719:
refurbishing it annually with sticks in the spring. The clutch size is typically three to four eggs. The blotchy-marked eggs, often brown to lavender in color, measure on average 54.5 mm × 43 mm (2.15 in × 1.69 in). The incubation period can range from 28 to 33 days. Hatching is asynchronous, with the first chick hatching up to a week before the last. The hatchlings, which weigh 35 g (1.2 oz) at first, are brooded almost constantly by the female for up to 40 days. Pairs that nest earlier in the breeding season tend to lay greater numbers of eggs and have higher productivity from those eggs. The male more often captures food but will also incubate and brood occasionally. The young leave the nest at about six weeks of age, but remain dependent on the parents until they are 17 to 19 weeks old. They may continue to roost near the nest site until the following breeding season. Breeding maturity is usually attained at 1 or 2 years of age.
887:
42:
494:
911:
852:). However, human activity, including logging, poisoning from insecticides and industrial pollutants, continue to loom as threats to the species. Before its use was outlawed in the United States, red-shouldered hawks and other raptors suffered from exposure to DDT, a pesticide. The DDT would cause their eggs to have thin, breakable shells, reducing their ability to reproduce. Accidental encounters with power lines and automobiles also take a toll on hawks. In spite of these dangers, habitat loss remains the biggest threat to red-shouldered hawks.
923:
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lines, migrating along inland ridges and coastlines. Larger numbers of red-shouldered hawks are counted at coastal watch sites than at inland sites. Juveniles often precede adults on migration in autumn, whereas adults precede juveniles in the spring. Red-shouldered hawks typically migrate alone, although they sometimes form small flocks of three or more birds. The species usually avoids crossing large bodies of water. While migrating, red-shouldered hawks are observed in soaring, gliding, and flapping flight.
959:
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increase of the red-tailed hawk, an occasional predator of its cousin. Additionally affecting the red-shouldered hawk was the greater availability of firearms in the early 1900s, leading to unchecked hunting of this and all other raptor species until conservation laws took effect in the latter half of the 20th century. Local forest regrowth and the ban of hunting has allowed red-shouldered hawk populations to become more stable again and the species is not currently considered conservation dependent. In
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788:, the main cause of nest failure was stated to be great horned owl predation. Many of the same predators sometimes compete over territory and food with this species. Despite their highly similar diet and habitat preferences, it has been found that red-shouldered hawks can nest within 48 m (157 ft) of a barred owl without interspecies conflict. In Florida, red-shouldered hawks sometimes collaborate and peaceably coexist with
507:
226:
79:
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can vary in mass from 460 to 930 g (1.01 to 2.05 lb). Among standard measurements, the wing bone is 28–35 cm (11–14 in) long, the tail is 16–24 cm (6.3–9.4 in) long and the tarsus is 7.5–9 cm (3.0–3.5 in). Adults have brownish heads, reddish chests, and pale bellies with reddish bars. Their tails, which are quite long by
677:, both of which being potential prey species, sometimes habitually imitate the call of the red-shouldered hawk and are known to be difficult to distinguish on voice alone. During winters, red-shouldered hawks sometimes habituate to preying on birds commonly found at bird feeders. In some areas where they are common,
839:
Prior to 1900, the red-shouldered hawk was one of the most common North
American raptors. Population densities have decreased precipitously due to the clearing of mature forests (principally the wet hardwood forest they prefer) since that time. The changing of habitats has led to a general population
517:
An eastern population ranges west through southern Canada from southern New
Brunswick and Ontario to the eastern edge of the U.S. Great Plains, south to Florida, the Gulf Coast, and eastern Mexico. Only northernmost populations are migratory. A western population breeds west of the Sierra Nevada from
722:
Although they have lived as long as within a month of 20 years old, few live half that long and only around half survive their first year. Each year overall nesting success can be lower than 30 percent. Early mortality can be due to natural causes, relating to harsh weather conditions, or more often
533:
A study of red-shouldered hawk home range and habitat use in southern
California found average home range of 1.2 square kilometres (0.46 sq mi) and showed fair adaptability to human-altered landscapes, which is important as riparian forest habitat has diminished by 98% from 1850 to 1977 in
521:
Eastern populations winter from southern
Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Ohio, and southern New England south to the Gulf Coast, occasionally throughout breeding range. In winter, they are reported south to Jalisco and Veracruz, Mexico. Western populations are largely nonmigratory. Throughout its winter range,
460:
Males are 38 to 58 cm (15 to 23 in) long and weigh on average 550 g (1.21 lb). Females are slightly larger at 47 to 61 cm (19 to 24 in) in length and a mean weight of 700 g (1.5 lb). The wingspan can range from 90 to 127 cm (35 to 50 in). Adult birds
545:
Red-shouldered hawks are forest raptors. In the east, they live in bottomland hardwood stands, flooded deciduous swamps, and upland mixed deciduous–conifer forests. They tend to live in stands with an open subcanopy, which makes hunting easier. They are not exclusively birds of deep forest, though;
718:
Red-shouldered hawks' mating season is between April and July, with activity usually peaking between April and mid-June. The breeding pair builds a stick nest (sometimes including shredded bark, leaves and green sprigs) in a major fork of a large tree. They often use the same nest year after year,
529:
In the east, individuals from the northern half of the species’ range are migratory. In the west, most populations are local. Red-shouldered hawks are short- to moderate-distance migrants, with most individuals traveling distances between 300 and 1,500 km each way. The species follows leading
604:
Red-shouldered hawks search for prey while perched on a treetop or soaring over woodlands. When they sight prey, they kill it by dropping directly onto it from the air. They may cache food near their nest for later consumption. When in clearings, they sometimes fly high and then drop to surprise
714:
occur on the breeding grounds, and involve soaring together in broad circles while calling, or soaring and diving toward one another. Males may also perform the "sky-dance" by soaring high in the air, and then making a series of steep dives, each followed by a wide spiral and rapid ascent. These
751:
can prey on eggs, hatchlings, fledglings and occasionally incubating and brooding adults. Non-nesting adults, being a fairly large and powerful predator, have fewer natural predators, but (both during and after the breeding season, as well as among nestlings) they may be preyed on by other
701:
and mixed wooded areas, often near water. They have been known to nest near residential areas and open water but this is much less common. Red-shouldered hawks select sites with greater tree species richness for nesting. Like almost all raptors, the red-shouldered hawk is
886:
1906:
735:, and various species of blood parasites. Humans, intentionally or unintentionally, are a threat to red-shouldered hawks, including hunting, collision with electric wires, road accidents and logging. A further common cause of mortality is natural predation.
546:
one can find red-shouldered hawks in some suburban areas where houses or other buildings are mixed into woodlands. In the west, they live in riparian and oak woodlands, and also in eucalyptus groves and some residential areas.
467:
standards, are marked with narrow white bars. Red "shoulders" are visible when the birds are perched. These hawks' upper parts are dark with pale spots and they have long yellow legs. Western birds may appear more red, while
490:. That species is larger and bulkier, with more even-sized, broad wings, and is paler underneath, with a reddish tail often apparent. The red-tail is also more likely to soar steadily, with wings in a slight dihedral.
525:
Eastern birds occasionally wander west (e.g., Colorado, Kansas, West Texas, Manitoba, North Dakota) in migration; western birds have strayed east to
Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, and Utah, and north to Washington.
2911:
482:-like flight style. In direct comparison, it is typically larger and longer proportioned than the broad-wing, though is slightly smaller and more slender than most other common North American
605:
prey. Red-shouldered hawks, like most raptors, have very good vision and reasonably good sense of hearing, with talons capable of killing animals as big as their own size. Small
910:
2906:
59:
518:
northern
California to northern Baja California, and has recently expanded into Oregon and Arizona, and east of the Sierra Nevada in California and southern Nevada.
472:
birds are generally paler. The wings of adults are more heavily barred on the upper side. Juvenile red-shouldered hawks are most likely to be confused with juvenile
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1912:
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58:
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41:
1444:
Peter H. Bloom; Michael D. McCrary; Marjorie J. Gibson (April 1993). "Red-Shouldered Hawk Home-Range and
Habitat Use in Southern California".
898:
576:
1242:
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1944:
1091:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1722:
King, J. C.; Dubay, S. A.; Huspeni, T. C.; Vanlanen, A. R.; Gerhold, R. W. (2010). "Parasite
Infections in Nestling Red-Shouldered Hawks (
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1501:
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575:
1388:
1165:
374:
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1006:
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970:
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792:(usually an enemy to all other birds because of their egg-hunting habits) so they cooperatively mob mutual predators, mainly
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can be important prey for this species. Unusual food items recorded for the species have included nocturnal animals such as
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2513:
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1998:
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493:
345:
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1191:
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King, J. C.; Dubay, S. A.; Woodford, J. E. (2011). "Distribution and nest site selection of red-shouldered hawks (
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844:, the red-shouldered hawk is perhaps the most commonly seen and heard raptor species (outside of abundant
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338:
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1154:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 364.
703:
682:
353:
311:
295:
68:
2731:
1683:"Nest Density, Productivity, and Habitat Selection of Red-Shouldered Hawks in a Contiguous Forest"
476:, but can be distinguished by their long tails, crescent-like wing markings, and a more flapping,
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2143:
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2043:
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98:
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1772:(Doctoral dissertation, State University of New York at Fredonia, 1984--Department of Biology.).
1562:"Correlation of Red-Shouldered Hawk Abundance and Macrohabitat Characteristics in Southern Ohio"
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2008:
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50:
1094:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 268.
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324:
155:
1890:
1861:
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892:
Tublo (or Tuplo), A Red-Shouldered Hawk, Shown Here At A Summer
Program In Harlem, 2023.
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412:
349:
287:
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2186:
2168:
2123:
2003:
1810:"Intergeneric hybridization of a vagrant Common Black Hawk and a Red-shouldered Hawk"
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845:
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and territorial. While courting or defending territories, the distinctive, screaming
662:
638:
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319:
299:
275:
88:
83:
1755:
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1667:
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1129:
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286:. It is a permanent resident throughout most of its range, though northern birds do
225:
2604:
2349:
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2251:
1089:
863:
781:
421:
333:
165:
17:
1383:. Illustrated by Kim Franklin, David Mead, & Philip Burton. Houghton Mifflin.
2630:
2591:
1626:
1170:"Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux"
1114:. Vol. 1, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 56, No. 36.
574:
57:
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1989:
436:
361:
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1957:
1896:
1826:
1809:
1199:
1145:
777:
761:
591:
535:
396:
279:
1770:
Breeding biology of broad-winged and red-shouldered hawks in western New York
2197:
2113:
808:
698:
633:
may locally be favored based on abundance. Slightly larger mammals, such as
478:
115:
1747:
2483:
2378:
1640:
Morrison, J. L.; McMillian, M.; Cohen, J. B. & Catlin, D. H. (2008).
678:
674:
642:
630:
135:
1922:
1699:
1682:
1536:"Behavior and Prey of Nesting Red-Shouldered Hawks in Southwestern Ohio"
2643:
2550:
2449:
1978:
1900:
1465:
841:
736:
646:
469:
1739:
415:, 1885 – central south Texas to North Carolina and north Florida (USA)
352:. Latham had described a preserved specimen from North America in the
2537:
1642:"Environmental correlates of nesting success in red-shouldered hawks"
740:
715:
courtship flights usually occur in late morning and early afternoon.
658:
634:
610:
606:
364:. The red-shouldered hawk is now placed with 27 other species in the
291:
283:
125:
2679:
2460:
1457:
1134:. Vol. 2. London: Printed by Henry Hughs. p. 206, No. 102.
2617:
1658:
710:
call (usually repeated three to four times) of this bird is heard.
2817:
2612:
2444:
2019:
1970:
1534:
C. R. Dykstra; J. L. Hays; M. M. Simon & F. B. Daniel (2003).
748:
650:
505:
492:
486:
species. This bird is sometimes also confused with the widespread
463:
447:
382:
369:
365:
329:
271:
175:
723:
starvation. Young hawks are often parasitized by species such as
1174:
Discours d'ouverture et de clôture du cours d'histoire naturelle
867:
654:
622:
614:
145:
2464:
1926:
344:. Gmelin based his account on the "barred-breasted buzzard" of
1982:(extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
1178:
Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.
556:
1579:
10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0652:corsha]2.0.co;2
328:. He placed it with the eagles, hawks and relatives in the
641:, are also occasionally preyed on. Other prey can include
356:
while
Pennant's specimen formed part of the collection of
1841:
The Raptors of Southwest Florida » Naples Daily News
916:
Red-shouldered hawk, scanning, East Hartford, Connecticut
439:, 1855 – south Oregon (USA) to Baja California (Mexico)
1843:. Naplesnews.com (206-05-16). Retrieved on 2012-12-19.
1681:
Woodford, J. E.; Eloranta, C. A.; Rinaldi, A. (2008).
582:
Woodbridge, Connecticut, April 2002. By Tony Phillips.
1200:"Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors"
697:
The breeding habitats of the red-shouldered hawk are
1560:
Daniel, F.; Dykstra, C.; Hays, J.; Simon M. (2001).
430:
Bishop, 1912 – south Texas (USA) to southeast Mexico
2912:
Native birds of the West Coast of the United States
2473:
2411:
2376:
2358:
2328:
2278:
2260:
2220:
2195:
2177:
2017:
1987:
1968:
1783:
Ecology of a nesting Red-shouldered Hawk population
1873:(with North American Range Map) at bird-stamps.org
1379:Ferguson-Lees, James; Christie, David A. (2001).
1064:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695883A93531542.en
424:, 1920 – south Florida and the Florida Keys (USA)
392:is Latin meaning "marked with lines" or "lined".
964:Kanapaha Botanical Gardens, Gainesville, Florida
1796:The American crow and the common raven (No. 10)
1605:) in forests of northeastern Wisconsin (USA)".
609:are typically the most common prey, especially
1867:– USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1938:
661:. They will attack birds up to the size of a
8:
1512:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Archived from
1227:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
497:Red-shouldered Hawk, Everglades Nat'l. Park.
510:A pair of red-shouldered hawks, painted by
2461:
1965:
1945:
1931:
1923:
952:Cloisters City Park, Morro Bay, California
224:
77:
40:
31:
2907:Native birds of the Eastern United States
1825:
1698:
1657:
1577:
1062:
1176:(in French). Paris: Plassan. p. 4.
1031:
904:Lighthouse Beach Park, Sanibel, Florida
882:
522:this species avoids higher elevations.
318:in his revised and expanded edition of
1434:. Hawk Mountain. Retrieved 2104-02-27.
1349:
1347:
589:
2882:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1318:
1316:
1298:. National Geographic. Archived from
1256:
1254:
1206:. International Ornithologists' Union
1186:
1184:
1148:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
452:Red-shouldered hawk taking flight at
282:and northern to northeastern-central
7:
1919:Hawk Mountain. Retrieved 2104-02-27.
1893:at Florida Museum of Natural History
1229:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
988:Avian Reconditioning Center, Florida
298:threat to the widespread species is
2872:IUCN Red List least concern species
1856:Red-shouldered hawk Species Account
1355:"Red-shouldered Hawk, Life History"
1050:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
406:(Gmelin, 1788) – east North America
348:and the "red shouldered falcon" of
274:. Its breeding range spans eastern
2667:red-shouldered-hawk-buteo-lineatus
1808:Moore S, Coulson JO (March 2020).
25:
1907:Red-shouldered hawk photo gallery
1798:. Texas A&M University Press.
1409:The Birds of North America Online
314:in 1788 by the German naturalist
1204:IOC World Bird List Version 12.2
1151:Check-List of Birds of the World
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
969:
957:
945:
933:
921:
909:
897:
885:
590:Problems playing this file? See
572:
102:
55:
1039:BirdLife International (2016).
928:Red-shouldered hawk with a kill
866:the red-shouldered hawk in his
373:that was introduced in 1799 by
2902:Native birds of Eastern Canada
1891:Red-shouldered hawk Bird Sound
1446:Journal of Wildlife Management
1012:Suburban Indianapolis, Indiana
1:
1785:. The Wilson Bulletin, 26–35.
1607:Forest Ecology and Management
1909:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1897:Video of red-shouldered hawk
1858:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1627:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.001
1510:Birds in Forested Landscapes
1361:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1166:Lacépède, Bernard Germain de
310:The red-shouldered hawk was
1999:Black-chested buzzard-eagle
1878:"Red-shouldered hawk media"
1726:) in Northeast Wisconsin".
1482:. Audubon. 13 November 2014
1480:"Red-shouldered Hawk: Diet"
1111:A General Synopsis of Birds
375:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
49:A red-shouldered hawk near
2928:
1814:Journal of Raptor Research
1687:Journal of Raptor Research
1543:Journal of Raptor Research
1225:Jobling, James A. (2010).
976:Palm Beach County, Florida
872:Ornithological Biographies
803:Red-shouldered hawks have
2440:
1964:
1827:10.3356/0892-1016-54.1.74
1000:Placer County, California
232:
223:
204:
197:
99:Scientific classification
97:
75:
66:
48:
39:
34:
1883:Internet Bird Collection
1273:. University of Michigan
1086:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
1057:: e.T22695883A93531542.
502:Distribution and habitat
2877:Birds described in 1788
1781:Stewart, R. E. (1949).
1768:Crocoll, S. T. (1984).
1728:Journal of Parasitology
829:Buteogallus anthracinus
316:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
278:and along the coast of
1862:Red-shouldered hawk –
1502:"Red-shouldered Hawk (
1324:"Red-shouldered Hawk (
1267:: red-shouldered hawk"
1198:, eds. (August 2022).
752:red-shouldered hawks,
689:and road-killed deer.
561:
514:
498:
457:
247: Year-round range
2805:Paleobiology Database
2388:Rufous-winged buzzard
1913:Red-shouldered hawk (
1428:Red-shouldered Hawk (
1405:"Red-shouldered hawk"
1292:"Red-Shouldered Hawk"
732:Protocalliphora avium
560:
509:
496:
451:
385:for a "buzzard". The
253: Wintering range
2064:Rough-legged buzzard
1381:Raptors of the World
1271:Animal Diversity Web
726:Trichomonas gallinae
683:eastern screech owls
667:ring-necked pheasant
290:, mostly to central
270:) is a medium-sized
241: Breeding range
35:Red-shouldered hawk
2784:red-shouldered-hawk
2654:red-shouldered-hawk
2393:Grasshopper buzzard
2270:Black-collared hawk
2104:White-throated hawk
2074:Red-shouldered hawk
2059:Long-legged buzzard
1794:Kilham, L. (1990).
1700:10.3356/JRR-07-44.1
1619:2011ForEM.261..169K
1296:Animals | Photo Ark
1261:Miller, S. (2000).
747:and large arboreal
568:Red-shouldered hawk
354:Leverian collection
262:red-shouldered hawk
69:Conservation status
18:Red-shouldered Hawk
2403:Grey-faced buzzard
2398:White-eyed buzzard
2320:Semiplumbeous hawk
2315:Slate-colored hawk
2154:Red-necked buzzard
2144:Madagascar buzzard
2129:Rufous-tailed hawk
2044:Cape Verde buzzard
1194:; Donsker, David;
861:John James Audubon
825:common black hawks
712:Courtship displays
657:, fish, and large
649:(especially small
562:
515:
512:John James Audubon
499:
474:broad-winged hawks
458:
454:Green Cay Wetlands
360:and had come from
312:formally described
2859:
2858:
2792:Open Tree of Life
2467:Taxon identifiers
2458:
2457:
2436:
2435:
2295:White-necked hawk
2290:White-browed hawk
2237:Common black hawk
2212:White-rumped hawk
2099:Short-tailed hawk
2094:White-rumped hawk
2079:Broad-winged hawk
2039:Himalayan buzzard
2009:White-tailed hawk
1740:10.1645/GE-2130.1
1244:978-1-4081-2501-4
1196:Rasmussen, Pamela
940:Dunwoody, Georgia
821:Buteo jamaicensis
794:great horned owls
770:peregrine falcons
766:american goshawks
754:great horned owls
577:
377:. The genus name
258:
257:
92:
60:
51:Blue Cypress Lake
16:(Redirected from
2919:
2852:
2851:
2839:
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2800:
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2787:
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2748:
2747:
2745:NHMSYS0001689433
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2559:
2558:
2556:EA4D6C0B76852200
2546:
2545:
2533:
2532:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2462:
2340:Grey-backed hawk
2300:Black-faced hawk
2247:Great black hawk
2242:Cuban black hawk
2232:Rufous crab hawk
2164:Archer's buzzard
2139:Mountain buzzard
2119:Zone-tailed hawk
2069:Ferruginous hawk
1966:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1887:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1540:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1441:
1435:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1332:Tpwd.state.tx.us
1320:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:on April 9, 2010
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1036:
1021:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
913:
901:
889:
817:red-tailed hawks
798:red-tailed hawks
758:red-tailed hawks
687:flying squirrels
600:Food and feeding
579:
578:
559:
399:are recognised:
387:specific epithet
252:
246:
240:
228:
210:
190:B. lineatus
107:
106:
86:
81:
80:
62:
61:
44:
32:
21:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2887:Birds of Mexico
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2743:
2738:
2730:
2725:
2717:
2712:
2704:
2699:
2691:
2686:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2660:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2629:
2624:
2616:
2611:
2603:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2469:
2459:
2454:
2432:
2407:
2372:
2354:
2324:
2274:
2256:
2216:
2191:
2173:
2084:Swainson's hawk
2054:Red-tailed hawk
2049:Socotra buzzard
2034:Eastern buzzard
2013:
1983:
1960:
1951:
1876:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1763:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1517:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1458:10.2307/3809422
1443:
1442:
1438:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1362:
1359:All About Birds
1353:
1352:
1345:
1336:
1334:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1126:Pennant, Thomas
1124:
1123:
1119:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1013:
1010:
1001:
998:
989:
986:
977:
974:
965:
962:
953:
950:
941:
938:
929:
926:
917:
914:
905:
902:
893:
890:
881:
858:
850:turkey vultures
837:
813:Buteo plagiatus
774:prairie falcons
695:
602:
597:
596:
588:
586:
585:
584:
583:
580:
573:
570:
563:
557:
552:
504:
488:red-tailed hawk
446:
358:Anna Blackburne
337:and coined the
325:Systema Naturae
308:
254:
250:
248:
244:
242:
238:
219:
212:
206:
193:
156:Accipitriformes
101:
93:
82:
78:
71:
56:
54:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2925:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:Buteo-lineatus
2840:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2788:
2775:
2762:
2749:
2736:
2723:
2710:
2697:
2684:
2671:
2658:
2648:
2635:
2622:
2609:
2596:
2586:
2573:
2560:
2547:
2543:buteo-lineatus
2534:
2530:Buteo_lineatus
2521:
2510:
2505:Buteo lineatus
2495:
2479:
2477:
2475:Buteo lineatus
2471:
2470:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2428:Solitary eagle
2425:
2419:
2417:
2414:Harpyhaliaetus
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2368:Lizard buzzard
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2305:Plumbeous hawk
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:Jackal buzzard
2156:
2151:
2149:Upland buzzard
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:Forest buzzard
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:Galapagos hawk
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Ridgway's hawk
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Common buzzard
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1915:Buteo lineatus
1910:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1874:
1868:
1864:Buteo lineatus
1859:
1851:
1850:External links
1848:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1800:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1734:(3): 535–540.
1724:Buteo lineatus
1714:
1673:
1659:10.1650/8374.1
1652:(3): 648–657.
1632:
1613:(1): 169–177.
1603:Buteo lineatus
1593:
1572:(3): 652–656.
1552:
1526:
1504:Buteo lineatus
1493:
1471:
1452:(2): 258–265.
1436:
1430:Buteo lineatus
1420:
1396:
1389:
1371:
1343:
1326:Buteo lineatus
1312:
1283:
1265:Buteo lineatus
1250:
1243:
1217:
1180:
1157:
1137:
1131:Arctic Zoology
1117:
1097:
1077:
1043:Buteo lineatus
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1004:
1002:
999:
992:
990:
987:
980:
978:
975:
968:
966:
963:
956:
954:
951:
944:
942:
939:
932:
930:
927:
920:
918:
915:
908:
906:
903:
896:
894:
891:
884:
880:
877:
857:
854:
836:
833:
790:American crows
694:
691:
671:Steller's jays
639:tree squirrels
601:
598:
587:
581:
571:
566:
565:
564:
555:
554:
553:
551:
548:
540:Central Valley
503:
500:
445:
442:
441:
440:
431:
425:
416:
407:
404:B. l. lineatus
350:Thomas Pennant
342:Falco lineatus
307:
304:
267:Buteo lineatus
256:
255:
249:
243:
237:
230:
229:
221:
220:
213:
208:Buteo lineatus
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
95:
94:
76:
73:
72:
67:
64:
63:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2924:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Birds of prey
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Harris's hawk
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2187:Roadside hawk
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2169:Augur buzzard
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Hawaiian hawk
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:Variable hawk
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1549:(3): 237–246.
1548:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1516:on 2012-07-02
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1494:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1390:0-618-12762-3
1386:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
984:
979:
972:
967:
960:
955:
948:
943:
936:
931:
924:
919:
912:
907:
900:
895:
888:
883:
878:
876:
874:
873:
869:
865:
862:
855:
853:
851:
847:
843:
834:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:. In western
783:
782:golden eagles
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
727:
720:
716:
713:
709:
705:
700:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:ruffed grouse
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
599:
595:
593:
569:
549:
547:
543:
541:
537:
531:
527:
523:
519:
513:
508:
501:
495:
491:
489:
485:
481:
480:
475:
471:
466:
465:
455:
450:
443:
438:
435:
434:B. l. elegans
432:
429:
428:B. l. texanus
426:
423:
420:
419:B. l. extimus
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
401:
400:
398:
393:
391:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
339:binomial name
336:
335:
331:
327:
326:
321:
320:Carl Linnaeus
317:
313:
305:
303:
301:
300:deforestation
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:North America
273:
269:
268:
263:
236:
231:
227:
222:
217:
211:
209:
203:
200:
199:Binomial name
196:
192:
191:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
96:
90:
85:
84:Least Concern
74:
70:
65:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2474:
2412:
2377:
2359:
2350:Mantled hawk
2329:
2281:Leucopternis
2279:
2261:
2252:Savanna hawk
2221:
2196:
2178:
2073:
2018:
1988:
1977:
1969:
1914:
1881:
1863:
1836:
1820:(1): 74–80.
1817:
1813:
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166:Accipitridae
29:
2766:Neotropical
2727:NatureServe
2675:iNaturalist
2499:Wikispecies
2423:Chaco eagle
2310:Barred hawk
2223:Buteogallus
1990:Geranoaetus
1192:Gill, Frank
1146:Mayr, Ernst
1070:12 November
864:illustrated
762:barred owls
444:Description
362:Long Island
346:John Latham
294:. The main
235:B. lineatus
2866:Categories
2844:Xeno-canto
2360:Kaupifalco
2345:White hawk
2331:Pseudastur
2262:Busarellus
1958:Buteoninae
1646:The Condor
1566:The Condor
1520:2012-12-19
1414:2014-02-25
1365:2012-12-19
1337:2012-12-19
1306:2012-12-19
1277:2012-12-19
1210:7 December
1027:References
809:gray hawks
805:hybridized
704:monogamous
643:amphibians
592:media help
536:California
397:subspecies
280:California
2198:Parabuteo
2114:Gray hawk
1954:Subfamily
1693:(2): 79.
699:deciduous
675:blue jays
631:chipmunks
479:Accipiter
456:, Florida
233:Range of
184:Species:
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
53:, Florida
2818:Species+
2732:2.103156
2719:22695883
2693:10927143
2569:22695883
2564:BirdLife
2490:Q1052043
2484:Wikidata
2379:Butastur
2179:Rupornis
1756:22435847
1748:20557199
1709:86845274
1668:53646001
1588:84374965
1168:(1799).
1128:(1785).
1108:(1785).
1088:(1788).
786:New York
737:Raccoons
693:Breeding
679:crayfish
647:reptiles
550:Behavior
390:lineatus
306:Taxonomy
162:Family:
136:Chordata
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
89:IUCN 3.1
2644:2480529
2551:Avibase
2450:Buzzard
1979:Species
1901:YouTube
1615:Bibcode
1466:3809422
879:Gallery
842:Florida
745:fishers
741:martens
708:kee-aah
659:insects
635:rabbits
619:gophers
611:rodents
607:mammals
470:Florida
413:Ridgway
288:migrate
218:, 1788)
172:Genus:
152:Order:
142:Class:
87: (
2836:159368
2810:129166
2797:781301
2771:reshaw
2758:223475
2706:175359
2651:GNAB:
2626:EURING
2618:reshaw
2592:reshaw
2538:ARKive
2518:reshha
1871:Stamps
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1486:4 July
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856:In art
835:Status
823:) and
776:, and
749:snakes
651:snakes
437:Cassin
292:Mexico
284:Mexico
251:
245:
239:
216:Gmelin
2897:Buteo
2831:WoRMS
2688:IRMNG
2613:eBird
2605:5WTTW
2589:BOW:
2582:10314
2445:Eagle
2020:Buteo
1971:Genus
1899:from
1752:S2CID
1705:S2CID
1664:S2CID
1584:S2CID
1539:(PDF)
1462:JSTOR
846:black
807:with
655:birds
627:moles
615:Voles
484:Buteo
464:Buteo
422:Bangs
395:Five
383:Latin
379:Buteo
370:Buteo
366:genus
334:Falco
330:genus
272:buteo
177:Buteo
2823:6637
2779:ODNR
2753:NCBI
2714:IUCN
2701:ITIS
2680:5206
2639:GBIF
2631:2810
2577:BOLD
1744:PMID
1488:2018
1385:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1212:2022
1072:2021
1055:2016
868:book
848:and
796:and
780:and
778:bald
685:and
673:and
637:and
629:and
623:mice
260:The
146:Aves
2740:NBN
2662:IBC
2600:CoL
2525:ADW
2514:ABA
1822:doi
1736:doi
1695:doi
1654:doi
1650:109
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