166:
1333:
1799:
113:
2703:
2695:
36:
543:
2565:
1426:
531:
1765:
1568:
181:
2239:
1547:
1205:
196:
1464:, and display a small naval presence to the developing world. As the natural resources the Soviet Union needed were available on the Eurasian landmass, it did not need a navy to protect a large commercial fleet, as the western navies were configured to do. Later, countering seaborne nuclear delivery systems became another significant objective of the navy, and an impetus for expansion.
679:
843:
1787:
clearly much easier to find and attack. The USSR had entered the Second World War with more submarines than
Germany, but geography and the speed of the German attack precluded it from effectively using its more numerous fleet to its advantage. Because of its opinion that "quantity had a quality of its own" and at the insistence of Admiral of the Fleet
1960:
1517:
1872:, poor damage control, and quality-control issues during construction (particularly on the earlier submarines) were typical causes of accidents. On several occasions there were alleged collisions with American submarines. None of these, however, has been confirmed officially by the U.S. Navy. On 28 August 1976,
1676:
A distinctive feature of Soviet aircraft carriers has been their offensive missile armament (as well as long-range anti-aircraft warfare armament), again representing a fleet-defense operational concept, in distinction to the
Western emphasis on shore-strike missions from distant deployment. A second
2871:
Much of the equipment, which was commonly understood to be treaty limited (TLE) was declared to be part of the naval infantry. The Soviet argument was that the CFE excluded all naval forces, including its permanently land-based components. The Soviet
Government eventually became convinced that its
1794:
In some respects, including speed and reactor technology, Soviet submarines achieved unique successes, but for most of the era lagged their
Western counterparts in overall capability. In addition to their relatively high speeds and great operating depths they were difficult anti-submarine warfare
2549:
In the second half of the 1920s, the Naval
Aviation order of battle began to grow. It received new reconnaissance hydroplanes, bombers, and fighters. In the mid-1930s, the Soviets created the Naval Air Force in the Baltic Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet and the Soviet Pacific Fleet. The importance of
2875:
A proclamation of the Soviet government on 14 July 1991, which was later adopted by its successor states, provided that all "treaty-limited equipment" (tanks, artillery, and armored vehicles) assigned to naval infantry or coastal defense forces, would count against the total treaty entitlement.
1836:
are the world's largest submarines. While
Western navies assumed that the Soviet attack submarine force was designed for interception of NATO convoys, the Soviet leadership never prepared their submarines for such a mission. Over the years Soviet submarines suffered a number of accidents, most
1786:
Due to the Soviet Union's geographic position, submarines were considered the capital ships of the Navy. Submarines could penetrate attempts at blockade, either in the constrained waters of the Baltic and Black Seas or in the remote reaches of the USSR's western Arctic, while surface ships were
3950:
Fleet Flag-officer 2nd Rank from 17 January 1938, Admiral (June 1940), Admiral of the Fleet (February 1944), Rear
Admiral (1948), Admiral of the Fleet (1953), Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (March 1955), Vice-Admiral (February 1956), Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (1988,
1075:
proceeded, plans were made to expand the Soviet Navy into one of the most powerful in the world. Approved by the Labour and
Defence Council in 1926, the Naval Shipbuilding Program included plans to construct twelve submarines; the first six were to become known as the
1098:
In subsequent years, 133 submarines were built to designs developed during
Malinin's management. Additional developments included the formation of the Pacific Fleet in 1932 and the Northern Fleet in 1933. The forces were to be built around a core of powerful
2839:
Document on
Confidence and Security-Building Measures (CSBMs) were signed, Soviet data was presented under the so-called initial data exchange. This showed a rather sudden emergence of three so-called coastal defence divisions (including the
1648:(Eagle), whose stated purpose was to create an aircraft carrier capable of basing fixed-wing fighter aircraft in defense of the deployed fleet. The project was canceled during the planning stages when strategic priorities shifted once more.
1121:, and some more old minesweepers. The Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol included one battleship, three cruisers, one training cruiser, five destroyers, two patrol ships, and four minesweepers. The Northern Fleet operating from the shores of
2710:
In 1961, the Naval Infantry was re-formed and became one of the active combat services of the Navy. Each Fleet was assigned a Marine unit of regiment (and later brigade) size. The Naval Infantry received amphibious versions of standard
1050:
of 1921–1922, which limited the size and capabilities of the most powerful navies – British, American, Japanese, French, Italian. The greater part of the old fleet was sold by the Soviet government to post-war Germany for scrap.
1899:
and the end of the Cold War, the Soviet Navy, like other branches of Armed Forces, eventually lost some of its units to former Soviet Republics, and was left without funding. Some ships were transferred to former Soviet states:
4112:
1045:
As the country's attentions were largely directed internally, the Navy did not have much funding or training. An indicator of its reputation was that the Soviets were not invited to participate in negotiations for the
1058:
there remained only three much-neglected battleships, two cruisers, some ten destroyers, and a few submarines. Despite this state of affairs, the Baltic Fleet remained a significant naval formation, and the
2646:. The Naval Infantry conducted over 114 landings, most of which were carried out by platoons and companies. In general, however, Naval Infantry served as regular infantry, without any amphibious training.
2665:. During the war, five brigades and two battalions of naval infantry were awarded Guards status. Nine brigades and six battalions were awarded decorations, and many were given honorary titles. The title
2550:
naval aviation had grown significantly by 1938–1940, to become one of the main components of the Soviet Navy. By this time, the Soviets had created formations and units of the torpedo and bomb aviation.
891:" (anti-communist) opposing armies, and others simply resigned) and most of the sailors walked off and left their ships. Work stopped in the shipyards, where uncompleted ships deteriorated rapidly.
4373:
1509:
classes. By the 1970s, Soviet submarine technology was in some respects more advanced than in the West, and several of their submarine types were considered superior to their American rivals.
693:
4368:
1372:
aircraft in 1941. For the rest of the war, the non-submerged part of the ship remained in use as a grounded battery. Submarines, although suffering great losses due to German and Finnish
1478:, which were launched with great frequency during the immediate post-war years. Afterwards, through a combination of indigenous research and technology obtained through espionage from
1387:, but they helped defend naval bases and supply them while besieged, as well as later evacuating them. Heavy naval guns and sailors helped defend port cities during long sieges by
883:
in 1921. During the revolutionary period, Russian sailors deserted their ships at will and generally neglected their duties. The officers were dispersed (some were killed by the
1608:
The Soviet Navy still had the mission of confronting Western submarines, creating a need for large surface vessels to carry anti-submarine helicopters. During 1968 and 1969 the
1467:
The Soviet Navy was structured around submarines and small, maneuverable, tactical vessels. The Soviet shipbuilding program kept yards busy constructing submarines based upon
1399:
conducting Lend-Lease cargo shipping. In the Pacific Ocean, the Soviet Union was not at war with Japan before 1945, so some destroyers were transferred to the Northern Fleet.
4383:
1129:
was made up of three destroyers and three patrol ships, while the Pacific Fleet had two destroyers, transferred east in 1936, and six patrol ships assembled in the Far East.
2546:. The newborn Soviet Naval Air Force consisted of only 76 obsolete hydroplanes. Scanty and technically imperfect, it was mostly used for resupplying the ships and the army.
1362:
by minefields, where they participated with the anti-aircraft defence of the city and bombarded German positions. One example of Soviet resourcefulness was the battleship
906:(Communist) revolution entirely disrupted its personnel, with mass murders of officers; the ships were allowed to decay to unserviceability. At the end of April 1918,
4021:
1810:
technology. Acoustics was a particularly interesting type of information that the Soviets sought about the West's submarine-production methods, and the long-active
1932:
4139:
3296:
2832:
1781:
447:
1493:, while in the West such an approach would never have been considered tactically feasible. The Soviet Navy did also possess several very large and well-armed
171:
1572:
1332:
4090:
Sokolov, Alexei Nikolaevich (2012). ""Our Ambitious Plans": Soviet Shipbuilding Programs of the Post-war Decades, Part III: 1981–1990 and 1986–1995".
1653:
792:
1271:-class destroyers, some of the cruisers, and all the battleships), some modern ships built in the USSR and Europe (like the Italian-built destroyer
1791:, the Soviet Navy continued to operate many first-generation missile submarines, built in the early 1960s, until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
1756:
between Europe and North America, the primary role of these aircraft was to protect the Soviet mainland from attacks by U.S. carrier task forces.
1417:
As post-war spoils, the Soviets received several Italian and Japanese warships and much German naval engineering and architectural documentation.
1363:
1262:
In various stages of completion were another 219 vessels including 3 battleships, 2 heavy and 7 light cruisers, 45 destroyers, and 91 submarines.
457:
3965:
1136:
against Finland in 1939–1940, on the Baltic Sea. It was limited mainly to cruisers and battleships fighting artillery duels with Finnish forts.
4378:
4220:
4358:
3873:
3500:
3463:
1072:
1798:
402:
3795:
2740:
1681:) was under construction when the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991. Construction stopped and the ship was sold later, incomplete, to the
1406:
provided air support to naval and land operations involving the Soviet Navy. This service was responsible for the operation of shore-based
1007:, built 1900, whose crew joined the communist Bolsheviks. Sailors of the Baltic fleet supplied the fighting force of the Bolsheviks led by
761:
3525:
2680:
operations. Many members of the Naval Infantry were parachute trained, conducting more drops and successful parachute operations than the
1795:(ASW) targets to destroy because of their multiple compartments, their large reserve buoyancy, and especially their double-hulled design.
57:
1528:, which could bypass the need for any invasion to be over the Eurasian land mass. The flagship of the squadron was for a long period the
3707:
2761:
1117:
based at Leningrad, with two battleships, one training cruiser, eight destroyers including one destroyer leader, five patrol ships, two
219:
1716:
class and nuclear-powered. The project was terminated, and what little structure had been initiated in the building ways was scrapped.
1145:
745:
594:
231:
201:
1149:
4121:
4055:
4035:
3893:
3852:
3487:
1707:
1694:
1042:, installed as a temporary Russian revolutionary government, was less than service-ready during the interwar years of 1918 to 1941.
766:
79:
1039:
3676:
3301:
2857:
2200:
1690:
2864:), along with three artillery brigades/regiments, subordinate to the Soviet Navy, which had previously been unknown as such to
2841:
2218:
1609:
1278:
1100:
814:
112:
3000:
2986:
1597:
were seen as relatively unimportant and received little attention, as Moscow focused on a naval strategy designed to disrupt
3427:
1460:'Soviet Military Maritime Fleet'). After the war, the Soviets concluded that they needed a navy that could disrupt
3291:
2799:
2650:
2466:
1865:
1230:
957:
squadron had to withdraw, but before leaving they damaged all the remaining battleships and sank thirteen new submarines.
934:
785:
330:
225:
2722:
By 1989, the Naval Infantry numbered 18,000 marines, organized into a Marine Division and 4 independent Marine brigades;
1641:); they were designed to operate for fleet defense, primarily within range of land-based Soviet Naval Aviation aircraft.
3985:
2944:
2775:
2726:
2607:
2481:
1550:
1489:
of various sorts. Indeed, it became a feature of Soviet design to place large missiles onto relatively small, but fast,
941:
which ended the War, additional Russian ships were confiscated by the British. On 1 April 1919, during the ensuing
437:
431:
312:
2579:, about 350,000 Soviet sailors fought on land. At the beginning of the war, the navy had only one naval brigade in the
1395:
class, Type 7, and Type 7U) and smaller craft participated with the anti-aircraft and anti-submarine defence of Allied
1165:
in June 1941, initially millions of soldiers were captured, many sailors and naval guns were detached to reinforce the
2972:
2487:
2337:
2209:
1976:
1619:
1560:
1186:
938:
487:
1601:. Nonetheless, the Soviet navy pursued an aircraft carrier program as a way of matching stoking competition with the
50:
44:
4157:
4069:
Sokolov, Alexei Nikolaevich (2010). ""Our Ambitious Plans": Soviet Shipbuilding Programs of the Post-war Decades".
3775:
3260:
2658:
2475:
1749:
1598:
1461:
1088:
871:, which had been almost completely destroyed in the two Revolutions of 1917 (February and October/November) during
4363:
3306:
2712:
2256:
2242:
1498:
1126:
1077:
719:
117:
4213:
61:
4323:
4295:
3804:
3311:
2853:
2849:
2666:
2095:
2015:
1818:
1773:
1513:
1304:
1272:
778:
645:
339:
324:
318:
4309:
3013:
Fleet Admiral of the Soviet Union Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov (20 July 1951 – 5 January 1956), second term,
2702:
2694:
1158:
in the late 1930s. The naval share of the national armaments budget fell from 11.5% in 1941 to 6.6% in 1944.
4327:
3980:
3889:
3393:
3367:
2688:
2455:
2439:
2301:
2134:
2050:
2038:
1987:
1964:
1896:
1830:
1769:
1719:
In part to perform the functions usual to carrier-borne aircraft, the Soviet Navy deployed large numbers of
1689:, which inherited part of the old Soviet fleet after the break-up of the USSR. It was commissioned into the
1443:
1343:
1339:
1266:
1170:
1063:
Fleet also provided a basis for expansion. There also existed some thirty minor-waterways combat flotillas.
1047:
698:
511:
4206:
3450:
4272:
3536:
3158:
3145:
3122:
3020:(5 January 1956 – 8 December 1985), considered the officer most responsible for reforming the Soviet Navy,
2925:
2734:
2681:
2654:
2433:
2367:
2355:
2346:
2313:
2295:
2151:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2032:
1999:
1851:
1841:
1838:
1529:
1373:
1336:
1223:
1002:
846:
657:
621:
1806:
Their principal shortcomings were insufficient noise-damping (American boats were quieter) and primitive
397:
4193:
2509:
2445:
2361:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2128:
2071:
2026:
2005:
1993:
1859:
1856:
1822:
1741:
1725:
1403:
1198:
868:
806:
653:
617:
2564:
4353:
2388:
2157:
2122:
2083:
2044:
1947:
1877:
1847:
1753:
1319:
1178:
1174:
1162:
1107:
633:
351:
2744:
2406:
2400:
2307:
2280:
1943:
1928:
1811:
1764:
1567:
1504:
1455:
880:
670:
566:
364:
275:
2614:
The military situation demanded the deployment of large numbers of marines on land fronts, so the
542:
530:
4027:
3601:
3570:
3278:
3272:
3024:
2979:
2673:
2412:
2394:
2289:
2189:
1615:
1602:
1347:
1315:
1190:
1020:
1016:
860:
856:
826:
818:
578:
412:
387:
3792:
1425:
968:
967:
captured Crimea in 1919, it rescued and reconditioned a few units. At the end of the civil war,
4144:
3522:
3257:
Zozulya, Fyodor Vladimirovich (19 February 1958 – 25 May 1964), admiral, died on 21 April 1964.
1414:, catapult-launched and vessel-based planes, and land-based aircraft designated for naval use.
4299:
4174:
4117:
4099:
4078:
4051:
4031:
4009:
3869:
3848:
3496:
3459:
3199:
Alafuzov, Vladimir Antonovich (Wreed, July 1944 - April 1945), Vice Admiral, from 1944 Admiral
2937:
2515:
1826:
1645:
1521:
1027:. Some imperial vessels continued to serve after the revolution, albeit with different names.
980:
942:
876:
810:
724:
661:
649:
407:
392:
268:
3966:"A Tale of Two Fleets: A Russian Perspective on the 1973 Naval Standoff in the Mediterranean"
3263:(13 June 1964 – 1 July 1977), Vice Admiral, Admiral from 1965, Admiral of the Fleet from 1970
1154:
Building a Soviet fleet was a national priority, but many senior officers were killed in the
998:
The first ship of the revolutionary navy could be considered the rebellious Imperial Russian
593:(1945–1991). The Soviet Navy played a large role during the Cold War, either confronting the
4286:
3819:
3562:
3184:
Haller, Lev Mikhailovich (10 January 1938 – 23 October 1940), flagship of the 2nd rank fleet
3113:
Toshakov, Arkady Alexandrovich (31 August 1926 – 23 August 1927, vred until 29 October 1926)
2958:
2907:
2895:
2185:
2111:
2060:
1939:
1720:
1706:-class ship, the Soviet Navy began the construction of an improved aircraft carrier design,
1594:
1556:
1434:
1252:
1169:; these reassigned naval forces had especially significant roles on land in the battles for
637:
602:
493:
3793:
The Self-Designing High-Reliability Organization: Aircraft Carrier Flight Operations at Sea
2238:
1546:
4276:
4263:
4178:
4166:
4161:
3976:
3799:
3779:
3540:
3529:
3097:
3017:
2901:
2821:
2783:
1913:
1788:
1638:
1092:
625:
505:
481:
933:
The ships remaining in Sevastopol were captured by the Germans and then, after the later
4063:
Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programmes, 1935–1953
3699:
3620:
Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programmes, 1935–1953
3244:
Fokin, Vitaly Alekseevich (11 May 1953 – 16 March 1955), Vice Admiral, from 1953 Admiral
2805:. The latter could transport one infantry battalion with 40 armoured vehicles and their
4245:
3266:
3042:
2931:
2861:
2748:
2615:
2595:
2559:
2539:
2514:
The regular Soviet naval aviation units were created in 1918. They participated in the
1920:
1869:
1737:
1666:
1035:
1024:
1008:
927:
888:
610:
598:
499:
282:
3672:
1618:
were first deployed, succeeded by the first of four aircraft-carrying cruisers of the
867:
The Soviet Navy was based on a republican naval force formed from the remnants of the
4347:
3733:
3574:
3007:
2920:
Commanders-in-Chief of the Naval Forces of the USSR ("NaMorSi") (from 1 January 1924)
2806:
2677:
2231:
1924:
1905:
1733:
1369:
907:
586:
559:
4313:
4254:
4149:
3631:
Mark Harrison, "The Volume of Soviet Munitions Output, 1937–1945: A Reevaluation,"
2795:
2769:
2687:
The Naval Infantry was disbanded in 1947, with some units being transferred to the
2639:
2580:
2576:
2568:
1909:
1662:
1490:
1479:
1468:
1377:
1204:
1182:
1114:
1012:
992:
923:
822:
629:
574:
427:
345:
186:
3423:
3174:
Kalachev, Vladimir Petrovich (19 August 1937 – 3 February 1938), Captain 1st Rank
2594:
of 5–10 battalions, formed from surplus ships' crews. Five brigades were awarded
1482:
and the Western nations, the Soviets gradually improved their submarine designs.
1433:
In February 1946, the Red Fleet was renamed and became known as the Soviet Navy (
1368:, an ageing pre-World War I ship sunk at anchor in Kronstadt's harbour by German
4041:
3281:(30 December 1985 – 12 September 1992), Admiral, since 1989 Admiral of the Fleet
3231:
Eliseev, Ivan Dmitrievich (interim, 6 August 1952 – 10 March 1953), Vice Admiral
3212:
3187:
2845:
2730:
2716:
2497:
1670:
1524:. The squadron's main function was to prevent largescale naval ingress into the
1411:
1155:
1118:
972:
872:
711:
641:
606:
442:
1087:(formerly the Submarine Department, and still secret), under the leadership of
3566:
2951:
2817:
2779:
2662:
2635:
2631:
2543:
2535:
2523:
1563:
constituted an important component of the Soviet anti-submarine warfare system
1407:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1133:
1055:
976:
964:
954:
919:
899:
884:
582:
417:
294:
4103:
4082:
4013:
1197:
by minefields, but the submarines escaped. The surface fleet fought with the
4198:
2623:
2527:
2519:
2326:
1525:
1388:
1384:
1359:
1284:
1194:
1060:
911:
903:
895:
825:, with smaller parts becoming the basis for navies of the newly independent
678:
306:
4188:
3218:
Golovko, Arseny Grigorievich (19 February 1947 – 10 February 1950), Admiral
3193:
Alafuzov, Vladimir Antonovich (Wreed, July 1942 - March 1943), Rear Admiral
3171:
Stasevich, Pavel Grigorievich (20 March – 19 August 1937), Captain 1st Rank
1855:, both lost to fire, and the far more menacing nuclear reactor leak on the
3553:
Hill, Alexander (2007). "The birth of the Soviet Northern Fleet 1937–42".
3190:(23 October 1940 – 21 April 1945), Admiral, from 1944 Admiral of the Fleet
2816:
At 75 units, the Soviet Union had the world's largest inventory of combat
2583:, but began forming and training other battalions. These eventually were:
4183:
3241:
Eliseev, Ivan Dmitrievich (interim, 15 March – 11 May 1953), Vice Admiral
3202:
Kucherov, Stepan Grigorievich (21 April 1945 – 18 February 1946), Admiral
3196:
Stepanov, Georgy Andreevich (Wreed, March 1943 - July 1944), Vice Admiral
2791:
2765:
2422:
1881:
1802:
Overseas Facilities and Anchorages Used by Soviet Naval Forces, mid-1980s
1625:, in 1973. Both types were capable of operating ASW helicopters, and the
1583:
1288:
1166:
1122:
946:
706:
590:
562:
452:
300:
288:
17:
4154:
3772:
3605:
3589:
3228:
Golovko, Arseny Grigorievich (10 February 1950 – 6 August 1952), Admiral
1931:
in 2008. Most of the Ukrainian Navy ships were captured back during the
1837:
notably on several nuclear boats. The most famous incidents include the
1814:
spy ring may have made a major contribution to their knowledge of such.
842:
2755:
2591:
2377:
2269:
1730:
1686:
1494:
1486:
1355:
1106:. This building program was only in its initial stages by the time the
1023:
established after the earlier first revolution of February against the
999:
988:
984:
821:
inherited the largest part of the Soviet Navy and reformed it into the
421:
3847:, 4th ed., (1986), United States Naval Institute, Annapolis Maryland,
3094:
Dombrovsky, Alexey Vladimirovich (23 December 1923 – 17 December 1924)
4046:
3254:
Fokin, Vitaly Alekseevich (16 March 1955 – 19 February 1958), Admiral
3051:
Melentyev, Alexander Nikolaevich (11 September 1919 – 27 August 1921)
2966:
People's Commissars for the USSR Navy ("NarKom VMF USSR") (from 1938)
2915:
Commander-in-Chief's Assistant for Naval Affairs (from 27 August 1921
2836:
2627:
2619:
1630:
1475:
1396:
950:
915:
852:
3084:
Dombrovsky, Alexey Vladimirovich (27 August 1921 – 23 December 1923)
1959:
4113:
Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage
3153:
Head of the 1st Department of the Red Army Naval Forces Directorate
3074:
Dombrovsky, Alexey Vladimirovich (11 January 1921 – 27 August 1921)
3048:
Vecheslov, Vladimir Stepanovich (wreed, 22 May – 11 September 1919)
922:
naval base. The more effective ships were moved from Sevastopol to
636:, which was commanded separately. It also had a smaller force, the
4110:
Sontag, Sherry; Drew, Christopher; Drew, Annette Lawrence (1998).
2994:
Commanders-in-Chief of the Soviet Navy ("GlavKom VMF") (from 1943)
2828:) could off-load weapons and supplies during amphibious landings.
2701:
2693:
2643:
2563:
2531:
2237:
1958:
1807:
1797:
1763:
1682:
1651:
In 1981, the Soviet Navy ordered its first true aircraft carrier,
1579:
1566:
1545:
1331:
1203:
1019:
of November 1917 against the democratic provisional government of
841:
1295:), but the Soviet Navy received captured Romanian destroyers and
3915:
3802:." Rochlin, G. I.; La Porte, T. R.; Roberts, K. H. Footnote 39.
3740:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 69-315 WASHINGTON : 1976
3116:
Petrov, Mikhail Alexandrovich (23 August 1927 – 12 October 1930)
3027:(8 December 1985 – December 1991; CIS Navy through August 1992).
2865:
2518:, cooperating with the ships and the army during the combats at
1745:
1329:) in exchange for the Soviet part of the captured Italian navy.
961:
245:
4202:
3866:
Hunters and Killers: Volume 2: Anti-Submarine Warfare from 1943
3533:
3135:
Gorsky, Mikhail Emelyanovich (4 October 1932 – 20 January 1935)
1729:(AV-MF, or Naval Aviation service). Strategic bombers like the
3489:
Reforging European Security: From Confrontation To Cooperation
2831:
On 18 November 1990, on the eve of the Paris Summit where the
1593:
In the strategic planning laid by the Soviet strategists, the
926:
where, after an ultimatum from Germany, they were scuttled by
29:
4000:
Mawdsley, Evan (1990). "The Fate of Stalin's Naval Program".
3071:
Radzievsky, Boris Stepanovich (3 July 1920 – 11 January 1921)
1927:. The Georgian Navy was defeated by the Russian Navy at the
1265:
Included in the totals above are some pre-World War I ships (
3108:
Head of the Training Directorate of the UVMS of the Red Army
3103:
Blinov, Sergei Pavlovich (17 December 1924 – 31 August 1926)
3056:
Chief of Staff of the Commander of the Republic Naval Forces
1383:
In the Black Sea, many ships were damaged by minefields and
3700:"Красный Флот (Советский Военно-Морской Флот) 1943–1955 гг"
3424:"Soviet Military Power 1984 – Chapter III – Theater Forces"
3275:(16 December 1981 – 29 November 1985), Admiral of the Fleet
3215:(18 February 1946 – 19 February 1947), Admiral of the Fleet
1161:
When the Soviet Union entered the Second World War, during
3061:
Radzievsky, Boris Stepanovich (22 July 1919 – 3 July 1920)
2587:
6 naval infantry regiments (650 marines in two battalions)
1376:
actions, had a major role in the war at sea by disrupting
1358:'s capture, surface ships were blockaded in Leningrad and
4020:
Nilsen, Thomas; Kudrik, Igor; Nikitin, Aleksandr (1996).
3937:
3935:
3119:
Ludry, Ivan Martynovich (28 November 1930 – 9 March 1932)
2676:
in World War II contributed to the development of Soviet
1485:
The Soviets were quick to equip their surface fleet with
1391:. In the Arctic Ocean, Soviet Northern Fleet destroyers (
855:
against the provisional democratic Russian government of
3458:. Washington DC: Naval Institute Press. pp. i–iii.
1429:
Soviet Navy enlisted personnel stand at attention (1982)
851:
was unofficially the first Soviet Navy vessel, after it
616:
The Soviet Navy was divided into four major fleets: the
3140:
Head of the 2nd Directorate of the UVMS of the Red Army
3130:
Head of the 1st Directorate of the UVMS of the Red Army
2820:. In addition, many of the 2,500 vessels of the Soviet
2706:
Soviet Naval Infantrymen during a demonstration in 1990
1776:, an important platform for launching anti-ship strikes
1283:). During the war, many of the vessels on the slips in
1212:
The composition of the Soviet fleets in 1941 included:
971:, a White flotilla, moved south through the Black Sea,
3452:
Admiral Gorshkov: The Man Who Challenged the U.S. Navy
3269:(1 July 1977 – 18 November 1981), Admiral of the Fleet
4134:
3398:
3372:
3338:
2669:
was bestowed on 122 members of naval infantry units.
2649:
They conducted four major operations: two during the
1448:
4374:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1991
4189:
All Soviet Submarines – Complete Ship List (English)
3868:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 85–88.
1201:
defence of the city and bombarded German positions.
805:
The Soviet Navy was formed from the remnants of the
4171:
3161:(20 January 1935 – 5 March 1937), 1st rank flagship
2890:
Commanders of Naval Forces of the RSFSR ("KoMorSi")
537:
525:
520:
471:
466:
380:
370:
360:
251:
241:
212:
155:
140:
125:
96:
4184:All Soviet Warships – Complete Ship List (English)
1712:, which was to have been slightly larger than the
1659:Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov
1193:. The Baltic fleet was blockaded in Leningrad and
1091:, managed the submarine construction works at the
27:Maritime service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces
4369:Military units and formations established in 1918
3981:"The Cold War at Sea: An International Appraisal"
3661:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
3643:
3641:
3590:"The Soviet Union's Ocean-Going Fleet, 1935–1956"
1817:The Soviet Navy possessed numerous purpose-built
1140:World War II: The Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)
3588:Jürgen Rohwer; Mikhail Monakov (November 1996).
2833:Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty
3732:Congressional Research Service (October 1976).
3388:Рабоче-крестьянский Ккрасный флотРабо́че (РККФ)
3066:Chief of Staff of All Republic Maritime Forces
1933:annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
1299:small craft from the U.S., as well as the old
1113:By the end of 1937, the biggest fleet was the
573:, the Soviet Navy made up a large part of the
4214:
3386:
3360:
3350:'Military Maritime Fleet of the USSR'
3297:1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation
1782:1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation
1518:ru:5-я Средиземноморская эскадра кораблей ВМФ
1132:The Soviet Navy had some minor action in the
786:
581:in the event of a conflict with the opposing
448:1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation
102:
8:
1967:is the largest class of submarine ever built
1744:. Previously believed to be interceptors of
4038:. Chapter 8, "Nuclear submarine accidents".
3929:Military ranks were abolished in 1918–1935.
3345:
3166:Chief of Staff of the Red Army Naval Forces
1277:and the partially completed German cruiser
4384:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
4236:
4221:
4207:
4199:
4023:Report 2: 1996: The Russian Northern Fleet
3758:J.E. Moore, "The Modern Soviet Navy", in:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3449:Polmar, Norman; Brooks, Thomas A. (2019).
3100:(wreed, 17 December 1924 – 2 January 1925)
1916:. All three countries joined NATO in 2004.
793:
779:
677:
666:
111:
4194:Understanding Soviet naval developments.
3839:
3837:
3514:
3512:
3179:Chief of the Main Naval Staff of the Navy
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
4061:Rohwer, Jürgen, and Mikhail S. Monakov,
3996:(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1974)
3864:Polmar, Norman; Whitman, Edward (2016).
3651:(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1974)
3079:Chief of the Naval Staff of the Republic
1424:
644:and was followed by a larger fleet, the
43:This article includes a list of general
3486:Gottfried, Kurt; Bracken, Paul (2019).
3415:
3400:Raboche-krest'yansky krasny flot (RKKF)
3323:
3032:Chiefs of the General Staff of the Navy
1291:were destroyed (mainly by aircraft and
753:
737:
685:
669:
458:The attack on the Soviet naval presence
3964:Goldstein, Lyle; Zhukov, Yuri (2004).
3618:Jürgen Rohwer and Mikhail S. Monakov,
3555:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
3236:Chief of the General Staff of the Navy
2000:Project 667A (Yankee-class) submarines
1988:Project 941 (Typhoon-class) submarines
93:
3673:"Лидер "Ташкент" Черноморского Флота"
3430:from the original on 4 September 2015
3426:. Federation of American Scientists.
2975:(30 December 1937 – 5 November 1938),
2928:(22 November 1921 – 9 December 1924),
2910:(5 February 1920 – 22 November 1921).
2248:is a class of nuclear-powered warship
1994:Project 667B (Delta-class) submarines
1702:Soon after the launch of this second
1258:and a range of other smaller vessels.
1073:industrialization of the Soviet Union
1030:The Soviet Navy, established as the "
7:
4140:Admiral Gorshkov and the Soviet Navy
2961:(15 August 1937 – 30 December 1937).
2741:61st Kirkenes Naval Infantry Brigade
2006:Project 658 (Hotel-class) submarines
762:Military history of the Soviet Union
3249:Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy
3207:Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy
2934:(9 December 1924 – 23 August 1926),
2762:336th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade
1644:During the 1970s the Soviets began
1402:From the beginning of hostilities,
1222:59 destroyers (including 46 modern
918:and started to advance towards the
220:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3710:from the original on 14 July 2011.
3148:(4 October 1932 – 20 January 1935)
3016:Fleet Admiral of the Soviet Union
2982:(5 November 1938 – 20 March 1939),
2954:(10 July – 15 August 1937) Acting,
2904:(24 April 1919 – 5 February 1920),
2898:(15 October 1918 – 22 April 1919),
2872:position could not be maintained.
2794:, the Soviet Navy had over eighty
1083:. Beginning 4 November 1926,
746:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
595:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
232:Commonwealth of Independent States
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3894:United States Department of State
3890:"Collision with Soviet submarine"
3519:Periods of Activities (1926–1941)
3279:Makarov, Konstantin Valentinovich
3159:Panzerzhansky, Eduard Samuilovich
3146:Panzerzhansky, Eduard Samuilovich
3123:Panzerzhansky, Eduard Samuilovich
3010:(17 January 1947 – 20 July 1951),
2926:Eduard Samoilovich Pantserzhansky
2754:175th Naval Infantry Brigade, at
767:History of Russian military ranks
3679:from the original on 16 May 2006
3635:(1990) 50#3 pp. 569–589 at p 582
3594:The International History Review
3302:List of ships of the Soviet Navy
3223:Chief of the Naval General Staff
3037:Chief of the Naval General Staff
2947:(11 June 1931 – 15 August 1937),
2940:(23 August 1926 – 11 June 1931),
2880:Heads of the Soviet Naval Forces
2858:77th Guards Motor Rifle Division
2698:Soviet Naval Infantrymen in 1985
1677:carrier (pre-commissioning name
1032:Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet
541:
529:
403:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
194:
179:
164:
34:
3808:. Autumn, 1987, Vol. LI, No. 3.
3340:Voyenno-morskoy flot SSSR (VMF)
3273:Chernavin, Vladimir Nikolaevich
3045:(1 November 1917 – 22 May 1919)
3025:Vladimir Nikolayevich Chernavin
2813:ships has since been retired.)
2610:, formerly a Red Army formation
1726:Aviatsiya Voenno-Morskogo Flota
1110:forced its suspension in 1941.
898:Fleet fared no better than the
815:dissolution of the Soviet Union
3992:Gorshkov, Sergeĭ Georgievich.
3820:"Kamikazes: The Soviet Legacy"
3332:Военно-морской флот СССР (ВМФ)
3001:Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
2987:Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
2959:Mikhail Vladimirovich Viktorov
2885:Commanders of the Naval Forces
2715:, including tanks used by the
2618:contributed to the defense of
2112:conventional attack submarines
1971:In 1990, the Soviet Navy had:
1740:were deployed with high-speed
1573:Russian aircraft carrier
1450:Sovyetsky Voyenno-Morskoy Flot
1146:Baltic Sea campaigns (1939–45)
1040:Council of People's Commissars
995:coast, where it was interned.
754:History of the Soviet Military
538:Guards Red Banner naval ensign
1:
4379:1918 establishments in Russia
4255:Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet
3647:Sergeĭ Georgievich Gorshkov,
3292:Naval history of World War II
2908:Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Nemits
2651:Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
2482:Alligator-class landing ships
1829:and attack submarines; their
1748:supply convoys traveling the
1723:in a maritime role, with the
1691:People's Liberation Army Navy
1439:Советский Военно-Морской Флот
1150:Black Sea campaigns (1941–44)
935:Armistice of 11 November 1918
838:Russian Civil War (1917–1922)
331:conventional attack submarine
226:President of the Soviet Union
4359:Military of the Soviet Union
3986:Journal of Strategic Studies
3261:Sergeev, Nikolai Dmitrievich
2957:Fleet Flag-officer 1st Rank
2950:Fleet Flag-officer 2nd Rank
2945:Vladimir Mitrofanovich Orlov
2943:Fleet Flag-officer 1st Rank
2896:Vasili Mikhailovich Altfater
2776:810th Naval Infantry Brigade
2727:55th Naval Infantry Division
2682:Soviet Airborne Troops (VDV)
2608:55th Naval Infantry Division
2488:Polnocny-class landing ships
1977:ballistic missile submarines
738:Ranks of the Soviet Military
438:Soviet invasion of Manchuria
313:ballistic missile submarines
4287:Red Banner Caspian Flotilla
4047:Uncovering Soviet Disasters
3782:, accessed 16 February 2012
3762:, ed. R. Bonds (Corgi 1982)
3734:"Soviet Oceans Development"
3633:Journal of Economic History
3523:Online (Accessed 5/24/2008)
3399:
3373:
3339:
3267:Egorov, Georgy Mikhailovich
3125:(13 April – 4 October 1932)
3098:Stepanov, Georgy Andreevich
3018:Sergey Georgyevich Gorshkov
2980:Mikhail Petrovich Frinovsky
2973:Pyotr Alexandrovich Smirnov
2938:Romuald Adamovich Muklevich
2476:Ropucha-class landing ships
1449:
1067:Interwar period (1922–1941)
875:(1914–1918), the following
652:. The Soviet Navy included
632:Fleets, in addition to the
569:. Often referred to as the
4400:
4050:. New York: Random House.
3918:Military Balance 1991–1992
3738:94th Congress, 2nd session
3543:, Russia, Saint-Petersburg
3089:Chief of Staff of the RKKF
3043:Behrens, Evgeny Andreevich
2902:Yevgeny Andreyevich Berens
2557:
2507:
2222:-class helicopter carriers
1887:in the Mediterranean Sea.
1880:II) collided with frigate
1779:
1750:sea lines of communication
1683:People's Republic of China
1599:sea lines of communication
1582:, as seen patrolling with
1578:deployed off the coast of
1340:marines of the Soviet Navy
1143:
144:14 February 1992
4246:Red Banner Northern Fleet
4234:
4229:Fleets of the Soviet Navy
3567:10.1080/13518040308430560
3539:16 September 2007 at the
3387:
3361:
3331:
3307:List of Soviet navy flags
3008:Ivan Stepanovich Yumashev
2818:air-cushion assault craft
2713:Armoured fighting vehicle
2672:The Soviet experience in
2096:November-class submarines
2061:nuclear attack submarines
2016:cruise missile submarines
1819:guided missile submarines
1438:
1354:In the Baltic Sea, after
1208:Soviet souvenir naval cap
1071:During the 1930s, as the
110:
103:
101:
4273:Red Banner Pacific Fleet
4065:(Psychology Press, 2001)
3970:Naval War College Review
3845:Guide to the Soviet Navy
3824:Naval War College Review
3818:Tokarev, Maksim (2014).
3805:Naval War College Review
3773:5th Operational Squadron
3622:(Psychology Press, 2001)
3312:List of Russian admirals
3213:Isakov, Ivan Stepanovich
3188:Isakov, Ivan Stepanovich
2978:Army Commander 1st Rank
2971:Army Commissar 1st Rank
2932:Vyacheslav Ivanovich Zof
2854:Odessa Military District
2850:Baltic Military District
2667:Hero of the Soviet Union
2456:amphibious warfare ships
2440:Nanuchka-class corvettes
2302:Kresta II-class cruisers
2213:-class aircraft carriers
2135:Foxtrot-class submarines
2051:Juliett-class submarines
2039:Charlie-class submarines
1774:guided missile submarine
1663:Sukhoi Su-33 'Flanker-D'
1514:5th Operational Squadron
640:, which operated in the
340:amphibious warfare ships
325:nuclear attack submarine
319:cruise missile submarine
258:467,000 personnel (1984)
104:Военно-морской флот СССР
4177:21 January 2016 at the
4026:. Oslo/St. Petersburg:
3979:; Zhukov, Yuri. (2005)
3941:A naval rank from 1935.
3528:8 February 2008 at the
2952:Lev Mikhailovich Galler
2657:and one as part of the
2434:Parchim-class corvettes
2368:Kildin-class destroyers
2356:Kashin-class destroyers
2296:Kresta I-class cruisers
2204:-class aircraft carrier
2090:Victor-class submarines
2078:Sierra-class submarines
2033:Yankee Notch submarines
1965:Typhoon-class submarine
1897:dissolution of the USSR
1657:, subsequently renamed
1495:guided-missile cruisers
1048:Washington Naval Treaty
910:troops moved along the
699:Strategic Rocket Forces
64:more precise citations.
3994:Red Star Rising at Sea
3798:17 August 2000 at the
3649:Red Star Rising at Sea
2707:
2699:
2689:Coastal Defence Forces
2603:Numerous smaller units
2572:
2571:Soviet Marines uniform
2446:Grisha-class corvettes
2362:Kanin-class destroyers
2249:
2170:Bravo-class submarines
2164:India-class submarines
2152:Beluga-class submarine
2143:9 auxiliary submarines
2129:Tango-class submarines
2072:Akula-class submarines
2027:Oscar-class submarines
1968:
1864:, narrowly averted by
1839:Yankee-class submarine
1803:
1777:
1742:anti-shipping missiles
1590:
1564:
1430:
1351:
1209:
864:
563:uniform service branch
335:9 auxiliary submarines
4155:Flags & Streamers
4092:Warship International
4071:Warship International
4002:Warship International
2989:(from 27 April 1939).
2705:
2697:
2567:
2510:Soviet Naval Aviation
2504:Soviet Naval Aviation
2389:Krivak-class frigates
2260:-class battlecruisers
2241:
2176:Losos-class submarine
2123:Kilo-class submarines
2084:Alfa-class submarines
2045:Echo-class submarines
1962:
1857:Hotel-class submarine
1823:Oscar-class submarine
1801:
1770:Whiskey Twin Cylinder
1767:
1669:fighters, as well as
1570:
1549:
1542:Carriers and aviation
1428:
1404:Soviet Naval Aviation
1335:
1207:
1085:Technical Bureau Nº 4
879:(1917–1922), and the
869:Imperial Russian Navy
845:
807:Imperial Russian Navy
264:1,172 aircraft (1990)
4264:Red Banner Black Sea
4172:Russian Navy Weapons
4160:23 June 2022 at the
2803:-class landing ships
2470:-class landing ships
2407:Petya-class frigates
2401:Mirka-class frigates
2308:Kynda-class cruisers
2246:-class battlecruiser
2158:Lima-class submarine
2102:Yankee SSN submarine
1848:Mike-class submarine
1754:North Atlantic Ocean
1629:class also operated
1497:, like those of the
1421:Cold War (1945–1991)
1163:Operation Barbarossa
863:in October/November.
634:Leningrad Naval Base
352:Lun-class ekranoplan
3778:25 May 2013 at the
2852:, the 126th in the
2659:Landing at Moonsund
2413:Riga-class frigates
2395:Koni-class frigates
2290:Kara-class cruisers
2190:helicopter carriers
1929:battle off Abkhazia
1812:John Anthony Walker
1616:helicopter carriers
1380:in the Baltic Sea.
1350:, on 1 October 1945
1344:Soviet naval ensign
887:, some joined the "
881:Kronstadt rebellion
859:in the second 1917
671:Soviet Armed Forces
607:sphere of influence
567:Soviet Armed Forces
432:Great Patriotic War
365:Soviet Armed Forces
276:helicopter carriers
120:of the Soviet Union
4240:
4028:Bellona Foundation
3704:army.armor.kiev.ua
3534:SOE CDB ME "Rubin"
3003:(to January 1947),
2856:and seemingly the
2790:By the end of the
2708:
2700:
2674:amphibious warfare
2590:40 naval infantry
2573:
2250:
1969:
1825:, as well as many
1804:
1778:
1591:
1565:
1559:, and the rest of
1520:) operated in the
1431:
1352:
1316:United States Navy
1245:22 patrol vessels,
1242:269 torpedo boats,
1210:
1104:-class battleships
1021:Alexander Kerensky
1017:October Revolution
960:When the opposing
914:coast and entered
865:
861:Russian Revolution
857:Alexander Kerensky
827:post-Soviet states
819:Russian Federation
720:Air Defence Forces
579:strategic planning
413:Invasion of Poland
388:Russian Revolution
261:1,057 ships (1990)
4341:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4300:Mediterranean Sea
4145:Soviet Submarines
3975:Goldstein, Lyle;
3875:978-1-61251-897-8
3502:978-1-000-30934-8
3465:978-1-68247-332-0
3397:
3371:
3349:
3337:
2798:, as well as two
2655:Caucasus Campaign
2653:, one during the
2606:1 division – the
2516:Russian Civil War
2350:-class destroyers
2341:-class destroyers
2186:aircraft carriers
1827:ballistic missile
1738:Tu-22M 'Backfire'
1721:strategic bombers
1646:Project 1153 Orel
1595:aircraft carriers
1575:Admiral Kuznetsov
1522:Mediterranean Sea
1459:
1447:
1253:submarine chasers
981:Mediterranean Sea
943:Russian Civil War
877:Russian Civil War
811:Russian Civil War
803:
802:
662:Coastal Artillery
650:Mediterranean Sea
549:
548:
488:Nikolay Kuznetsov
408:Spanish Civil War
398:Polish–Soviet War
393:Russian Civil War
269:aircraft carriers
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4391:
4364:Disbanded navies
4237:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4200:
4107:
4086:
4017:
3989:. ISSN 0140-2390
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3930:
3927:
3921:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3896:. 29 August 1976
3886:
3880:
3879:
3861:
3855:
3841:
3832:
3831:
3815:
3809:
3789:
3783:
3769:
3763:
3760:Soviet War Power
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3729:
3712:
3711:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3669:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3645:
3636:
3629:
3623:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3550:
3544:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3494:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3457:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3336:romanized:
3335:
3333:
3328:
2758:(Northern Fleet)
2600:(Guards) status.
1940:Azerbaijani Navy
1661:, which carries
1557:aviation cruiser
1454:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1248:88 minesweepers,
975:straits and the
949:forces captured
795:
788:
781:
681:
667:
638:Caspian Flotilla
605:to maintain its
603:power projection
545:
533:
494:Aleksandr Nemits
200:
198:
197:
185:
183:
182:
175:
170:
168:
167:
151:
149:
136:
134:
115:
106:
105:
94:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4318:
4304:
4290:
4281:
4277:Soviet Far East
4267:
4258:
4249:
4230:
4227:
4179:Wayback Machine
4167:Warship Listing
4162:Wayback Machine
4131:
4089:
4068:
3999:
3977:John Hattendorf
3961:
3956:
3955:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3843:Norman Polmar,
3842:
3835:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3800:Wayback Machine
3790:
3786:
3780:Wayback Machine
3770:
3766:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3731:
3730:
3715:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3682:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3655:
3646:
3639:
3630:
3626:
3617:
3613:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3541:Wayback Machine
3530:Wayback Machine
3517:
3510:
3503:
3492:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3384:
3380:
3358:
3354:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3288:
3034:
2887:
2882:
2784:Black Sea Fleet
2562:
2556:
2512:
2506:
2317:-class cruisers
2284:-class cruisers
1957:
1914:Lithuanian Navy
1893:
1789:Sergey Gorshkov
1784:
1762:
1693:in 2012 as the
1639:Yak-38 'Forger'
1544:
1423:
1378:Axis navigation
1307:Royal Sovereign
1239:218 submarines,
1152:
1144:Main articles:
1142:
1108:German invasion
1093:Baltic Shipyard
1069:
969:Wrangel's fleet
908:Imperial German
840:
835:
799:
716:
552:
516:
506:Vasili Altfater
482:Sergey Gorshkov
473:
462:
356:
237:
208:
195:
193:
180:
178:
165:
163:
162:
147:
145:
132:
130:
121:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4397:
4395:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4346:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4321:
4319:
4307:
4305:
4293:
4291:
4284:
4282:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4259:
4252:
4250:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4169:
4164:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4130:
4129:External links
4127:
4126:
4125:
4108:
4098:(3): 245–269.
4087:
4077:(3): 191–256.
4066:
4059:
4039:
4018:
4008:(4): 400–405.
3997:
3990:
3973:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3943:
3931:
3922:
3907:
3881:
3874:
3856:
3833:
3810:
3784:
3771:Michael Holm,
3764:
3751:
3713:
3691:
3664:
3653:
3637:
3624:
3611:
3580:
3545:
3508:
3501:
3493:(google books)
3478:
3464:
3456:(google books)
3441:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3378:
3352:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3023:Fleet Admiral
3021:
3014:
3011:
3004:
2999:Fleet Admiral
2991:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2862:Northern Fleet
2822:merchant fleet
2809:. (One of the
2788:
2787:
2773:
2759:
2752:
2749:Northern Fleet
2738:
2616:Naval Infantry
2612:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2588:
2560:Soviet marines
2558:Main article:
2555:
2554:Soviet Marines
2552:
2540:Northern Dvina
2508:Main article:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2343:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2236:
2235:
2232:battlecruisers
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1936:
1921:Ukrainian Navy
1917:
1892:
1889:
1870:nuclear safety
1821:, such as the
1761:
1758:
1734:Tu-16 'Badger'
1543:
1540:
1533:-class cruiser
1422:
1419:
1374:anti-submarine
1260:
1259:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1220:
1217:
1216:3 battleships,
1141:
1138:
1102:Sovetsky Soyuz
1068:
1065:
1009:Vladimir Lenin
953:, the British
928:Vladimir Lenin
839:
836:
834:
831:
801:
800:
798:
797:
790:
783:
775:
772:
771:
770:
769:
764:
756:
755:
751:
750:
749:
748:
740:
739:
735:
734:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
715:
714:
709:
703:
701:
696:
688:
687:
683:
682:
674:
673:
658:Naval Infantry
654:Naval Aviation
611:eastern Europe
599:western Europe
550:
547:
546:
539:
535:
534:
527:
523:
522:
518:
517:
515:
514:
508:
504:Fleet Admiral
502:
500:Yevgeny Berens
496:
490:
486:Fleet Admiral
484:
480:Fleet Admiral
477:
475:
469:
468:
464:
463:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
425:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
384:
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
367:
362:
358:
357:
355:
354:
348:
342:
336:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
303:
297:
291:
285:
283:battlecruisers
279:
272:
265:
262:
259:
255:
253:
249:
248:
243:
239:
238:
236:
235:
229:
223:
216:
214:
210:
209:
207:
206:
190:
176:
159:
157:
153:
152:
142:
138:
137:
127:
123:
122:
116:
108:
107:
99:
98:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4396:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4310:Eight Eskadra
4306:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:Fifth Eskadra
4292:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4224:
4219:
4217:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4122:0-06-103004-X
4119:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4056:0-394-56095-7
4053:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:82-993138-5-6
4033:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3947:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3853:0-87021-240-0
3850:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3495:. Routledge.
3491:
3490:
3482:
3479:
3467:
3461:
3454:
3453:
3445:
3442:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3409:
3401:
3395:
3385:Russian:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3359:Russian:
3356:
3353:
3341:
3327:
3324:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:landing craft
2804:
2802:
2797:
2796:landing ships
2793:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:Pacific Fleet
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2678:combined arms
2675:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1938:Caspian Sea:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1925:Georgian Navy
1922:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1906:Estonian Navy
1903:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:. Inadequate
1867:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1673:helicopters.
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1491:missile boats
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:, long-range
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:Axis aviation
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:Junkers Ju 87
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1342:hoisting the
1341:
1338:
1337:Pacific Fleet
1334:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Soobrazitelny
1228:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:anti-aircraft
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:Western Front
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:
844:
837:
833:Early history
832:
830:
828:
824:
820:
817:in 1991, the
816:
812:
808:
796:
791:
789:
784:
782:
777:
776:
774:
773:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
758:
757:
752:
747:
744:
743:
742:
741:
736:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
700:
697:
695:
694:General Staff
692:
691:
690:
689:
684:
680:
676:
675:
672:
668:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:, during the
588:
587:United States
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:
560:naval warfare
557:
551:Military unit
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
513:
512:Ivan Yumashev
509:
507:
503:
501:
498:Vice Admiral
497:
495:
492:Vice Admiral
491:
489:
485:
483:
479:
478:
476:
470:
465:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
433:
429:
426:
423:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
383:
379:
376:
373:
369:
366:
363:
359:
353:
349:
347:
343:
341:
337:
334:
332:
328:
326:
322:
320:
316:
314:
310:
308:
304:
302:
298:
296:
292:
290:
286:
284:
280:
277:
273:
270:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
254:
250:
247:
244:
240:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
215:
211:
204:
203:
191:
188:
177:
173:
161:
160:
158:
154:
143:
139:
128:
124:
119:
114:
109:
100:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4324:17th Eskadra
4322:
4314:Indian Ocean
4308:
4294:
4285:
4271:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4135:Russian Navy
4111:
4095:
4091:
4074:
4070:
4062:
4045:
4042:Oberg, James
4022:
4005:
4001:
3993:
3984:
3969:
3959:Bibliography
3951:posthumous).
3946:
3925:
3914:
3910:
3898:. Retrieved
3884:
3865:
3859:
3844:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3803:
3787:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3737:
3703:
3694:
3683:30 September
3681:. Retrieved
3667:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3632:
3627:
3619:
3614:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3561:(2): 65–82.
3558:
3554:
3548:
3518:
3488:
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3451:
3444:
3432:. Retrieved
3418:
3381:
3374:Krasnyi flot
3362:Красный флот
3355:
3326:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3206:
3205:
3178:
3177:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3107:
3106:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3065:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3036:
3035:
2993:
2992:
2965:
2964:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2889:
2888:
2874:
2870:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2810:
2800:
2789:
2770:Baltic Fleet
2721:
2709:
2686:
2671:
2648:
2640:Novorossiysk
2613:
2596:
2581:Baltic fleet
2577:World War II
2574:
2569:World War II
2548:
2513:
2498:patrol boats
2467:
2347:
2338:
2314:
2281:
2257:
2243:
2219:
2210:
2201:
1970:
1948:Turkmen Navy
1910:Latvian Navy
1904:Baltic Sea:
1894:
1883:
1873:
1860:
1850:
1842:
1831:
1816:
1805:
1793:
1785:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1678:
1675:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1643:
1634:
1626:
1620:
1610:
1607:
1592:
1585:
1574:
1551:
1535:
1530:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1484:
1480:Nazi Germany
1473:Kriegsmarine
1472:
1469:World War II
1466:
1462:supply lines
1432:
1416:
1412:flying boats
1401:
1392:
1382:
1364:
1353:
1326:
1321:
1311:
1306:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1236:destroyers),
1231:
1224:
1211:
1183:Novorossiysk
1160:
1153:
1131:
1119:minesweepers
1115:Baltic Fleet
1112:
1101:
1097:
1089:B.M. Malinin
1084:
1078:
1070:
1053:
1044:
1034:" by a 1918
1031:
1029:
1013:Leon Trotsky
1003:
997:
993:North Africa
959:
932:
924:Novorossiysk
893:
866:
847:
823:Russian Navy
813:. After the
804:
729:
646:5th Squadron
615:
575:Soviet Union
570:
555:
553:
428:World War II
374:
361:Part of
346:patrol boats
222:(until 1990)
192:
187:Soviet Union
172:Russian SFSR
118:Naval ensign
91:
76:
67:
48:
4354:Soviet Navy
3920:, pp. 30–31
2731:Vladivostok
2717:Soviet Army
2542:and on the
2339:Sovremennyy
1944:Kazakh Navy
1919:Black Sea:
1866:her captain
1852:Komsomolets
1752:across the
1408:floatplanes
1389:Axis armies
1348:Port Arthur
1312:Arkhangelsk
1303:battleship
1156:Great Purge
1038:of the new
1015:during the
973:Dardanelles
873:World War I
809:during the
712:Soviet Army
642:Caspian Sea
556:Soviet Navy
443:Vietnam War
381:Engagements
371:Nickname(s)
234:(1991–1992)
228:(1990–1991)
205:(1991–1992)
189:(1922–1991)
174:(1918–1922)
97:Soviet Navy
62:introducing
4348:Categories
4116:. Harper.
3600:(4): 848.
3410:References
2801:Ivan Rogov
2780:Sevastopol
2636:Stalingrad
2632:Sevastopol
2544:Lake Onega
2536:Kama River
2524:Baltic Sea
2468:Ivan Rogov
2327:destroyers
1895:After the
1891:Transition
1846:, and the
1780:See also:
1760:Submarines
1633:aircraft (
1314:) and the
1301:Royal Navy
1297:Lend-Lease
1219:7 cruisers
1179:Stalingrad
1175:Sevastopol
1134:Winter War
1056:Baltic Sea
987:in French
977:Aegean Sea
965:White Army
955:Royal Navy
930:'s order.
920:Sevastopol
885:Red Terror
725:Air Forces
686:Components
660:, and the
583:superpower
526:Naval jack
474:commanders
467:Commanders
418:Winter War
295:destroyers
213:Allegiance
148:1992-02-14
45:references
4328:Indochina
4150:Red Fleet
4104:0043-0374
4083:0043-0374
4014:0043-0374
3689:reference
3575:143506251
3434:9 January
3394:romanized
3368:romanized
3330:Russian:
2860:with the
2661:, in the
2624:Leningrad
2528:Black Sea
2522:, on the
2520:Petrograd
2423:corvettes
2202:Kuznetsov
1955:Inventory
1882:USS
1714:Kuznetsov
1709:Ulyanovsk
1704:Kuznetsov
1603:U.S. Navy
1584:USS
1561:her class
1526:Black Sea
1444:romanized
1360:Kronstadt
1325:(renamed
1322:Milwaukee
1320:USS
1310:(renamed
1305:HMS
1289:Nikolayev
1285:Leningrad
1195:Kronstadt
1191:Leningrad
1079:Dekabrist
1061:Black Sea
912:Black Sea
904:Bolshevik
896:Black Sea
648:, in the
626:Black Sea
571:Red Fleet
375:Red Fleet
307:corvettes
141:Disbanded
70:July 2020
18:Red Fleet
4175:Archived
4158:Archived
4044:(1988).
3796:Archived
3776:Archived
3744:23 April
3708:Archived
3677:Archived
3606:40107569
3537:Archived
3526:Archived
3471:31 March
3428:Archived
3286:See also
3006:Admiral
2985:Admiral
2846:Klaipėda
2835:and the
2792:Cold War
2766:Baltiysk
2745:Pechenga
2592:brigades
2378:frigates
2315:Sverdlov
2270:cruisers
1935:in 2014.
1696:Liaoning
1531:Sverdlov
1487:missiles
1327:Murmansk
1318:cruiser
1274:Tashkent
1167:Red Army
1127:Polyarny
1123:Kola Bay
947:Red Army
853:mutinied
707:Red Army
618:Northern
591:Cold War
558:was the
521:Insignia
510:Admiral
453:Cold War
301:frigates
289:cruisers
3900:2 April
3830:(1): 9.
3348:
2848:in the
2826:Morflot
2756:Tumanny
2575:During
1832:Typhoon
1772:-class
1731:Tupolev
1687:Ukraine
1654:Tbilisi
1589:in 1991
1536:Zhdanov
1476:designs
1471:German
1458:
1446::
1435:Russian
1397:convoys
1356:Tallinn
1054:In the
1000:cruiser
991:on the
989:Tunisia
985:Bizerta
979:to the
962:Czarist
937:on the
622:Pacific
565:of the
472:Notable
422:Finland
156:Country
146: (
131: (
126:Founded
58:improve
4120:
4102:
4081:
4054:
4034:
4012:
3872:
3851:
3604:
3573:
3499:
3462:
2837:Vienna
2663:Baltic
2642:, and
2628:Odessa
2620:Moscow
2597:Gvardy
2534:, the
2530:, the
2526:, the
2348:Udaloy
2220:Moskva
1679:Varyag
1667:MiG-29
1637:, the
1631:V/STOL
1613:-class
1611:Moskva
1280:Lützow
1234:-class
1227:-class
1225:Gnevny
1189:, and
1187:Tuapse
1171:Odessa
1036:decree
1004:Aurora
951:Crimea
916:Crimea
902:. The
900:Baltic
848:Aurora
630:Baltic
628:, and
585:, the
278:(1990)
271:(1990)
199:
184:
169:
47:, but
4075:XLVII
4006:XXVII
3602:JSTOR
3571:S2CID
3318:Notes
2811:Rogov
2778:, at
2729:, at
2644:Kerch
2532:Volga
2496:≈425
2282:Slava
2258:Kirov
2244:Kirov
1843:K-219
1834:class
1808:sonar
1671:Ka-27
1623:class
1580:Italy
1555:, an
1506:Slava
1500:Kirov
1393:Novik
1365:Marat
1293:mines
1268:Novik
1081:class
945:when
889:White
4118:ISBN
4100:ISSN
4096:XLIX
4079:ISSN
4052:ISBN
4032:ISBN
4010:ISSN
3916:IISS
3902:2010
3870:ISBN
3849:ISBN
3746:2013
3685:2006
3497:ISBN
3473:2020
3460:ISBN
3436:2021
3346:lit.
2866:NATO
2421:124
2376:113
2211:Kiev
1963:The
1946:and
1923:and
1912:and
1884:Voge
1878:Echo
1874:K-22
1861:K-19
1746:NATO
1736:and
1665:and
1635:e.g.
1627:Kiev
1621:Kiev
1586:Deyo
1571:The
1552:Kiev
1512:The
1503:and
1456:lit.
1287:and
1229:and
1148:and
1125:and
1025:Czar
1011:and
894:The
730:Navy
554:The
344:425
305:124
299:113
252:Size
246:Navy
242:Type
133:1918
129:1918
3563:doi
2844:at
2842:3rd
2764:at
2743:at
2480:14
2474:19
2454:42
2444:78
2438:36
2432:10
2411:31
2405:31
2399:18
2387:32
2354:18
2345:11
2336:11
2325:45
2300:10
2268:30
2133:25
2127:20
2121:18
2110:63
2088:46
2059:68
2049:16
2043:30
2037:14
2014:72
1998:12
1992:40
1975:63
1685:by
1346:in
1251:77
983:to
609:in
601:or
597:in
577:'s
338:35
329:63
323:68
317:72
311:63
293:45
287:30
202:CIS
4350::
4330:)
4316:)
4302:)
4279:)
4094:.
4073:.
4030:.
4004:.
3983:.
3968:.
3934:^
3892:.
3836:^
3828:67
3826:.
3822:.
3736:.
3716:^
3706:.
3702:.
3675:.
3640:^
3598:18
3596:.
3592:.
3569:.
3559:16
3557:.
3532:,
3521:,
3511:^
3391:,
3365:,
3343:,
3334:,
2868:.
2719:.
2691:.
2684:.
2638:,
2634:,
2630:,
2626:,
2622:,
2538:,
2486:6
2465:3
2393:1
2366:2
2360:3
2312:2
2306:4
2294:4
2288:7
2279:3
2255:3
2230:3
2217:2
2208:4
2199:1
2188:/
2184:7
2174:1
2168:4
2162:2
2156:1
2150:1
2100:3
2094:6
2082:6
2076:2
2070:5
2031:6
2025:6
2004:5
1986:6
1942:,
1908:,
1768:A
1699:.
1605:.
1538:.
1453:,
1441:,
1437::
1185:,
1181:,
1177:,
1173:,
1095:.
829:.
664:.
656:,
624:,
620:,
613:.
281:3
274:2
267:5
4326:(
4312:(
4298:(
4275:(
4222:e
4215:t
4208:v
4124:.
4106:.
4085:.
4058:.
4016:.
3972:.
3904:.
3878:.
3791:"
3748:.
3687:.
3608:.
3577:.
3565::
3505:.
3475:.
3438:.
3396::
3370::
2824:(
2786:)
2782:(
2772:)
2768:(
2751:)
2747:(
2737:)
2733:(
2458::
2425::
2380::
2329::
2272::
2234::
2192::
2114::
2063::
2018::
1979::
1950:.
1876:(
1516:(
1255:,
794:e
787:t
780:v
434:)
430:(
424:)
420:(
350:1
150:)
135:)
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
