:Saskatchewan
667:Lancer Ferry
653:and east of
611:Georgian Bay
604:
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550:
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382:
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356:updated his
349:
345:
342:Mark Catesby
339:
323:
281:
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276:
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194:
192:
176:
175:
163:
25:
1760:NatureServe
1708:iNaturalist
1535:Wikispecies
1215:(2): 47โ60.
905:Gill, Frank
742:12 November
685:issued a 2-
651:The Narrows
619:Lake Simcoe
586:competition
580:to loss of
435:tchur-tchur
418:Description
1925:Melanerpes
1914:Categories
1870:Q109578323
1838:Xeno-canto
1391:2006-01-31
1358:: 227โ241.
1335:: 209โ217.
1282:2022-03-02
1257:2019-05-24
1184:2022-03-02
1157:2022-03-02
1121:2022-03-02
1079:2022-03-02
1015:(2): 103.
771:2018-11-23
696:References
643:Lake Huron
623:Long Point
507:monogamous
501:and begin
485:, and the
459:omnivorous
412:subspecies
399:Melanerpes
287:woodpecker
164:Melanerpes
143:Piciformes
49:, Ontario
1473:- YouTube
649:south of
627:Lake Erie
571:(IUCN)'s
547:Migration
531:incubated
499:territory
408:monotypic
377:แผฯฯ
ฮธฯฯฯ,
321:in 2018.
313:(IUCN)'s
171:Species:
109:Kingdom:
103:Eukaryota
1864:Wikidata
1765:2.103539
1752:22680810
1726:10201327
1579:22680810
1574:BirdLife
1520:Wikidata
1413:(1): 31.
1230:Archived
808:(1758).
766:BirdLife
590:invasive
584:and the
573:Red List
511:polygyny
493:Breeding
448:Behavior
383:kephalos
379:eruthros
336:Taxonomy
315:Red List
297:and the
248:Synonyms
203:Linnaeus
149:Family:
123:Chordata
119:Phylum:
113:Animalia
99:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
1892:ZooBank
1884:8898581
1791:1484474
1677:2478130
1526:Q578174
1276:Audubon
1115:Audubon
882:(ed.).
582:habitat
567:on the
553:migrate
517:Nesting
503:calling
475:species
467:rodents
424:remiges
362:to its
309:on the
159:Genus:
153:Picidae
139:Order:
129:Class:
74: (
1830:129819
1817:800693
1778:279962
1739:178186
1684:GNAB:
1661:FEIS:
1649:EURING
1641:MLANER
1628:rehwoo
1602:rehwoo
1561:ARKive
1554:rehewo
1253:. USGS
1043:
959:
923:27 May
841:
639:Sarnia
559:Status
536:fledge
481:, the
471:caches
463:fruits
239:
233:
227:
1721:IRMNG
1713:18204
1623:eBird
1615:739DW
1599:BOW:
1592:10349
1203:(PDF)
886:Birds
661:from
629:near
540:brood
523:nests
440:or a
410:: no
395:genus
1879:GBIF
1799:ODNR
1786:OBIS
1773:NCBI
1747:IUCN
1734:ITIS
1672:GBIF
1664:meer
1654:8690
1636:EPPO
1587:BOLD
1313:2.0.
1041:ISBN
957:ISBN
925:2020
839:ISBN
744:2021
727:2018
687:cent
442:drum
438:call
330:nape
299:east
275:The
207:1758
133:Aves
1695:IBC
1610:CoL
1550:ABA
1356:106
1333:106
1329:Auk
1017:doi
1013:280
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669:in
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389:is
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23:.
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