391:. The Augustine Mound has similarities to the elaborate burial rites of the Adena culture of the Ohio Valley and contained materials that were not local including copper from Lake Superior area. Turnbull argues that the Red Bank people were part of a broad Northeastern pre-contact trade network. He also suggested that some Maritime people adopted aspects of the Adena culture and religion. Keenlyside claims that Adena culture peoples moved to Atlantic Canada. Ceramic fragments also found at Red Bank are illustrative of the ceramic technology in use by Maritime First Nations 2,500 to 3,000 years ago.
48:
55:
384:
it is only the resting place of members of the
Augustine family. While this is likely true, the mound was likely a community burial site, meaning that many of the oldest families of Metepenagiag have ancestors interred therein. Some feel the much more inclusive "Metepenagiag Mound" would better describe and honor those whose remains lie beneath the mound.
693:
365:"They'd make a fire and have some tea or a bit of something to eat, and Augustine's father would tell him of the history of this place. In times past, his father would say, Indians would celebrate here, building a fire in the centre of the mound and dancing around it. It was those Indians, his father said, who built the mound."
404:
The Oxbow "contains evidence of 3,000 years of Mi’kmaq history (from 1,000 BC to the present) on the north bank of the Little
Southwest Miramichi River at the head of tide. Annual flooding of the river bank has created a well-stratified site in which the cultural development through time is preserved
375:
The artifacts found at the site (the
Augustine Mound), and a second nearby site (the Oxbow site) demonstrated that Metepenagiag had been continuously inhabited for over 3000 years, and that the community enjoyed trading relationships with other First Nations communities, stretching as far west as the
383:
There has been some disagreement among residents concerning naming this important cultural and spiritual site, The
Augustine Mound. While it was Joe Mike Augustine who first brought attention to the ancient burial site, most residents were aware of its existence. The name also falsely suggests that
341:
Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation are located at the head of tide of the
Miramichi River. For thousands of years Mi’kmaq communities along New Brunswick’s northeastern shore lived near tidal estuaries where tidal saltwater flows inland and creates an ecosystem for "anadromous fish species such as salmon,
399:
In 1982, the nearby Oxbow archaeological site, located within the reserve land of the
Metepenagiag Mi’kmaq Nation on an oxbow bend of the Southwest Miramichi River, was also designated a National Historic Site of Canada for its role as "witness and record of 3000 years of continuous Mi’kmaq use of
433:
Although the Red Bank Band lands established by the New
Brunswick Order-in-Council in 1808 comprised 10,000 acres, settlers and squatters occupied almost all of allocated land by the late 1830s. Only the village at Red Bank and the back wood lots were left for the Band. Under the Specific Claims
428:
342:
sturgeon, gaspereau or alewife, striped bass, and eel, that seasonally move up the estuaries in large numbers." Some of these species spawned above the ‘head of tide’ and up the freshwater streams.
1083:
736:
357:. After reading a 1972 National Geographic article about an ancient burial mound in Arizona, Augustine recalled the mound where his father had taken him near his home. The mound was on the
967:
443:
345:
Although officially recognised in 1783, Metepenagiag has been home to a Mi'kmaq community for over 3000 years, making it the oldest continuously settled community in New
Brunswick.
47:
82:
960:
415:
Over 100 additional archaeological sites have been discovered in the area since 1975. Metepenagiaq First
Nations now has their Metepenagiag Heritage Park.
1093:
1088:
953:
473:
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Policy (2005), it was found that the 1895 alleged surrender of land was invalid and the
Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation negotiated for more land.
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in multiple layers of sediment. This deep stratigraphic development is virtually unique in Maritime Canada.
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Allen, Patricia Marlene (1982). "Ceramics From a Stratified Site in Northeastern New Brunswick".
671:
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330:
770:. Fredericton and Red Bank: Goose Lane Editions and Red Bank First Nation. Archived from
577:. Fredericton and Red Bank: Goose Lane Editions and Red Bank First Nation. Archived from
814:
992:
739:. Glimpses of Atlantic Canada’s Past. Gatineau, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization
455:
190:
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in New Brunswick, Canada on the other side of the Miramichi river from Sunny Corner.
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hunting trail that he and his father used regularly and they stopped to rest there.
635:. Unionville: Beaver Creek Pictures Red Bank First Nation. c. 1990. Archived from
945:
377:
324:
502:
The Oxbow Site : chronology and prehistory in northeastern New Brunswick
97:
84:
232:
508:. Anthropology (MA thesis). Saint John's, Newfoundland: Memorial University
839:
Turnbull, C. J. (1976). "The Augustine Site: a Mound from the Maritimes".
624:
615:
17:
633:"The Village of Thirty Centuries: A Story of a River, a People… and Time"
488:"The Oxbow Site: Chronology and Prehistory in Northeastern New Brunswick"
547:
Allen, Patricia Marlene (1987). "The 1984 Oxbow Archaeological Project".
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originally published in Revista de Arqueología Americana, no. 16, 1999.
358:
487:
885:
771:
636:
578:
258:
237:
860:"Oxbow National Historic Site of Canada, Red Bank Indian Reserve"
694:"2006 Aboriginal Population Profile: Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation"
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429:
List of historic places in Northumberland County, New Brunswick
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Evidence for the age of the community was revealed in 1972 by
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List of people from Northumberland County, New Brunswick
761:
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494:. 2. Fredericton: Historical Resources Administration.
717:
Maliseet & Micmac: First Nations of the Maritimes
674:. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
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Communities in Northumberland County, New Brunswick
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627:. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Civilization Archives.
618:. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Civilization Archives.
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387:In 1975 the Augustine Mound was designated as a
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768:"Metepenagiag: New Brunswick's Oldest Village"
696:. Indian and Northern Affairs. 15 January 2008
575:"Metepenagiag: New Brunswick's Oldest Village"
961:
910:. Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation. Archived from
884:. Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation. Archived from
719:. Sackville, New Brunswick: Tribune Printing.
8:
672:"Backgrounder - Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation"
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492:New Brunswick Manuscripts in Archaeology
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474:List of First Nations in New Brunswick
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206:39.07 km (15.09 sq mi)
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841:Archaeology of Eastern North America
469:List of communities in New Brunswick
625:"Song for When People Get Together"
452:- discoverer of the Augustine Mound
737:"Burial Mounds and Trade Networks"
458:- Native activist and former chief
315:(pronounced MET-EHH-PE-NAH-GHEE-AH
25:
998:Esgenoôpetitj (Burnt Church Band)
766:Allen, Patricia Marlene (1994).
573:Allen, Patricia Marlene (1994).
499:Allen, Patricia Marlene (1980).
486:Allen, Patricia Marlene (1981).
389:National Historic Site of Canada
53:
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1033:Madawaska Maliseet First Nation
1089:First Nations in New Brunswick
977:First Nations in New Brunswick
29:Place in New Brunswick, Canada
1:
882:"Metepenagiag Heritage Park"
815:"Joe Augustine - Footprints"
67:Location of Metepenagiag in
1094:Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq Nation
1038:Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq Nation
936:http://www.metepenagiag.org
670:AANDC (15 September 2010).
297:http://www.metepenagiag.ca/
61:Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation
36:Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation
1110:
441:
422:
176:Adam Augustine Diana Webb
735:David Keenlyside (1999).
302:
78:
41:
623:Augustine, John (1953).
614:Augustine, John (1953).
425:History of New Brunswick
1013:Elsipogtog First Nation
715:Leavitt, R. M. (1995).
941:http://www.metpark.ca/
908:"Metepenagiag Website"
813:Cheryl Petten (1995).
794:Cite journal requires
601:Cite journal requires
560:Cite journal requires
534:Cite journal requires
413:
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355:Joseph Mike Augustine
250: • Summer (
211:Lowest elevation
138:Northumberland County
98:46.93333°N 65.81667°W
214:0 m (0 ft)
165: • Council
103:46.93333; -65.81667
94: /
1023:Indian Island Band
1008:Eel River Bar Band
450:Joe Mike Augustine
224: • Total
203: • Total
157: • Chief
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182: • MLAs
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79:Coordinates:
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69:New Brunswick
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1058:Tobique Band
1037:
916:. Retrieved
912:the original
902:
890:. Retrieved
886:the original
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864:. Retrieved
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819:. Retrieved
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787:cite journal
776:. Retrieved
772:the original
741:. Retrieved
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637:the original
594:cite journal
583:. Retrieved
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527:cite journal
510:. Retrieved
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410:Parks Canada
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328:First Nation
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313:Metepenagiag
312:
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186:Jake Stewart
26:
337:Pre-history
304:Postal code
144:Established
101: /
1078:Categories
778:2007-09-17
655:References
646:2007-09-17
585:2007-09-17
423:See also:
400:the site".
378:Ohio River
219:Population
174:Kevin Levi
170:Roman Ward
152:Government
89:65°49′00″W
86:46°56′00″N
18:Red Bank 4
918:August 8,
892:August 8,
866:30 August
821:30 August
743:30 August
700:30 August
678:30 August
512:30 August
267:Area code
233:Time zone
160:Bill Ward
847:: 50–62.
463:See also
408:—
380:Valley.
368:—
321:Red Bank
123:Province
817:. AMMSA
419:History
359:caribou
325:Mi'kmaq
293:Website
114:Country
288:021I13
134:County
117:Canada
640:(VHS)
506:(PDF)
395:Oxbow
323:is a
306:span:
261:(ADT)
259:UTC-3
238:UTC-4
920:2008
894:2008
868:2013
858:PC.
823:2013
800:help
745:2013
702:2013
680:2013
607:help
566:help
540:help
514:2013
427:and
198:Area
193:(PC)
188:(PC)
147:1783
285:Map
283:NTS
276:428
272:506
252:DST
227:551
1080::
843:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
