2610:
172:
184:
1732:
According to Aung 2013, Manumanaw Karen does not yet have a standardized script. Catholic missionaries developed a spelling using the Latin script which is used in religious documents, including the translation of the Bible. A Manumanaw Karen literature committee has been set up and is developing
374:
Eastern Kayah dialects are Upper
Eastern Kayah and Lower Eastern Kayah, which are mutually intelligible. The speech variety of Huai Sua Thaw village (Lower Eastern) is prestigious for both dialect groups. The Eastern Kayah have difficulty understanding the Western Kayah.
330:
Eastern Kayah is reported to have been spoken by 260,000 in Burma and 100,000 in
Thailand in 2000, and Western Kayah by 210,000 in Burma in 1987. They are rather divergent. Among the Western dialects are Yintale and kayahManu
3022:
3013:
2407:
3493:
3264:
2337:
850:
2380:
2352:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 115. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1250:
903:
3550:
2400:
1226:
1143:
1017:
881:
3486:
2316:
2609:
1106:
684:
2040:
is indicated with an umlaut below the vowel letter. Breathy voiced vowel letters can also have a diacritic indicating the tone.
3257:
3134:
1651:
1370:
2393:
1681:
1660:
1405:
1384:
3479:
720:
432:
Western Kayah dialects are part of a dialect continuum of
Central Karen varieties stretching from Thailand. They include:
3139:
2795:
3692:
3578:
3192:
2263:
1667:
1391:
1259:
1135:
1127:
771:
2840:
2478:
1733:
literacy programs with SIL, using spelling based on
Burmese script , so that it is accepted by Catholics and Baptists.
3616:
3185:
2762:
1695:
1621:
1414:
1340:
1162:
729:
4472:
3250:
1711:
1630:
1430:
1349:
1266:
1010:
1003:
914:
711:
581:
572:
3085:
2532:
2453:
780:
4304:
2582:
3166:
2769:
1637:
1356:
1152:
787:
2830:
4349:
4155:
3944:
3405:
3160:
2946:
1099:
1092:
1026:
653:
644:
590:
2913:
4198:
3862:
3788:
3459:
3206:
3199:
2979:
2416:
1577:
1559:
1545:
1538:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1449:
961:
537:
100:
4271:
1986:
The five vowels of the alphabet are supplemented by four accented letters representing their own vowels.
4451:
4261:
4056:
3423:
3149:
3099:
2655:
1852:
1243:
1211:
1183:
1176:
896:
864:
814:
805:
501:
Kawyaw dialects are Tawkhu and Doloso, which have been reported to be difficult to mutually understand.
4102:
3937:
3932:
3765:
3715:
3502:
3433:
3428:
2961:
2807:
2753:
1193:
822:
662:
4403:
4122:
3927:
3922:
3629:
3569:
3415:
3373:
3331:
3144:
2734:
2561:
2492:
1216:
1120:
1074:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
869:
749:
738:
696:
626:
617:
608:
601:
4326:
4014:
3917:
3872:
3438:
3368:
2985:
2594:
2460:
2257:
1201:
956:
830:
532:
327:
has been described as "a new name invented by the
Burmese to split them off from other Karen".
4426:
4294:
4132:
4024:
3740:
3672:
3273:
3093:
3053:
3031:
2996:
2990:
2955:
2893:
2887:
2867:
2661:
2649:
2632:
2540:
2486:
2466:
2345:
1688:
1377:
1085:
978:
968:
764:
637:
552:
542:
309:
136:
4421:
4413:
4398:
4393:
4383:
4375:
4354:
4284:
4279:
4256:
4246:
4241:
4183:
4173:
4066:
3999:
3867:
3821:
3745:
3730:
3654:
3516:
3326:
3287:
3114:
3074:
3044:
3018:
2968:
2926:
2835:
2812:
2705:
2692:
2685:
2642:
2567:
2430:
951:
946:
840:
527:
522:
298:
286:
146:
4431:
4344:
4117:
4086:
4071:
4061:
4004:
3857:
3836:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3720:
3677:
3601:
3537:
3521:
3378:
3106:
3060:
2919:
2801:
2740:
2574:
2521:
2512:
2498:
1645:
1506:
1364:
1170:
973:
799:
547:
421:
306:
105:
92:
3725:
4388:
4339:
4312:
4231:
4178:
4168:
4163:
4076:
4039:
4009:
3894:
3841:
3816:
3735:
3710:
3705:
3682:
3662:
3639:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3352:
3336:
3176:
3154:
3068:
3037:
2973:
2933:
2907:
2881:
2858:
2781:
2727:
2699:
2668:
2546:
2472:
1675:
1533:
1399:
985:
559:
394:
390:
358:
141:
129:
73:
264:
257:
250:
4466:
4289:
4251:
4236:
4226:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4127:
4112:
4107:
4048:
3991:
3954:
3831:
3826:
3806:
3700:
3667:
3644:
3634:
3624:
2900:
2822:
2588:
2553:
2505:
2037:
1856:
1603:
1470:
1322:
996:
702:
565:
482:, reportedly similar to Western Kayah, is spoken in 23 villages along the border of
4081:
4029:
4019:
3981:
3779:
3606:
2874:
2790:
2746:
2675:
2029:
1840:
1034:
313:
17:
4334:
4188:
3909:
3886:
3220:
2435:
1598:
1465:
1317:
495:
470:
386:
382:
354:
4221:
4146:
3560:
2215:
2210:
2201:
2196:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2168:
1615:
1608:
1482:
1475:
1334:
1327:
406:
398:
368:
3973:
3235:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
3213:
2854:
2619:
2426:
1703:
1568:
1552:
1440:
1422:
990:
672:
243:
203:
2231:
Christopher
Beckwith, International Association for Tibetan Studies, 2002.
1295:
A glottal stop is heard in zero-initial position before an initial vowel.
233:
226:
219:
212:
2252:. PYU Working Papers in Linguistics 1: Payap University. pp. 66–104.
491:
466:
462:
177:
63:
2385:
3471:
2715:
2381:
483:
364:
189:
3962:
2628:
2443:
487:
425:
417:
410:
350:
3242:
461:, reportedly a variety of Western Kayah, is spoken in 3 villages of
2363:
1286:/ŋ/ may also be heard as palatal when before front vowels and /j/.
2624:
2439:
2033:
1836:
317:
59:
3475:
3246:
2389:
928:/sʰ/ is heard as a palato-alveolar before high-front vowels.
2339:
A Sociolinguistic survey of
Eastern Kayah Li in Thailand
1289:/ɻ/ may also be heard as a trill among emphatic speech.
2317:"A Descriptive Grammar of Kayah Monu (Master's thesis)"
2250:
Notes on
Western Kayah Li (Western Red Karen) phonology
931:/ŋ/ is heard as a palatal before front or mid vowels.
4444:
4412:
4374:
4367:
4325:
4303:
4270:
4197:
4154:
4145:
4095:
4047:
4038:
3990:
3972:
3953:
3908:
3885:
3850:
3787:
3778:
3758:
3691:
3653:
3615:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3546:
3530:
3509:
3451:
3414:
3398:
3391:
3361:
3345:
3319:
3303:
3296:
3280:
3175:
3127:
3084:
3012:
2945:
2853:
2821:
2779:
2714:
2617:
2531:
2424:
241:
201:
196:
160:
155:
126:
89:
79:
69:
55:
32:
2302:A grammatical sketch of Eastern Kayah (Red Karen)
1849:⟨ǎ, ě, è̌, ǐ, î̌, ǒ, ô̌, ò̌, ǔ, û̌⟩
2364:"E-books for children with narration in Karenni"
1845:⟨á, é, è́, í, î́, ó, ố, ò́, ú, û́⟩
1843:or without the addition of these on the vowels:
1283:/j/ may also be heard as a palatal fricative .
1280:/tɕ/ may also be occasionally be realized as .
3487:
3258:
2401:
47:
8:
1292:/w/ may also be heard as in free variation.
2336:Kirkland, Cortney, and Erin Dawkins. 2007.
4371:
4151:
4044:
3784:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3494:
3480:
3472:
3395:
3300:
3265:
3251:
3243:
3081:
2942:
2776:
2528:
2408:
2394:
2386:
476:Yintale dialects are Bawlake and Wa Awng.
29:
2042:
1991:
1955:
1865:
1735:
1723:/ə/ may also be heard as a centralized .
1589:
1456:
1308:
937:
513:
2304:. University of California at Berkeley.
2152:
2255:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
7:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2275:
2273:
2243:
2241:
2282:A descriptive grammar of Kayah Monu
1835:The tones are indicated using the
934:/ɾ/ may also be heard as a trill .
25:
1861:⟨a̤, e̤, i̤, o̤, ṳ⟩
1710:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1666:
1659:
1650:
1636:
1629:
1620:
1429:
1413:
1404:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1355:
1348:
1339:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1225:
1200:
1192:
1182:
1175:
1161:
1151:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1073:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1033:
1025:
1016:
1009:
1002:
913:
902:
880:
849:
829:
821:
813:
804:
786:
779:
770:
748:
728:
719:
710:
683:
661:
652:
643:
625:
616:
607:
589:
580:
571:
439:Southern dialect of Western Kayah
436:Northern dialect of Western Kayah
2608:
2233:Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages
2028:Tones are represented using the
182:
170:
2342:. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
2322:. Payap University. p. 14.
2284:. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
1737:Manumanaw Karen Latin Alphabet
1855:below is used to indicate the
312:spoken by over half a million
1:
1867:Western Kayah Latin Alphabet
237: – Manumanaw (Manu)
1619:
1486:
1338:
939:Consonants in Eastern Kayah
515:Consonants in Western Kayah
4491:
2368:Unite for Literacy library
339:Distribution and varieties
223: – Western Kayah
216: – Eastern Kayah
3230:
2606:
2300:Solnit, David B. (1986).
1953:Seven digraphs are used.
1716:
1693:
1607:
1576:
1563:
1544:
1474:
1448:
1435:
1412:
1326:
1210:
1169:
1119:
984:
943:
863:
839:
798:
695:
671:
558:
519:
302:
290:
48:
42:
37:
27:Karenic dialect continuum
2262:: CS1 maint: location (
2248:Bryant, John R. (1996).
1591:Vowels in Eastern Kayah
1310:Vowels in Western Kayah
85:187,000 (2000–2007)
2221:(subscription required)
2207:(subscription required)
2193:(subscription required)
2179:(subscription required)
490:townships, in the West
393:. It is also spoken in
293:), known in Burmese as
2315:Aung, Wai Lin (2013).
2280:Wai, Lin Aung (2013).
268: Manumanaw Karen
4452:Burmese sign language
4262:Southwestern Mandarin
3531:Semiofficial language
3424:Northern Pwo (Phlong)
3135:Central Tibeto-Burman
2350:The Yintalay language
397:township in southern
3547:Indigenous languages
3503:Languages of Myanmar
2036:over the vowel. The
424:townships (south of
261: Yintale Karen
230: – Yintale
3434:Eastern Pwo (Phlou)
3193:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
2045:
1994:
1958:
1868:
1738:
1592:
1459:
1311:
940:
516:
162:Recognised minority
44:ꤊꤢꤛꤢ꤭ ꤜꤟꤤ꤬ ကယး လီူး
4376:Immigrant language
3510:Official languages
3186:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
3128:Proposed groupings
2043:
1992:
1956:
1866:
1736:
1590:
1457:
1309:
938:
514:
416:southern dialect:
405:northern dialect:
18:Red Karen language
4473:Karenic languages
4460:
4459:
4440:
4439:
4363:
4362:
4321:
4320:
4141:
4140:
3881:
3880:
3774:
3773:
3754:
3753:
3469:
3468:
3447:
3446:
3387:
3386:
3274:Karenic languages
3240:
3239:
3123:
3122:
3008:
3007:
2849:
2848:
2604:
2603:
2346:Shintani Tadahiko
2219:(18th ed., 2015)
2205:(18th ed., 2015)
2191:(18th ed., 2015)
2177:(18th ed., 2015)
2144:
2143:
2026:
2025:
1984:
1983:
1951:
1950:
1833:
1832:
1720:
1719:
1583:
1582:
1455:
1454:
1277:
1276:
1246:
1219:
1088:
1047:
999:
925:
924:
899:
872:
767:
741:
705:
640:
604:
568:
310:dialect continuum
272:
271:
16:(Redirected from
4480:
4414:Working language
4372:
4152:
4045:
3785:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3473:
3396:
3301:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3082:
2943:
2777:
2612:
2529:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2211:Manumanaw (Manu)
2208:
2194:
2180:
2166:
2046:
1995:
1959:
1869:
1862:
1850:
1846:
1739:
1714:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1593:
1579:
1561:
1547:
1540:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1460:
1451:
1433:
1417:
1408:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1359:
1352:
1343:
1312:
1269:
1262:
1253:
1242:
1229:
1217:
1204:
1196:
1186:
1179:
1165:
1155:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1006:
995:
941:
917:
906:
895:
884:
870:
853:
833:
825:
817:
808:
790:
783:
774:
763:
752:
737:
732:
723:
714:
701:
687:
665:
656:
647:
636:
629:
620:
611:
600:
593:
584:
575:
564:
517:
304:
292:
284:
267:
260:
253:
236:
229:
222:
215:
206:
188:
186:
185:
176:
174:
173:
164:language in
132:
95:
51:
50:
45:
30:
21:
4490:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4436:
4408:
4359:
4317:
4299:
4266:
4193:
4137:
4091:
4034:
3986:
3968:
3949:
3904:
3877:
3846:
3770:
3750:
3687:
3649:
3611:
3551:state or region
3548:
3542:
3526:
3505:
3500:
3470:
3465:
3443:
3410:
3383:
3357:
3341:
3327:Padaung (Kayan)
3315:
3311:Kayah (Karenni)
3292:
3276:
3271:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3177:Proto-languages
3171:
3119:
3086:Greater Siangic
3080:
3017:
3004:
2941:
2845:
2817:
2775:
2719:
2710:
2622:
2613:
2600:
2533:Greater Magaric
2527:
2454:West Himalayish
2434:
2420:
2414:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2333:
2331:Further reading
2328:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2209:
2206:
2195:
2192:
2181:
2178:
2167:
2154:
2149:
1989:
1860:
1859:on the vowels:
1848:
1844:
1730:
1588:
1458:Breathy vowels
1307:
1302:
989:
963:
955:
541:
512:
507:
341:
316:(Red Karen) in
282:
263:
262:
256:
255:
249:
232:
231:
225:
224:
218:
217:
211:
210:
202:
192:
183:
181:
180:
171:
169:
165:
163:
156:Official status
151:unwritten (kvy)
150:
145:
140:
133:
128:
122:
106:Karen languages
96:
93:Language family
91:
82:
81:Native speakers
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4445:Sign languages
4442:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4369:
4368:Non-Indigenous
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3651:
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3648:
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3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
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3609:
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3599:
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3572:
3563:
3554:
3544:
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3540:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3453:
3452:Proto-language
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3167:Tibeto-Kanauri
3164:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Kuki-Chin–Naga
3137:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3090:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3028:
3026:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2951:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2861:
2859:Southeast Asia
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2796:Angami–Pochuri
2793:
2787:
2785:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2721:
2720:Burmese border
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2638:
2636:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2490:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2447:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2358:
2357:External links
2355:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2307:
2287:
2269:
2237:
2224:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
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1800:
1797:
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1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
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1746:
1743:
1729:
1728:Writing system
1726:
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1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1672:
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1634:
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1596:
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1565:
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1497:
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1473:
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1463:
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1434:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1344:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
982:
981:
976:
971:
966:
959:
949:
944:
936:
935:
932:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
911:
909:
907:
900:
892:
891:
889:
887:
885:
878:
876:
874:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
854:
847:
845:
843:
837:
836:
834:
827:
818:
811:
809:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
784:
777:
775:
768:
760:
759:
757:
755:
753:
746:
744:
742:
734:
733:
726:
724:
717:
715:
708:
706:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
681:
679:
677:
675:
669:
668:
666:
659:
657:
650:
648:
641:
633:
632:
630:
623:
621:
614:
612:
605:
597:
596:
594:
587:
585:
578:
576:
569:
562:
556:
555:
550:
545:
535:
530:
525:
520:
511:
508:
506:
503:
456:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
430:
429:
414:
391:Thanlwin River
389:, east of the
372:
371:
362:
359:Thanlwin River
346:is spoken in:
340:
337:
270:
269:
247:
239:
238:
207:
199:
198:
197:Language codes
194:
193:
168:
166:
161:
158:
157:
153:
152:
134:
130:Writing system
127:
124:
123:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
99:
97:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
57:
56:Native to
53:
52:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4486:
4485:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4156:Austroasiatic
4153:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3462:
3461:
3460:Proto-Karenic
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3207:Proto-Karenic
3204:
3202:
3201:
3200:Proto-Loloish
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3161:Tibeto-Burman
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2947:Burmo-Qiangic
2944:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2841:Jingpho–Luish
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:Baram–Thangmi
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:Western Kayah
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:Eastern Kayah
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2139:
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2112:
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2098:
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2079:
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2069:
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2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2038:breathy voice
2035:
2031:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1973:
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1967:
1964:
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1954:
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1943:
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1907:
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1892:
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1877:
1874:
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1864:
1858:
1857:breathy voice
1854:
1842:
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1825:
1822:
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1215:
1213:
1209:
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1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
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1154:
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1133:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
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1111:
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1101:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
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1076:
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1063:
1060:
1056:
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1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
992:
987:
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
960:
958:
953:
950:
948:
945:
942:
933:
930:
927:
926:
921:
919:
916:
912:
910:
908:
905:
901:
898:
894:
893:
890:
888:
886:
883:
879:
877:
875:
873:
868:
866:
862:
859:
857:
855:
852:
848:
846:
844:
842:
838:
835:
832:
828:
824:
819:
816:
812:
810:
807:
803:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
785:
782:
778:
776:
773:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:
756:
754:
751:
747:
745:
743:
740:
736:
735:
731:
727:
725:
722:
718:
716:
713:
709:
707:
704:
700:
698:
694:
691:
689:
686:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
670:
667:
664:
660:
658:
655:
651:
649:
646:
642:
639:
635:
634:
631:
628:
624:
622:
619:
615:
613:
610:
606:
603:
599:
598:
595:
592:
588:
586:
583:
579:
577:
574:
570:
567:
563:
561:
557:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
518:
509:
504:
502:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
434:
433:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
403:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:is spoken in
380:
379:Western Kayah
376:
370:
366:
363:
360:
357:(east of the
356:
352:
349:
348:
347:
345:
344:Eastern Kayah
338:
336:
335:in Burmese).
334:
328:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
308:
300:
296:
288:
280:
276:
266:
259:
252:
248:
246:
245:
240:
235:
228:
221:
214:
208:
205:
200:
195:
191:
179:
167:
159:
154:
148:
143:
138:
135:
131:
125:
115:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
98:
94:
88:
84:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
61:
58:
54:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4199:Sino-Tibetan
4057:Khiamniungan
3899:
3789:Sino-Tibetan
3458:
3310:
3232:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3159:
3105:
3098:
3073:
3059:
3052:
3043:
3036:
2995:
2980:Lolo-Burmese
2978:
2954:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2800:
2768:
2761:
2752:
2745:
2733:
2726:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2648:
2641:
2593:
2587:
2573:
2566:
2552:
2545:
2520:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2485:
2471:
2459:
2452:
2417:Sino-Tibetan
2371:. Retrieved
2367:
2349:
2338:
2310:
2301:
2281:
2249:
2232:
2227:
2214:
2200:
2186:
2172:
2030:acute accent
2027:
1988:
1985:
1952:
1841:acute accent
1834:
1731:
500:
479:
478:
475:
458:
457:
431:
378:
377:
373:
343:
342:
332:
329:
324:
322:
314:Kayah people
294:
278:
274:
273:
254: Kayah
242:
113:
101:Sino-Tibetan
4327:Tanintharyi
4103:Akyaung Ari
3945:S’gaw Karen
3766:Anu-Hkongso
3429:Western Pwo
3362:Western Bwe
3221:Proto-Hakka
3150:Mahakiranti
2656:East Bodish
2436:Uttarakhand
1212:Approximant
865:Approximant
496:Kayah State
471:Kayah State
445:Dawnnyjekhu
387:Kayin State
383:Kayah State
355:Kayah State
281:(Kayah Li:
4404:Vietnamese
4313:Hmong Njua
4305:Hmong–Mien
4222:Geko Karen
4123:Long Phuri
3965:(Taungtha)
3923:Geba Karen
3630:Hakha Chin
3115:Idu–Taraon
3069:Miju–Meyor
2962:Gyalrongic
2808:Tangkhulic
2583:Raji–Raute
2373:2014-06-21
2216:Ethnologue
2202:Ethnologue
2188:Ethnologue
2174:Ethnologue
2147:References
510:Consonants
469:district,
465:township,
409:(north of
407:Shan State
399:Shan State
369:Shan State
367:district,
353:township,
283:ꤊꤢꤛꤢ꤭ ꤜꤟꤤ꤬
209:Variously:
110:Sgaw–Bghai
4015:Mro-Khimi
3918:Bwe Karen
3873:Tai Laing
3570:Kuki-Chin
3214:Proto-Min
3145:Macro-Bai
3023:Arunachal
3016:(possible
2831:Boro–Garo
2735:Kuki-Chin
2718:and Indo-
2633:Arunachal
2620:Himalayas
2595:Tandrange
2562:Chepangic
2493:Dhimalish
2427:Himalayas
2258:cite book
2235:, p. 108.
1853:diaeresis
1569:Diphthong
1441:Diphthong
1121:Fricative
1045:aspirated
997:voiceless
991:Affricate
739:aspirated
703:voiceless
697:Fricative
673:Affricate
602:aspirated
566:voiceless
538:Post-alv.
505:Phonology
333:Manumanaw
323:The name
279:Red Karen
244:Glottolog
204:ISO 639-3
149:(kyu,kxf)
144:(kyu,kxf)
139:(eky,kyu)
70:Ethnicity
4467:Category
4427:Japanese
4295:Tai Nuea
4133:Tangkhul
4025:Rohingya
3741:Thaiphum
3693:Southern
3673:Senthang
3579:Northern
3392:Southern
3281:Northern
3019:isolates
2986:Mondzish
2914:Cai–Long
2662:Tshangla
2618:Eastern
2461:Tamangic
2431:Himachal
2425:Western
2419:branches
2348:. 2018.
2113:Breathy
2032:and the
1957:Digraph
1646:High-mid
1507:High-mid
1365:High-mid
964:alveolar
957:Alveolar
533:Alveolar
494:area of
492:Kyebogyi
467:Bawlakhe
463:Hpasawng
454:Wan Cheh
448:Sounglog
305:), is a
265:manu1255
258:yint1235
251:kaya1317
178:Thailand
137:Kayah Li
64:Thailand
4422:English
4399:Russian
4394:Punjabi
4384:Burmese
4355:Tavoyan
4285:Tai Lue
4272:Kra–Dai
4257:Taungyo
4247:Padaung
4184:Tai Loi
4174:Palaung
4067:Leinong
4040:Sagaing
4000:Rakhine
3992:Rakhine
3938:Western
3933:Eastern
3900:Karenni
3868:Palaung
3822:Lhao Vo
3746:Welaung
3731:Songlai
3617:Central
3538:English
3522:English
3517:Burmese
3297:Central
3233:Italics
3094:Siangic
3075:Songlin
3054:Kho-Bwa
3032:Hrusish
3014:Dubious
2997:Loloish
2991:Burmish
2956:Qiangic
2927:Longjia
2894:Karenic
2888:Nungish
2868:Sinitic
2754:Hkongso
2716:Myanmar
2686:Gongduk
2650:Tibetic
2568:Chepang
2541:Magaric
2487:Kiranti
2467:Newaric
2197:Yintale
2081:Medium
1993:Vowels
1676:Low-mid
1604:Central
1586:Eastern
1534:Low-mid
1471:Central
1400:Low-mid
1323:Central
1305:Western
1244:central
1218:lateral
986:Plosive
979:Glottal
969:Palatal
897:central
871:lateral
560:Plosive
553:Glottal
543:Palatal
484:Bawlake
459:Yintale
451:Chi Kwe
442:Dawtama
422:Dimawso
365:Langkho
299:Burmese
287:Burmese
275:Karenni
190:Myanmar
147:Myanmar
114:Karenni
74:Karenni
33:Karenni
4432:Korean
4345:Moklen
4118:Makury
4087:Tangsa
4072:Makyam
4062:Konyak
4005:Chakma
3963:Rungtu
3955:Magway
3858:Khamti
3837:Rawang
3812:Jingpo
3797:Achang
3780:Kachin
3721:Nga La
3678:Zotung
3655:Maraic
3602:Thadou
3379:Blimaw
3107:Milang
3061:Puroik
3045:Mijiic
2969:Ersuic
2920:Caijia
2836:Konyak
2802:Meitei
2706:Chamdo
2643:Bodish
2629:Bhutan
2575:Bhujel
2522:Lepcha
2513:Lhokpu
2499:Dhimal
2444:Sikkim
2044:Tones
1851:. The
1839:, the
1300:Vowels
1086:voiced
952:Dental
947:Labial
841:Rhotic
765:voiced
638:voiced
528:Dental
523:Labial
488:Hpruso
480:Kawyaw
426:Loikaw
418:Hpruso
411:Loikaw
351:Shadaw
291:ကရင်နီ
187:
175:
49:ကရင်နီ
4389:Hindi
4350:S’gaw
4340:Moken
4335:Malay
4232:Lahta
4227:Intha
4179:Riang
4169:Danau
4164:Blang
4096:Other
4077:Ponyo
4010:Laitu
3910:Kayin
3895:Kayaw
3887:Kayah
3851:Other
3842:Zaiwa
3817:Lashi
3802:Drung
3759:Other
3736:Sumtu
3716:Kʼchò
3711:Khumi
3706:Kaang
3683:Zyphe
3663:Lautu
3640:Ngawn
3597:Tedim
3592:Siyin
3587:Falam
3439:Phrae
3406:S'gaw
3399:S'gaw
3353:Kayaw
3346:Kayaw
3337:Lahta
3320:Kayan
3304:Kayah
3038:Hruso
2934:Luren
2908:Kathu
2882:Tujia
2770:Taman
2741:Mruic
2728:Karbi
2669:Basum
2625:Tibet
2547:Magar
2473:Newar
2440:Nepal
2320:(PDF)
2049:High
2034:caron
1837:caron
1599:Front
1466:Front
1318:Front
1171:Nasal
974:Velar
962:Post-
800:Nasal
548:Velar
395:Pekon
325:Kayah
318:Burma
307:Karen
295:Kayah
142:Latin
60:Burma
38:Kayah
4290:Shan
4280:Khün
4252:Pyen
4242:Pa’o
4237:Lahu
4217:Danu
4212:Akha
4207:Akeu
4147:Shan
4128:Para
4113:Koki
4108:Anal
3863:Nùng
3832:Nusu
3827:Lisu
3807:Hpon
3701:Daai
3668:Mara
3645:Tawr
3635:Mizo
3625:Bawm
3561:Chin
3549:(by
3374:Geba
3332:Geko
3288:Pa'O
3155:Rung
3100:Koro
2974:Naic
2901:Gong
2857:and
2855:East
2813:Zeme
2782:Naga
2700:Tani
2693:ʼOle
2589:Dura
2554:Kham
2506:Toto
2264:link
1616:High
1609:Back
1483:High
1476:Back
1335:High
1328:Back
486:and
420:and
385:and
303:ကယား
4082:Sak
4049:Sal
4030:Sak
4020:Mru
3982:Mon
3974:Mon
3928:Pwo
3726:Shö
3416:Pwo
3369:Bwe
3021:) (
2875:Bai
2823:Sal
2763:Pyu
2747:Mru
2676:Nam
2213:at
2199:at
2185:at
2171:at
2140:ṳ̂
2108:û̌
2076:û́
1980:gn
1704:Low
1578:ɯ̤ᵊ
1553:Low
1423:Low
1066:tɕʰ
320:.
277:or
234:kxf
227:kvy
220:kyu
213:eky
4469::
4189:Wa
3607:Zo
2791:Ao
2631:,
2627:,
2442:,
2438:,
2366:.
2290:^
2272:^
2260:}}
2256:{{
2240:^
2155:^
2137:ô̤
2134:ò̤
2131:è̤
2125:o̤
2122:i̤
2119:e̤
2116:a̤
2105:ô̌
2102:ò̌
2099:è̌
2070:ò́
2067:è́
2022:û
1977:ny
1974:th
1971:ph
1968:kh
1965:ht
1962:ng
1947:z
1944:y
1929:t
1914:o
1899:j
1884:e
1863:.
1847:,
1829:y
1817:ht
1814:t
1811:sh
1802:ph
1799:p
1784:m
1778:kh
1769:i
1754:e
1560:a̤
1546:ɔ̤
1539:ɛ̤
1527:o̤
1522:ɤ̤
1517:ə̤
1512:e̤
1495:ɯ̤
1488:i̤
1450:ɯᵊ
1197:)
1156:)
1147:)
1131:)
1107:dʑ
1075:kʰ
1059:tʰ
1052:pʰ
1038:)
1018:tɕ
826:)
750:sʰ
685:tʃ
627:kʰ
618:tʰ
609:pʰ
498:.
473:.
401:.
301::
289::
285:;
62:,
46:;
3553:)
3495:e
3488:t
3481:v
3266:e
3259:t
3252:v
3025:)
2784:"
2780:"
2679:?
2635:)
2623:(
2592:–
2446:)
2433:,
2429:(
2409:e
2402:t
2395:v
2376:.
2266:)
2128:ṳ
2096:ǔ
2093:ǒ
2090:ǐ
2087:ě
2084:ǎ
2073:ố
2064:ú
2061:ó
2058:í
2055:é
2052:á
2019:ô
2016:ò
2013:è
2010:u
2007:o
2004:i
2001:e
1998:a
1941:x
1938:w
1935:v
1932:u
1926:s
1923:r
1920:q
1917:p
1911:n
1908:m
1905:l
1902:k
1896:i
1893:h
1890:g
1887:f
1881:d
1878:c
1875:b
1872:a
1826:w
1823:û
1820:u
1808:s
1805:r
1796:ò
1793:ô
1790:o
1787:n
1781:l
1775:k
1772:î
1766:j
1763:h
1760:g
1757:è
1751:d
1748:c
1745:b
1742:a
1712:a
1696:ɔ
1689:ə
1682:ɛ
1668:o
1661:ɤ
1652:e
1638:u
1631:ɯ
1622:i
1500:ṳ
1431:a
1415:ɔ
1406:ɛ
1392:o
1385:ɤ
1378:ə
1371:e
1357:u
1350:ɯ
1341:i
1267:j
1260:ɻ
1251:w
1227:l
1202:ŋ
1194:ɲ
1191:(
1184:n
1177:m
1163:h
1153:ʝ
1150:(
1144:ɕ
1141:(
1136:s
1128:v
1125:(
1100:d
1093:b
1035:ʔ
1032:(
1027:k
1011:t
1004:p
988:/
954:/
915:j
904:w
882:l
851:ɾ
831:ŋ
823:ɲ
820:(
815:n
806:m
788:ʝ
781:z
772:v
730:h
721:ʂ
712:θ
663:ɡ
654:d
645:b
591:k
582:t
573:p
540:/
428:)
413:)
361:)
331:(
297:(
20:)
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