155:
280:
250:
31:
135:
River carts are strong enough to carry loads as heavy as 1,000 pounds (450 kg). Two 12-foot-long (3.7 m) parallel oak shafts or "trams" bracket the draft animal in front and form the frame of the cart to the rear. Crosspieces hold the floorboards, and front, side and rear boards or rails made of willows or
174:
were used, preferred because of their strength, endurance, and cloven hooves, which spread their weight in swampy areas. The cart, constructed of native materials, can easily be repaired. A supply of shaganappi and wood are brought; a cart can break a half-dozen axles in a one-way trip. The axles
134:
were unavailable or very expensive in the early West, these carts contain no iron at all, being entirely constructed of wood and animal hide. The cart can be dismantled, the wheels covered with bison hides to make floats and the box placed on top. Thus the cart can be floated across streams. Red
175:
are ungreased, as grease will capture dust, which acts as sandpaper and can immobilize the cart. The resultant squeal sounds like an untuned violin, giving it the sobriquet "the North West fiddle"; one visitor wrote that "a den of wild beasts cannot be compared with its hideousness."
98:
151:" attached when wet, which shrink and tighten as they dry. The axles connect two spoked wheels, 5 to 6 feet (1.5–1.8 m) in diameter, which are "dished" outward from the hub, in the form of a shallow cone, for extra stability.
438:. Mark Peihl: 'A Few Thoughts About Red River Carts.' In: Clay County Historical Society (Hrsg.): CCHS Newsletter. March/April 2000. Republished as article on Clay County Historical Society website. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
326:, a historic site near Saint Paul, Minnesota, operated by the Minnesota Historical Society, has a full-sized replica. The fort was an important early stop for traffic on what would become the
261:
would use Red River carts as their main commercial cart in the 1860s. This was due to an increased success of the
Minnesota cart route instead of the York Factory boat route.
627:
246:
toward the end of the century. Carts could not be used west of Fort
Edmonton because there were no roads or trails passable by wheeled vehicles over the Rocky Mountains.
722:
89:. With carts, the Metis were not restricted to river travel to hunt bison. The Red River cart was largely responsible for commercializing the buffalo hunt.
538:
338:
431:
320:
in
Vancouver, Washington, each have a full-scale replica cart. Fort Nisqually Living History Museum in Washington State has a half-scale replica.
348:
displays a full-size replica of a Red River cart in front of their home in
Pembina Hall. This Red River cart was donated to the faculty by the
317:
715:
293:
669:
495:
457:
273:
215:. Furs were the usual cargo on the trip to St. Paul, and trade goods and supplies were carried on the trip back to the colony.
613:
154:
708:
1607:
646:
305:
148:
110:
1528:
349:
1602:
1559:
334:
356:
in France to commemorate their participation in the invasion of
Normandy in 1944 and the liberation of Europe.
1523:
296:
displays a Red River cart collected in the 1850s in its
American Enterprise exhibition. Models may be found at
243:
542:
265:
239:
82:
1394:
1384:
1023:
875:
850:
301:
297:
258:
163:
35:
242:. The carts were the primary conveyance in the Canadian West from early settlement until the coming of the
1564:
1554:
1089:
677:
313:
200:
74:
1417:
1321:
563:
428:
345:
196:
1569:
640:
536:
This noise can be heard by listening to a recording of a modern reconstruction of a full-scale cart.
1331:
1326:
1166:
1051:
405:
1359:
1311:
1306:
1201:
1124:
1018:
969:
964:
959:
844:
839:
822:
781:
731:
212:
140:
598:
MacDougall, Brenda; St-Onge, Nicole (2013). "Rooted in
Mobility: Metis Buffalo-Hunting Brigades".
249:
1544:
1422:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1216:
1099:
1067:
944:
208:
167:
136:
131:
117:, just south of what is now the Canada–United States border. Derived either from the two-wheeled
106:
1003:
934:
923:
908:
865:
766:
686:
491:
453:
353:
309:
279:
512:
487:
480:
1427:
1346:
1272:
1211:
880:
827:
791:
771:
756:
751:
204:
188:
184:
78:
1503:
1296:
1221:
1119:
1077:
1013:
855:
681:
435:
327:
664:
450:
The Red River Trails: Oxcart Routes
Between St. Paul and the Red River Colony, 1820-1870
1597:
1549:
1457:
1236:
1181:
1145:
1140:
1129:
1072:
974:
870:
370:
144:
577:"FAR CORNER OF THE STRANGE EMPIRE: CENTRAL ALBERTA ON THE EVE OF HOMESTEAD SETTLEMENT"
283:
Full size Red River cart replica in front of
Pembina Hall at the University of Alberta
97:
1591:
1404:
1301:
1186:
833:
700:
695:
323:
227:
222:
was also an important route for the carts, running from the Red River Colony west to
219:
162:
Motive power for the carts was originally supplied by small horses obtained from the
70:
272:
peoples the Red River cart became a symbol of their heritage rooted in mobility and
1513:
1467:
1437:
1412:
1354:
1156:
365:
231:
223:
192:
114:
17:
1508:
1447:
1389:
1374:
1364:
1196:
991:
985:
949:
576:
337:, Cardston, Alberta, also has a full-size replica of a Red River cart, as does
269:
648:
Les Métis et la charette de la rivière Rouge (The Métis and the Red River Cart)
1291:
1150:
996:
979:
954:
928:
1580:‡ indicates vehicles that were used historically in public transport services
1493:
1369:
1171:
1057:
1033:
1008:
939:
816:
786:
385:
62:
30:
1483:
1379:
1104:
1082:
913:
902:
896:
806:
761:
735:
380:
86:
1488:
1442:
1283:
1267:
1226:
1109:
918:
860:
801:
776:
235:
541:. Historical and Cultural Society of Clay County. 2016. Archived from
1518:
1498:
1462:
1432:
1316:
1161:
1134:
1094:
891:
886:
811:
796:
564:
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/44911981/Red-River-Cart-Pictorial
143:. Also of seasoned oak is the axle, lashed to the cart by strips of
66:
61:, these carts were used throughout most of the 19th century in the
1336:
1206:
1191:
1114:
1028:
375:
278:
248:
153:
96:
85:
for use in their settlement on the Red River in what later became
54:
29:
406:
http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org/en/article-59/Red%20River%20Cart
1452:
1262:
1062:
171:
124:
58:
50:
46:
704:
674:
448:
Gilman, Rhoda R.; Carolyn Gilman; Deborah M. Stultz (1979).
452:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 5.
352:
in
November 2015. The MĂ©tis also donated an example to the
49:
made entirely of non-metallic materials. Often drawn by
1537:
1476:
1403:
1345:
1281:
1255:
1042:
742:
628:"November 17 2015 | Faculty of Native Studies"
139:enclose the box. These wooden pieces are joined by
113:, the carts made their first appearance in 1801 at
696:https://www.scribd.com/doc/24822945/Red-River-Cart
479:
81:. The cart is a simple conveyance developed by
187:on which the carts were used extended from the
675:Historical and Cultural Society of Clay County
127:, it was adapted to use only local materials.
716:
8:
689:The Red River Cart and Trails: The Fur Trade
519:. Series 1 (56). Manitoba Historical Society
118:
723:
709:
701:
473:
471:
469:
642:La charrette de la Rivière Rouge du CJB
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
397:
288:Surviving examples, models and replicas
123:used in French Canada or from Scottish
651:(fr. and en.), both Centre Juno Beach.
513:"On the St. Paul Trail in the Sixties"
511:Foseca, William G. (25 January 1900).
339:Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site
158:Red River ox cart at a railway station
486:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p.
344:The Faculty of Native Studies at the
318:Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
7:
429:A Few Thoughts About Red River Carts
316:Historical Society in Minnesota and
166:. After cattle were brought to the
294:National Museum of American History
25:
264:Invented and developed by the
77:and on the plains west of the
1:
687:Manitoba Historical Society:
101:Red River cart being repaired
65:and in westward expansion in
34:Red River ox cart (1851), by
238:, with branches such as the
105:According to the journal of
408:. Accessed 08 October 2018.
306:Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
111:Alexander Henry the younger
1624:
1529:Equestrian use of roadways
539:"Red River Carts Reviewed"
1578:
575:William, Wonders (1983).
335:Remington Carriage Museum
244:Canadian Pacific Railway
1524:Museums and collections
1395:Whippletree/double tree
478:Berton, Pierre (1972).
350:MĂ©tis Nation of Alberta
341:in La Junta, Colorado.
45:is a large two-wheeled
1375:Swingletree/singletree
670:Red River Cart Journey
581:Great Plains Quarterly
482:The Impossible Railway
284:
254:
159:
119:
102:
38:
745:carriages and coaches
665:Living Prairie Museum
614:"Breaking a Monopoly"
346:University of Alberta
282:
252:
240:Fort Ă la Corne Trail
157:
100:
73:, in the area of the
36:Frank Blackwell Mayer
33:
1347:Vehicle construction
1327:Trolley and lift van
1167:Limbers and caissons
732:Horse-drawn vehicles
694:Barkwell, Lawrence.
562:Barkwell, Lawrence.
404:Barkwell, Lawrence.
259:Hudson's Bay Company
1360:Front axle assembly
1045:carriages and carts
965:Runabout (carriage)
253:MĂ©tis trade caravan
213:St. Paul, Minnesota
141:mortices and tenons
1232:Two-wheeled calash
680:2014-04-23 at the
434:2017-08-13 at the
285:
255:
168:Selkirk Settlement
160:
137:dimensional lumber
107:North West Company
103:
39:
1608:MĂ©tis in Manitoba
1585:
1584:
935:Marathon carriage
354:Juno Beach Centre
310:Selkirk, Manitoba
53:, though also by
18:Red River ox cart
16:(Redirected from
1615:
1603:Red River Colony
1560:Carriage museums
897:Horsebus/Omnibus
881:Hackney carriage
725:
718:
711:
702:
652:
638:
632:
631:
624:
618:
617:
610:
604:
603:
600:Manitoba History
595:
589:
588:
572:
566:
560:
554:
553:
551:
550:
534:
528:
527:
525:
524:
517:MHS Transactions
508:
502:
501:
485:
475:
464:
463:
445:
439:
426:
409:
402:
205:Red River Valley
189:Red River Colony
185:Red River Trails
122:
79:Red River Colony
27:Two-wheeled cart
21:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1533:
1472:
1399:
1341:
1297:Conestoga wagon
1277:
1251:
1044:
1038:
744:
738:
729:
682:Wayback Machine
661:
656:
655:
639:
635:
626:
625:
621:
612:
611:
607:
597:
596:
592:
574:
573:
569:
561:
557:
548:
546:
537:
535:
531:
522:
520:
510:
509:
505:
498:
477:
476:
467:
460:
447:
446:
442:
436:Wayback Machine
427:
412:
403:
399:
394:
362:
328:Red River Trail
290:
274:social networks
230:in present-day
181:
95:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Un-sprung cart
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Red River cart
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:Governess cart
1143:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
1000:
999:
989:
983:
977:
975:Spider phaeton
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
900:
894:
889:
884:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
842:
837:
831:
825:
820:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
748:
746:
740:
739:
730:
728:
727:
720:
713:
705:
699:
698:
692:
684:
672:
667:
660:
659:External links
657:
654:
653:
633:
619:
605:
590:
567:
555:
529:
503:
496:
465:
458:
440:
410:
396:
395:
393:
390:
389:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
361:
358:
289:
286:
180:
177:
170:in the 1820s,
94:
91:
43:Red River cart
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1620:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Horse driving
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Coachbuilders
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:Breast collar
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:Undercarriage
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Covered wagon
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1282:Wagons &
1280:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Sicilian cart
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
846:
843:
841:
838:
835:
834:Concord coach
832:
829:
826:
824:
821:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
747:
741:
737:
733:
726:
721:
719:
714:
712:
707:
706:
703:
697:
693:
691:
690:
685:
683:
679:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
658:
650:
649:
644:
643:
637:
634:
629:
623:
620:
616:. 2015-06-09.
615:
609:
606:
601:
594:
591:
586:
582:
578:
571:
568:
565:
559:
556:
545:on 2014-04-22
544:
540:
533:
530:
518:
514:
507:
504:
499:
497:0-394-46569-5
493:
489:
484:
483:
474:
472:
470:
466:
461:
459:0-87351-133-6
455:
451:
444:
441:
437:
433:
430:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
401:
398:
391:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
324:Fort Snelling
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
287:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:Fort Edmonton
225:
221:
220:Carlton Trail
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:trading posts
190:
186:
178:
176:
173:
169:
165:
164:First Nations
156:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
128:
126:
121:
116:
112:
108:
99:
92:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
71:United States
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
1514:Driving club
1413:Bearing rein
1355:Coachbuilder
1176:
1157:Jaunting car
1090:Chasse-marée
876:Four-in-hand
743:Four-wheeled
688:
647:
641:
636:
622:
608:
599:
593:
584:
580:
570:
558:
547:. Retrieved
543:the original
532:
521:. Retrieved
516:
506:
481:
449:
443:
400:
366:Bullock cart
343:
332:
322:
291:
263:
256:
232:Saskatchewan
224:Fort Carlton
217:
182:
161:
129:
115:Fort Pembina
104:
42:
40:
1509:Draft horse
1448:Horse brass
1390:Wheelwright
1365:Hammercloth
1263:Sled/sleigh
1256:Non-wheeled
1197:Sprung cart
1043:Two-wheeled
992:State coach
986:Stage wagon
950:Post chaise
371:Countryborn
314:Clay County
270:Countryborn
109:fur-trader
93:Description
1592:Categories
1538:Categories
1385:Wainwright
1292:Chuckwagon
1151:Hansom cab
980:Stagecoach
955:Road Coach
929:Mail coach
645:(fr.) and
549:2016-06-08
523:2008-02-14
392:References
201:St. Joseph
195:, such as
149:shaganappi
1545:Carriages
1494:Postilion
1428:Breeching
1370:Shaft bow
1172:Ralli car
1058:Cape cart
1052:Cabriolet
1034:Wagonette
1024:Vis-Ă -vis
1009:Tarantass
940:Park Drag
851:Dos-Ă -dos
845:Diligence
817:Charabanc
787:Buckboard
736:carriages
386:York boat
302:Duck Lake
298:St. Louis
147:hide or "
120:charettes
75:Red River
63:fur trade
1484:Coachman
1418:Blinders
1202:Stanhope
1105:Curricle
1083:Quadriga
1019:Victoria
970:Sociable
960:Rockaway
914:Karozzin
903:Horsecar
823:Clarence
807:Carryall
782:Brougham
762:Barouche
678:Archived
602:: 21–31.
432:Archived
360:See also
191:via fur-
130:Because
87:Manitoba
69:and the
1504:Driving
1489:Footman
1477:Related
1443:Crupper
1405:Harness
1322:Trolley
1284:drayage
1268:Travois
1247:Whiskey
1242:Volante
1227:Tumbrel
1217:Tilbury
1110:Dogcart
1100:Croydon
1068:Chariot
945:Phaeton
919:Kibitka
861:Droshky
802:Cariole
777:Britzka
312:. The
236:Alberta
209:Mendota
203:in the
197:Pembina
1570:Images
1519:Tandem
1499:Livery
1463:Terret
1458:Saddle
1438:Collar
1433:Bridle
1317:Telega
1273:Troika
1162:Kalesa
1135:Gharry
1095:Cidomo
1004:Surrey
997:Gilded
924:Landau
909:Jingle
892:Herdic
887:Hearse
866:Fiacre
812:Chaise
797:Calash
767:Berlin
587:: 102.
494:
456:
308:, and
67:Canada
55:horses
1598:Carts
1550:Carts
1468:Trace
1453:Lines
1337:Wagon
1332:Vardo
1312:Lorry
1307:Float
1212:Tanga
1207:Sulky
1192:Sjees
1125:Float
1115:Dokar
1078:Triga
1029:Vozok
1014:Triga
840:Coupé
828:Coach
792:Buggy
772:Brake
757:Bandy
752:Araba
381:MĂ©tis
376:Oxbow
266:MĂ©tis
207:, to
145:bison
132:nails
125:carts
83:MĂ©tis
59:mules
1222:Trap
1182:Shay
1130:Gari
1120:Ekka
1073:Biga
1063:Cart
856:Drag
734:and
492:ISBN
454:ISBN
333:The
304:and
292:The
268:and
257:The
234:and
226:and
218:The
211:and
199:and
183:The
179:Uses
172:oxen
51:oxen
47:cart
41:The
1141:Gig
871:Fly
57:or
1594::
583:.
579:.
515:.
490:.
488:25
468:^
413:^
330:.
300:,
276:.
1153:‡
1137:‡
1054:‡
988:‡
982:‡
931:‡
905:‡
899:‡
883:‡
847:‡
836:‡
830:‡
819:‡
724:e
717:t
710:v
630:.
585:3
552:.
526:.
500:.
462:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
